Doppler-Free Saturation

Spectroscopy
Group: 66
Karakoc, Deniz (03657305)
Wang, Bo (03662383)
Luchko, Ivan (03663869)

1. Introduction
We learn the theory and experiment of Doppler-free saturated
absorption spectroscopy, using it to observe and measure the
hyperfine structure of 87 and 85.

2. Hyperfine Structure of Rubidium

The level scheme for the 51/2 53/2 transition in 87 and
could be shown in Figure 6 form manual like below.

85

 Hyperfine Coupling constant

We can calculate the hyperfine structure shift by using the
equation 24 in manual.

3( + 1) 4( + 1)( + 1)
v = A + [
]
2
8(2 1)(2 1)
Where C = F(F + 1) J(J + 1) I(I + 1). A and B are the
hyperfine coupling constant that descript the magnetic dipole
and electric quadrupole interaction between electron and
Nucleus.
Hyperfine Shift
By using the equation above, we could calculate the energy
shift of 53/2 in 87 and 85. For convenience, we write this
energy shift as a function of A and B.
v = a A + b B
The result is listed below.
87
85

F
C
a
b
F
C
a
b
53/2
3
4.5 2.25 0.25
4
7.5 3.75 0.25
2
-1.5 -0.75 -0.75
3
-0.5 -0.25 -0.55
1
-5.5 -2.75 0.25
2
-6.5 -3.25 -0.1
Cross-Over Line
Three additional cross-over lines will also be observed in
experiment. The frequency of these cross-over line is in the
middle of the lines above. For convenience, we add them into
the table.
87
85

F
a
b
F
a
b
3
2.25
0.25
4
3.75
0.25
2,3
0.75
-0.25
3,4
1.75
-0.15
53/2
1,3
-0.25
0.25
2,4
0.25
0.075
2
-0.75
-0.75
3
-0.25
-0.55
1,2
-1.75
-0.25
2,3
-1.75 -0.325
1
-2.75
0.25
2
-3.25
-0.1

3. Analysis of Data
The shot form Oscilloscope is listed below. The left part
come form 87 and the right part come form 85.

a. Energy Calibration
The first thing is to determine the relation
between Energy and time in Oscilloscope.

We use the signal form the Fabry-Perot

interferometer, the green one, to calibrate.
The frequency difference between two
adjacent peaks is the free spectral range,
500 MHz.

After finding the Peaks, we fit it linearly like

below.

Then we could plot the D2 line based on

Frequency.
b.Cross-over Line
As the rubidium atoms are under room
temperature, they follow the Maxwell
Boltzmann distribution. The cross-over line

comes from the atoms with speed of 1 2
2

on z direction. Base on MaxwellBoltzmann

distribution, like below, their population are
much high than the ones with 0 speed on z
direction. Therefore their amplitude is larger.

For short, we will note the transition line

87
: 51/2 , = 2 53/2 , = 3 as (3), and
the cross over line between 87: 51/2 , =
2 53/2 , = 2 and 87: 51/2 , = 2
53/2 , = 3 as (2,3).
c. Rb87
The shot of Rb87 D2 line is listed below.

From left to right, these peaks are (1), (1,2),

(2), (1,3), (2,3), (3). After fit the peaks with
Lorentz, we got relative frequency of these
peaks.

Then by using the table we got before, we

could fit these six peaks with a 2D plane to
find out the Hyperfine Coupling constant A
and B of 8753/2 .

Compare the official values from Rubidium 87 D

Line Data, Daniel A. Steck the error is smaller than
5%.

d.Rb85
The analysis is similar. From left to right,
these peaks are (2), (2, 3), (3), (2, 4), (3, 4),

(4). After fit the peaks with Lorentz, we got

relative frequency of these peaks. Here the
peak (2) are too small to fit, so we dropped
it.

Then by using the table we got before, we could fit

these six peaks with a 2D plane to find out the
Hyperfine Coupling constant A and B of 8553/2 .

Compare the official values from Rubidium 85 D

Line Data, Daniel A. Steck the error is smaller than
5% too.