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With such an arrangement, the phase displacement between the currents gets compensated
with the oppositely connected C.T. secondaries. Hence currents fed to the pilot wires from both the
sides are in phase under normal running conditions and the relay is ensured to be inoperative.
3. The neutrals of C.T. star and power transformer stars are grounded.
4. Many transformers have tap changing arrangement due to which there is a possibility of flow of
differential current. For this, the turns ratio of C.T.s on both sides of the power transformer are
provided with tap for of C.T.s on both sides of the power transformer are provided with tap for their
adjustment.
For the sake of understanding, the connection of C.T. secondaries in delta for star side of power
transformer and the connection of C.T. secondaries in star for delta side of power transformer is
shown in the Fig.1(a) and (b).
Fig 1
The restraining coils are connected across the C.T. secondary windings while the operating coils
are connected between the tapping points on the restraining coils and the star point of C.T.
secondaries.
With the proper selection of turns ratio of C.T.s the coils are under balanced condition during
normal operating conditions. The C.T. secondaries carry equal currents which are in phase under
normal conditions. So no current flows through the relay and the relay is inoperative.
With an internal fault in power transformer windings, the balance in the C.T.s get disturbed. The
operating coils of differential relay carry currents proportional to the difference of current between the
two sides of a power transformer. This causes the relay operation which trips the main circuit
breakers on both the sides of the power transformer.
The basic requirements of the differential relay are,
1. The differential relay must not operate on load or external faults.
2. It must operate on sever internal faults.
The relay satisfying these requirements is used in Merz-Price protection.
It is important to note that this scheme gives protection against short circuit faults between the
turns i.e. interturn faults also. This is because when there is an interturn fault, the turns ratio of power
transformer gets affected. Due to this the currents on both sides of the power transformer become
unbalanced. This causes an enough differential current which floes through the relay and the relay
operates.
1.2 Merz-Price Protection for Star-Star Transformer
The Fig. 3 shows the Merz-Price protection system for the star-star power transformer. Both
primary and secondary of the power transformer are connected in star and hence C.T. secondaries.
The operating coils are connected between the tapping on the restraining coil and the ground. The
operation of the scheme remains same for any type of power transformer as discussed for star-star
power transformer.
Example : A three phase power transformer having a line voltage ratio of 400 V to 33 kV is
connected in star-delta. the C.T.s on 400 V side have current ratio as 1000/5. What must be the C.T.
ratio on 33 kV side.
Assume current on 400 V side of transformer to be 1000 A.
Fig. 4