Legislaia cu privire la

OMG
Crearea OMG a impus adoptarea de legi
care s reglementeze utilizarea, cultivarea,
etichetarea i comercializarea acestora.
La nivelul Uniunii Europene, Parlamentul
European a adoptat urmtoarele legi:
*Directiva 1990/220/CE privind importul,
transformarea
i
utilizarea
OMG
n
alimentaia animal;
*Regulamentul 1997/258/CE privind utilizarea
OMG n alimentaia omului;
*Directiva 2001/18/CE privind diseminarea
OMG n mediul nconjurtor;
*Regulamentele
2003/1829/CE
i
2003/1830/CE ce reglementeaz utilizarea
OMG
ca
alimente,
etichetarea
i
comercializarea acestora;

n Romnia legile adoptate sunt:

*OG nr. 49 din 2000 privind cultivarea i
utilizarea OMG

Legislaia Romniei este n acord

cu reglementrile europene n
domeniu.
PROIECT FINANTAT DE COMISIA
EUROPEANA PRIN PROGRAMUL DE
INVATARE PE TOT PARCURSUL VIETII

Acest material este publicat in cadrul

Proiectului Multilateral Comenius :
Recreation by genetics : new ways
of life? derulat de Colegiul Tehnic
Latcu Voda Siret
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RESPONSABILA PENTRU EVENTUALA UTILIZARE
A INFORMATIILOR PE CARE LE CONTINE.

Editor :
Colegiul Tehnic Latcu Voda Siret
Coordonatori :
Rotaru Anghelescu Lacramioara Marinela

*Legea 214 din 2002 privind regimul de

obinere, testare, utilizare i comercializare a
OMG

Bologa Mirela

*Legea 265 din 2006 privind

mediului de contaminarea cu OMG

Publicat in martie 2009

*HG 173 din 2006 privind

produselor ce conin OMG

protecia

etichetarea

*Ordinele 237 i 471 din 2006 privind modul

de autorizare a cultivrii OMG

Comenius , Multilateral
Partnership Recreation
by genetics : new ways of
life?

Mustata Anca Laura

EFECTELE POZITIVE SI
NEGATIVE ALE
INGINERIEI GENETICE

2. Organisme utilizate ca i vaccinuri

3. Organisme rezistente la pesticide,
substane
chimice
folosite
n
combaterea bolilor i duntorilor la
plante
4.
Organisme
cu
productivitate
ridicat,
rezisten
crescut
la
factorii de mediu, cantiti crescute
de substane nutritive, capacitate de
pstrare ndelungat, posibilitate de
maturare dup recoltare etc.
Efecte
ale
modificate genetic

organismelor

Dei crearea i utilizarea OMG

este apanajul ultimelor trei decenii,
dezbarterile pe seama efectelor
acestora asupra omului i mediului, n
viitorul mai mult sau mai puin
ndeprtat, sunt dintre cale mai
aprinse.
Prerile
experilor
penduleaz ntre cele dou extreme,
de la ideea c OMG reprezint soluia
pentru
revoluionarea
domeniilor
medical, agricol i social pn la
aceea c sunt un pas spre distrugerea
speciei umane i a lumii n care trim.
Efecte pozitive
1.Organisme capabile s produc n
cantiti suficient de mari substane
necesare n tratarea unor boli ( ex.
insulina pentru tratarea diabetului
zaharat i hormonul de cretere
pentru tratarea nanismului hipofizar
= piticism)

OMG=Organisme

modificate

genetic
Organismul modificat genetic
este orice organism al crui material
genetic a fost modificat prin alte
metode
dect
ncruciri
i
recombinri naturale.
Materialul
genetic
este
reprezentat de acizi nucleici: ADN i
ARN.
Acetia
sunt
substane
complexe
ce
conin
n
form
codificat toat informaia ereditar
(motenit) a unui organism. Un
fragment de ADN conine una sau
mai
multe
gene,
fiecare

rspunztoare de transmiterea
manifestarea unui caracter.

La OMG un fragment de ADN

din celula unui organism este separat
i apoi transferat n celula altui
organism unde se va ataa ADN-ului
acestuia.n felul acesta organismul
care a primit fragmentul de ADN va
manifesta
caracteristicile
organismului de la care a fost
prelevat.
Primele
OMG
au
fost
bacterii(colibacili) crora li s-au
introdus
gene
necesare
pentru
sinteza unor substane ( insulin,
hormon de cretere). Mai trziu prin
aceste tehnici s-au realizat noi soiuri
de plante i animale.La ora actual
este posibil transferul de gene ntre
organisme din regnuri diferite: de la
plante la animale, de la animale la
plante, de la fungi la plante etc.
Printre cele mai spectaculoase tipuri
de modificare se numr i clonarea,
caz n care se d natere unui
organism identic cu unul din genitori.

Efecte negative
1. Sporirea reaciilor alergice
urmare a contactului cu OMG

ca

2.
Inducerea
rezistenei
la
tratamentele cu antibiotice la unele
bacterii patogene

The creation of GMOs imposed some

laws which would regulate their use,
cultivation , labelling and trading .

3.
Amplificarea
problemelor
duntorii culturilor

At EU level , the European Parliament

adopted the following laws:

cu

4.transferul accidental de gene de la

OMG la speciile slbatice
5. Diminuarea biodiversitii
6. Apariia de boli la om, plante i
animale corelate cu utilizarea OMG
( boli pulmonare, de piele, cancere).

The Directive of 1990/220/CE

regarding the import,modification &
use of GMOs in animal nourishment;
The Rules of 1997/258/CE regarding
the use of GMOs in human
nourishment;

The Directive of 2001/18/CE

regarding the dissemination of GMOs
in the environment;

The Rules 2003/1829/CE

2003/1830/CE and which settle the
use of GMOs as food , its labelling and
trading.

In Romania the adopted laws are :

The legislation regarding GMO

OG number 49/2000 regarding the

cultivation and use of GMOs ;

The Directives 237 and 471 of 2006

regarding the authorization for GMO
cultivation .
The Romanian Legislation is in
accordance with the European
regulations in domain

PROJECT FINANCED BY THE

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE
THROUGH LIFELONG
LERANING PROGRAMME
This material was published
within the Multilateral Comenius
Project:Re-creation by genetics :new
ways of life ?currently in progress at
Latcu VodaTehnical College Siret .

PUBLISHER :
LATCU VODA TEHNICAL
COLLEGE SIRET
COORDINATORS :
Rotaru Anghelescu Lacramioara Marinela

The law 214 of 2002 regarding the

conditions of obtaining , testing , use
and trading of GMOs ;

Bologa Mirela

The Law 265 of 2006 regarding the

environment protection against GMO
contamination ;

Bancescu Cristina

HG 173 of 2006 regarding the

labelling of the products that contain
GMO;

Mustata Anca Laura

Published in March 2009

2.Organisms used as vaccines ;

3.Organisms which are pesticide
resistant , chemical substances used
for fighting against plant diseases
and pests ;

Comenius
Multilateral Partnership
Recreation by genetics :
new ways of life?

THE POSITIVE AND

NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF
GENETIC ENGINEERING

Effects of the genetically modified

organisms
Although the creation and the
use of GMOs is the apanage of the
last three decades , the debates
regarding its future effects upon
people and the environment are
among the most vehement ones
.Expertsopinions oscillate between
two extremes:on the one hand is the
idea that GMO is the solution for the
revolutionizing
of
medicine
,
agriculture and social domains and
on the other hand is the fact that
GMO is related to the destruction of
human species and the world we live
in .
POSITIVE EFFECTS :
1.Organisms capable of producing
sufficient amounts of the necessary
substances
for treating different
diseases (for example :the insulin
used for treating diabetes and the
growth hormone used for treating
dwarfism);

4.Organisms with large productivity ,

high resistance to enviromental
factors , increased quantities of
nutritive substances , capacity of long
preserving , possibility of maturation
after harvesting .

GMO

Genetically

Modified

Organisms
A genetically modified organism is
an organism whose genetic material
was modified through other methods
than the natural ones.
The
genetic
material
is
represented by nucleic acids :DNA
and
RNA
.These
are
complex
substances which contain the whole
inherited information of a person in a
codified form . A DNA fragment is
composed of one or more genes , each
responsible of transmitting a certain
type of character .
the

At GMO a DNA fragment from

corpuscle of an organism is

separated and afterwards transferred

to the corpuscle of another organism
where it will attach to its DNA.In this
way the organism which received the
fragment of DNA will have the
characteristics of the organism from
which it was taken.

3.Amplification of the problems

with crop pests ;

The first GMOs were bacteria

(colon bacillus)which were given the
necessary genes for the synthesis of
some substances (insulin, growth
hormone ).Later new sorts of plants
and animals were created through
these
techniques.Nowadays
the
transfer of genes among organisms of
different types is possible:from plants
to animals, from fungi to plants ,
etc.Cloning is also one of the most
spectacular types of modification
where it is given birth to an identical
organism with one of the sires.

6.Appearance of certain diseases

in human beings , plants and
animals connected with the use of
GMOs
(lung
diseases,
skin
diseases or cancers).

NEGATIVE EFFECTS
1.Increase of allergic reactions as
a consequence of the contact with
GMOs ;
2.Induce of
the resistance to
antibiotic treatments of some
pathogenic bacteria ;

4.Accidental transfer of genes

from GMOs to wild species ;
5.Diminuation of biodiversity ;