Scale:

A ratio scale tells us what 1cm represents in centimetres eg

1:100,000 means 1cm represents 100,000 centimetres. When
converting from ratio scale to metres you take off the last 2
zeros
eg 1: 100,000 becomes 1000 metres. And vice versa when
converting from metres to ratio add 2 zeros eg 500 metres
becomes 1:50,000
Fill in the blanks below
Ratio scales
Sentence scale

___ kilometres

1: 200,000
1: 100,000
1: 75,000
1: 50,000
1: 25,000
1: 10,000
1: 5000
1: 1000

km
1 km
0.75 km
______
0.25 km
______
0.05 km
______

1 centimetre represents 2000m

1 _______________________
1 _______________________
1 centimetre represents 500m
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________

Maps drawn on progressively smaller scales increase the area of

the earth that can be shown, but reduce the amount of detail that
can be included. Maps drawn on progressively larger scales
decrease the area that can be shown but enable more detail to be
shown. This means, for example, that a map drawn to a scale of
1:20,000 covers a smaller area of the earths surface but shows
much more detail than a map drawn to a scale of 1:100,000.
Because the scale of a map shows the relationship between
distances on the map and distances on the ground it can be used
to calculate distances and areas.

MCPEL5 Cf
Of

UK SHIPS
- BUT

A MOPEL- & A SKIP OP 120 MSTC?ES. MJ

A*JC? WHR A

TO ee. eua; i?4e

MAKER (SdOU-P PO tJOJU? 6 7>

OUT A

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UDUU? PKbC*J THE &(&. MOP61.- 6^) o?
-5CALS M9P&L Rf U A

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to 5co
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/OK. A$ A KATIO

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IW

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OF A f?EPRESE*JIAr/VE
OF UWlfS og THe NW AUP

THE

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CM OO THEIOO, OOO

ooe.

$0, ooe

ee

A L/ME

, THE PC^TA/OCS

oo A MAP CAW

To
OK

20

ARE
WHAT p(STAAJC R566-

/WTD
REPKES0JT OO THE AKVc
OF

MAP? 5m<; tAiase

MAPS

MAF^?

ear

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2$

30 KM

3HJ.

car*/

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ooo'os? : i

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ooo'oos : J

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CMC?

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300

Nlame

Using a Scale
On the map below, place in these features, using a scale of 1 cm = 10 km.
You may place the features in any suitable spot.
1. A lake 10 km x 10 km.
3. Mountains 15 km x 5 km.
5. Farming land 30 km x 50 km.

RJ.C. PUBLICATIONS

2. A city 5km x 10km.

4. A forest 70 km x 30 km.
6. Factories 5 km x 5 km.

Maps and Mapwork

1. Compass Directions
1. What are the four main cardinal directions?
Your answer:

One way to remember the order of the four main compass directions is to
make up a rhyme e.g. naughty elephants squirt water
2. What rhyme would you use to help you remember these directions?
Your answer:

3. What are the eight main compass directions?

Your answer:

4. What are the sixteen compass directions?

Your answer:

5. Look at the simple map below. What direction must Philip go to get to
the following places in the table?
What direction is it from:
Philip to the factory
Philip to School
Philip to the Football Ground
Philip to Saras House
School to the football ground
Saras house to the factory
Football ground to the factory

Your
answer

Direction in the Pork

Pork
eodow

'vi,c.st
G,ave-

tl

"u

On your copyof the plon - colourthe lokein BLUE,the pothsin

BROWN,the woodsin 6REEN,ond bandslondin REDondthe swingsin
YELLOW.
2. Youore stondingot the bondstondfocingNORTH..........
o. Whichgroteis onyourright?
b. Whichgoteis onyour lett?

c. Whichgoteis opposite
North gate?
d. In whichdirectionore the swings?
e. In whichdirectionis the lake?

f . In whichdirectionorethetrees?
3 . ON yOURPI-ANmorks CAFEto the southeostof the bondstand
4. Msrkon q footboll pitchto the northwestof the bondstond.
5. Youore in the csf. In whichdirectionwouldyouwolkto reochthe
bondstond?
6. Youwont to wolkfrom the lsketo the swings.In whichdirection
wouldyou hsveto wolk?

Name

Compass Directions
Use compass directions and the map to answer the questions below.

1. Which town is north-west of Fredtown?

2. Alicetown is almost due

of Fredtown.

3. In which direction do you travel to get from Alantown to Suetown?.

4. Sarahtown is due

of Alantown.

5. You must travel

to get from Suetown to Billtown.

6. Sarahtown is

of Billtown.

7. Make up directions that will take you to each town.

JR.I.C. PUBLICATIONS

Church

shop

school
Post
office

Fish and chips

Find the bearings listed below:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

The bearing from the Post Office to the shop.

The bearing from the Fish and Chips to the Church.
The bearing from the school to the shop.
The bearing from the shop to the Post Office.
The bearing from the Church to the shop.
The bearing from the Fish and Chips to the Post Office.

If you know that 1 cm on the map is the same as 1 km in real life.

Find the distances listed below:
1.
2.
3.
4.

The
The
The
The

distance
distance
distance
distance

from the
from the
from the
from the

Post Office to the Fish and Chips.

School to the Post Office.
Shop to the Church.
Church to the Post Office.

Name

Find the Treasure

^
s

Use the compass directions and scale to find the

pirate treasure.

m
1. from the base palm tree,
west, and put a circle.
2. from the circle, walknorth 100 m and
0
150
300m
- that spot
, _
r
nwrK^Tnat
spw with a square.
3. from the square, wal^lSO m east and draw a cave.
4. from the cave wal^ 300 m nortfl and draw a tombstone.
5. Wat^lOO m west from the tombstone and draw a small swamp.
6. from the swamp, wal&QQ m south and draw a large roc^
7. Leave the roc^andwal^westfor300 m. <Draw an old hut.
8. from the hut, wal^lSO m north and draw the treasure chest, you
a
found it. The treasure is yours. Colour in the island to mafe it '
pirates island.

SCALE: 1 cm = 50 m

R.I.C. PUBLICATIONS

Scale: 1cm = 1km

Hilton
Acton

Denton

Eaton
Foxhanr
1. How far is it from Acton to Bilton?
2. What is the distance between Denton and Foxham?
3. How far is it from Eaton to Bilton?
4. What is the distance between Eaton and Foxham?
5. Which is the shortest distance between Carlton and Foxham?

6. What is the difference between the distance from Carlton to Denton, and the
distance from Acton to Eaton?

Name

Monster Island
Use the scale below to answer questions about the map.

SCALE 1 cm = 5 km
0
15
30km
1. How far is it from the lighthouse to the windmill?_
2. What is the distance between the house and the windmill?
3. How far is the castle away from the cave?
4. What is the distance between the lighthouse and the dinosaur?5. How far is it between the lighthouse and the house via the castle?6. What is the distance between the house and the sea monster via the cave?_
R.I.C. PUBLICATIONS

MEASURE ISLAND

Hermit's Hut

/-:>*,rSi Bottle-River
jelly Hills

10km

How far from:

1. Sand City to Chickenburg?
2. Chickenburg to Gnomevilie?
3. Gnomevilie to Pigeonton?

14. What could you use to work out the

length of the coastline? One of the
place names tells you.

4. Pigeonton to Maggieville?
5. Maggieville to the bridge?
6. Maggieville to Toad Town?
7. Toad Town to Bimbo City?
8. Bimbo City to Bubble Beach?.

9. Bubble Beach to String City?_

10. String City to Sand City?
11. Toad Town to Antville?
12. Sand City to the Hermit's Hut?
13. How far is it around the island by
road?

15. In summer people flock to visit the

Big Cabbage 30 km south of
Chickenburg. Draw it there.
16. Jim lives under some rocks 10 km
west of Maggieville. Draw him there.

GRIDREFERENCES

g.l 4-ngunr
(r)
REFEnENcEs
31
N

^+

t,r
+

+ +
^+

+^ +

Clive's
h lood

+,1

6h.,-:'",,

^' l

++
+/

/r

--

secondary
road
bridlepath

^
+

CNerWelch
27L
02

--,river

LakeVirginia

)t

bridge

parkingarea

publicconvenience
(toilet)

uer I rP rttr

05

Give a 4-fiUre grid reference to locate Lake Virginia

Give two 4-fi$ure 6frid references to locate th.e northern part of Clive's Trood.

Give the 4-fi$ure $rid reference for the bridge, which carries the BP45 road
over the River Treich.
In gFid square 05e8, mark in a bridle path which joins the B45 road to Lake
VirSrnia.
In $id square 04?,8,mark on the south side of the road a parking area and
toiiets.
In glid square 0?,27, south of the river, locate a ca.:npingarea.

NAAIE
CEOONAPEY
fEgTS
SKII,LS

DATE
.IOENMI]RNJtr

36

7.7

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 134135

Map skills

7.8

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 136137

Map skills

How do we use six figure grid references?

How is height shown on a map?

Six figure grid references can be used to give the exact position of a place on a map.
u The first three numbers tell us how far to go along the bottom or top of the
map. The third number tells us the number of tenths of a grid square.
u The last three numbers tell us how far to go up the sides of the map.
The sixth number tells us the number of tenths of a grid square.
u On a map you will have to estimate the tenths of each grid square.

Below is a relief map of the British Isles. The map

uses layer colouring to show height above sea level.

Key

N
More than 300 m
100300 m
Less than 100 m
Main towns

16

17

Sch School

18

26

Church

S COTL AN D

26
P
inn
er L
Riv

PADLEY

Burr

Wood

Mill
Sch

25

Post Office

Telephone

PH Public house

Picnic site

Fm Farm

Bridge

LC Level crossing

Railway
station

25

Woodland

N ORTH ERN
IREL AN D

Path

Sch
P

PH

24

Nab Fm
Dingle Fm

WAL ES

ds

24

EN GL AN D

CAUSEY

Cot

sw

ol

Ch

rn

Low Fm

il t e

PH

LC
ELDON

23

23
16

1

17

18

1 Show height on the map by layer colouring using coloured pencils.

Add the following features to the map and key above using OS map symbols.
Camp site at 168243

Caravan site at 162242

Wind pump at 178237

Youth hostel at 174235

Orchard at 169241

Train station (closed to passengers) at 174231

2 Add three more features to the map and key.

Colour areas more than 300 metres dark brown.

Colour areas 100300 metres light brown.
Colour areas less than 100 metres green.
Complete the key.

2 Name the following highland areas on the map. Pages 133 and 137 in


the pupil book will help you.
Cambrian Mountains
Lake District
Pennines
Scafell Pike
Snowdon
Southern Uplands

3 Name the following cities and towns on the map. Page 133 in the


pupil book will help you.

u
u

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

u
u
u
u

Belfast
Birmingham
Cardiff
Manchester
Newcastle upon Tyne

186

Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

Edinburgh
Norwich

187

Glasgow
Plymouth

London
Southampton
Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

7.7

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 134135

Map skills

7.8

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 136137

Map skills

How do we use six figure grid references?

How is height shown on a map?

Six figure grid references can be used to give the exact position of a place on a map.
u The first three numbers tell us how far to go along the bottom or top of the
map. The third number tells us the number of tenths of a grid square.
u The last three numbers tell us how far to go up the sides of the map.
The sixth number tells us the number of tenths of a grid square.
u On a map you will have to estimate the tenths of each grid square.

Below is a relief map of the British Isles. The map

uses layer colouring to show height above sea level.

Key

N
More than 300 m
100300 m
Less than 100 m
Main towns

16

17

Sch School

18

26

Church

S COTL AN D

26
P
inn
er L
Riv

PADLEY

Burr

Wood

Mill
Sch

25

Post Office

Telephone

PH Public house

Picnic site

Fm Farm

Bridge

LC Level crossing

Railway
station

25

Woodland

N ORTH ERN
IREL AN D

Path

Sch
P

PH

24

Nab Fm
Dingle Fm

WAL ES

ds

24

EN GL AN D

CAUSEY

Cot

sw

ol

Ch

rn

Low Fm

il t e

PH

LC
ELDON

23

23
16

1

17

18

1 Show height on the map by layer colouring using coloured pencils.

Add the following features to the map and key above using OS map symbols.
Camp site at 168243

Caravan site at 162242

Wind pump at 178237

Youth hostel at 174235

Orchard at 169241

Train station (closed to passengers) at 174231

2 Add three more features to the map and key.

Colour areas more than 300 metres dark brown.

Colour areas 100300 metres light brown.
Colour areas less than 100 metres green.
Complete the key.

2 Name the following highland areas on the map. Pages 133 and 137 in


the pupil book will help you.
Cambrian Mountains
Lake District
Pennines
Scafell Pike
Snowdon
Southern Uplands

3 Name the following cities and towns on the map. Page 133 in the


pupil book will help you.

u
u

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

u
u
u
u

Belfast
Birmingham
Cardiff
Manchester
Newcastle upon Tyne

186

Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

Edinburgh
Norwich

187

Glasgow
Plymouth

London
Southampton
Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

7.9

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 136137

Map skills

7.10

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 138139

Map skills

How can height be shown on a map?

How do contours show height and relief?

There are three main methods of showing height above sea level on maps.
u Spot heights are numbers that show the exact height of a place.

Contour lines are a good way of showing height and relief on a map.
Contours that are close together show steep slopes. Contours that are far
apart show gentle slopes. The pattern of the contours tells us about the
features of the land.

u Contours are lines on a map which join up places which have the
same height.
u Layer colouring uses bands of different colours to show areas of
different heights.

Match each of the landform sketches below to the correct contour

pattern by writing the correct letter in the space provided.

1 Complete the contour map below by following the instructions.

1 Finish joining the dots
showing 10 to complete
the 10 metre contour.

2 Complete the 20 metre

contour by joining
the 20 dots.

Landform sketch

3 Complete the 30 metre

contour by joining
the 30 dots.

40

Letter

4 Complete the 40 metre

contour by joining
the 40 dots.

40
5 Colour land above
40 metres in brown.

30
A
40

30

30

40

B
20

6 Colour land between

30 and 40 metres in
orange.

20
30
7 Colour land between
20 and 30 metres in
yellow.

20
30

30
C

D
10

30

10

20

20

20

10
9 Colour land under
10 metres in dark
green.

20
10
10

10

20

Key
Over 40 m

Contour pattern

8 Colour land between

10 and 20 metres in
light green.

3040 m

2030 m

1020 m

Under 10 m

10 Use coloured pencils

to complete the key.

2 Complete the following sentences:

u The height at A is _____________ metres.

u The height at B is _____________ metres.
u The height at C is _____________ metres.
u The height at D is _____________ metres.

3 Mark the place that you think has the lowest height with an X.


NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

188

Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

189

Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

7.9

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 136137

Map skills

7.10

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations pages 138139

Map skills

How can height be shown on a map?

How do contours show height and relief?

There are three main methods of showing height above sea level on maps.
u Spot heights are numbers that show the exact height of a place.

Contour lines are a good way of showing height and relief on a map.
Contours that are close together show steep slopes. Contours that are far
apart show gentle slopes. The pattern of the contours tells us about the
features of the land.

u Contours are lines on a map which join up places which have the
same height.
u Layer colouring uses bands of different colours to show areas of
different heights.

Match each of the landform sketches below to the correct contour

pattern by writing the correct letter in the space provided.

1 Complete the contour map below by following the instructions.

1 Finish joining the dots
showing 10 to complete
the 10 metre contour.

2 Complete the 20 metre

contour by joining
the 20 dots.

Landform sketch

3 Complete the 30 metre

contour by joining
the 30 dots.

40

Letter

4 Complete the 40 metre

contour by joining
the 40 dots.

40
5 Colour land above
40 metres in brown.

30
A
40

30

30

40

B
20

6 Colour land between

30 and 40 metres in
orange.

20
30
7 Colour land between
20 and 30 metres in
yellow.

20
30

30
C

D
10

30

10

20

20

20

10
9 Colour land under
10 metres in dark
green.

20
10
10

10

20

Key
Over 40 m

Contour pattern

8 Colour land between

10 and 20 metres in
light green.

3040 m

2030 m

1020 m

Under 10 m

10 Use coloured pencils

to complete the key.

2 Complete the following sentences:

u The height at A is _____________ metres.

u The height at B is _____________ metres.
u The height at C is _____________ metres.
u The height at D is _____________ metres.

3 Mark the place that you think has the lowest height with an X.


NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

188

Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

NEW KEY GEOGRAPHY Foundations

189

Teachers Resource Nelson Thornes 2006

CONTOURS
1. Whencontourlinesore
close together it meons
t h e s l o p ei s _ .
2. Whencontourlinesore
widelyspocedit meons
t h e s l o p ei s _ .

TASKA
Copysentencest and2.
Studythe pictureson the left.
Add the wordsSTEEPor
GENTLEin the spoces.

CONTOURPATTERN5
A

A hillwith asteepwesternslope

A hill with two summits;

the southerlyone
is higher
A roundedhill with slopesof equol
steepness
A hill uritho steepnorth-easterlyslope

c
D

A hill with two summits:the

aasternon is
high""

osk B
Studythe contourpotterns1-5.
Motchthemup with the descriptions
A-E.
Write downthe motchingletters qnd
numbersin your book.

&LMB

SHOWIrc HEIGMON MfS

HOWHEI6HT rs SFfOWNON A ,lAP

Spot Hciglrts

Layer Colanning

Thesegivethee_height
of o
pointon the mop.Theyare shownos
o b_
dot ondeochdot haso
numbernext to it. The numbergives
the heighlin m_.
A
t_
pilloris olsousedto show
height. Theseore drownosa dot
insidea b_
triorEleonthe
map.

Height in metrcs obow sec level

gzo

'50

.250

.l l0

.2AO

Thiscanolsobe calledlayer
s-.
Areosof different height
are shownby bandsof different
colours.Brownis usuallyusedfor
ground,andgreenfor l_
hground.Thereclwaysneedsto be a
key. Layercolourirgis usedin
to shourheight.

'40

tl

norerhonmo
f]r-r

tl

aoo-3oo t]

bssrhonroo

Contours
Contoursore linesdrownono mop.
Theyjoin ploceswhichhsvethe
s_
height. Th"y ore usuclly
colouredb_.
Mostcontours
hovetheir heightmorkedonthembut
youmoyhoveto troce your finger
alongthe lineto find it. Sometimes
youwiflhoveto go to the contour
oboveor b_
to get the height.
Heightsore givenin m_.

Ouick
contour
test

k- Scale
torallmaps
onthisactivity
sheet

1 \'Vrite
downonefaccabouttheheightof all theiandaiong
contourX on contourmaoA.

2 Writedownonefactaboutall thelandthathasbeenshaded
on contourmaoB,

3 Whichof thesetwo contourmaps,C or D,

showssteeper
land?

4 Oncontour
mapE,
marhthe
top of the
hill with E
a,/\.

10
z80r
\

J,/

\-

Oncontour
mapF, write
'valley'along

110

130

thebottomof
tL hr r ov

'|

rvr q: rl ll oJ rr r

6 OncontourmapG,write 'valley'alongthe
bottomof thevalieyandwrite'ridge'along
rhetop of the ridgeof highland.

I#:t'!inw,ryi,:fri;r:';;;,y:,;;;"ffi
acroemap G. Traceyour route aul on the map.Rea
outthe heiahLas you craseeachcontour.Thie
shoul
tell ycu whtheryuur" qoing downinio a vdley or u?
O

7 a) on contourmapH, marka 'concave

slope'and
a 'convexslope'.A concave
slopestartsoff gentle
at thebottomandgetssteeper
towardsthetop.
A convexslopestartsoff steepat thebottomand
getsmoregentletowardsthetop,

ss

b) Drawcross-section
to showtheshapeof eachslopein the spaces
diagrams
below.
Concave
slope

Convex
slope

ld

"J