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THE BLUE BOOK OF MISSIONS
1907
THE
Blue Book of Missions
FOR 1907
EDITED BY^-
REV. HENRY OTIS D WIGHT, LL.D.
for the Bureau of Missions
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY

New York and London
1907
Copyright 1907
By
FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY
[Printed in the United States of America]
Published, February, 1907.
PREFACE
The Blue Book of Missions for 1905 was a tentative
rather than a complete fulfilment of a purpose. Its publi-
cation brought assurances from many quarters that a Year
Book of Missions can satisfy a real need in the United
States and will be welcomed in many other lands.
The issue for 1907, then, has been prepared on the same
lines as the previous issue. The Mission statistics through-
out, including the statistical tables at the end of the book,
have been brought up to date. The directory of Missionary
Societies has been revised by the officers of the Societies
concerned, and is more complete as well as more accurate
than in the last edtition. Some articles found of little value
have been omitted from the third section of the book; the
list of important missionary literature has been rewritten,
and a memorandum of Bible versions has been added. A

careful survey of missionary progress in the world-wide
field has been inserted at the end of the first section for the
better comprehension of the meaning of the changes in dif-
ferent fields.
The notes on the countries in which lie the mission fields
are limited to territory that is beyond the bounds of Chris-
tendom, and, therefore, less known. They are primarily
intended to supply in small compass helps to reahzing the
remarkable success of missions among different races, the
steady progress of the kingdom, and the extent of the
regions yet remaining to be possessed by our Lord Jesus
Christ.
We have to admit that the facts about principal missdon-
aiy societies are compressed in so tenuous a consistency that
5
6 Preface
they suggest, rather than narrate, the energy and Christian

devotion common to all the societies, which are, in fact, we
again remark, but one single agency for teaching righteous-
ness and truth. So small a book cannot touch descriptively
the many religious and benevolent activities which stamp the
deeds of the church at home with likeness to those of the
Master; yet we have been impelled to indicate in outline
some of these works, classed in America as Home Missions;
without remembrance of these the term "Missions" is not
half defined.
We are under great obligations to the American societies
that have made this work possible, and only in less degree
to the many societies in other lands, from Finland to South
Africa and from Great Britain to New Zealand, which
have cordially aided it. So our issue for 1907 goes forth
desiring above all else to aid its readers to realize the gi-an-
deur of the plan to which they conform when they support
any of these faithful efforts to continue the enterprise
founded by Jesus Christ.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I
The Fields: page
Introductory Note 11
Africa 13
America 37
Asia ... 45
Malaysia 64
Oceania 69
Largest Cities 73
Progress in the Mission Field 80
Religious Statistics 91
PART II
The Societies:
America 101
Great Britain and Ireland 122
British Colonies 139
Continent of Europe 149
Woman's Work for Woman 161
Christian Literature 177
Bible Societies 177
General Literature 180
Various Special Organizations 183
8 Contents
PAGE
Conferences of Foreign Missionary Societies .... 186
Women's Committees for United Study of Mis-
sions 187
Bureau of Missions 188
Statistics of Protestant Foreign Missionary So-
cieties 189
PART III
Miscellaneous Notes:
Abbreviations for Names of Missionary Societies. 201

Chronological Table 206
Missionary Conferences in Germany 213
Recent books for Missionary Libraries 215
Missionaries and Governments 218
Training Schools for Missionaries 223
Roman Catholic Societies and Orders 224
Versions of Bible 230
United States Postage Rates to Foreign Countries 231
Cable and Telegraph Rates 232
Foreign Coins and U. S. Values 233
Metric Weights and Measures 235
Greek Church Calendar 236
Jewish Calendar 237
Mohammedan Calendar 237
Orthography of Geographical Names 238
Protestant Mission to the Jews 239
Izidex.,,, ,,.,.,,.,.,, ........ 240
PART I
THE FIELDS
"By myself have I sworn, the word is gone forth from
my mouth in righteousness and shall not return, that unto
me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear." —Isaiah
45:23.
"There is never a year in which it cannot be said that the

work is progressing. Sometime the progress is more marked
in one field than in another; there are seasons of exceptional
drought and there are times of marked blessing; but year
after year the area of the Divine tillage is increased and
some waste places are reclaimed; year after year the evi-
dence steadily grows that our labor is not in vain in the
Lord, and that the number of those who are being saved is
multiplied by the power of the Holy Spirit." London Mis- —
sionary Society Report, 1904.
"My brother, you can be at the front by making yourself
master of the missionary situation and informing your
—
people not begging them to take the missionary magazine,
but being the missionary magazine yourself."
R. F. Horton.
10
INTRODUCTORY NOTE
Perhaps the most significant fact in the Foreign Mission
enterprise to-day is the service rendered incidentally to it
by Governments seeking to extend the sphere of their com-

merce. Throughout the world artificial barriers have been
broken down; the gi'ip of pagan or Mohammedan abso-
lutism has been loosed from the people; the sword has been
torn from the nerveless grasp of Rajah and Sultan; Chris-
tian rulers directly or indirectly control the destiny of every
non-Christian nation excepting semi- Christianized Japan;
facilities of communication are steadily increased, and the
whole powder of the Christian Powei-s is exerted, if need be,
to open and keep open doors of friendly intercourse. When
the old prophet said to Zion, "Kings shall be thy nursing
fathers and their queens thy nursing mothers," no dream
more impossible of fulfilment could have been devised. But
with God all things are possible, and today we see the
dream realized.
This opening of doors on a vast scale introduce a new
question into missions. We no longer sit down with paper
and pencil and the census reports, and say, "In that land
are twenty million inhabitants and but fifty missionaries,
therefore, missionaries must be sent there." Instead, we
ask, "Where ought missionaries to go in order to advance
the whole great campaign which the God of Hosts is evi-
dently directing?" The more clear the evidence of Divine
ordering of results, the more solemn the duty of studying
the one great field of operations to know its strategic points.
A purpose to study the great defensive strongholds of the
non-Christian religions in order to discover where their re-
duction may be furthered by concentration of missionary ef-
fort, does not belittle the importance of any missionary
11
12 The Blue Book of Missions for 1907
effort elsewhere.Outposts serve as effectual centers in

their sphere. There are Christian churches in the province
of Canton in China, of which tihe roots spring from city
missions in San Francisco, Honolulu, and Singapore. The
purpose does imply, however, an attitude of mind toward
God's world-field of missions such as one would hold if the
points to be reinforced or freshly occupied could be chosen
by consensus of all the many bodies engaged in foreign
missions. Absolute unity of interest must control all who
are laborers together with Grod.
1. AFRICA
Abyssinia: An independent Christian kingdom of East-
ern Africa. Area, about 150,000 square miles. Population,
about 3,510,000. Religions: Christians (Coptic Church,
3,093,000; Roman Church, 7,000), 3,100,000; Jews, 60,000;
Mohammedans, 50,000 Animist fetish worshippers, 300,000.
;
Roman Catholic Missions are under control of the order of

the Lazarists of Paris. They report 12 European and 18
native priests, with 6 schools. There have been for many
years no Protestant Missions in Abyssinia owing to the re-
fusal of the Government to permit their residence. The
Swedish National Missionary Society has a mission on the
Abyssinian border, reported below under Eritrea, and which
has native evangeUsts among the Gallas.
Algeria: A
French possession in Africa. Area, 184,474
square miles. Population, 4,739,500. Religion: This is a
Mohammedan country, and the French policy is to limit
Christian missionary activity among Mohammedans by
rather strict police reg-ulations. There is, however, a very
considerable foreign Christian population in Algeria. There
are about 4,100,000 Mohammedans; 57,000 Jews, and
583,000 Christians (Roman Catholics, 527,000; Eastern
Churches, 25,000; Protestants, 31,000). The Roman Cath-
olics are under the Archbishopric of Algiei-s and report 385
priests with 132 stations and out-stations. The Protestant
congregaitions number 21, besides the North Africa Mission,
the French Society for Evangelization of the Jews, the
Swedish Missionary Society, Miss Trotter's Mission School
enterprise, and the PB. These missions have 6 stations and
32 missionaries, men and women.
Angola: A possession and colony of Portugal in West
Africa. Area., 484,800 square miles. Population, 4,119,000.
Religions: Christian (Roman Catholic, 815,000; Protes-
tant, 4,500), 819,500; Animist fetish worship, 3,290,000^
13
The Protestant Societies are the ABCFM, the BMS, the

ABMU, the ME, and the PB. The Swiss Philafrican Mis-
sion beginning an industrial enterprise. These societies
is
have 46 staitions and out-stations; 50 schools of all grades;

4,235 scholaiis under instruction; 6 hospitals and dispen-
saries; 2 publishing houses; 1,071 communicants, and 8,000
reputed Protestant Christians. The Roman Catholic estab-
lishments in Angola (the diocese of St. Paul de Loan da)
are ecclesiastically connected with the Province of Ulysippo
(Lisbon). There are 36 priests in charge, two of whom are
natives. They conduct 22 schools and have 8 special chari-
ties (orphanages, etc.)
British Central Africa: A
British protectorate estab-
lished on the western shores of Lake Nyasa and in the Shire
country to the south of that lake. Its area is 42,217 square
miles and its population (1901) is about 909,000, of whom
about 450 are Europeans and 250 are East Indians in Gov-
ernment service. The religions found here are Animist fet-
ish worshippers, 598,000; Mohammedans, 300,000; Chris-
tians (Roman Catholics, 1,000; Protestants, 10,000), 11,000.
The Roman Catholics report 10 missionary priests, with 2
schools. The Protestant Missionary forces are represented
by the Universities Mission among the Yao tribes, east of
the Shire River, south of Lake Nyasa, and on the Likoma
Island and at various points on the east shore of the lake;
the United Free Church of Scotland on the west shore of
the lake; the South Africa Dutch Reformed Ministers'
Union, in the Angoni hills, west of the lake; the Church of
Scotland at Blantyre in the Shire region, south of the
lake, and the Zambesi Industrial Mission, west and north-
west of Blantyre. All together, these societies report 376
stations and out-stations; ISO
missionaries; 977 native
workers 759 schools, with 52,504 scholars 19 hospitals and
: ;
dispensaries ; 2 printing houses, and 17,046 professed Chris-

tians, of whom about 8,000 are communicants.
British East Africa Protectorate: Area, 350,000 square
miles. Estimated population, 4,000,000, of whom 25,000
are Asiatics and about 500 Europeans. The islands
The Blue Book of Missions for 1907 15
of Zanzibar and Pemba, ruled by their native Sultans under

the same British Commissioner, have an area of 1,020
square miles and a population of about 200,000, of whom
10,000 are Asiatics and 500 Europeans. The religions
found in East Africa and Zanzibar are: Mohammedans
(the number in each case is an estimate), 800,000; Animist
fetish worshippei^, 3,161,000; Hindus, 20,000; Buddhists
and Confucianists, 5,000; Jews, 1,500; Christians (Oriental
Church, 500; Roman Catholics, 3,500; Protestants, 9,000),
13,000. The Roman Catholic missions report 6 stations,
with 5 schools. There are 38 missionaries, mostly belong-
ing to the Congregations of the Holy Ghost and of the
Sacred Heart of Mary. The Protestant missionary societies
working in this region are: The Church Missionary So-
ciety, the Church of Scotland, the United Methodist Free
Churches (British), the Neukirchen Mission Institute (Ger-
man), the Africa Inland Mission, the Scandinavian Alliance
of America, the American Friends (Industrial Mission),
and (Zanzibar) the Universities Mission to East Africa. All
together, these societies report 160 missionaries; 205 native
workers; 89 stations and out -stations 255 schools; 4,019
;
scholars; 3 hospitals or dispensaries; 1 printing house, and

9,072 professed Christians, of whom 2,806 are communi-
cants.
Points especially noteworthy in mission work in this re-
gion are: 1. The spread of a bastard, ignorant Moham-
medanism through a large part of the temtory, threaten-
ing to pre-empt the region before Christian missionaries in
numbers arrive. 2. The influx of European set-
sufficient
tlers; 3. The encouragement found by the German Neu-
and
kirchen Mission, as well as the Free Methodists to work
among the Gallas.
British Somaliland: A protectorate of Great Britain
in Eastern Africa. Area, about 68,000 square miles. Popu-
lation estimated at about 500,000. Religion: Mohammedan.
There are no missions in British Somaliland, <as the fierce
inhabitants do not permit a Christian to live, if they have
strength to compass his destruction.
Congo Independent State: A

vast region in West
Central Africa closely allied to Belgium and ruled by the
Kong of the Belgians. Area (estimated), 900,000 square
miles. Population (estimated), 30,000,000, of whom (1902)
2,346 are European or American. Religions: Animist
fetish worshippers, 29,370,000; Mohammedans,
600,000;
Christians, 32,000 (Roman Catholics, 17,000; Protestants,
15,000). The Roman Catholic missions are carried on by
the Algiers Missionary Society, the Belgian Foreign Mis-
sions Work, and the order of the Sacred Heart of Jesus.
These have 99 missionaries, with 48 schools. Other statis-
tics are not given. The Protestant missions are the ABMU,
PS, the BMS, RBMU, PB, FCMS, CA, and the Swedish
Society (Forbundets). Together, these societies report 656
stations and out-stations in the Congo State; 190 mission-
aries 1542 native workers 548 schools 16,600 scholars, and
; ; ;

cants.
A matter of great importance to the missions is the atro-
cious conduct of agents of the Belgian Commercial com-
panies in oppressing and maltreating natives. The impres-
sion has gone abroad among the people that the Christian
government is on the whole worse than that of the Arab
slave raiders. Missionaries have protested against the out-
rages; and one result h.as been what is to be expected from
—
small and small-minded officials attempts first to prevent
natives from visiting the missionaries, and next to silence
the missionaries by arbitrary use of power. There is some
talk of expelling Protestant missionaries from the country.
Meanwhile the infamies to which the natives have been
subjected have been followed by reprisals.
Dahomey: A French possession on the West Coast of
Africa. Area, 60,000 square miles. Population, about 1,006,-
000. Of
these nearly 700,000 are Animist fetish worship-
pers, 295,000 Mohammedans, and about 6,000 Christians
(Roman Catholics, 5,000; Protestant, 1,000). There are 22
Roman Catholic missionaries conned;ed with the Lyons Mis-
sionary Society, with 15 schools and 8 benevolent establish-
ments. The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, with a

station at Porto Novo on the coast, is the only Protestant
Mission. It has 2 missionaries, 45 native workers, 24 sta-
tions and and 1,400
out-stations, 10 schools, 712 scholars,
professed Christians, of whom 539 are communicants. The
missionaries of the Wesleyans in Dahomey are of French
nationality, and, therefore, are less obnoxious to the authori-
tiesthan Englishmen would be.
Egypt: A tributary province of Turkey, ruled by a
hereditary prince or Khedive under advisory control of
England. Area (exclusive of the Sudan), 400,000 square
miles. Population, (1897), 9,734,000. Religions: Moham-
medans, 8,979,000; Jews, 25,000; Christians, 731,000
(Roman Catholics, 56,000; Oriental Churches, 648,000;
Protestants, 27,000). The Roman Catholic missionaries are
from the Lyons Society for African Missions and the
Minor Franciscans of Rome. They number 94 foreign and
11 native priests, with 84 schools and 20 orphanages and
other charities. The Protestant societies working in Egypt
are the United Presbyterian (US), the Church Missionary
Society, the North Africa Mission, the Egypt General Mis-
sion, the Peniel Missionary Society, the Church of Scotland
Jews Committee, the London Jews Society, the International
Medioal and Benevolent Association (SDA), the Sudan*
Pioneer Mission (German), and the Kaiserwerth Deacon-
esses. Together, these societies report 166 stations and out-
stations, 70 missionaries, 682 native workers, 197 schools,
17,284 scholars, 16 hospitals or dispensaries, 1 publishing
house, and 32,600 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom
10,000 are communicants.
A
peculiarity of the missionary situation in Egypt is the
opportunity there offered for making known to Moham-
medans the real quality of the teachings of Jesus Christ. It
is an opportunity which calls for wise and persistent ac-
tivity. A plan
being pressed steadily for establishing a
is
printing establishment at Alexandria, which will publish

books and periodicals in Arabic, using the best talent in the
various missions in the editorial department.
Eritrea: An Italian colony in East Africa, bordering

on the Red Sea. Area, about 88,500 square miles. Popula-
tion, about 450,000, of whom (1899) 2,000 are Europeans.
Religions : Mohammedans, 100,000 Animist fetish worship-
;
pers, 320,000; Christians, 30,000 (Roman CathoUcs, 17,000;

Eastern Churches, 12,000; Protestants, 1,000); Jews, 500.
The Roman Catholic missionaries are Franciscans (Minor
Capuchins), and they have 53 priests and 4 schools, be-
sides other charities. The Protestant missionaries are those
of the Swedish National Society. They have on the borders
of Abyssinia 10 stations and out-stations; 34 missionaries,
men and women; 32 native workers; 15 schools, 356 schol-
ars; a hospital and dispensary; a printing house, and 566
professed Evangelical Christians, of whom 252 are com-
municants.
French Congo: A French possession in Western
Africa, extending from the Atlantic Ocean inland along the
right bank of the Congo River. Area, about 450,000 square
miles. Population estimated at about 10,000,000, but such
estimates are little more than guesses, since the interior is
still little known. Religions (any numbers given -are of the

same quality as those relating to population) Animist fet-
:
ish worshippers are said to number about 6,000,000; Mo-

hammedans, 3,500,000, and Christians (Roman Catholics,
5,000; Protestants, 1,000), 6,000. The Roman Catholic mis-
sions are connected with the Algerian Society, and have 46
missionaries and 26 schools. Protestant missions are con-
ducted by the Presbyterian Board (N) and the Paris Evan-
gelical Society. Together, these societies have 35 mission-
aries, 28 native workers, 13 stations and out-stations, 8
schools, 328 scholars, and 1,200 professed Christians, of
whom 700 are communicants.
French Guinea: Apossession of France in West Africa
Area, 95,000 square miles. Population, 2,200,000. Relig-
ions: There are estimated to be in this territory about
1,000,000 Mohammedans, 1,200,000 AnimLst fetish wor-
shippers, 1,000 Roman Catholic, and 500 Protestant Chris-
tians. The Protestant missionary enterprise is carried on
by the Pongas Mission, a West Indian mission undertaken

in order tomake amends to Africa "for the wrongs inflicted
upon it by England and her colonies." The SPG subsidizes
and otherwise aids the mission. The missionaries from the
West Indies are colored men specially trained for this
work. They occupy 8 stations. The Roman Catholic mis-
sion is conducted by 8 missionaries of the order of the Holy
Ghost and the Sacred Heart of Mary. They have 8 schools.
French Somaliland: A French protectorate (with a
colony at Oboek) on the Eastern coast of Africa. Area,
about 46,000 square miles. Population, about 198,000. Re-
ligions: Mohammedans, 150,000; Animist fetish worship-
pei-s, 40,000; Christians, 8,000 (Roman Catholics, 7,000;
Eastern Churches, 1,000). No missions are reported in this
region, and those reported as Christians are chiefly found
in the colony of Obock.
Gambia: A British colony and protectorate in Western
Africa, lying on both sides of the Gambia River. Area, in-
cluding both colony and protectorate, 4,569 square miles.
Population, 91,000. Religions Animist fetish worshippers,
:
50,000; Mohammedans, 35,000; Christians, 5,600 (Protes-

tants, 1,800; Roman Catholics, 3,800). The Protestant mis-
sionary working here is the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary
Society, with 9 stations and out-stations; 2 missionaries; 39
native workers; 4 schools; 448 scholars, and 1,500 professed
Christians, of whom 870 are communicants.
German East Africa: A German colony extending
from the coast of the Indian Ocean to Lakes Tanganyika
and Nyasa. Area, 384,000 square miles. Population,
8,000,000, of whom 1,500 are Europeans and 15,000 Asiatics.
The religions found in the colony are: Animist fetish wor-
shippers, 7,673,000; Mohammedans, 300,000; Hindus,
8,000; Buddhists and Confucianists, 2.000; Christians,
17,000 (Roman Catholics, 5,000; Protestants, 12,000). The
Roman Catholics report 43 missionaries at 4 stations, with
44 schools and 6 hospitals, 3,432 converts. The Protestant
missions are carried on by the German East Africa Society,
the Berlin, the Leipzig, and the Moravian Missions, the
Church Missionary Society, and the Univei'sities Mission.

Together, they have 109 stations; 227 missionaries; 356 na-
tive workers; 310 schools; 13,372 pupils; 3 hosjoitals or dis-
pensaries, and 12,199 professed Christians, of whom 3,436
are communicants.
The German missions at the north end of Lake Nyasa are
steadily progressing. The Universities Mission has taken
an advance step in sending unmarried women missionaries
to its station in the Kovuma River district, in order to try
to gain a hearing among native women.
German South West Africa: AGerman possession and
colony with an area of 322,450 square miles. Population
(estimated), 205,000, of whom about 5,000 are Europeans.
The native population consists of several different tribes.
The boundaiy between Bantus and Hottentots passes
through this territory. The Hereros and Ovambos of the
North are Bantus, and the Namaquas of the South are of
Hottentot stock. The "Bastards" are an uncla.ssed mixture
of Dutch, Bushman, Hottentot, and Malay blood, found also
in the South. The religions of the country are: Animist fet-
ish worshippers, 170,000; Christians, 30,000 (Roman Cath-
olic, 12,000; Protestants, 18,000). The Roman
Catholic
missions form the ecclesiastical prefecture of Cimbebasia.
They report 47 priests, and 30 schools, with 10,650 adher-
ents. The Protestant missions are conducted by the Rhen-
ish and the Finnish Missionary Societies. Together, these
societies have 58 stations and out-stations, with 72 mission-
aries, 78 schools, 4,304 scholars, and 12,772 professed Chris-
tians, of whom 4,000 are communicants.
The Rhenish mission stations in the central part of the
colony have been broken up through an outbreak of the
Herero tribes against the German colonists, springing from
seizures of land by the latter, and also, it is alleged, from
the intrigues of emissaries of the "Ethiopian movement."
The Mission is slowly recovering from the effects of this
outbreak, but the number of Christians is diminished.
Gold Coast Colony: A British colony in West Africa.
Area (including Ashantiland) about 71,300 square miles.
Population (1901), 1,486,000, of whom 650 are Eui'opeans.

Religions: Animist fetish worshippers, 1,412,000; Moham-
medans, 32,000; Christians, 41,000 (Protestants, 35,000;
Roman Catholics, 6,000). The Roman Catholic missions are
connected with the Lyons Society for African Missions, and
report 16 missionaries with 13 schools and 9 charities. There
appear to be 8 stations and out-stations. The Protestant so-
cieties are the Basel Society, the Wesleyan Methodist So-
ciety, the NBC (U. S.) and the SPG. Together, these re-
port 895 places where regular worship is held; 95 mis-
sionaries, men and women; 1,159 native workers; 260
schools; 13,153 scholars; 1 dispensary, and 34,935 pro-
fessed Christians, of whom 18,565 are communicants.
In colony there is steady progress in turning from
this
idolatiy, but Mohammedanism is making progress, gathering
in those of the people who abandon idolatry, but are not
ready to give up polygamy.
Italian Somaliland: An Italian protectorate and sphere
of influence in East Africa, lying north and east of
British East Africa. Area, about 100,000 square miles.
Population, about 400,000. Religions: Mohammedans,
350,000; Animist fetish worshippers, 'about 50,000. There
are no records of missions in this territory.
Ivory Coast: A
French colony and possession in West-
ern Africa. Area, about 116,000 square miles. Population,
about 2,000,000. Religions: Animist fetish worshippers,
1,800,000; Mohammedans, 200,000; Christians (Roman
Catholics), 1,000. There are no Protestant missions in this
territoiy. The Roman Catholics report 16 priests, 7 schools,
and 4 orphanages or other charities.
Kamerun: A
German colony and possession in West
Africa, adjoining Nigeria and extending from the French
Congo to Lake Chad. Area (estimated), 191,000 square
miles. Population (estimated), 3,500,000. Religion: Ani-
mist fetish worshippers, 2,900,000; Mohammedans, 500,000;
13,000), The Roman Catholic missionaries are from the
Pious (Pallotin) Society of Rome. The Protestant mis-
sions are those of the Basel Society, the German Baptists

of Berlin, and the American Presbyterians (North). To-
gether, these societies report 300 places occupied as stations
or out-stations; IIS missionaries, men and women; 302 na-
tive workei-s; 279 schools; 10,090 scholars; 7 hospitals or
dispensaries, and 13,152 professed Christians, of whom 6,-
773 are communicants.
The liquor traffic is a serious obstacle to progress in this
field. But
little by little the people are learning that to be
a Christian means much more than to make professions.

There is a steady increase in the number of those who lead
lives marked by moral principle.
Lagos: A British colony and protectorate in West Africa,
since May, 1906, included in South Nigeria. Area (includ-
ing the protectorate of Yoinibaland), 28,910 square miles.
Population (estimated 1901), 1,500,000, of whom 308 are
Europeans. Religions: Animist fetish worshippers, 1,380,-
000; Mohammedans, 70,000; Christians, 47,000 (Roman
Catholics 15,000, Protestants 32,000). The Roman
Catholic missions belong to the Lyons Institute for African
Missions. They report 27 priests, 24 schools, and 16 or-
phanages or other charitable works. The Protestant mis-
sionaiy societies are the Church Missionary Society, the
Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, the Southern Bap-
tist Convention (U. S.), and the National Baptist Conven-
tion (U. S.). These societies together report 189 stations
and out-stations; 55 missionaries; 317 native workers; 110
schools; 6,394 scholars; 3 hospitals and dispensaries, and
cants.
The paramount Chief of Abeokuta in the Lagos Protec-
torate \Tsited Great Britain in 1904 and expressed in suit-
able terms to the CMS and the Bible Society his recogni-
tion of the benefit carried to his nation Avhen missionaries
took them the Bible.
Liberia: An independent republic on the West coast of
Africa originating in the colonization of freed slaves, chief-
ly from America. Area, about 35,000 square miles, of
which but a narrow strip is effectively administered by the

government, the interior being largely in the hands of sav-
age tribes. Population, about 2,060,000, of whom 60,000
are of American origin. Religion: Christians (Protestants),
65,000; Animist fetish worshippers, 1,995,000. Missionary
operations are carried on by the Protestant Episcopal Do-
mestic and Foreign Missionary Society, the Methodist Epis-
copal Missionary Society, the Board of Foreign Missions of
the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of
the U. S. of America, and the African Methodist Episcopal
Church of the U. S. These societies together report 168
stations; 93 missionaries; 182 native workers; 73 schools;
4,506 pupils; 2 dispensaries; 1 printing enterprise, and
14,900 professed Christians of whom 7,252 are conmiuni-
cants. The Lutheran Mission is attempting to open a series
of stations among the tribes of the inland districts.
Madagascar: The third larges,t island in the world. It is
classed as an African island, although Malay blood pre-
ponderates in the population. It is a colonial possession
of France. Area (with its adjacent islands, including the
Comoro Is.),about 227,750 square miles. Population

(1901), 2,305,000. Religions: There are estimated to be
in the island and dependencies: 1,975,000 Animists; 6,000
Mohammedans; 2,000 Hindus, and 517,000 Christians (Ro-
man Catholics, 79,000; Protestants, 438,000). The Roman
Catholic missionaries are reported to number 51, with 348
stations and out-stations. The Protestant missionaries are
connected with the LMS, the Paris Society, the Friends
(English), the Norwegian Missionary Society, and the SPG.
These societies together have in Madagascar 1,852 stations
and out-stations; 227 missionaries, 5,816 native workers;
1,951 schools; 92,126 scholars, and 355,717 professed Chris-
tians. A terrible epidemic of malarial fever destroyed
many lives in Madagascar in 1903.
A matter seriously effecting the mission schools is the
new education law, which suppresses, after January 1, 1905,
Government aid to private schools, and forbids the attend-
ance of children over 13 years of age at private schools un-
less for special industrial or normal training. The effect of

enforcing this law is to reduce numbers. In the Betsileo
districts French rule seems to pamlyze the progress of the
people.
Mauritius: An island and British colony lying east of
Madagascar and commonly reckoned among the islands de-
pendent upon Africa. Area, 705 square miles. Population
(1901), 370,000, the larger part of whom are negi'oes. Re-
ligions: ffindus, 206,000; Buddhists and Confucianists,
3,000; Mohammedans, 41,000; Christians, 120,000 (Roman
Catholics, 113,000; Protestants, 7,000). The Roman Cath-
olic clergy are 48 in number (6 Jesuits, 11 from the Con-
gregation of the Holy Spirit and Sacred Heart of Mary,
and the remainder parish priests). Protestant missions are
the CMS and SPG, with 2,641 baptized Christians.
Morocco: An independent Mohanmaedan empire in
North Africa. Area, about 210,000 square miles. The
southern frontier, however, is not defined. Population (es-
timated), about 5,500,000. Several authorities insist that
2,750,000 is more nearly correct. Religions The religion of
:
the State is Mohammedanism, with about 5,000,000 adher-

ents. Jews number 150,000, Chiistians, 9,000 (Roman
Catholics, 5,000; Eastern Churches, 3,000; Protestants,
1,000), and about 300,000 are pagan Spirit woi-shippers,
though generally reckoned as Mohammedans. The Roman
Catholics report 36 priests in Morocco. The Protestant
missionaries belong to the North Africa Mission and to the
Gospel Missionary Union (U. S. A.). The NAM
reports 25
missionaries, of whom 19 are women 7 stations 6 hospitals
; ;
or dispensaries, and 220 scholai-s under instruction. There

is little religious liberty in Morocco, and while missionaries
are constantly encouraged by inquiry as to the doctrines of

Christianity, they have baptized but few Mohammedans.
Nigeria: A British protectorate and possession in West
Africa lying on both sides of the Niger River and extending
northward and eastward to Lake Chad. It is divided for
administrative purposes into Northern and Southern Ni-
geria. Area, about 370,000 square miles (Northern Nigeria,
320,000; Southern Nigeria, 50,000). Population, about 25,-

000,000. Religions: Mohammedans, 10,000,000; Animist
fetish worshippers, 14,975,000; Christians, 24,000; (Roman
Catholics, 18,000; Protestants, 6,000). The Roman Catholic
missions are from the order of the Holy Ghost and Sacred
Heart of Mary, and have 9 missionaries, with 5 schools.
The Protestant missionary societies are the CMS, the UFS,
the Qua Iboe Mission, the Sudan United Mission, and the
Primitive Methodists. These societies report 102 stations
and out-stations; 109 missionaries, men and women; 198
and 5,955 professed Christians,
schools, with 4,817 scholars,
of whom 2,053 are communicants.
The importance ofthis region as a point from which to
reach the many tribes formerly subject to the Sokoto King-
dom cannot be overestimated. Since the British forces be-
gan to open up the country, it has been found that there
is a large pagan element in the population. The CMS is
pressing forward in Northern Nigeria. The Lagos terri-
tory was formally added to South Nigeria in May, 1906,
too late to combine the statistics in this article.
Portuguese East Africa: A possession and
colony of
Portugal. Area, 301,000 square miles. Population, 3,120,000.
Religion: Animist fetish worshippers, 3,000,000; Moham-
medians, 100,000; Hindus, 3,000; Christians (Roman
Catholics, 10,000; Protestants, 7,000), 17,000. The Protes-
tant missionary forces are represented by the Universities
Mission (Unangu), the SPG, the ME, and the Free Meth-
odists of America, the WMS, and the Swiss Romande Mis-
sion. These societies together have in this region 56 mis-
sionaries, men and women 186 native workers 150 stations
; ;
and out-stations; 76 schools, with 1,759 pupils; 1 hospital;

1 dispensary, and 7,100 professed Christians, of whom
2,013 are communicants. The ABCFM has newly occupied
a station at the seaport of Beira.
The Roman Catholic body is under the control of the
ecclesiastical district of Mozambique. Twelve priests are
reported, of whom 6 are Jesuits.
Characteristics of this field are: (a) the control of the
country by Portuguese and other commercial companies,

which do not interfere with, but do not help missions; (b)
the temptations to drink and debauchery issuing from the
chief trading centers; (c) a curious reaction toward heathen
customs, which is becoming a test of genuineness and em-
phasizing the distinction between Christian and non-Chris-
tian tribesmen.
Portuguese Guinea: A possession and colony of Portugal
in West Africa. Area, including adjacent islands and the
Cape de Verde Islands, 6,280 square miles. Population,
1,009,000. Religions: Animist fetish worshippers, 579,000;
Mohammedans, 170,000; Christians (Roman Catholics),
260,000. No
Protestant missions have entered Portuguese
Guinea. The Roman Catholic ecclesiastical connection is
with the Cape de Verde Islands. The number of priests is
reported as 42.
Rio De Oro : A
Spanish possession in Africa adjoining
Morocco on the Atlantic Ocean. Area, about 243,000 square
miles. Population, 1,000,000, almost all Mohammedans.
There are no Protestant missions in this country.
Rio Muni: A
Spanish possession of the Gulf of Guinea,
West Africa, lying south of Kamerun. Area, about 9,000
square miles. Population (estimated), 40,000. With this
may be grouped the islands of Fernando Po, Corisco, and
Anno Bon, also belonging to Spain. Area, about 850 square
miles. Population, about 34,000. Religions in the islands
and the colony on the mainland: Animist fetish worship-
pers, 60,000; Christians, 7,000 (Roman Catholics, 6,500;
Protestants, 500). The Roman Catholic missions are car-
ried on by the Spanish Congregation of the Sacred Heart
of Mary. They report 14 stations and out-stations, and 24
priests. Protestant missions are carried on by the Pres-
byterian Church of the U. S. (N) in the Rio Muni terri-
tory^ on the mainland, with 5 stations and out-stations; 5
missionaries; 17 native workers; 7 schools; 150 scholars,
and about 600 professed Christians, of whom 200 are
Church members. On the island of Fernando Po, the primi-
tive Methodists have a mission, with 4 stations and Qut-
stations; 3 missionaries; 4 native workers, and 100 pro-

fessed Christians.
Sahara: A gi-eat wilderness lying south of Algeria,
Tunis, and Tripoli, and stretching from Egypt westward
across the continent of Africa. It is in the French sphere
of influence, but is inhabited by nomad tribes, which have
not yet acknowledged French authority. Area, estimated at
about 1,500,000 square miles. Population unknown, but
estimated at about 2,500,000, all, nominally at least, Moham-
medans. There are no Protestant missions in this inhospi-
table region. Roman Catholic missions have been established
on the southern borders of Algeria by the Algerian Mission-
ary Society.
Senegal: A French colony in West Africa, lying between
the River Gambia and the Sahara, and extending along the
Atlantic coast to the Spanish possessions of Rio De Oro and
Adrar. With the adjacent protectorate the area is about
200,000 square miles, and the population about 3,200,000.
Thp religions found in the colony are: Mohammedans,
1,800.000; Animist fetish worshippers, 885,000; Christians,
15,500 (Roman Catholics, 15,000; Protestants, 500). A
Protestant mission is conducted by the Paris Evangelical
Missionary Society with 3 missionaries and 2 schools.
Senegambia: A Frencli protectorate in Africa occupying
the major part of the region between the Sahara and the
Niger, formerly known to Europeans as the West Sudan,
the name having been changed by the French. Area, 210,000
square miles. Population, Religions: Moham-
3,000,000.
medans, 2,500,000; Animist worshippers, 499,000;
fetish
Christians (Roman Catholics), 1,000. There are no Protes-
tant missions reported in this little known region. The
population and even the area, although taken from the
French colonial reports, are mere estimates, subject to large
correction. Mohammedan fanaticism, or the dread of it
among French officials, is a barrier against residence by

Christians. In Senegambia the Roman Catholics have about
20 priests and some schools.
Sierra Leone: A British colony and protectorate on the
West Coast of Africa, formerly a depot for slaves, freed

by warships on the high Area, 34,000 square miles.
seas.
Population, 1,077,000. Religions: Animist fetish worship-
pers, 1,005,000; Mohammedans, 18,000; Christians, 53,000
(Roman Catholics, 5,000; Protestants, 48,000). The Roman
Catholic missionaries belong to the Order of the Holy Ghost
and the Sacred Heart of Mary, and number 10, with 6
schools. They tend to increase their force and press the
work with more energy. The Protestant societies in the col-
ony and protectorate are the CMS, the WMS, the UMFC,
the Wesleyan Methodist Connexion of America, the UB, and
the CA. Together, these societies (excepting the CA,
which gives no detailed statistics) report 180 stations; 42
missionaries; 802 native workers; 117 schools; 8,925 schol-
ars; 1 dispensary, and 44,010 professed Christians, of whom
17,696 are communicants. The major part of the work of
the CMS in the colony proper is carried on by the native
church. Fourah Bay College, maintained by the CMS,
trains native workers to a high standard. The work of the
mission of the United Brethren is carried on by educated
natives of Africa under a white superintendent.
South Africa: The British territories familiarly called
by the general name of South Africa, comjDrise Cape
Colony, Natal, Orange River Colony, Transvaal, Basutoland,
the Bechuanaland Protectorates, and the vast expanse of
land, both north and south of the Zambesi River, which is
now in process of development by the British South Africa
Company, and is known as Rhodesia, or called by the names
of the tribes inhabiting different portions of it, Matabilli-
land, Mashonaland, and in its northwestern part, Barotsi-
land.
This vast domain can hardly be made to take due place
before the mind by mere reference to the figures express-
ing miles of area. It may be compared in extent to West-
ern Europe, including Germany, Holland, Belgiima, France,
Italy, Spain,and Portugal.
The nature of the population of South Africa makes it
of enormous strategic importance with regard to any ques-
tion of civilization or the evangelization of the African

Continent. Its southernmost section is a province of
Christendom, with a large population of Europeans Brit- —
ish and Dutch —
and a colored population of mixed origin
which has, on the whole, adopted European ideas, habits,
and to some considerable extent, Christian principles. To
the northward, however, of this comparatively narrow belt
the vastly preponderatmg element of the population is one
or another tribe of that Bantu race, which has yet some-
what to say respecting the form of development these
territories shall take. South Africa has among its inalien-
able belongings a negTO problem. In essence, this problem
is merely that of recognizing in the native populations their
manifest destiny of fellow citizenship, hoping that a broad,

tolerant, miselfish spirit may rule both whites and blacks
as they find purpose and place for developing their great
wasted resources. The question waits, but will not always
wait unsettled. To us it is clear that the Gospel of Jesus
Christ is the solvent. Gospel principles must somehow
dominate both the enterprising, impatient and aggressive
white, and the easy-going but jealous and suspicious black.
These facts give enormous importance to the missionary en-
terprises thatabound in South Africa.
Basutoland: A British possession in South Africa. It
is governed by a Resident Commissioner under the Higher
Commissioner for South Africa. Population (1903), 348,-

000 of the Bantu race, native chiefs having authority in the
various districts.
Missionary enterprises: 1. The Paris Evangelical Mis-
sionary Society (1833) has 22 stations; 197 out-stations; 40
missionaries; 460 native workers; 205 schools; 12,436 schol-
ars. These schools include a normal school, an Industrial
School, a Bible Training School, a Theological Seminary,
and a High School for Girls. There is a publishing house
at Morija. There are 22,356 persons known as Christians,
of whom 14,950 are communicants. 2. The Society for the
Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign parts (1875) has 5
stations; 19 missionaries, and 14,021 professed Christians,
of whom 1,500 are communicants. 3. Basutoland forms a

part of the territory of the Roman Catholic Vicarate Apos-
tolic of the Orange River Colony. Statistics given by the
Church vary, but 4,000 seems to be a liberal estimate of the
number of Roman Catholics in Basutoland. The total num-
ber of professed Christians is, therefore, about 40,500.
Special points of importance in the missions are the ef-
fect of a severe famine, which, while scattering the people
somewhat, has diminished the number of native beer drink-
ing parties, and consequently the temptations of the pro-
fessed Christians. Notwithstanding the famine, the Paris
Society reports that its 197 out-stations have been supported
entirely by local native contribution. The "Ethiopian
movement" has drawn away a certain number of members
from some of the mission churches. On the other hand, a
number of those thus drawn away have returned repentant.
As in many other African fields, paganism shows a stub-
born power of resistance. The number of pagans still un-
moved by Christian teaching is somewhat over 300,000.
Bechuanaland Protectorate: A territory in South Africa
lying between the Molopo River and the Zambesi, and
ruled by native chiefs under the protection of the King of
England. Area, about 210,000 square miles. Population,
estimated at 200,000. Religions: Animist fetish worship-
pers, 185,000; Christians (Roman Catholics, 3,000; Protes-
tants, 12,000), 15,000. Protestant missionary forces in the
Protectorate are the London Missionaiy Society, the Wes-
ley an Missionary Society, and the Hermannsburg Society of
Germany. These societies together occupy 37 stations and
out-stations, with 24 missionaries; 251 native workers; 58
schools; 2,631 scholars, and report 9,147 professed Chris-
tians, of whom 1,511 are communicants.
The Khama of the Bamangwato tribe,
three great chiefs,
Sebele of the Bakwena, and Bathoen of the Bangwaketsi
have favored missionary effort in times past. Sebele has re-
Famine and rinderpest
cently taken a less friendly attitude.
have affected the land, scattering the people in search of
food. There has also been a tendency in some places to
;;
The Blue Book of Missions for 1907 31'
adopt the "Ethiopian church" theory. All these inflnences

have hampered missionary operations. Nevertheless, there
have been substantial gains, and there is evidence of im-
proved conditions in ail of the directions which have beer"
so depressing.
Cape Colony: Area, about 276,800 square miles. Popu-
lation (1904) 2,405,000. The religious classification of the
people is as follows Animist fetish worshippers, 1,226,000
:
Mohammedans, 21,000; Jews, 4,000; Christians, 1,141,000

(Roman Catholics, 23,000; Protestants, 1,118,000). The
Roman Catholic Church organization depends on the apos-
Vicarship of the Cape of Good Hope, and the number
tolic
of priestsis set down as 221. The Protestants are of the
Dutch Reformed Church, the Church of England, Presbyte-
rians, CongTCgationalists (Independents), Wesleyans and
other Methodists, Lutherans, Moravians and Baptists. All
these various bodies are doing effective work for the spirit-
ual enlightenment of pagans within and without the colony.
Besides these local agencies, several missionary societies are
working in the colony, viz., the Moravian Missions, the
London Missionary Society, the United Free Church of
Scotland, the Wesleyan Missionary Society, the SPG, the
Episcopal Church of Scotland, the Berlin, the Hermanns-
burg and the Rhenish Society of Germany, the African
Methodist Episcopal Church, and the National Baptist Con-
vention of America, the International Medical and Benevo-
lent Association (SDA) of America, the PB, and the Sal-
vation Army. These societies report 635 stations and out-
stations; 304 missionaries, men and women; 952 native
workers; 343 schools, with 18,544 scholars, and 64,666 pro-
Natal: A British colony on the East Coast of South
Africa, with an area of 42,000 sauare miles, and a popula-
tion (1904) of 1,109,000. The relisrions found in Natal are:
Animist fetish worshippers, 948,000 Mohammedans, 14,000
;
Hindus, 30,000; Buddhists and Confucianists, 12.000;

Christians (Roman Catholics, 21,000; Protestants, 72,000),
93,000. The Roman Catholics report 50 missionary priests
and 7 native clergy; 55 schools and 5 other charitable estab-

lishments. Eleven Protestant have enterprises in
societies
Natal, besides the local Anglican, Wesleyan, and Dutch Re-
formed congregations. These missionary societies are the
ABCFM, the UFS, the SPG, the South Africa General
Mission, the National Baptist Convention (U. S. A.), the
Berlin and the Hermannsburg Societies of Germany, the
Swedish Holiness Union, the Norwegian Missionary Society,
the Free Methodists of N. A., the SA, and the PB. To-
gether, these societies report 192 stations and out-stations;
106 missionaries; 612 native workers; 161 schools, with
7,016 scholars 2 hospitals or dispensaries ; 1 printing house,
;
and 26,000 native professed Christians, of whom 15,585 are

communicants. The pagans, who are 35 times as many as
the native Christians, hold to many of their pagan customs,
seeming to prefer not to be Christianized. The Christian na-
tives have an influence far greater than their small numbers
would lead one to expect. The Government of Natal has
lately adopted a policy of repression toward the natives
which hampers the missions.
Orange River Colony: A British colony in South
Africa. Area, 48,326 square miles. Population (1904),
365,000. Religions: Animist fetish worshippers, 115,000;
114,000. The Roman Catholic interests are in charge of 14
missionaries, and 2 native priests, with 13 schools and 2
other charities. Protestant missionary activities are largely
in the hands of the Dutch Reformed, the Wesleyan Meth-
odist,and the Anglican church. Besides the religious work
for both whites and natives conducted by these local church
establishments, the Berlin Missionary Society has 33 sta-
tions and out-stations in the Orange River Colony, with 18
missionaries, 148 native workers, 27 schools, 1,338 scholars,
and 6,091 professed Christians; of these 839 were baptized
during the last year, and 3,178 are communicants. The SPG
reports 1 missionary working among natives in this colony,
with 4 stations and out-stations. The Salvation Army has
10 corps or stations with 22 officers.
The native population, wliich had tended to gather in

towns during the war and had begun to return to the coun-
try districts, has again been driven from their homes by
prevalence of drought. Nevertheless, the mission stations
show life, and are recovering from the damage caused by
the war.
Rhodesia: The territory of the British South Africa
Company, extending from the Transvaal northward to Lake
Tanganyika and the Congo Free State. It is divided by the
Zambesi River into Northern and Southern Rhodesia. Its
area is about 264,000 square miles. The population is es-
timated at about 880,000, of whom 12,000 are Europeans,
and about 1,100 are Asiatics. The
religions found in
Rhodesia are Animist fetish worshippers, 840,000 ; Moham-
:
medans, 1,500; Hindus, 1,000; Jews, 1,000; Christians

(Roman Catholics, 5,000; Protestants, 20,000), 25,000. A
railway connects Bulawayo in Rhodesia with Cape Town;
another line connects it with Salisbury and, by way of Um-
tali, with the Portug-uese seaport of Beira, and still another
line has been carried to Victoria Falls on the Zambesi. All

of these lines are used by the missionaries as aids in their
enterprises. The Protestant missionary societies operating
in Rhodesia are the London Missionary Society in Matabili-
land and at the southern end of Lake Tanganyika; the
Paris Missionary Society in Barotsiland north of the
Zambesi; the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society
(USA) Umtali region, and the ABCFM, in the Mel-
in the
setter district —the
two last named regions being near the
frontier of the Portuguese possessions. These societies to-
gether have 112 stations and out-stations; 70 missionaries;
171 native workers; 82 schools, with 6,018 scholars; 2 dis-
pensaries, and 13,229 professed Christians, of whom 1,120
are communicants. There are also 3 corps of the SA.
The effect upon the natives of contact with white set-
tlers is a characteristic of this region at the present time.
There are many noble and just men among the settlers, and
the South Africa Company is careful to aid every effort to
improve the condition of the natives. But there are many
evil and unjust men among the settlers, and the easy-going
ethicswhich would justify any conduct that seems to be cus-
tomary in the land, result in infamies which make decent
men ashamed. The missionary is often impelled to make
expiation himself for wrongs inflicted on natives by white
men.
The Transvaal Colony: A possession of Great Britain
in South Africa. Area, 112,000 square miles. Population es-
timated to be 1,354,000. The religions found in this colony
are: Fetish-spirit worshippers, 1,033,000; Jews, 10,000;
290,000. The Dutch Reformed Church is the largest of the
different bodies comprised under the name Protestant. Five
missionary societies from abroad, besides the local churches,
work for the evangelization of the native population. These
are the WMS, the Berlin and Hermannsburg Societies, the
ABCFM, and the Mission Romande. All together, these
societies report 112 missionaries; 2,344 native workers, 289
stations and out-stations; 300 schools, with 14,674 scholars;
1 hospital, and 84,810 professed Christians, of whom 39,731
are communicants. Besides these there are 14 SA corps.
A is a tendency on the part of the
feature of the year
chiefs to interfere to prevent the young people from be-
coming Christians, and with evident purpose to maintain
the power of the witch doctors. While nearly one-fourth
of the population of the colony are of Christian name,
three-fourths are pagan and sometimes bitterly hostile to
Christianity. The "Ethiopian movement" has found a num-
ber of adherents among the existing churches. An im-
portant step in advance on the part of the missionaries
working in the Transvaal can be recognized in the organiza-
tion of an interdenominational conference for fellowship
and the discussion of current problems. The first meeting
was held at Johannesberg in July, 1904.
Sudan: The French government having abolished the
term "Sudan" as applied to the Western regions of Africa
Ijdng south of the Sahara, the name is used here as equiva-
lent to the term "Egyptian Sudan." It is under Anglo-
Egyptian rule. Its area is about 950,000 square miles (the

western frontier being as yet indefinite). Population, about
3,500,000. Religions: There are estimated to be in the
Sudan 2,500,000 Mohammedans; 990,000 Animist fetish
worshippers; 2,000 Jews, and 6,000 Christians (Roman
Catholics, 2,000; Oriental Churches, 3,000; Protestants,
1,000). The Roman Catholic missionaries number 14, with
10 schools and 4 orphanages. The Protestant missionaries
belong to the CMS and the UP, and are chiefly occupied
with the pagan tribes, since the British Government delays
permission for missionary propaganda among Mohamme-
dans. The societies together have 3 stations and out-sta-
tions; 8 missionaries; 3 native workers; 3 schools; 80
scholars.
The Sudan is slowly recovering from the desolating rule
of the ultra Mohammedan party which ruled under the
name of the Mahdi, and which destroyed more than half of
the population of some flourishing districts. The Govern-
ment schools are Mohammedan schools, supported by British
money. A new force in the Sudan is the immigration of
Christians from Egypt and Syria, of whom many are
Protestants.
Togoland: A German colony in West Africa, situated
between the Gold Coast Colony and Dahomey. Area (es-
timated), 33,000 square miles. Population (estimated),
900,000. Of these (1902) 159 are Europeans. Religions:
Animist fetish worshippers, 885,000; Mohammedans, 12,-
000; Christians, 6,100 (Roman Catholics, 1,500; Protestants,
4,600). The Roman Catholic body working here is the
Society of the Divine Work of Germany and Holland.
Twelve priests are reported, with 20 schools and 5 orphan-
ages and other charities. The Protestant societies are the
North German and the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary So-
ciety. These two societies together report 78 stations and
out-stations; 31 missionaries, men and women; lOi native
workers; 69 schools, with 3,111 scholars, and 4,600 pro-
fessed Christians, of whom 2,512 are communicants. The
North German Society opened a Deaconess Station at Lome
during 1903. This is the second such station in the mission,

and it promises a considerable extension of influence.
Tripoli (Africa): A province of Turkey, adjoining

Egypt and Tunis in North Africa. The southern limits are
undefined, but including Fezzan the area is reckoned at
about 400,000 square miles. Population, about 1,300,000.
The religions are: Mohammedans, 1,275,000; Jews, 10,000;
Christians (Roman Catholics), 6,000. Protestant missions
are represented by the North African Mission, which has
one station, with 6 missionary men and women, and a dis-
pensary.
Tunis: A
protectorate of France in North Africa, gov-
erned by the native prince or Bey, under direction of the
French Foreign Office. Area, about 51,000 square miles.
Population, about 1,900,000. Religions: Mohammedans,
1,735,500; Jews, 60,000; Christians (Roman Catholics, 115,-
000; Eastern Churches, 1,000; Protestants, 1,000), 117,000.
The Roman Catholic church in Tunis is under the direction
of the Archbishop of Carthage. The priests are set down
at 53. The Protestant missionaries are: The North African
Mission, the Swedish Young Women's Christian Association,
and the London Jews Society. Together, these societies have
30 missionaries at work at 4 stations, 2 hospitals or dispen-
saries, 5 schools, with 250 under instruction.
Uganda: A British protectorate in Central Africa. Area,
80,000 square miles. Population, 3,950,000, of whom about
500 are Europeans. The religions existing in Uganda are:
Animist fetish worshippers, 3,690,000; Mohammedans,
200,000; Christians, 306,000 (Roman Catholics, 46,000;
Protestants, 260,000).The Roman Catholic missionaries are
under the Algerian Missionary Society and have 46 priests,
with 13 schools. The Protestant missionary agency is the
Church Missionary Society, which has 162 stations and out-
stations; 102 missionaries; 2,500 native workers; 170
schools ;25,363 scholars, and 57,057 professed Christians, of
whom 6,396 were added in 1905. The number of communi-
cants is 14,259.
The first Christian instruction given in Uganda was that
of H. M. Stanley, the explorer (in 1875). His report led

to the establishment of the CMS mission. One of the great
features of the work of the societj'- is its extension into all
the provinces of the Uganda Protectorate. The mission
of the CMS is also reaching out to Gondokoro on the borders
of the Sudan and into the Congo Free State.
2. AMERICA
Note: Of the American continents, Latin America only
is included in this survey.
Mexico: The most progressive, perhaps, of the Latin
American republics. Area, 767,000 square miles. Population
(1900), 13,545,462. Of this number about 38 per cent, are
Indians but partly civilized, and 43 per cent, are of mixed
blood. Religions (1895) Roman Catholics, 13,380,245;
:
Protestants, 40,445; Jews, 8,972; other religions, 61,900.

Protestant missions in Mexico are as shown in the following
table, the names of the societies being arranged in the order
of their entrance into the country:
Names
OF IS
Societies. £5
Ah O
Am. Bapt. H. M. Soc 956 710 710

Prot. Episcopal 1870 900 1,400
Am.Fnends 1871 500 800 1,300
Am. Board C. F. Mis 1872 518 1,: 4,328
Presbyterian Bd. (N) 1872 1,345 4,000 5,014
Meth. Episcopal (South) 1873 5 814 5.814
Meth. Episcopal 1873 4,126 6,000
Presbyterian U. S. (South) 1874 384 3,225
South Bapt. Convention 1880 192 1,185 1,185
Woman's M E South 1881 3,017
Cumberland Pres 1888 50
"Brethren" 1890
Woman's Bapt. Home Mi» . . . 1893 50
Seventh Day Advent 1894
Chris.Worn. B'd Miss 1897 400
Total 216 600 816 169 11,538 1 4 20,638 38,864
No report received.
Central America— British Honduras: A

British crown
colony on the Caribbean Sea. Area, 7,562 square miles.
Population (1901), 37,479. Protestant missions are carried
on by the Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society at 24
stations and out-stations, with 4 missionaries; 42 native
workers; 13 schools; 1,074 scholars, and 3,600 professed
Evangelical Christians, of whom 2,011 are communicants.
Costa Rica: ACentral American republic lying between
Panama and Nicaragua. Area, 18,400 square miles. Popu-
lation (1892), 243,205. Religion: Roman Catholic. There
were in the Republic 3,021 Protestants in 1901. Protestant
missions are conducted by the Wesleyan Methodist Mission-
ary Society, the Central America Missionary Society, the
Jamaica Baptist Missionary Society. Together, these so-
cieties report 14 stations and out-stations; 9 missionaries;
21 native workers; 1 school; 106 scholars, and about 1,000
professed Evangelical Christians, of whom 448 are com-
municants.
Guatemala: The most western of the Central American
republics. Area, 48,290 square miles. Population (1900),
1,647,300, of whom about 12,000 are of European descent,
the greater part of the population Indians and half-breeds.
Religion: Roman Catholic. Protestant missions are car-
ried on by the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. (with 4
stations and out-stations; 3 missionaries; 5 native workers;
1 school; 35 scholars, and 41 communicants), by the Central
American Mission, with 3 stations; 10 missionaries, and 6
native workers, and by the Pentecost Bands, with 4 mis-
sionaries.
Honduras: A Central American republic lying between
Nicaragua and Guatemala. Area, about 46,250 square miles.
Population (including Roatan and Bonaco Islands, 1900),
about 5^7,000, besides an unknown number of untamed In-
dians. Religion: Roman Catholic. Protestant missions are
carried on by the Wesleyan Missionary Society, with 24
stations and out-stations, mainly on Roatan Island, 3 mis-
sionaries; 35 native workers; 13 schools; 375 scholars, and
2,550 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom 734 are

communicants.
Nicaragua: The largest of the Central American repub-
lics. Area, 49,200. Population (1900), about 500,000, of
whom 1,200 are of European blood, and 50,000 are Indians
as yet uncivilized. Protestant missions are carried on in
this republic by the Moravians on the Moskito Coast, and
by the Central America Mission at Managua and vicinity.
The Moravians have 32 stations and out-stations; 32 mis-
sionaries; 142 native workers; 3 schools; 118 scholars, and
6,231 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom 1,159 are
communicants. The Central America Mission has 4 mis-
sionaries and 5 native workers.
Panama: The republic of the canal. Area, 31,571 square
miles. Population (including uncivilized Indians), esti-
mated at 280,000. Religion: Roman Catholic. The Indians
of the mountains still hold to their pagan faith. Protes-
tant missions are conducted by the Jamaica Baptist Mission-
ary Society, the SPG, WMMS, the PE, the PN, the ME
and the SAMS. These societies all together report 11 mis-
sionaries; 13 stations and out-stations, and 993 professed
Evangelical Christians, of whom 493 are communicants.
Salvador: The smallest of the Central American repub-
lics. It is the only one, also, to have sea coast solely on the
Pacific Ocean. Area, 7,225 square miles. Population (1901),
1,006,848, of whom the greater part are of Indian and
mixed race. Protestant missions are carried on here by the
Central American Mission (U. S.), with 1 missionary and
his wife, and one native worker.
—
South America Argentina: The Argentine Republic is
the southernmost of the South American republics. Area,
1,135,840. Population (estimated, 1901), 4,794,149. Relig-
ions: Roman Catholics, 4,660,000; Protestants, 50,000;
Jews, 17,000; Animists, 160,000. Protestant missions are
carried on in Argentina by the Methodist Episcopal Church,
(US), the SAMS, the CA, the SAEM, and the Salvation
Army. Together, th&«?e societies report 103 stations and
out-stations; 101 missionaries; men and women; 300 native
40 The Blue Book of Missioirs for 1907
workers; 23 schools; 3,390 scholars, and 11,301 professed

Evangelical Christian adherents, of whom 3,316 are com-
municants. The RBMU, CA, SDA, and IMA, also have
missionary enterprises in Argentina, but their reports give
no statistical details.
One of the inland republics of South America.
Bolivia:
Area, 983,982 square miles. Population, 1,853,000. Re-
ligions: Roman Catholics,
1,700,000; Protestants, 3,000;
Pagans, 150,000. Protestant missions are conducted by the
Baptist convention of Ontario and Quebec, and the PB. The
first named society has 3 stations, with 7 missionaries and
4 schools; and the PB has 2 missionaries at Sucre. Bolivia
has long been closed to evangelistic effort, and the mission-
ary method used there has been education. It now appears,
however, that more religious liberty is to be allowed.
Brazil: The largest of the South American Republics.
Area, 3,218,130 square miles. Population (1890), 14,333,-
915. Religions: Roman Catholics, 14,180,000; Protestants,
144,000; Jews, 2,000; Animists, 8,000. Protestant mission-
ary enterprises are carried on by the Presbyterian Church in
the U. S. (North) ; the Presbyterian Church in the U. S.
(South) the Methodist Episcopal Church in the U. S.,
;
and the Methodist Episcopal Church (South) the Amer-

;
ican Church Missionary Society; the Southern Baptist Con-

vention; the Seventh Day Adventists; the South American
Missionary Society, and the South American Evangelical
Mission. All these together report 356 stations and out-
stations; 126 missionaries, men and women; 112 native
workers; 53 schools; 1,513 scholars; 2 publishing houses,
and 26,318 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom 13,-
127 are communicants.
British Guiana: A British colony, often familiarly
spoken of as Demerara, in the northern part of South
America. Area, 104,000 square miles. Population (1891),
278,378. Religions: Christians, 125,000 (Protestants,
85,000; Roman Catholics, 40,000); Mohammedans, 10,000;
Hindus, 96,000; Confucianists, 4,000; Animists, 40,000.
Protestant missioDS are conducted by the Moravians, the
Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, the Presbyterian

Church of Canada, and the SPG. These together report 84
stations and out-stations; 16 missionaries; 253 native
workers; 34 schools, with 251 scholars, and 11,755 pro-
field of missions is among the blacks, the Indians of the
interior, and the coolies of the plantations. Many of these
East Indian coolies are Mohammedans. Besides the socie-
ties just named, the African Methodist Episcopal Church,
the National Baptist Convention, the Seventh Day Adven-
tists, and the PB have missionary enterprises in British
Guiana. They do not publish, however, available statistics.

Chile: A republic lying on the Pacific coast of South
America. Area, 279,000 square miles. Population (esti-
mated, 1902), 3,146,577. Religions: Roman Catholics, 3,-
129,000; Protestants, 7,000; Pagans, 10,000. The Protes-
tant missionary enterprises in this countiy are under the
Methodist Episcopal Church (U. S.), the Presbyterian
Church, U. S. (North), the Seventh Day Adventist Church
(U. S.), and the South American Missionary Society. All
together they have 111 stations and out -stations ; 98 mission-
aries; 119 native workers; 12 schools; 1,431 scholars; 1
printing house, and 6,380 professed Evangelical Christians,
Colombia: A republic in the northwestern portion of
South America. Area, 504,773 square miles. Population
(1895), 4,000,000. Religion: Roman Catholic. There are
in the republic from 150,000 to 200,000 Indians, who are
still untouched by any form of Christianity. Protestant
missions are represented by the Presbyterian Church in the
U. S. (N.). There are 4 stations; 17 missionaries, men and
women; 16 native workers; 4 schools; 389 scholars, and 181
communicant Evangelical Christians.
Dutch Guiana (Surinam) A colony of the Netherlands
:
in the northern part of South America. Area, 46,060 square

miles. Population (1901), 100,000. Religions: Protestants,
40,000;Roman Catholics, 13,000; Jews, 1,000; Hindus, 12,-
000; Animist fetish worshippers, 30,000. The Moravian
Missions are laboring in this colony among the city people,

the Bush negroes, the Hindu and Chinese Coolies, and the
Javanese. They have 49 stations and out-stations; 97 mis-
sionaries, men and women; 477 native workers; 27 schools;
3,199 scholars, and 29,233 professed Christians, of whom
Ecuador: A
republic on the Pacific coast of South Amer-
ica. Area (including the Gallapagos Islands), 116,000
square miles. Population about 1,400,000. Religions:
Roman Catholics, 1,200,000; Protestants, 1,000; Pagans,
186,000. Protestant missions are carried on by the Gospel
Union (U. S.), the Christian and Missionary Alliance (U.
S.), and the PB. Neither of these societies furnishes full
statistics, but they seem to have in Ecuador 4 stations; 11
missionaries; 1 native worker, and 20 scholars under regu-
lar instruction. The ME
(U. S.), has an out-station with
25 adherents.
French Guiana: A French colony in South America.
Area, 30,500 square miles. Population (1901), 32,908. Re-
ligion : Roman Catholic. No Protestant missionaries are
reported in this colony. About 10,000 of the population are
convicts deported from France. Of these about 1,500 are
at liberty. A curious instance of the meeting of the ends
of the earth in the present age is the presence in French
Guiana of quite a number of political exiles from Madagas-
car. Among them are a few Protestants, who hold religious
services in Malagasy, and have been visited and comforted
by friends belonging to the Paris Evangelical Missionary
Society. The Roman Catholic missionaries are of the Order
of the Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary. They re-
port 22 priests, 5 schools, and 29,000 adherents.
Paraguay: A republic in South America, lying between
Brazil, Argentina and Bolivia. Area, 157,000 square miles.
Population (1899), 630,000, the people being of mixed
Spanish, Indian, and Negro blood, with about 100,000 full-
blooded Indians in the western "Chaco." Religions Roman :
Catholics, 500,000; Pagan Animists, 100,000. The Protes-

tant missionary societies at work in this republic are the
South American Missionary Society, whose work is largely

among the pagans of the "Chaco," and the Methodist Epis-
copal Missionary Society (U. S), which has a work in the
City of Asuncion and vicinity, but no resident missionary.
Together, these societies report 19 missionaries, men and
women; 13 native workers; 5 stations and out-stations; 5
schools ; 247 scholars 1 dispensary 1 publishing house, and
; ;
450 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom 106 are

communicants.
Peru: A republic on the Pacific coast of South America.
Area, 695,733 square miles. Population, about 4,000,000.
Religions: Roman Catholics, 3,687,000; Protestants, 5,000;
Jews, 500; Pagans, 300,000; Buddhists and Confucianists,
7,000. Protestant missionary enterprises are carried on in
Peru by the Regions Beyond Missionary Union, the "Breth-
ren," and the Methodist Episcopal Missionary Society (U.
S.). The last named only issues detailed statistics of its
undertakings. It has 2 stations; 5 missionaries, men and
women; 39 native workers, and about 400 professed Evan-
gelical Christians, of whom 231 are communicants.
Uruguay: A South American republic, which once
formed a province of Brazil. Area, about 72,210 square
miles. Population (estimated, 1901), 965,000. Religions:
Roman Catholics, 930,000; Protestants,
13,000; others,
22,000. The Methodist Episcopal Church (U. S.) has a
mission in Uruguay, with 8 stations and out-stations; 4 mis-
sionaries, men and women; 41 native workers; 5 schools;
286 scholars, and 2,389 professed Evangelical Christians, of
whom 906 are communicants.
Venezuela: A South American republic closely allied to
the West Indies. Area, 593,943 square miles. Population
(1891), 2,323,500. Religions: Roman Catholics, 2,223,000;
Pagans, 90,000; Protestants, 8,000; Jews, 500. Protestant
missions in Venezuela are carried on by the Presbyterian
Church in the U. S. (N.), with 1 station; 2 missionaries; 1
native worker; 1 school, and 40 scholars. The Christian and
Missionary Alliance, the South American Evangelical Mis-
sion, and the "Brethren," also have stations in the republic;
but fiMTiisb no details of their work.
44 The Blue Book op Missions for 1907
Cuba: The largest island of the West Indies. It is an

independent republic, which is under certain obligations to
the United States as to relations with foreign powers. Area,
about 44,000 square miles. Population (1899), 1,572,845,
of whom 129,240 are Spaniards, 14,857 Chinese, and 12,953
Negroes. Roman Catholicism is the prevailing religion.
Protestant missions are conducted in Cuba by the Methodist
Episcopal Church of the U. S. (South), the American
Baptist Home Mission Society, the Presbyterian Church in
the U. S. (South), the SBC, and the FCMS (Disciples),
and the American Friends Foreign Mission Association.
These societies together report 63 stations and out-stations;
50 missionaries; 43 native workers; 125 schools; 722 schol-
ars, and 4,385 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom
3,774 are communicants. These islands of the W. I. are
mentioned in this survey, although consistency would re-
quire their exclusion, because many American churches are
deeply interested in their evangelization.
Haiti: The second in size of the West Indian islands.
Also a republic occupying the western part of that island,
the eastern part forming the republic of Santo Domingo.
Republic of Haiti: Area (estimated), 10,204 square miles.
Population (church enumeration of 1901), 1,294,400, nine-
tenths of whom are negi'oes, and the rest mulattoes. Re-
ligion: Roman Catholic, with many practises derived from
fetishism among the lower classes. The language is a dia-
lect of French.
Republic of Santo Domingo: Area (estimated), 18,045
square miles. Population (estimates of 1888), 610,000, of
whom the larger part are of Spanish descent, with a con-
siderable admixture of the blood of the aborigines. There
are also a great many negroes and mulattoes. The language
is Spanish, but the more educated of the people also speak
French and English. Religion: Roman Catholic.

Protestant missions have long existed in Haiti and Santo
Domingo. The societies working in the island are the
Protestant Episcopal (U. S.), the Wesleyan Methodist, the
African Methodist Episcopal, the Christian and Missionary
Alliance; the Free Methodists, and the NBC, All together,
these societies have 57 stations and out-stations, the largest

part of them in the Haitian Republic; 32 missionaries; 41
native workers; 18 schools; 455 scholars, and 6,200 pro-
fessed Evangelical Christians, of whom 1,611 are communi-
cants.
Porto Rico: A possession of the United States in the
West Indies.Area, 3,668 square miles. Population (1899),
953,243, of whom 304,352 are mulattoes, and 59,390 are ne-
groes. The prevailing religion is Roman Catholic. Eight
of the denominational societies of the United States have
schools, hospitals, and preaching places in the island, with
about 7,000 professed Evangelical adherents.
3. ASIA
Afghanistan: A
country of Asia, adjoining the N. W.
frontier of India. Area, about 215,400 square miles. Popu-
lation, about 4,000,000. Religion: Mohammedan. No Chris-
tian missionaries are allowed in the country. Bibles are
taken into the country by merchants from India, and occa-
sionally an Afghan or Pathan from the frontier, going to
India on business, becomes converted to Christianity.
Bahrein Islands: A group of islands in the Persian
Gulf ruled by Arab chiefs under British protectorate. Area,
about 300 square miles. Population, about 80,000. Relig-
ion: Mohammedan. The Reformed Church in America has
a station at Bahrein, the largest island.
Baluchistan: A country of Asia dependent upon the In-
dian empire, of which it forms the extreme western corner.
Area, 132,315 square miles. Population (1901), 1,050,000.
The northeastern section of the territory is directly admin-
istered by British officials, and is garrisoned by British
troops. It has an area of 45,804 square miles, and a popu-
lation of 308,000. Another section of Baluchistan is under
native government, subject to the supervision of British
political agents. Its area is 86,511 square miles, and has a
population (1901) of 502,500. Both of these sections are
included in the census reports of India. A
third section of
Baluchistan is in the hands of nomad tribes, loosely con-
trolled by British agents, and its population is estimated at

about 240,000, nearly all Mohammedans. The religions of
Baluchistan are: Mohammedans, 995,000; Hindus, 48,000;
Sikhs, 3,000; Christians, 4,000. Protestant missions are
represented in Baluchistan by the CMS and CEZ. To-
gether, these societies report 15 missionaries, men and wom-
en; 19 native workers; 4 schools; 193 scholars (Hindus and
Mohammedans) ; 1 hospital, and 197 professed Christians,
of whom 45 are communicants.
Bokhara: A Russian dependency in Central Asia. Area,
92,000 square miles. Population, about 1,250,000, mostly
Turks. Religion: Mohammedan. There are no missions in
Bokhara. No foreigner is allowed to enter the country with-
out a Russian passport.
Ceylon: An island colony of Great Britain lying south-
east of the peninsula of Hindustan, and chiefly peopled by
Sinhalese, Tamils, and "Moors." Area, 25,333 square
miles. Population (1901), 3,578,333. Religions: Bud-
dhists, 2,142,000; Hindus, 828,000; Mohammedans, 248,000;
75,000) Animists, 4,000. The Roman Catholic missions are
;
in charge of the Oblates of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and

the reports show 134 European, and 24 native priests, 823
schools; 12 orphanages, with 254,000 adherents. The Protes-
tant missions are under ABCFM, the Wesleyan Missionary
Society, the Church Missionary Society, the CEZ, the
FFMA, the BMS,
the SDA, and the SPG, and the Sal-
vation Army. These report altogether 759 stations and
out-stations; 239 missionaries; 2,655 native workers; 913
schools, with 67,170 scholars; 5 hospitals or dispensaries; 2
publishing houses, and 31,264 professed Christians, of whom
13,906 are communicants. Buddhism comes into sharp
clashing with Christianity in Ceylon. A
certain number of
Buddhists and Mohammedans are converted every year, but
the opposition by both is strong.
China: The vast conservative empire of Eastern and
Southeastern Asia. Its area and population stated by prov-
inces (1901) are as follows:
Area in
Square Miles Population
Che-kiang 36,670 11,581,000
Chi-li 115,800 20,937,000
Fo-kien 46,320 22,877,000
Ho-nan 67,940 35,317,000
Hu-nan 83,380 22,170,000
Hu-pei 71,410 35,281,000
Kan-su 125,450 10,386,000
Kiang-si 69,480 26,532,000
Kiang-su 38,600 13,980,000
Kwang-si 77,200 5,142,000
Kwang-tung & Hainan Is. 99,970 31,865,000
Kwei-chau 67,160 7,650,000
Ngan-kwei 59,810 23,671,000
Shan-si 81,830 12,200,000
Shan-tung 55,970 38,248,000
Shen-si 75,270 8,450,000
Sze-chwan 218,480 68,725,000
Yun-nan 146,680 12,325,000
Total for China proper 1,532,420 407,337,000
The great dependencies of the Chinese empire are esti-

mated to have area and population as follows:
Area in
Manchuria 363,610 8,500,000
Mongolia 1,367,600 2,580,000
Chinese Turkestan 550,340 1,200,000
Tibet 463,200 6,430,000
Total dependencies . . . .2,744,750 18,710,000

Total China proper. . . .1,532,420 407,337,000
Aggregate 4,277,170 426,047,000

The following table of Roman Catholic missions is com-

piled from the "Annals of the Propagation of the Faith."
Province
Names 11
a o
§€
OF .2 J
Societies -io l£
Rhenish Miss. Soc 1S47 32 17 543

*Meth. Ep. Ch. in U. S. (So)... 1818 59 28 1,000
Berlin Women's Miss. China 1850 4
Wesleyan Meth. Miss. Soc. 1851. . . 43 113 1,189
Basel Miss. Soc 1852 55 103 2,171
Baptist Miss. Soc 1859 57 342 1.067
*Meth. New Connexion 1859 18 211
ûrch Miss. Soc 1 275 358 h,i 6
tJnit^d Free Ch. of Scotland.. 1 37 101 350 8
United Meth. Free Church. 1864 . 6 138
China Inland Miss 1865 849 837 2,997
Pres. Ch. in U. S. (South).. . . 1867 77 18 272
Berlin Miss. Soc 1867 30 195 1,026
Pres. Ch. Ireland 1 28 94
Soc. Prop, of Gospel 1874 19 22 193
Ch. of Scotland F. M 1878 11 23 14
Woman's Union Miss 1881 44 1
Ch. Eng. Zenana Miss 1884 44 131 1,074
Gen. Ev. Prot.Miss. (German) 1885 4 15 200
Christian (P. B.) Miss 1885 55
*For Christ. Miss. Soc 1885 26 18
Friends F. M. Assoc 1 22
Murray's Miss, to Blind 1
Seventh Day Advent Miss . .1 1
Amer. Friends F. M. Assoc. . 1 . 10
Chns. and Miss. Alhance 1890 74
Swed. Miss. Cov. in Am 1890 12
Swedish Miss. Soc. (Forbund)1890 21 277
German Miss, to Blind 1890 2 50
Scandinavian Alliance 1891 55
Meth. Ch. in Canada 1891 10
Hauge's Synod 1892 12 200
1'""
Pres. Ch. in Canada 32
Baptist Zenana Miss 1 12
Meth. Protestant 1894 2
Free Methodist 6
Danish Miss. Soc 1 12
Ref. Ch. in U. S. (Ger) 1897 18
Am. Advent 1897 4
Cumb. Presby. Ch 1 5
Norwegian China Miss 1899
United Evangelical 1900 7
Ref. Pres. Synod 1900 2
Pres. Ch. New Zealand 1901 6
Finnish Miss. Soc 1901 3
United Breth. Norw. Soc 1 14 360
Yale Universitv Miss 1904 7
North China Miss 15 100
Total. 3.146 8.2431 4.89C 2,282 46.704) 312
No reports received.
V...
50 The Blue Book of Missions fob 1907
Religions: The old religions of China are Ancestor wor-

ship, Animism, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism.
Estimates of the number of adherents of each are mere
conjecture, since Ancestor-worship, Taoism, and Bud-
dhism may be practised at one time or intermittently by a
Chinese, the really permanent form of religious observance
being Ancestor-worship. In Mongolia and Tibet, Buddhism
prevails. There are about 33,000,000 Mohammedans in
China, chiefly in Yun-nan, Kan-su, and Shan-tung provinces.
Christians number about 900,000 (Roman Catholics, 750,000;
Protestants, 150,000). In the south of China are a consid-
erable number of aboriginal tribes who are Animists or wor-
shippers of demons.
There is one extraordinary fact of the year in China, and
that is the sudden change of mind among the literary class
with regard to what constitutes true education. At the ex-
aminations of the higher classes of students, in place of
the uniform stock questions used for centuries to test the
student's memory of ancient literature, a new series of ques-
tions has been devised to compel thought on the meaning of
history and on practical problems of politics. In two of
the provinces the New Testament has been adopted as a
text book in the government schools. In several places tem-
ples have been transformed into schools, the idols being
removed and broken up or cast away. Meantime 10,000
or more young Chinese have gone to Japan for education in
Western science. The greatly increased circulation of
the Bible points in the same direction. During 1905 the
three Bible Societies (BFBS, NBS, and ABS) circulated an
aggregate of 2,496,310 portions and complete Bibles. An-
other token of the times is the gift of 10,000 taels ($8,400)
by the Dowager Empress to the new Union Medical School
of the missions in Peking. The fact to which these circum-
stances point is not, however, that China is reformed. What
has happened since the Boxer outbreak of 1900, and the
Japanese successes in war, is that China has become, for a
time, open to Western influence as never before, and that
Missionaries are the only Westerners fully qualified by
knowledge of lang-uage and people to aid the Chinese. The

duty of the Christian Church is to cause the people of this
great land to know Jesus Christ, whose teachings alone can
solve their problems. If the Church rises to its great op-
portunity and leads the development of China, the result
will be in God's Providence, the development of all Asia
in the same beneficient lines of righteousness and good wiU
to all men.
French India: Five towns in India belong to France,
viz.: Pondicherry and Karikal on the East coast, Mahe on
the West coast, Yanaon in the Godavari delta, and Chandar-
nagar in Bengal. These, with theii' dependencies, have an
area of 196 square miles, and a population of (1901) 272,-
000. Karikal has an out-station of the Leipzig Evangelical
Missionary Society, with 158 church members under charge
of native clergymen. The Roman Catholic missions are
under the Paris Society for Foreign Missions, and the
Congregation of the Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary.
French Indo-China: A name applied collectively to the
French dependencies of Annam, Cambodia, Tong-king, and
the Laos protectorate. Together, their area is about 363,000
square miles. PoiDulation, about 18,000,000. Religions (es-
timated) : Buddhists, 10,000,000; Animists, 7,000,000; Mo-
hammedans, 60,000; Christians (Roman Catholics), 932,000:
all others, 30,000. The Roman Catholic missions are under
the charge of the Paris Society for Foreign Missions and the
Order of Dominicans at Rome, and report 2,454 stations and
out-stations, with 806 priests (of whom 400 are natives),
and 2,113 schools. In 1884 there was a massacre of the
missionaries in Annam, in which were slaughtered 23,000
native Christians, 16 priests, 60 catechists (native), and 270
native women workers.
In Annam there are French Protestant chaplains and col-
porteurs. The BFBS, too, has been allowed by the local
authorities to send a French colporteur there.
India: Includes all that part of the great Indian penin-
sula which is directly or indirectly under British rule. The
term British India includes the districts directly under Brit-
:
and does not include native states administered by

ish rule,
their own
chiefs under supervision of British officials, nor
independent states which are under British protectorate.
Area and Population: The area and population of In-
dia, according to the census of 1901, is as follows
Area in Square Miles Population

British India 1,087,249 231,899,507
Native States 679,393 62,461,549
Total .1,766,642 294,361,056

Religions.
Hindus 207,146,422 Sikhs 2,195,268
Mohammedans . . . 62,458,061 Jains 1,334,148
Buddhists* 9,476,750 Parsees 94,190
Animists 8,584,349 Jews 18,228
Christians 2,923,241 All others 2,686
*9,184,112 are in Burma.

The following table in the main showing the situation on
January 1, 1906, includes the principal Protestant mis-
sionary societies working in India:
Societies
The Blue Book of Missions for 1907
53
a 5
1|
SociETiEB—Continued.
11 ||
1|
'a a
k
Welsh Calvinistic Meth. Miss.. 1841
445 283 878
Leipzig Evang. Miss. Soc 1841 26,787
774 217 28,000
Lutheran Gen. Synod 1842 21,597
506 164 234 6,000
Gossner Miss. Society 1844 1,245 363 230 5,999
*Zenana Bible and Med. Miss. 1852 104 82,338
328 64
Reformed Church in Amer.
(Dutch) 1853 32 416 180 184 7,909
United Presby.Church in U.S. 1855 90 2,676
254 319 182 8,708
Meth.Epis.Church in the U. S. 1856 278 18,212
4,513 277 1.445 37,197
Moravian Mission 1856 21 161,416
29 7 154
Presby. Churchof England. 1862
. .
6 147
1
Women's Union Miss. Soc. .. 1863 35 87
Danish Missionary Society, 19
1864
. .
11 64
Hermannsburg Miss. Society. 1865 21 841
15 146
Fnends For. Miss. Soc.(Eng). 1866 1,437 3,290
37 45
Baptist Zenana Mission 1,624
1867 241
Furreedpore Mission 76 3,704
1867 9
Baptist Ont. and Quebec ....
257 2,351
Luth. General Council __ 16
1 5,
248 252 5,227
Loventhal's Miss. (Danish). 1872
. .
14.466
1
Baptist Maritime Prov 1875 24 46 21 200
New Zealand Bapt. Miss. Soc. 1885 7
500
16 7 100
Presby. Church in Canada. .1877 47 76
88 11 12
Swedish (Fosterlands) 1878 43
1,318
38 18 11
Church of Eng. Zenana Miss. 1880 156
948
744 52 247 11,027
Edinburgh Med. Miss 1881 1
For. Christian Miss. Society, . . 1882
33 127 15 11 1,245
Christian Woman's Bd.of Miss. 1883 944
35 20 18 1,800
Breklum Missionary Society. . 1884 653-
33 125 62 1,348
Victorian Bapt.For.Miss.Soc. 1886 8,447
8 3
Reformed Episcopal Church. 1888 5 17 4
Christian and Miss. Alliance.. 1889 94
Kurku (No statist ics given,)
Hill Mission 1889 18 6
Queensland Bapt. Miss. Soc. ,1889 3
Free Meth. Church of N. A.... 1891
9
Scandinavian Alliance N. A. .1892 30
15
Seventh Day Adventists Miss, 1893 15
Balaghat Mission 1893 8
Poona and Indian Villa. Miss, 1893 7
No, India School of Med 1894 5
Ger. Evang. Synod of N. A. .1895 35
German Bapt, Brethren 1895 3,088
Amer. Friends For. Missions. 1 340 295
Mennonite Miss.Bd.in U. S loyy .
Regions Beyond Miss. Union. 1900

,
100
Santhals Indian Home Miss...
Swedish Church Miss.(Kvrkans) 13,000
German Educ. Soc. for Women 1.867
'^"^^^
3,850 32,654 8,312 10.692 409339 295, 1211,152,847
Statistics of last year's report

The Roman Catholic establishments in India divide the

country into six(or, including Burma, seven) provinces or
archbishoprics. Summary statistics of the Roman Church
in each province are given below:
1. Verapoli, including Travancore, Cochin, and a part of
Malabar. The religious orders are: Paris Foreign Mission-
ary Society; and Carmelites of Rome, with 106 Missiona-
ries; 575 native workers; 891 schools; 27 various charities,
and 538,900 Roman Catholics.
2. Pondicherry, including the French colony of this name,
with that of Mahe on the western coast, Mysore and Coorg,
South Kanara, the Madras Presidency as far north as North
Arcot. The religious orders are: Paris Foreig-n Missionary
Society; and the Jesuits of Fiesole (Florence), with 168
missionaries; 89 native workers; 533 schools; 48 orphan-
ages and other charities, and 366,400 Catholics.
3. Madras, including the remainder of the Madras Presi-
dency to the border of Orissa, the native State of Haidara-

bad, Berar, and the Central Provinces. The religious orders
are: Milan Foreign Missionary Society; Mill Hill (English)
Foreign Missionary Society; and the Order of St. Francis
de Sales (Annecy), with 99 missionaries; 44 native workers;
200 schools; 30 charities, and 167,505 Catholics.
4. Bombay, including the Deccan, Khandesh, and the
Western coast regions, with Sindh and Baluchistan. The
religious order is: the Jesuits of Fiesole (Florence), with 72
missionaries; 32 native workers ; 21 schools ; 4 charities, and
29,000 Catholics.
5. Agra, including the United Provinces, Rajputana, the
Punjab, Kashmir and Nepal. The religious orders are: the
Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome; and Mill Hill
(English) Foreign Missionary Society, with 35 mission-
aries; 2 native workers; 27 schools; 9 charities, and 7,190
Catholics.
6. Calcutta, including Bengal, Dacca, Assam, and the
Arakan coast. The religious orders are: the Society of the
Divine Savior, Rome; Order of the Holy Cross, Le Mans;
Milan Foreign Missionary Society, and the Jesuits of Fie-
sole (Florence), with 117 missionaries; 27 native workers;

182 schools; 32 charities, and 74,590 Catholics.
7. Burma, with parts of the Laos districts of Siam. The
religious order is: the French Foreign Missionary Society,
Paris, with 70 missionaries; 3 native workers; 186 schools;
65 charities, and 56,600 Catholics.
A summary of the Roman Catholic statistics shows: 657
missionaries; 782 native workers; 1,940 schools; 205 chari-
ties, and 1,240,185 Roman Catholics.
The detailed census returns of India for 1901 show the
total number of Christians to be 2,923,241, of whom 2,664,-
313 are natives (1,694,000 Roman Catholics and Syrians,
and 845,000 Protestants). The changes since the census re-
port of 1891 in the native membership of the greater re-
ligious communities are as follows:
Christians increased 30 8-10 per cent.

(Protestants increased 43 per cent.)
Mohammedans increased nearly 9 per cent.
Buddhists increased (mainly in Burma) 32 per cent.
Hindus decreased 6-10 of 1 per cent.
Animists decreased 7 1-2 per cent.
A census return is an uncertain basis for positive conclu-

sions. The stationary condition of the Hindu religious
community, for instance, may
not be used to prove con-
clusions as to any falling off in religious ardor among them.
Famine and plague may explain the figures. Nevertheless,
a weakening of the power of the old Hinduism is distinctly
visible in India, and is admitted by Hindu writers, although
attendance at great idol festivals seems as large and as
blindly enthusiastic as ever.
The spectacle of a Hindu College founded, in order to
resist Christianity, at the suggestion of an Englishwoman,
and taught by English men and English women, is immeas-
urably shocking to those who love the Lord Jesus Christ. It
is one of those acts whose reward is pictured as worse than
being sunk at sea with a millstone tied to the neck. Yet even
this spectacle throws light on the desperate condition of

Hinduism today. The religion taught by these foreigners
is a foreign concoction, so thoroughly repugnant to the mass
of Hindus, that approaching ruin alone can have led Rajahs

and Maharajahs to furnish money for the venture. Hindu-
ism would fain prop itself up by means of Christianity.
India is a land where Christianity can touch Moham-
medanism at many points, with many weapons, and with the
argument shown by experience to silence dialectic quibbles,
that is to say, the argument of a pure and godly life. Year
by year Mohammedans are converted, not in great numbers,
but in complete reversal of purpose and of standards. In
a land where Mohammedans live in the midst of people who
reject the Arabian prophet special influences help to pre-
pare the way of the Lord. Missionaries in India have a
special responsibility to be prepared, alert, eager to press
every advantage, knowing that every one converted to Christ
not only reduces by so much the Mohammedan force in
Asia, but adds by so much to the number fitted to present
the Savior most winningly to Mohammedans.
Japan: The island empire of Eastern Asia consists of the
five principal islands, Honshiu or Hondo (the main land),
Kiushiu, Shikoku, Hokkaido or Yezo, and Taiwan or For-
mosa, a number of smaller islands, and the group called
Chishima or Kurile Islands, Liukiu (Loochoo), Ogaswara-
kima or Bonin Islands, and the Homoto or Pescadores Is-
lands. Area (including Formosa, 13,458 square miles),
161,198 square miles. Population (1899), including 2,705,-
905 in Formosa, 47,018,765. Religions: Shintoists, about
24,900,000; Buddhists, 19,858,000; Animists, 2,000,000;
Christians (Roman Catholics, 60,000; Greek church,
27,000; Protestants, 66,000), 153,000.
The Roman Catholic missions in Japan are under the
Paris Society for Foreign Missions (R. C). In ecclesiastical
organization the Roman Catholic Church in Japan is under
an archbishop residing in Tokio, and is divided into four
dioceses, ^^z, Hakodate, Nagasaki, Osaka, and Tokio. There
are 243 European and 33 Japanese priests, besides 122
women in various orders, 34 Japanese sisters, and 268

catechists. They have 46 schools, with 5,328 pupils, and 21
orphanages, with 1,500 children. They have also 14 dis-
pensaries to care for the sick and poor. Formosa is eccle-
siastically dependent on Amoy in China, and its nine mis-
sionaries are Spanish Dominicans. The whole number of
Roman Catholics in Japan is 59,437.
The Greek Church Mission is under Bishop Nicolai, for-
merly chaplain of the Russian Legation, who was instructed
in the Japanese language by Joseph Neesima. The Greek
Church has 260 stations in Japan, with 29,115 communi-
cants. It has a Theological Seminary, a boys' boarding
school and 2 girls' schools. The pupils number about 200.
The absorbing interest of life in Japan is still the effects
of the war with Russia. This war has strained to the ut-
most the ability of Government and nation; has called into
action courage, self-control, devotion and other qualities of
the people, and has opened the hearts of all classes toward
sincerely sympathizing friends. Thus it has tended to bring
Protestant missionaries into intimate relations with all
classes of the people. An important incidental result of the
war has been the distribution of nmnbers of Scripture por-
tions among the Japanese troops. A movement for inde-
pendence of foreign aid in the Christian church does not in
the least discourage effort to keep the missions at the
highest point of efficiency in order to commend to the na-
tion the Christ who is their great need. It might be well if
Japan, Korea and China could be borne in mind as having
a single linked destiny, and as equal in their need and in
their remarkable accessibility at this juncture. Whatever is
done in one of the three countries by missions must affect
all of them. Especially is this true in Japan, which is de-
stined to hold the admiring gaze of China and Korea for
some years to come. Christianity already has a strong hold
upon the nation. The consequences would be immeasui-able
if this hold can be increased so as to make all Japanese
influence on its neighbors become influence for Christ.
The following table shows a list of the Missionary So-
cieties of the Protestant Church working in Japan, with

their statistics:
Names
i^ ^5 li
OF
Societies SrjO
Presbyterian U. S. (N) 1859 121 1,657 6,965

Reformed Church (Dutch) 1859 31 575 789
Prot. Episcopal Church 1859 24 2,400
Pres. Ch. of England 1865 60 119 5,304
Church Miss. Soc 1869 264 162 8.973
Am. Board C. F. Miss 1869 10' 1191 14,389
Worn. Union Miss. Soc 1871 34 132
Am. Baptist Miss. Uni jn 1872 71 778 2,110
Pres. Church in Canada 1872 73 48 836
Meth. Ep. Church in U. S 1873 126 3,267 6,747
Soc. Propagation Gospol 1S73 70 343 1,910
Cumb. Presbyterian 1877 27 245 876
Evang. Association 1877 31 17 8^7
Ref. Church in U. S. (Gorman). . .1879 54 462 1,925
Am. Friends F. M 1880 12 93 534
Meth. Church in Canada 1882 40 425 3,105
For. Chris. Miss. Soc 1883 31 230 1,200
Pres. Ch. mU. S. (So) 1885 28 78 1,037
Germany Gen. Ev. Prot. M 1885 8 65 234
Meth. Ep. Ch. U. S. A. (So) 1886 35 1,417
Christian Ch. (U. S.) 1887 14 513
South Baptist Convention 1890 18 263
Universalist General Conv 1890 10 174
Scand. Alliance (U. S) 1891 12 319
Lutheran Ev. Church 1892 10 166
Christ, and Miss. Alliance 1894 6 190
Salvation Armv 1895 82
Hephzibah Faith Miss 1894 10
United Brethren (U. S. A.) 1895 14 311
Seventh Day Adventist 1896 8 100
Oriental Mission 1901 66
Free Meth. of N. A 1903 18 346
Meth. Protestant 1880 20 965
Total. 883 1,535 1.214 156 12.295 5 65.036
In addition to these the Salvation Army has 70 officers in Japan, 34 Corps or Stations and
1 Publishing House.
Khiva: A
Russian dependency in Central Asia. Area,
22,320 square miles. Population, about 800,000, mostly
Turks, about half of them nomad Turkomans. Religion:
Mohammedan. No missions are allowed in Khiva.
Korea: The easternmost of the Mongoloid Kingdoms of
Asia. Area, about 82,000 square miles. Population (esti-
mated), 8,000,000. Religions: Buddhists, 1,500,000; Con-
fucianists and Ancestor- worshippers, 6,000,000; Animists,

430,000; Christians (Roman Catholics, 32,000; Protestants,
35,000; Eastern Churches, 1,000), 68,000. The Roman
Catholic Church of Korea was formerly under the Arch-
bishop of Peking. Since 1831, however, it has had a vicar
of its own, and the missions have been in charge of the
Paris Foreign Missionary Society. There are 39 foreign
and 9 native priests, 60 schools, and 3 orphanages. The
Protestant missions are maintained by the Presbyterian
Churches of the U. S., North and South; the Methodist
Episcopal Churches, North and South; the Presbyterian
Church of Canada; the Australian Presbyterian Church,
and the SPG. These societies together have 600 stations
and out-stations; 158 missionaries; 283 native workers; 175
schools; 3,511 scholars; 17 hospitals and dispensaries; 3
publishing houses, and 90,000 professed Christians, of whom
35,000 are communicants. The peculiarity of the nation is
its inability to direct the course of its own development.
Japan is now the mentor and guardian of Korea. But
Christianity is making steady progress, with this character-
istic, that converts are learning to maintain their own
church institutions and to work to win their neighbors to
faith in Jesus Christ.
Nepal: An independent kingdom in the Himalayas, be-
tween Tibet and India, with Sikkim on the west. Area, 54,-
000 square miles. Population, estimated at about 4,000,000.
Religions: Buddhism, Animism, and Hinduism, but the
proportions of these different forms of religion are not
known. The Buddhists are said to number about 2,500,000.
The ruling race is Hindu in religion. No foreigners are al-
lowed to reside in Nepal, and no missions are known to ex-
ist there.
Oman: An independent state in Arabia. Area, 82,000
square miles. Population, about 1,500,000. Religion Mo- :
hammedan. The Reformed Church in America has a station

at Mascat with a married missionary and a school.
Persia: An empire of West Central Asia. Area (esti-
mated), 628,000 square miles. Population (estimated,
1902), 9,500,000. Nearly 2,000,000 of the population have

no fixed abode, but roam vacant sections of the territory in
a pastoral life that is always capable of being changed into
a predatory one. Mohammedans, 9,400,000
Religions:
(Shi'ite, 8,700,000; Sunnite,700,000); Jews, 35,000; Chris-
tians (Protestants, 6,000; Roman Catholics, 14,000; Eastern
Churches — ^Nestorian, Armenian, Greek—60,000), 8(0,000;
Parsees, 9,000. Roman Catholic missions are conducted by
the Lazarist order, which has 12 missionaries in Persia; 65
.native (Armenian Catholic) priests; 47 schools, and 3 or-
phanages. The Protestant missions are those of the Pres-
byterian Church in U. S. (North) ; the Church Missionary
Society ; the London Jews Society, and the Swedish Mission-
ary Society (Forbundets), which has an orphanage at
Salmas. Altogether, these societies report 183 stations and
out-stations; 100 missionaries, men and women; 280 native
workers; 136 schools; 3,834 scholars; 16 hospitals and dis-
pensaries; 1 printing house, and 5,951 professed Christians,
of whom 3,000 are communicants. Mohammedanism in
Persia is torn by sectarianism, and among their sects the
Babis are making great progress. In neither of the other
purely Mohammedan countries is there nearly so much lib-
erty as in Persia. Although there is a temporary check
by the issue of edicts against cii'culation of the Bible, the
missions are encouraged to hope that Mohammedan inquir-
ers will not be driven away by the police. An outburst of
fanaticism is always possible; and the murder of an Amer-
ican missionary (Rev. B. W. Labaree) by a Mohammedan
was clearly an act of religious rancor.
Russia: This great empire contains so large a number of
Mohammedans, Buddhists, and pagans, many of them in its
European dominions, that it seems desirable to include it
among our summary descriptions of the extent and popu-
lation of the non-Christian lands.
Area in
European Russia 2,095,616 106,264,000
Asiatic Russia 6,564,778 22,697,000^
Religions
Russian Church (including dissidents) 89,558,000

Roman Catholic 11,421,000
Protestants 3,743,000
Armenians, etc 1,221,000
Total Christians 105,943,000

Mohammedans 13,889,000
Jews 5,189,000
Buddhists and pagans 1,645,000
126,666,000
The above figures are incomplete and not strictly accurate,

since they include in the Russian Church about 12,000,000,
who reject more or less of its doctrines. They form, how-
ever, the fullest brief statement thatwe can make of this
great empire's religious divisions.
Russia does not permit missionaries from abroad to reside
in or even to enter her domains. A
Swedish mission exists
at Tiflis in theCaucasus and another in St. Petersburg, but
only on the ground that it concerns itself with Protestants
living in that neighborhood. There are also several mis-
sions to the Jews in European Russia, but these are in
charge of Russian subjects who are converts from Judaism.
The Russian Church, therefore, is the only agency for
evangelizing the people of the immense territories of Siberia
and Central Asia. It has a Society for Orthodox Missions,
which was organized by the Metropolitan Benjaminoff of
Moscow in 1870, and is supported by committees in the
various sees, charged with raising money for its support.
These committees raised $311,570 in 1901. This society
labors among the pagans and Mohammedans of Siberia, and
with some success in converting Shamanists (Animists) to
Christianity. As in many other Mission fields, Buddhists
and Mohammedans, however, still present an unshaken front
to the missionaries of the Christian Church.
Siam: A kingdom of South Eastern Asia. Area, 236,000
square miles. Population, about 5,000,000. Religion esti-

mated, Buddhists, 3,600,000 Animists, 1,600,000 Protestant
; ;
Chi'istians, 15,000. It is impossible to know accurately the

details of the population owing to the lack of any complete
census, and of the power of accurate estimate among native
officials. Protestant missions are conducted by the Presby-
terian Church (North) of the U. S., and the American Bap-
tist Missionary Union (among the Chinese of Bangkok).
Together, these societies report 100 stations; 81 missionaries,
men and women 61 native workers ; 27 schools ; 1,030 schol-
;
ars; 15 hospitals and dispensaries; 2 publication centers

and 14,400 professed Christians, of whom 3,250 are com-
municants. The most progressive parts of the fields in
Siam are the stations among the Laos in the north and
among the Chinese of the Southern provinces. The SPG
also has 1 missionary working in Siam.
Tibet:A dependency of China governed under a Chinese
Commissioner by a Council of Advisers to the Dalai Lama.
Area, 463,200 square miles. Population, 6,430,000. Relig-
ions: Buddhists, 4,000,000; Animists, 2,300,000; Moham-
medans, 100,000; Roman Catholic Christians (?) 1,000. The
eountiy is closed to the residence of Christians, and has been
but little known. In 1900 or 1901 the Russian Government
made a treaty through China, by which it was to have a
residency at Lhasa, and the Russian Church was to be tol-
erated, and all other Christian sects excluded. In 1903 a
British expedition was sent into Tibet under General Mac-
Donald, as escort to Colonel Younghusband, who in 1904
negotiated at Lhasa a treaty giving Great Britain the right
of veto in the foreign policy of Tibet. The Dalai Lama fled
before the arrival of the Younghusband expedition. It is
hoped that this treaty may, in due time, result in the open-
ing of Tibet to the residence of Christians. Meanwhile a
considerable number of missionaries of several different
societies are established close under the Tibetan frontier in
India and in China, using every opportunity to reach Tibet-
ans who come over the border for trade. The natural line
of approach to Tibet for missionary agencies seems at pres-
ent to be the approach through China. In any case, the evan-

gelization of Western China could not fail profoundly to
affect the Tibetan borders.
Turkey: The chief center of Mohammedan political
power, which has in its domains a considerable part of the
regions connected with Bible history, whether in Asia, Af-
rica or Europe. Area (estimated, and including tributary
provinces), 1,580,000 square miles. Population (estimated,
but omitting Egypt and Tripoli, which are mentioned in our
Africa section), 29,500,000. Religions (estimated) Mo-
:
hammedans, 18,594,000; Jews, 379,000; Christians (5,000,-

000, at least, in the tributary provinces of European Tur-
key), 10,533,000. Of these about 9,550,000 are of the East-
ern Churches; 858,000 Roman Catholics; 100,000 Protes-
tants. The non-Mohammedan subjects of Turkey are rec-
ognized by the Turkish Government as entitled to a certain
liberty of administration, and their various groups are
styled "nationalities." The sections of the Eastern Church
are the Greek Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Church, the
Jacobite Church (Syrian), and the Armenian Church. The
Roman Catholic Church includes several groups, as, the
Latins (descendants from ancient Genoese and Venetian set-
tlers), the Greek Catholics, Ai-menian Catholics, Maronites,
and Chaldeans. The Protestants are mainly evangelical
Armenians or Greeks. The Jews are mostly of Spanish
origin, and speak Spanish among themselves. Each group
of these has a patriarch, or other chief representative, who
is, in the eyes of the Turkish authorities, a civil officer re-
sponsible for the political views and acts of his people.

Roman Catholic missions are carried on in Turkey by a
large number of orders, as, the Society of Jesus from
France and Spain, the Franciscans, the Benedictines, Car-
melites, Trappists, Lazai-ists, Augustinians of the Assump-
tion, Passionists, Resurrectionists, Dominicans, Minor Ca-
puchins (reformed), etc. There are also a number of com-
munities, like the Christian Brethren, devoted to education.
A considerable number of orders of women are also found
in Turkey, either in convents or connected with missions.
The chief of these are the Sisters of St. Joseph, Sisters of

Our Lady of Zion, the Sisters of Charity of the Immaculate
Conception, the orders affiliated to the Dominicans and
Franciscans, etc. The whole number of Roman Catholic
missionaries in the Turkish empire is about 2,500, and
some of their establishments in Syria and the Holy Land
have been in existence 300 years or more. The Protestant
missionary societies in Turkey are the ABCFM; the CMS;
the Reformed Presbyterians of North America; the British
Syrian Schools; the Edinburgh Medical Missionary So-
ciety; the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. (North); the
Methodist Episcopal Church of the U. S. (Bulgaria) the ;
American Friends' Foreign Mission Board; the RCA; the

Seventh DayAdventists; the Foreign Christian Missionary
Society (Disciples) ; the Baptist Missionary Society (Eng-
land) ; the Church of Scotland Conversion of the Jews Com-
mittee; the London Jews Society; the United Free Church
of Scotland Committee for the Jews, and the British So-
ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews.
These societies report all together, 569 stations and out-
stations; 404 missionaries; 1,545 native workers; 706
schools; 36,618 scholars; 25 hospitals; 3 publishing houses,
and 79,000 professed Evangelical Christians, of whom
The special interest attaching to missionary work in Tur-
key arises from its influence upon the very seat of Islam.
The missions which are directed to the revival of spiritual
religion among Oriental churches could not be reckoned
as missions to non-Christian peoples, were it not for the
fact that the revival of these churches would convince a
great mass of Mohammedans of their own need of Christ.
Meantime the Bible is being freely circulated among all
classes of the people of every creed. Official interference
with colporteurs has this year once more been officially
proved to be a violation of solemn pledges of liberty.
4. MALAYSIA
British Borneo: Borneo is an island properly to be in-
cluded in Malaysia. A narrow territory on the north and
The Blue Book op Missions for 1907 65
northwestern part of the island, embracing about 96,000

square miles, is reckoned as British territory, being directly
or indirectly under British Government. The population is
about 845,000. The remainder of the island, reckoned at
212,737 square miles, and containing about 1,100,000 people,
is a part of the Dutch East Indian possessions, and its pop-
ulation is included in that of the Dutch East Indies. The re-
ligions in British Borneo are (estimated) : Animists, 500,-
000; Mohammedans, 345,000; Christians (Roman Catholics,
1,500; Protestants, 3,500), 5,000. The Roman Catholic mis-
sions have 12 priests, 10 schools,and 5 orphanages or other
charitable works. The Protestant missionaries are under
the SPG and the ME, and have 4 stations and out-stations;
15 missionaries, men and women; 57 native workers; 12
schools; 913 scholars, and 4,886 professed Christians, of
whom 1,243 are communicants. The missionary statistics of
the Dutch portion of the island will be given under the title
of Dutch East Indies.
Dutch East Indies {Nederlandsch Oost Indie) A pos- :
session of Holland in Malaysia, acquired through its East

India Company formed in 1602. It consists, according to
the official organization, of: 1. Java and Madura, a small
island near Java, and 2, the Outposts, namely Sumatra
and adjacent islands, Borneo, Celebes, the Molucca islands,
the Sunda islands, and a part of New Guinea.
Area (omitting New Guinea, which is separately men-
tioned), about 584,611 square miles. Population (estimated,
or rather conjectured in respect to Borneo and the less
known islands), 34,000,000. Religions (also estimated) :
Mohammedans, 20,000,000; Animists, 12,000,000; Buddhists

and Confucianists, 480,000; Hindus, 27,000; Jews, 1,000;
Christians, 430,000 (Protestants, 380,000; Roman Catholics,
50,000). The Roman Catholics are under the Apostolic
Vicar of Batavia. There are 83 stations and out-stations;
50 foreign priests; 29 schools, and 6 orphanages. The mis-
sionaries are from the Foreign Missionary Society of Paris.
The Protestants of the Dutch East Indies are for the most
part connected with the Dutch Church of the colony, their
pastors being paid by the Government, and a large number

of their members being the descendants of the Christians
made Protestants in the 17th and 18th centuries. Protes-
tant Missionary Societies now laboring in the islands are the
Netherlands Missionary Society, the Rhenish Missionary So-
ciety, the Netherlands Mennonite Society, the Java Com-
mittee, the Netherlands Missionary Union, the Netherlands
Reformed Church, the Utrecht, the Basel, the ME, the Neu-
kirchen Missionary Societies, and the Sangir and Talaut
Island Committee of Batavia. Incomplete returns from
these societies show that they have 521 stations and out-sta-
tions; 269 missionaries; 592 native workers; 492 schools;
23,168 scholars; 3 hospitals and dispensaries, and 148,708
professed Christians. A feature of interest and importance
in missions in the Dutch East Indies is the number of Mo-
hammedans converted in Java, Sumatra and other islands.
The Rhenish Missionary Society reports 158 Mohammedans
baptized in 1905, and 767 Mohammedans under instruction
as candidates for baptism. The Netherlands Society re-
ports 93 Mohammedans baptized by its missionaries in Java
during 1905. It is estimated that the number converted
from Mohammedanism in the whole field during the last
thirty yeai-s exceeds 20,000.
Malay Peninsula or Malacca: The most southern por-
tion of Continental Asia. It comprises:
1. Federated Malay States: A British protectorate in the
Malay Peninsula, comprising Perak, Selangor, Negri, Seru-
bilan, and Pahang. Area, 26,000 square miles. Population
(1901), 678,595, of whom 312,486 are Malays; 299,739
Chinese; 58,211 natives of India, and about 3,000 Euro-
peans, Americans and Eurasians. Religions: The prevail-
ing religion of the Malay States is Mohammedanism, with a
considerable number, however, of Animists or demon wor-
shippers in the hill country of the interior. No statistics
that are more than a bare conjecture seem to exist as to the
numbers attached to one religion or the other.
2. Straits Settlements: ABritish crown colony in South-
eastern Asia, which comprises Singapore, Penang and Ma-
lacca. The government of Penang includes Province Wel-

lesley and the Bindings, and that of Singapore includes
Christmas Island. Area, about 1,542 square miles. Popula-
tion (1901), 572,000, of whom 281,983 are Chinese; 215,058
Malays, and 57,150 natives of India. Religion: Moham-
medanism is the prevailing religion of the Malays of the
Straits Settlements; precise indications lack, however, as
to the number of Mohammedans. Roman Catholics in the
Malay Peninsula (south of the Siamese territory), number
20,000. Of this number 15,000 are under the see of Malacca,
and 5,000 under that of Macao, China. The Roman Catholic
missions are committed to the Paris Foreign Missionary
Society. There are 32 foreign and 2 native priests; 25
schools, and 43 charities of various kinds. Protestant mis-
sions are carried on by the SPG, the Church of England
Zenana Missionary Society, the Presbyterian Church of
England, the "Brethren," and the Methodist Episcopal
Church in the U. S. All together, these agencies report 69
stations and out-stations; 49 missionaries, men and women;
265 native workers ; 38 schools ; 4,087 scholars ; 1 publishing
establishment, and 4,310 professed Christians, of whom
2,862 are communicants. The large Chinese population has
made Singapore from early times an important center for
work among Chinese. It is now becoming a very important
distributing center of the British and Foreign Bible So-
ciety. Bibles in Malay dialects find increasing sale there.
New Guinea: An island also called Papua, lying east-
ward of and partly included in the Dutch East Indies.
Area, about 312,329 square miles; of this area 151,789
square miles forming the western half of the island is Dutch
territory, a section containing 90,540 square miles belonging
to Great Britain, and the Northeastern part of the island
containing with adjacent islands 70,000 square miles, has
been occupied by Germany, and has been given the name of
Kaiser Wilhelm's Land. Population: The population of
the island is estimated, or rather conjectured, to be as fol-
lows: Dutch possessions, 200,000; British possessions, 350,-
000; German possessions, 110,000. Religions: The Ani-
mistiepaganism of Melanesia is the religion of the people.

There are (including the small islands) about 7,000 Chris-
tians Roman Catholics, 4,000). The
(Protestants, 3,000;
Roman Catholic missions are in that part of the island lymg
outside of the control of Holland, and are carried on by
missionaries of the Congregation of the Sacred Heart (from
Issoudun), who report 18 priests and 29 schools. Protes-
tant missions are maintained by the Utrecht Missionary
Society in Dutch New Guinea, with 6 stations and out-
stations; 5 missionaries; 5 native workers; 3 schools; 145
scholars, and 313 baptized Christians. In German New
Guinea, the Rhenish and the Neuendettelsau Societies are
established, with 14 stations; 38 missionaries, men and
women ; 12 schools, and 494 scholars in British New Guinea
;
and adjacent islands are the London Missionary Society,

the SPG, and the Australian Wesleyan Missionary Society,
with 25 stations and out-stations; 32 missionaries, men and
women; 162 native workers; 54 schools; 2,088 scholars, and
cants. New Guinea is a hard and dangerous field, of
which the evangelization has cost heavily. Yet there is
steady progress in winning attention from the tribes along
the coast. The interior of the island is still very much of
an unknown land. A
new auxiliary to missionary opera-
tions in New Guinea is the Papuan Industries Association,
a purely business enterprise for developing the abilities of
the people who accept Christianity,
Philippine Islands: An American possession in Ma-
laysia,comprising about 1,725 islands. Area, about 122,000
square miles. Population (1903), 7,572,000. Religions:
Christians, 6,967,000 (Roman Catholics, 3,940,000; Inde-
pendent Catholics, 3,000,000; Protestants, 27,000); Moham-
medans, 270,000; Buddhists and Confucianists, 75,000; Ani-
mists, 260,000. Protestant missionary enterprises are car-
ried on in several of the islands by the Presbyterian Church
of the U. S. (North) the Methodist Episcopal Church of
;
U. S.; the Protestant Episcopal Church; the ABMU; the

Woman's Association of the United Brethren; the FCM So-
ciety (Disciples); the ABCFM, and the SDA. All to-

gether these societies report 212 stations and out-stations;
107 missionaries, men and women; 330 native workers; 13
schools, with 509 scholars; 8 hospitals and dispensaries; 2
publication houses, and 33,961 professed Evangelical Chris-
tians,of whom 12,000 are communioants.
5. OCEANIA
Hawaii: A territory of the United States, formerly
known as the Sandwich Islands. Area of the islands, 5,000
square miles. Population (1900), 154,000, of whom
29,834 are native Hawaiians. The remainder of the popula-
tion is composed of: Whites, 28,533; Chinese, 25,852; Jap-
anese, 60,000, with a considerable number of Koreans and
Filipinos and other islanders. Religions: Christians, 63,-
000 (Protestants, 27,000; Roman Catholics, 30,000; Mor-
mons, 6,000); Buddhists, 55,000, and Confucianists, 25,000;
others, 11,000.
Melanesia: The islands of the South Pacific, inhabited by
people marked by the Papuan type, and lying east of New
Guinea and Australia, and west of Fiji. The chief groups
are Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon, the Banks, the
Torres, the Santa Cruz, the New Hebrides, and the Loyalty
Islands, with New Caledonia. There are about 250 islands
in Melanesia, of which the largest are in the Bismarck Ar-
chipelago and in the Solomon group. The Bismarck Archi-
pelago and the western section of the Solomon islands are
under German control. The New Hebrides group is jointly
protected by France and England. The eastern section of
the Solomon Islands, the Banks, and the Santa Cruz Islands
are ruled by Great Britain. Population (estimated), about
475,000. Religion: Animists, 420,000; Christians, 55,000
(Protestants, 30,000; Roman Catholics, 25,000). Roman
Catholic missions are carried on by the Congregation of the
Sacred Heart of Mary from Issoudun, with about 12 priests
in the Solomon Islands. Protestant missions in the New
Hebrides, excepting three northern islands, occupied by the
:
Melanesian Mission, are under the Presbyterian New Heb-

rides Mission, with 39 missionaries, men and women, and
over 300 native workers conducting work in 126 places, with
200 schools; 5,000 scholars, and about 8,000 professed Chris-
tians, of whom 3,000 are communicants. In the North and
West of Melanesia the Melanesian Mission of the Anglican
Church conducts missionary work on 30 islands, with 37
missionaries, men and women; 702 native workers; 289
schools; 18,690 scholars, and about 13,000 professed Chris-
tians, of whom 2,500 are communicants. The Australian
Methodists also have stations in one of the Solomon Islands
and in the Bismarck Archipelago.
In the Loyalty Islands (French) the LMS has a mission-
ary and his wife, with 399 native workers and 5,988 pro-
Paris Evangelical Missionary Society has a mission on
Mare in the Loyalty Islands and in New Caledonia, with 1
missionary and 40 native workers, who are mostly from the
Loyalty Islands. The number of native professed Chris-
tians is 5,000.
Micronesia: A name applied to groups of small islands
in the Western part of the North Pacific, including the
Caroline Islands, the Ladrone Islands, the Marshall Islands,
and the Gilbert Islands. The three gTOups first named are
a German possession, with the exception of the island of
Guam, which belongs to the United States. The Gilbert
Islands are under British control. The Ladrone Islands are
very small, their population being 2,000.
1. The Caroline Islands are 500 or more in number and
their population is (estimated) 140,000. To the west of the
Carolines are the Pelew Islands, about 26 in number, of
which the population is included in that of the Carolines.
2. The Marshall Islands are in two chains of 24 lagoon
islands, and a number of islets. Population (estimated),
15,000.
3. The Gilbert Islands number 16 and their popu-
atolls,
lation is reckoned at 35,000. Religions found in Micronesia
Pagan, about 160,000; Christians, 30,000 (Roman CathoHes,
12,000; Protestants, 18,000). The Roman Catholic missions

in these islands are carried on by the Order of the Sacred
Heart from Issodun. The reports are conflicting, but there
seem to be 11 priests. The Protestant missions are carried
on by the ABCFM, which reports 67 stations; 25 mission-
aries; 197 native workers; 99 schools; 4,262 scholars, and
cants. The LMS has a station in the Southern Gilbert
group, mentioned below under the head of Polynesia.
Polynesia: Includes the islands of the Pacific Ocean ly-
ing east of Australia, New Guinea, Melanesia, and Micron-
esia, and north of New Zealand. The principal groups are:
1. The Fiji Islands, a British colonial possession, compris-
ing 200 islands. Area (including Rotuma), 8,045 square
miles. Population (1901), 117,870, of whom about 2,500
are Europeans, 94,400 Fijians, and 17,000 Indians. Re-
(Roman Catholics, 9,338; Protes-
ligion: Christians, 100,864
tants,
91,526) Hindus and other pagans, 17,000. The
;
Roman Catholic missions are conducted by 13 Marist priests.

Protestant missions were carried on for many years by the
Wesleyan Missionary Society, and are now under charge of
the Australian Methodist Missionary Society. The SPG also
has 3 missionaries there.
2. The Samoan Islands, under protectorate of Germany,
with the exception of three small islands, which are depend-
encies of the United States. Area, about 1,100 square miles.
Population, 38,500. Religion: Christians (Protestants, 34,-
500; Roman Catholics, 4,000). The largest and oldest Prot-
estant mission is that of the London Missionary Society,
with 18 missionaries, men and women (including wives of
missionaries) 412 native workers; 205 schools; 8,052 schol-
;
ars, and 34,167 professed Christians, of whom 8,601 aro

communicants. The Seventh Day Adventists and the Sal-
vation Army also have work in Samoa. The Australasian
Methodists have a mission in the islands with about 2.0'^''
adherents.
3. The Cook or Hervey Islands: Adependency of N
Zealand. Area^ including Niue or Savage Island south ox
Samoa, 280 square miles. Population, about 12,000. Prot-

estant missions in these islands have been on
carried
by the LMS, which has there 10 missionaries, men and wom-
en; 67 native workers; 26 schools; 2,274 scholars, and
10,162 professed Christians, 3,554 being communicants.

4. The Ellice and the Tokelau Islands (under British con-
trol) Area of Ellice Islands, 14 square miles. Population,
;
2,400. Area of Tokelau Islands, 7 square miles. Popula-

tion, 1,050. These, with some of the islands of the Gilbert
group, have been evangelized by the London Missionary So-
ciety, which has in that field 1 missionary and his wife; 52
native workers; 12 schools; 1,643 scholars, and 8,215 pro-
5. The Tonga or Friendly Islands: A
British protector-
ate, ruled by a native king.Area, 390 square miles. Popu-
lation (1901), 18,959, of whom 18,300 are natives and 360
are Europeans and half breeds. The islands were evange-
lized by the Wesleyan Missionary Society, and are now one
of the fields of the Australian Methodist Missionary So-
ciety. About 2,000 of the people are Roman Catholics.
6. The (French Polynesia) Society Islands, with Tahiti
for the largest island, including the Leeward Islands; the
Tuamotu Islands; the Austral Islands; the Gamhier Islands,
and the Marquesas. Their aggregate area is about 1,520
square miles, and their population about 29,000. The relig-
ion is Christianity (Roman Catholics. 16,000 and Protes-
tants, 9,800). The Roman Catholic missionaries are of
the Order of the Sacred Heart of Jesus and Mary. They
have 18 priests and 52 schools. The Protestant missions are
maintained by the Paris Evangelical Missionary Society,
which has 58 stations and out-stations; 10 missionaries; 44
native workers; 3 schools; 507 scholars, and 8,110 pro-
fessed Christians, of whom 4,427 are communicants. Mor-
mons are active in the Protestant islands.
The missionary enterprise in Polynesia stands for one of
the earliest compassionate efforts
of Western Christendom.
The people were savages in different degi-ees of brutaliza-
tion, and they therefore needed to hear of the Christ and
His rule of manhood. By much devotion, with not a little

sacrifice ofthese distant groups of islands have been
life,
changed so that many of them play a tangible part in the
work of the commercial world. A
fact not to be overlooked is
the part which the Christianized islanders have taken too in
the work of evangelizing neighbors. Men from Samoa were
pioneer missionaries in the New Hebrides, and men from
Fiji, Samoa, and Loyalty Islands are to-day working as mis-
sionaries in New Guinea.
The Largest Cities in the Foreign Mission Field
EUROPE
Bulgaria.
Sofia 1900* 67,920
Greece.
Athens 1896 111,486
Italy.
Naples 1901 563,731
Milan 1901 491,460
Rome 1901 463,000
Turin 1901 335,639
Palermo 1901 310,352
Genoa 1901 234,800
Florence 1901 204,950
Bologna 1901 152,009
Venice 1901 151,841
Messina 1901 149,823
Catania 1901 149,694
Leghorn 1901 98,505
Ferrara 1901 87,697
Padua 1901 82,283
Bari 1901 79,693
Lucca 1901 74,718
Verona 1901 74,261
Alessandria 1901 71,293
Brescia .1901 70,618
^Pftte of census or estimate.
Modena 1901 64,941

Ravenna 1901 63,839
Perugia 1901 61,453
Pisa 1901 61,279
Trapani 1901 60,257
Reggio 1901 59,176
Ancona 1901 56,825
Cagliari 1901 53,734
Foggia 1901 53,351
Malta.
LaValetta est. 62,152
Roumania.
Bucharest 1899 282,071
Jassy 1899 78,067
Galatz 1899 62,678
Servia.
Belgrade est. 69,097
Turkey.
Constantinople est. 1,125,000
Spain.
Madrid 1897 512,150
Barcelona 1897 509,589
Valencia 1897 204,768
Seville 1897 146,205
Malaga 1897 125,579
Murcia 1897 108,408
Zaragoza 1897 98,188
Carthagena 1897 86,245
Granada 1897 75,054
Bilbao 1897 74,093
Cadiz 1897 70,177
Valladolid 1897 68,746
Palma 1897 62,525
Jeres 1897 60,004
Lorea 1897 59,624
Cordoba 1897 57,313
Santander 1897 50,640
ASIA
Bokhara.
Bokhara est. 75,000
Ceylon.
Colombo 1901 158,093
China*
Canton est. 1,600,000
Peking est. 1,000,000
Shanghai est 380,000
Hankow est. 300,000
Fuchau est. 636,000
Amoy est. 96,000
Hong-kong est. 283,975
Chengtu-fu est. 800,000
Dutch East Indies.

Surabaya 1897 142,980
Batavia 1897 115,567
Samarang 1897 84,266
India.
Calcutta 1901 1,125,000
Bombay 1901 776,000
Madras 1901 509,346
Haidarabad 1901 448,466
Lueknow 1901 264,049
Rangoon 1901 234,881
Benares 1901 209,331
Delhi 1901 208,575
Lahore 1901 202,964
Cawnpur 1901 197,170
Agra 1901 188,022
Ahmadabad 1901 185,889
Mandalay 1901 183,816
Allahabad 1901 172,032
Amritsar 1901 162,429
Jaipur 1901 160,167
* A great number of towns and cities in this country are entitled
by their population to mention, but are omitted because statistics
Jack, guesses being generally substituted for the census.
Bangalore 1901 159,046

Howrah 1901 157,594
Poona 1901 153,320
Patna 1901 134,785
Bareilli 1901 131,208
Nagpur 1901 127,734
Srinagar 1901 122,618
Surat 1901 119,306
Meerut 1901 118,129
Karachi 1901 116,163
Madura 1901 105,984
Trichinopoli 1901 104,721
Baroda 1901 103,790
Pashawar 1901 95,147
Dacca 1901 90,542
Jabalpur 1901 90,316
Lashkar 1901 89,154
Rawalpindi 1901 87,688
Multan 1901 87,394
Mirzapur 1901 79,862
Ambala 1901 78,638
Rampur 1901 78,758
Bhopal 1901 77,023
Calicut 1901 76,981
Shahjahanpur 1901 76,458
Bhagalpur 1901 75,760
Sholapur 1901 75,288
Moradabad 1901 75,128
Faizabad 1901 75,085
Ajmer 1901 73,829
Gaya 1901 71,288
Salem 1901 70,621
Aligarh 1901 70,434
Mysore 1901 68,111
Jalandhar 1901 67,735
Farukhabad 1901 67,338
Imphal , 1901 67,093
Saharanpur 1901 66,254

Darbhangah 1901 66,244
Gorakhpur 1901 64,148
Jodpur 1901 60,437
Hubli 1901 60,214
Muttra 1901 60,042
Combaconam 1901 59,673
Moulmein 1901 58,446
Bellary 1901 58,247
Sialkot 1901 57,956
Trivandrum 1901 57,882
Tanjore 1901 57,870
Negapatam 1901 57,190
Alwar 1901 56,771
Jhansi 1901 55,724
Navanagar 1901 53,844
Patiala 1901 53,545
Coimbatore 1901 53,080
Bikanir 1901 53,075
Cuddalore 1901 52,216
Kolhapur 1901 51,373
Cuttack 1901 51,346
Japan.
Tokio 1898 1,440,121
Osaka 1898 821,235
Kioto 1898 353,139
Nagoya 1898 244,145
Kobe 1898 215,780
Yokohama 1898 193,762
Hiroshima 1898 122,306
Nagasaki 1898 107,422
Kanazawa 1898 83,662
Sendai 1898 83,325
Hakodati 1898 78,040
Fukuoka 1898 66,190
Korea.
Seoul 1901 196,646
Malay States.
Kuala Lumpor ( Selangor ) 1901 77,234
Persia.
Teheran est. 250,000
Tabriz est. 180,000
Ispahan est. 80,000
Kerman est. 70,000
Philippine Islands.
Manila 1902 297,154
Eussia in Asia.
Tiflis 1897 160,645
Tashkend 1897 156,414
Astrakhan 1897 112,880
Baku 1897 112,253
Kokand 1897 82,054
Yekaterinoslav 1897 65,697
Namangan 1897 61,906
Samarkand 1897 54,900
Tomsk 1897 52,430
Irkutsk 1897 51,434
Siam.
Bangkok 1900 600,000
Turkey.
Smyrna est. 201,000
Baghdad est. 145,000
Damascus est. 140,000
Aleppo est. 127,150
Beirut est. 118,800
Salonica est. 105,000
Adrianople est. 81,000
Brusa est. 76,303
Cesarea est. 72,000
Kerbela est. 65,000
Mosul est. 61,000
Mecca est. 60,000
The Blue Book of Missions for 19Q7 79
AFRICA
Algeria.
Algiers 1899 96,784
Oran 1899 85,081
British East Africa.
Zanzibar est. 55,000
Cape Colony.
Cape Town 1902 167,000
Egypt.
Cairo 1897 570,062
Alexandria 1897 319,766
Tanta 1897 57,289
Mauritius.
Port Louis 1901 52,749
Morocco.
Fez est. 140,000
Natal
Durban 1902 60,446
Nigeria.
Kano est. 100,000
Bida est. 90,000
Ilorin est. 50,000
Yakoba est. 50,000
Transvaal.
Johannesburg 1896 102,078
Tunis.
Tunis 1901 170,000
AMERICA
Argentina.
Buenos Aires 1901 836,381
Rosario .1901 112,461
Brazil.
Rio de Janeiro 1900 750,000
Bahia 1890 174,412
Pernambuco 1890 111,556
:
Sao Paolo 1890 64,934

Ouro Preto 1890 59,249
Porto Alegre 1890 52,421
Belem 1890 50,064
Colombia.
Bogota 1886 120,000
Venezuela.
Caracas 1894 72,429
Peru.
Lima est. 100,000
Chile.
Santiago 1900 291,725
Valparaiso 1900 135,674
Mexico.
Mexico 1900 402,000
Puebla 1900 88,684
Guadalajara 1900 83,934
San Luis Potosi 1900 69,050
Leon 1900 58,426
Uruguay.
Montevideo 1895 215,069
West Indies.
Port of Spain (Trinidad) 1901 55,000
PROGRESS IN THE MISSION FIELD

Some nineteen hundred years ago, honest uncertainty as
to how the missionary enterprise should be classed was ex-
pressed by Gamaliel in his memorable speech about the mis-
sion at Jerusalem. After Peter and the other apostles had
been sent out of the Council Hall for a little while, he said
"Refrain from these men and let them alone; for if this
counsel or this work be of men, it will be overthrown; but
if it be of God, ye will not be able to overthrow them; lest
haply ye be found even to be fighting against God." What

the great Pharisee referred to in this uncertain way, as a
"counsel" or perhaps a "work" was nothing more nor less
than the proclamation of the gospel of Jesus Christ among

the people, to the perplexity and dismay of the Jewish
leaders. This work is aggressive or nothing; it has always
kindled bitterness of opposition. So it offers room to apply
Gamaliel's test. Since neither cynical indifference, nor
masterly strategy, nor physical force has been able to over-
throw it, its persistence arouses awe and imposes reverence
in its study.
GROWTH IN MISSIONS A NEW TEST
Any attempt to-day to survey the world-wide mission
field emphasizes the fact, however, that persistent escape
from destruction is less wonderful than progress in mis-
sions. Increase is the salient fact of the work. There is
increase in the number of converts and growth in their
quality, increase in the desire of converts to bring others
to Christ, and increase in the number of those not yet
Christians who, dissatisfied with their own religious ideas,
are insensibly and unknowingly approaching the outskirts
of the Kingdom of Christ. What has growth as well as
permanence has life and God giveth the increase.
1. Increase in Numbers.
Look at the islands of the Pacific, each formerly the
enemy of every other. Some 350 missionaries, men and
women, supported by a dozen or so of different societies,
occupy about 200 central stations in those islands. With the
native workers whom they have trained they labor in about
2,000 different places. Slowly but continuously the people
on their volcanic rock-heaps or palm-fringed atolls have been
learning to surrender themselves to Jesus Christ as Saviour,
King and Guide, until now, in Micronesia, Polynesia, the
New Hebrides and Melanesia, about 300,000 people profess
to beChristians, and every year adds to their number.
Many of them are very simple and crude and faulty speci-
mens of manhood, but many of them are strong and tested
men of power; and about 3,000 of them are teachers and
preachers with a Christian experience that shows them to
have received the Holy Spirit even as we.
Look at Africa, the home of unresponsive muck-raking.

Mohammedanism most secure, most aggressive, and dan-
is
gerous to the last degree in Africa. Yet in Morocco, Algiers,

Tunis, and Egypt there have been converts from Moham-
medanism during the past year. The North Africa Mission
has a score of converted Mohammedans as evangelists. The
keeper of the Bible depot at Suez is an earnest Christian
who but a few years ago was a Mohammedan and an ex-
pounder of the holy law in Zanzibar. All along the north-
em coast line Mohammedan youth are studying in mis-
sionary schools; and by the grace of God the recent
Conference at Cairo of missionaries working among Mo-
hammedans everywhere is a step forward that will affect
the whole Mohammedan world. As to the central and
southern portions of the great black continent, in the older
mission fields, like South Africa, Sierra Leone, and the
Lagos protectorate, now merged in South Nigeria, Chris-
tianity is rooted in the soil of the land. There are in these
lands some 750,000 Christians, many of them of the third
generation, winning additions every year from the sur-
rounding people. In Natal the past year has seen an official
government investigation into the quality of manhood
fostered by the native Christian church. The verdict has
been that it is good; and that missions ought to be en-
couraged by Government for the sake of their fruits in
citizenship. In the newer fields, like Uganda, Nyasaland,
Angola, Kameruu and British and German East Africa,
the reports all show progress in spite of hindrances and
backward eddyings of the current. In the Congo region,
notwithstanding the horrors of Belgian commercial greed,
enquiry, interest and conversions appear in every report.
One evening at nightfall a few months ago a missionary on
the Congo river in a steam launch, seeking a place to moor
the boat for the night, was startled by a lusty chorus of
men's voices singing in the native language "All hail the
power of Jesus' Name." The missionary had found his
place to stop; for there among the reeds were some big
canoes full of young Africans on a fishing excursion, and
there were Christians among them with Bibles and hymn

books. And of the Dark Continent! As
this in the heart
the missionary joined in the words "and crown Him Lord
f all/'he felt somewhat as old Simeon did in the temple,
satisfied because he had seen the salvation of the Lord.
India is a land of many nations strangely inventive in
methods of debasing religion. It is estimated that since the
census report of 1901, at least 300,000 converts have been
baptized, largely among the poorest and most despised of
the people, thus bringing the mission work there into vis-
ible identity with that of Him who gave as one of the marks
of his mission that to the poor the gospel was preached.
Converts have also been won among self-sufficient Brah-
mans and haughty Mohammedans. Some idea of the steady
progress may be derived from a note of the Census Com-
missioner on South India. He gives as a net result in
Travancore, of the census changes of the last 25 years, the
fact that out of every 10,000 of the population 373 Hindus
have disappeared, and have been replaced by 333 Chris-
tians .and 40 Mohammedans. Special movements of prog-
ress are the revivals inAssam, in several places in North
India, and in the Bombay Presidency; and the strange
evangelistic campaign in Burma, conducted by Ko-san-ye,
which has brought pagans literally by thousands into rela-
tions with the Christian churches among the Karens, and
an equally remarkable turning to Christ among the wild
tribes in the north of Burma bordering on Chinese terri-
tory. We
cannot pause to describe the fraternizing of
Christians of different races seen in the visit to India in
March, 1906, of two well known Japanese Christian pastors
who addressed large audiences with great acceptance in
several of the great cities, with the object of stirring the
people to Christ-like activity in evangelization.
In China, where distrust of God makes every man try to
be his own providence, the centenary of Protestant missions
is to be celebrated next year. During the first 35 years of
the century little visible impression was made upon the
Chinese. According to tables just compiled, the number of
Chinese Christian communicants has doubled every seven

years since 1842. At the end of 1905 the number of com-
municants was about 150,000. When Dr. Griffith John of
the London Misionary Society, prepared to return to Eng-
land on furlough, a few months ago, he called attention to
a fact full of significance. He entered Hankow, in central
China, 45 years ago. Then there was not a single Chris-
tian convert in all that great city. When he left the city
he went with the joyful reflection that the gospel is per-
manently established there in the hearts of 8,000 believers.
The tale of increase in China is but just commencing and
the gospel now shows its power in almost every district.
A few steps take one over the boundary into Korea, long
held by China in a seclusion where self-satisfaction has had
time to become profound. The Christian churches have
about 20,000 members with about 20,000 candidates for
baptism. Close and intelligent study of the Bible and ap-
plication of its principles of life are characteristics of the
Korean Christians. During the past year interest in Chris-
tianity has been marked, even in the southern parts of the
country, long callous to the gospel message. This year,
among the nobility, the most impervious class of Koreans,
seekers after light are studying the New Testament with
emotion. The changed life of converts strikes the con-
sciences of their neighbors. Recently a highway robber in
Korea, like the men moved to repentance under the preach-
ing of John the Baptist, was no sooner converted than
he asked, "What must I do fOn being satisfied that Jesus
Christ expected him to confess his crimes, he gave hi .self
up to the authorities. The Governor of the province said
that never before in all Korean history had a criminal made
voluntary confession. Therefore this ex-highwayman should
not be beheaded as the law required. He pardoned and dis-
missed the new convert with commendation of his wisdom
in adopting a religion that can change the heart.
From Korea we pass into Japan, where a sturdy nation
stands at the parting of the ways, having to choose between
life and death, blessing and cursing, but being in great
measure insensible to the far-reaching consequences of the

choice now to be made. The war has brought some f the •
people in closer contact with Christianity, but has not so

thoroughly abolished indifference as was hoped. Yet there
is growth. At the close of 1905 the number of Christians
in Japan was abouc 350,000, including Roman Catholics,
with about 450 ordained Japanese Christian ministers and
some 600 unordained Christian teachers and evangelists.
The gospel is regularly preached in about 1,000 towns and
villages and the Protestant communicants are more than
50,000. One notable fact as to the Christians of Japan is
the influence which they have in the affairs of the nation.
There seems to be little bigotry to exclude Christians from
participation according to their ability in political and
national affairs. The editors of four out of twelve leading
newspapers in Japan are Christian men. The Christians
are recognized pioneers in reform and in general benevolent
work. For this reason the influence of the Christians of
Japan is found to be many fold out of proportion to their
numerical strength.
Time will not allow more than mention of the increase of
the number of Christians in lesser fields. In Sumatra, for
instance, the report of the German Rhenish mission showed
last year 4,712 pagans and 136 Mohammedans baptized.
There is increase wrung out of rocky soil in Ceylon, in
Persia, in the border lands of Tibet, and even in Arabia
the neglected and the well-fortified against the message of
Jesus Christ. In all fields missionary work has transformed
multitudes of men and women into cross-bearing, self-
denying and light-giving followers of Jesus Christ. This
salient fact of steady increase of Christian believers recalls
once more the fitness of the gospel to meet the need of
peoples the most different in race, social customs, habits
of thought, and religious belief. The Bible Societies, which
everywhere supply the preacher with the book that he
expounds, report a great increase of their issues during the
past year. The British and Foreign Bible Society issued
during 1905 more than six million, the American Bible
Society more than two million two hundred thousand, and

the Scottish National Bible Society nearly two million
volumes of Bibles, Testaments, and lesser portions of Scrip-
ture. These figures show in each ease a gain of about
twenty per cent over the issues of 1904. Single stations
may stand still or lose ground, but in each country the
missionaries praise God for tangible increase that shows
His use of missions to work His will among the nations.
2. Increase of Evangelistic Effort by Converts.

Increase has no meaning if confined to figures. Increase
of numbers here, however, represents an increase of force.
Converts separated by vast distances, by language, and by
divergent interests and aims, and taught by many different
denominations, nevertheless attain a recognizable likeness
to one another, through growth toward likeness to the great
Head of the Church. It is evident that the root of the
matter is in these growing bodies of Christians because they
voluntarily take up the work for others which Christ did,
and which He made a mark of His followers. This has been
noteworthy in the revivals in Madagascar. Glimpses of the
same activity are seen in India. Even native officials who
are Christians, in some cases Mohammedans in origin, are
giving their time outside of office hours to true evangelistic
work. In Korea this activity is a regularly understood
responsibility undertaken along with membership in the
Christian Church. Christian officers in the Japanese army
have been found teaching Christ to Chinese in Manchuria.
Little societies of Japanese Christians maintain mission-
aries to people of their own race in Formosa, in Manchuria,
in Korea, and in China. In Oceania, Samoans and Fijians
are missionaries in New Guinea, and Christians of the
Loyalty Islands are giving their lives to teaching the pagans
of New Caledonia. In the first days of this year a man
died in a village of southern Nigeria in West Africa who
used to be a famous fetish priest. He became a Christian.
He had no scientific education, but as he lived on his farm,
he told his neighbors how "xeat things the Lord had done
for him, and he read to them the Bible. Before his life
reached its peaceful close that former priest of Satan had
led fully one thousand pagans to confess faith in Jesus
Christ. In Borneo and in Java there are new missionary
stations whose foundations were laid by Chinese Christian
business men who brought their countrymen together for
Bible study, and persuaded them to let the Bible mold
their lives. Chinese Christians in America are building
chapels for little Christian congregations in China, and in
China itself more people are won by native Christians to
the first steps in faith than by missionaries. In India the
National Missionary Society was formed in the last days
of 1905. What it will accomplish is yet uncertain. But the
plan has the support of hundreds of thousands of Indian
Christiaris throughout the length and breadth of the Em-
pire. Innumerable instances of the growth of activity
among members of the mission churches prove that Christ
is in the hearts of these converts and illustrate the rule that
a passion to save men overcomes all obstacles. We did not
know we were calling out this immense volume of
that
latent power when we obeyed the command to teach all
nations. But God knew it.
3. Changes that Facilitate Missions,

This is not all that a survey reveals as to progress in
missions. field, unconnected directly with
In the mission
efforts of missionaries, are discovered sudden changes in
surroundings, unforeseen and unheard-of removals of ob-
stacles, welcome but unhoped-for facilities for extending
the sphere of missionary operations —
inviting, yes, com-
manding opportunities. "You cannot imagine the enthu-
siasm," says a missionary on the Congo, "with which we were
received pÎ pI^^ît the river bolow Yakusu. Dozens of boats
surrounded the steamer filled with people shouting welcome
and all calling out, 'Have you books? Books! we want
more books !* " The people knew their own insufficiency
and called for light. Like occurrences show the temper of
the people in Kamenin, the Gold Coast Colony, Uganda,
and other African fields. India, the abode of all extrava-
—
88 The Blub Book of Missions for 1907
gances in philosophy and religion, is now in a religious

and social ferment the hoary system of Hindu observances
;
is being doctored over to bring it into

harmony with mod-
ern, that is to say, with Christian requirements, for other-
wise it cannot retain the respect of the educated. In a less
degree the same is true of educated Mohammedans. Some
of these in India are trying to purge their religion of
blemishes revealed to them by the light of the gospel. Th(3y
fail to see that after such cleansing the residue ceases to
be Mohammedanism.
A similar general sense of dissatisfaction with the old
religions appears in Japan. Since the war, Shintoism is
not a religion; people even question whether it is a worthy
sentiment. Leading Buddhists educated above the level
of the priests, mournfully admit that a revival of their
religion in Japan seems impossible. We have the strange
spectacle of Buddhists adopting the methods of Christians
issuing tracts, organizing Endeavor Societies and Sunday
schools, preaching on the street corners to the accompani-
ment of a baby organ, etc. But while the philosophy of
Buddhism is not easily to be displaced, the religion of the
system is wedded to ignorance. The four million students
in the Government schools of Japan will soon be four mil-
lion judges to declare that as a religion Buddhism is weighed
and found wanting. In China the new theories of education,
and the new determination to find and use che principles
that have given nations power, caused the suppression of
the old classics in the schools, and this has smitten Con-
fucianism in its vitals. In some parts of the empire
temples have been transformed into school houses, the idols,
by Government order, being cast out to make room. Some
of the idols were burned unregretted, some like Aaron's
golden calf were broken up and cast into the river to be
carried by the floods where none can find them again, and
so gods in whom the people trusted have met their predes-
tined end by being '^cast to the moles and the bats."
Even some Roman Catholic countries changes of this
in
same class are to be noted. The publication by the Church
of the Scriptures for the common people is one of these
The Blue Book of Missiojfs for 1907 89
changes. Think of this event, my brethren ! Some years ago

the circulation of the Bible by Protestants forced Roman
Catholics in Syria to bring out an "authorized" version of
the New Testament in Arabic. Two or three years ago the
Pope authorized and blessed a cheap edition of the New
Testament in Italian. Last year the Roman Catholic Arch-
bishop of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil urged his people, whether
educated or not, to study a new Portuguese translation of
the Gospels; and now, this year, a Roman Catholic priest
in France has made a translation of the New Testament
into French, and eminent Jesuit authorities have pro-
nounced it very good. The character of the notes with
which all of these new Roman Catholic versions are sup-
plied, with a view to combating Protestant interpretations
of Scripture, does not in the least take from the importance
of a movement which loosens the chains that sought to bind
the written word in that great church.
The very Governments facilitate the work of missions,
Britain during the year has invited the establishment of
another new mission in the Egyptian Sudan. In Africa
European Governments within twenty years have made
great expanses of territory safe for missionary tours. In
East Africa and South Africa and French West Africa,
railroads, and on the upper Nile, the Niger, the Congo, and
the Senegal, steamers speed the touring missionary on his
way. The French Government within the last year has
begun to put into effect a uniform system of common school
education in all that enormous territory lying in the north-
ern part of the African continent between Algeria and
"ûnis on the north, and Dahomey and the Niger on the
south. This region is a vast hotbed and nursery for Mo-
hammedan fanatics. But the one thing that surely cuts the
nerve of Mohammedan fanaticism, and reduces the Moham-
medan religious system to its common-place level, is the
popularization of science. In taking steps for the edu-
cation of millions of Mohammedans in Africa, France
unwittingly is preparing the way for the Kingdom of
Light in which there is no darkness at all. The Japanese
Coverament during the past year has risen to leadership
of the far East, deposing China from that high position.

Government from whose administration every
It is a liberal
trace of bigotry against Christianity has disappeared. This
momentous change of equilibrium, too, is in the line of
missionary progress. All these changes are of one nature;
they prepare a way for the rule of theKingdom of Christ.
THE MEANING OF PROGRESS IN MISSIONS
Our sui'vey of the progress of missions gives a basis for

classifying ihe enterprise. Some still call it a pitiable waste
of energy, money and talent. But we have a right to claim
that it is a factor in the destiny of our race, of superlative
importance to mankind and to every individual. The per-
sistence of the undertaking, the steady increase in numbers
of the Christians of the missionary field; their notable
growth in fulfilling the Christian's duty toward those yet
unmoved; the vague dissatisfaction that is suggesting im-
provements in the national or tribal religions, and, further-
more, the unintended helps to missions yielded by Gov-
ernments which are seeking their own ends, are cumulative
evidences for this claim. All these work together with a
uniform trend that fortifies our claim of one Great Cause,
even the Almighty Himself.
Immeasurable opportunities are before those who live in
this age. In a grand, imperialistic sense the Kingdom is
at hand. It is the same Kingdom for which Jesus Christ
in visible presence used to urge his followers to prepare.
He used to say that the Kingdom was at hand, because
forces already in slow, silent operation would overturn and
overturn until He should come to His throne. Christians
in this age must seek His Kingdom and His righteousness
fii-st above all things. Let this simple truth be to each one
of us a permanent acquisition of motive from any \dsion
given us of the fact that God is using missions as a chosen
instrument for hastening the coming of the day when He
whose right it is shall reign. For when all things shall
have been put under His feet then the King Himself will
come in His glory.
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96 The Blue Book of Missions for 1907'
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— .
STATISTICS OF THE GREAT RELIGIONS OF

THE WORLD
The material from which these tables has been compiled consists, for
the British Colonies, of census reports of 1901 (wherever a census of that date
was taken) as summarized in the India List, Colonial List, or the States-
man's Year Book of 1904. As an exception, summaries (unofl&cial) of the
census of 1904 have been used in dealing with South Africa. For Russia,
the census of 1897 is the basis, the unofficial "estimates" of increase since
that date being also considered. In China, the official "estimate" of 1901
has been adopted. The Missionary reports published during 1904 have
aided in compiling the statistics of Christianity. The method followed has
been in each case to establish by use of the best available material the
population and religious statistics of each country or colony and then build
up the statistics of the continent by addition of these. For instance, the
figures given for Africa represent the aggregate of the statistics of 43 differ-
ent countries, colonies, or spheres of influence. The method though labor-
ious, would lead to valuable results were all the countries subject to census.
In actual fact, however, the population of great territories in Asia and
Africa and in islands like New Guinea is known by estimate (or guess) only.
Moreover in China religious statistics are of the most uncertain quality,
because so many of the people are at the same time Buddhists and Taoists
and Confucianists. These tables, therefore, are put forth as a careful esti-
mate, which may, however, be changed when the progress of civilization
produces more precise data, but which are proper and convenient to use as
a working hypothesis for a time. We
should explain, perhaps, the column
in these statistics beaded Animists, Fetishists, etc. It includes a type rather
than any one species of belief —Shamanists of Asia, as well as Juju-men
of Africa.
Christians
Africa 2.665.000 2,493,000 3.799,000 3^1,000 50,810,000 11,000

America, N.. 64,488.000 36,693,000 1,000,000 1.069,000 15,000 5.000
America, S... 362,000 36,125,000 22,000 10,000
Aaia 1.542.000 5,385,000 17,144,000 482,000 141,456,000 137,900.000
Australasia.. 3.424,000 964,000 1,000 17,000 3,000 4,000
Europe 92.922.000 183.754,000 98.213.000 9,247.000 3,576,000
Malaysia 416.500 7.095.500 3.000 20,760,000
Oceania 247,000 129,000 1.000 15,000
Aggregate.. 166,06 ;,500 272,638,50(^120, 157,000 11,222,000 216,630,000 137.935.000
PART II
THE SOCIETIES
"And I heard the voice of the Lord saying, Whom shall
I send and who will go for us? Then I said, Here am I,
—
send me." Isaiah 6:8.
100
SOCIETIES IN THE UNITED STATES
Note:— For Women's Missionary Societies, see section headed " Woman's
Work."
AFRICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH

(1847) : Parent Home and
Foreign Missionaiy Society of
the '.Headquarters: 61 Bible House, New York; President:
Bishop C. T. Schaffer; Secretary and Treasurer: Rev. H.
B. Parks, D.D.; Fields: Canada, British West Indies, Haiti
and San Domingo, Cuba, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cape Col-
ony, Transvaal, Orange River Colony; Income and Expen-
diture: No information; Organ: Voice of Missions, month-
ly. General Notes: The Society is deeply interested in the
Ethiopian movement in South Africa. It is desirous of cor-
recting any impression that its aim, however, is in any way
political.
AMERICAN METHODIST EPISCOPAL ZION

CHURCH: Home and Frontier Missionary Society of the:
Headquarters: Birmingham, Alabama; Secretary: Rev. A.
J. Warner.
AMERICAN ADVENT MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(1866): Headquarters: 160 Warren street, Boston, Mass.;
Secretary: Rev. A. H. Davis, Boston, Mass.; Treasurer:
Elder J. W. Evans, same address; Fields: Home: East of
the western Pennsylvania line and North and South. For-
eign: China, Cape Verde Islands. Income, year ending
September 30, 1906: About $16,000; Expenditures : About
$15,000; Organ: Prophetic and Mission Record. General
Notes: The Society reports 10 missionaries, men and
women, in the foreign field, with 400 Communicants.
Advent Christian Woman^s Home and Foreign Mis-
sionary Society: SeeWoman's Work Section.
Am. Advent Western Home Mission Board: Secretafy
lOJ
and Treasurer, Elder J. August Smith, 1121 No. Church

street,Rockford, 111.
Am. Advent Southern Home Mission Board: Secretary
and Treasurer, George H. James, Wilmington, N. C.
Woman's Missionary Union, auxiliary to the Southern
Home Mission Board.
Helpers* Union and Central Mission Branch: See Wom-
an's Work Section.
AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY UNION

(1814) Headquarters: Ford Building, Boston, Mass.; Cor.
:
Secretaries: Rev. H. C. Mabie, Rev. T. S. Barbour, Rev.,

F. P. Haggard; Treasurer: C. W. Perkins; Fields: Burma,
Assam, South India; China, Japan, Congo Independent
State, Philippine Islands; France, Germany, Austria-
Hungary, Bulgaria, Sweden, Spain, Russia, Denmark, Nor-
way; Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $883,160.34;
Expenditures: $926,197.55; Organ: Baptist Misssionary
Magazine, monthly; General Notes: The whole number of
its missionaries, not including those in Europe, is 549, with
4,345 native workers, and 130,902 baptized communicants.
Baptisms in 1905 in pagan lands numbered 15,626, and in'
Europe, 6,965.
Large ingatherings have marked the work, particularly
in the Philippine Islands and among the tribes around
Kengtung, Burma. Educational work in China and Japan
is emphasized in view of present opportunities. For the
strengthening of all its educational work the society hss
taken steps for raising a fund of $500,000 for education,
partly for endowment, partly for building, and partly as
a reserve for advance. Special efforts have been made for
informing the home constituency by bright, up-to-date liter-
ature and by study classes. A forward movement is being
carried on among Sunday schools.
Woman's Baptist Foreign Missionary Society; Woman's
Baptist Foreign Missionary Society of the West: See
Woman's Work Section.
AHEEJCAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY;

Thb Blue Book of Missions for 1907 103
Headquarters: Metropolitan Building, 312 Fourth avenue,

New York City; Corresponding Secretary: Rev. H. L.
Morehouse, D.D. Assistant Corresponding Secretary: Rev.
;
A. Turnbull; Editorial Secretary: Rev. H. B. Grose; Field

Secretary: Rev. E. E. Chivers, D.D.; Treasurer: Frank T.
Moulton, Esq.; Fields: United States, North Western
Canada, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico; Income, year ending
March 31, 1906: $805,403.57; Organ: Baptist Home Mis-
sion Monthly; General Notes: The Society has (1905)' 1,552
missionaries; has maintained 44 schools for colored people
and Indians; has aided in erecting 114 church edifices; has
had 312 missionaries among the foreign population; reports
375 baptisms in Cuba and 270 in Porto Rico during the
year, and in the two islands together 51 churches with
3,734 members; altogether it reports 8,432 baptisms during
the year and a total church membership of 72,453.
Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society;
Women's Baptist Home Mission Society: See Woman's
Work Section.
AMERICAN BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS FOR

FOREIGN MISSIONS (1810): Headquarters: Congrega-
tional House, 14 Beacon Boston, Mass.; Denomina-
street,
tion: Congregational; Secretaries: Rev. James L. Barton,
Rev. Cornelius H. Patton; Editorial Secretary: Rev. E. E.
Strong; Treasurer: F. H. Wiggin; Fields: Angola, West
Africa, Natal, Portuguese East Africa, Rhodesia, Turkey,
India, Ceylon, China, Mexico, Japan, Philippine Islands,
Micronesia, Austria, Spain Income, year ending August 31,
;
1906: $913,159.64; Expenditures: $853,680.58; Organ:

Missionary Herald, monthly; General Notes: In Angola,
West Africa, the Society has met with opposition from
—
the Portuguese officials an opposition that is seemingly
the tribute of narrow-minded men to success that they can-
not understand. In Turkey it has had more hope of being
granted the same rights as to education as are allowed by
Turkey to European Missionary enterprises. In China the
ruins left b^ the outbreaks of 1900 have been reconstructed,
;
and the awakening of interest in Western civilization shows

itself in large attendance at mission services, crowding of
schools, and demand for expansion in all lines of effort
that the opportunities calling for attention may be used.
In the Philippine Islands the missionary in Mindanao is
making steady progress and finding ready access to pagans.
In India and Ceylon, the missions continue to make steady
progress, with fresh emphasis laid on the fruitfulness of
educational and medical work used as truly evangelistic
agencies. In Japan the war with Russia has opened larger
opportunities and has also developed independence among
the "Kumiai" churches. Twenty-one churches have become
entirely independent, as self-supporting or aided by the
Japanese Home Missionary Society. The Society's mis-
sionaries, men and women, number 580. It has 4,185 native
workers, and about 164,000 professing Christians, of whom
Woman's Board of Missions, auxiliary toABCFM: See
AMERICAN CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY

(1860) Merged into Board of Missions of Protestant Epis-
:
copal Church in the U. S. A. which see.

AMERICAN CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(Disciples) Headquarters : Y. M. C. A. Building, Cin-
:
cinnati, 0. Corresponding Secretary : Rev. Wm. J. Wright

;
Treasurer: Clarence J. Neare; Income, year ending Sept.

30, 1905 $100,323.03. In addition to this about $169,463.35
:
was received during the year by the State boards for local
work; Organ: American Home Missionary, monthly.
AMERICAN FRIENDS BOARD OF FOREIGN MIS-
SIONS (1894) Headquarters : Richmond, Indiana; Su^
:
perintendent of Missions: Zenas L. Martin; Secretary:

Mrs. Mahalah Jay; Treasurer: James Carey, Jr., 119 E.
Lombard street, Baltimore, Md.; Fields: Cuba; it presents
also the work of the Yearly Meetings, with fields in Mexico,
Jamaica, Japan, Alaska, Palestine, India, China, British
East Africa^ and Central America^ Income^ year ending
:
March 31, 1905, including the Home contributions of the

various yearly meetings: $69,073; Organ: The American
Friend.
AMERICAN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION (1846)

Headquarters: 287 Fourth avenue, New York; Denomina-
tion: Congregational; Secretaries: Rev. J. W. Cooper,
Rev. C. J. Ryder; Treasurer: H. W. Hubbard; Fields:
Special populations in the United States, Indians,
Japanese, Chinese; white and colored in Southern States;
Hawaii, Porto Rico; Income, year ending September 30,
1905: $342,172.22; Expenditure: $363,509.13; Organ:
American Missionary.
American Bamabai Association: See Woman's Work
Section.
AMERICAN UNITARIAN ASSOCIATION (1825):

Headquarters: 25 Beacon street, Boston, Mass.; President:
Rev. Samuel A. Eliot, D.D.; Secretary: Rev. Charles E.
St. John; Assistant Secretary: Mr. Geo. W. Fox; Treas-
urer: Francis H. Lincoln; Fields: The United States,
Japan; Income, year ending April 30, 1906: $285,000;
Expenditure: For Home Missions, $124,583.17; Foreign
Missions, $3,200.
ASSOCIATE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN SYNOD

OF THE SOUTH (1875) Board of Foreign Missions of
:
the; Headquarters : Due West, South Carolina; Secretary:

Rev. W. L. Pressly, D.D.
BRETHREN IN CHRIST (River Brethren) Foreign :
Missionary Board of the (1896) Headquarters: LfOuis-

:
ville, Ohio; Secretary: Elder 0. Baker.
CENTRAL AMERICA MISSION (1890) : Headquar-

ters: Dallas,Texas; Denomination: Interdenominational;
Secretary: Rev. C. I. Scofield; Treasurer: D. H. Scott,
Paris, Texas; Fields: Guatemala, Nicaragua, Honduras,
Salvador, Costa Rica; Iticome: About $5,000; Organ: Cen-
tral American Bulletin General Notes : The Society reports
;
28 missionaries and 1,050 communicants.

CHRISTIAN CHURCH (1880) Mission Board of the:

:
Headquarters: C. P. A. Building, Dayton, Ohio; General

Secretary and Treasurer: Rev. J. G. Bishop, D.D.; Fields:
Japan, Porto Rico, Canada, Colorado, North Dakota, Wash-
ington, Montana, North Carolina, Virginia, and eight other
States; Income, year ending September 30, 1905: $23,-
468.16; Expenditure: $24,011.58; Organ: Christian Mis-
sionary; General Notes: The Society reports in the foreign
field 14 missionaries and 617 communicant members. In
Tokyo, Japan, it has a Bible Training School with 15
students.
Christian Church Woman's Board of Foreign Missions:
See Woman's Work Section.
Christian Church Woman's Board for Home Missions:
CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE

(1887) Headquarters: 690 Eighth avenue, New York;
:
Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretary : Rev. A. E.

Funk; Treasurer: Mr. David Crear; Fields: United States,
Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Argentina, Porto Rico,
Jamaica, San Domingo, Africa, China, India, Japan, Pales-
tine; Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $244,638.81;
Expenditure: $244,638.81; Organ: Christian and Mission-
ary Alliance, weekly. Living Truths, monthly; General
Notes: The Society reports 285 missionaries, men and
women, in the foreign field and an increase of about 1,100
in membership during 1905.
Christian Women's Board of Missions: See Woman's
Work Section.
CONGREGATIONAL HOME MISSIONARY SO-

CIETY (1826): Headquarters: 287 Fourth avenue, New
York; Secretaries: Rev. J. B. Clark, Rev. Washington
Choate; Associate Secretary: Don 0. Shelton; Treasurer:
W. B. Howland; Fields: The United States (including
Alaska and special classes of people), Cuba; Income, year
ending March 31, 1906 (including net receipts of auxilia-
ries) : $494^329,73; Expenditure (including $240;894.18 ex-
:
pended by auxiliaries in their own fields) :$497,601.99;

Organ: Home Missionary; Congregational Work; General
Notes: The Society employs 1,641 missionaries in 46 States
and Territories, and 7 in Cuba. The missionaries preaching
in foreign languages number 193. Additions to the church
on confession of faith have been 4,7D8 during the year.
CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF FOR-
EIGN MISSIONS AND CHURCH ERECTION (1852)
Headquarters: Holland Building Annex, St. Louis, Mo.;
Cor. Secretary: Mr. J. M. Patterson; Treasurer: Mr. J. C.
Cobb; Fields: Japan, China, Mexico; Home Missions;
Church erection; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $173,-
488.80; receipts of Woman's Board, $48,340.05, and re-
ceipts of Synodical Missions, $36,573; Expenditure: $165,-
813.33, including Foreign Missions, $36,836.73; expendi-
tures of Woman's Board, $40,282.25, and expenditures of
Synodical Missions, $36,573; Organ: Missionary Record;
General Notes: Consistent with the terms of organic union
between the Cumberland Presbyterian Church and the
Presbyterian Church in the United States, the Boards will
make separate reports to the General Assembly in May,
1907. It will be the policy of the United Church to com-
bine the Boards as soon thereafter as practicable.
Cumberland Presbyterian Woman^s Board of Missions:
DANISH (UNITED) EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN
CHURCH IN AMERICA (1896): Headquarters: Blair,
Nebraska; Secretary: Rev. L. Johnsen, Wapaca, Wis.;
Fields: Indian Territory, Utah, Danish Immigrants in
New York and Boston; Japan.
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION (1876): Missionary
Society of the: Headquarters: 265 Woodland avenue,
Cleveland, Ohio; Secretaries: S. P. Spreng, Rev. T. C.
Meckel; Treasurer: Rev. Yost; Fields: United States,
Europe, Japan, China; Organ: Evangelischer Missions-
bote; The Missionary Messenger; General Notes: The So-
ciety has SL large number of missionaries in the UoitetJ
States,Canada, Grermany and Switzerland. Its work in

Japan and China employs 15 foreign and 20 native mis-
sionaries.
Evangelical Association Women's Missionary Society:
FOREIGN CHRISTIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY

(1875): Headquarters: 222 West Fourth street, Cincin-
nati, Ohio; Denomination: Disciples of Christ; President:
Rev. A. McLean; Secretaries: Rev. F. M. Rains, Rev. S.
J. Corey; Treasurer: S. M. Cooper; Fields: China, Japan,
India, Turkey, Scandinavia, Africa, England, Cuba,
Hawaii, Philippines, Tibet (in Chinese province of
Szechwan) ; Income, year ending Sept. 30, 1905: $255,922;
Expenditure: $251,783; Organ: Missionary Intelligencer;
General Notes: The year has been one of great success, and
has fostered enthusiasm for important extension; 16 new
missionaries were sent out. The whole number of its
missionaries, men and women, is 152, with 312 native
workers, 40 schools, 2,388 pupils, and about 15,000 pro-
fessing Christians, of whom 7,499 are communicants. The
missions in England and other parts of Europe are in-
cluded in this report.
FREE BAPTISTS (1833): General Conference of;
Secretaries: Rev. Arthur Given, Providence, R. I.; Rev.
H. M. Ford, Hillsdale, Mich.; Treasurer: Rev. Arthur
Given, Providence, R. I.; Fields: India; General Notes:
The Society has 25 missionaries in the foreign field, in-
cluding those supported by the Woman's Missionary So-
ciety.
Free Baptist Woman's Missionary Society: See Wo-
man's Work Section.
FREE METHODIST CHURCH OF NORTH AMER-
ICA General Missionary Board of the; Head-
(1882):
quarters: 14-16 North May street, Chicago, 111.; Secretary:
Rev. Benjamin Winget; Treasurer: S. K. J. Chesbro;
Fields: Africa, India, Japan, China, San Domingo, United
States; Income^ year ending Oct> 1, 1905^ for foreign
::
missions: $31,803.85, and for home missions, $4,306.16;

Expenditure: Foreign missions, $32,977.31; home mis-
sions, $4,495.
Free Methodist Woman's Missionary Society: See Wom-
an^s Work Section.
GERMAN BAPTIST BRETHREN CHURCH (1884)
General Mission and Tract Committee; Headquarters: El-
gin, 111.; Denomination: Dunkers; Secretary and Treas-
urer: Galen B. Royer; Fields: India, Sweden, France,
Switzerland, Turkey, United States; Income, 1905:
$69,142.17; Expenditure: $53,920.84; Organ: The Mis-
sionary Visitor; General Notes: The nimiber of mission-
aries in the foreign field is 25. There is a mission to the
Italians in Brooklyn, N. Y.; a colored mission in Arkansas.
GERMAN EVANGELICAL SYNOD OF NORTH
AMERICA: Foreig-n Mission Board of (1867): Head-
quarters: St. Louis, Mo.; Gen. Secretary: Rev. E. Schmidt,
97 Huntington avenue, Buffalo, N. Y.; Recording Secre-
tary: Rev. Paul A. Menzel, 1920 G street, N. W., Wash-
ington, D. C; Treasurer: Mr. Th. Speyser, 390 Genesee
street, Buffalo, N. Y.; Fields: Central Provinces of India;
Income, year ending Feb. 1, 1906 (besides balance
$8,466.61): $24,635.96; Expenditure: $28,643.81; Organ:
Fliegende Missions-Blatter, quarterly; Deutscher Missions
Freund, monthly; General Notes: The number of mission-
aries, men and women, is 16.
GOSPEL MISSIONARY UNION (1891): Headquar-

ters: 711 Forest avenue, Mo.; Undenomina-
Kansas City,
tional; President: Mr. George S. Fisher; Fields: Morocco,
Ecuador, Indians of the U. S. (Navajos) ; Income (1905)
$9,660.74; Expenditure: $9,000.31; Organ: The Gospel
Message, monthly.
HAUGE'S SYNOD CHINA MISSION (Hauges Syn-
odes China Mission, 1891) Headquarters : Redwing, Minn.;
:
Secretary: Rev. M. 0. M. Wee, Jackson, Minn.; Fields:

Provinces of Hupeh and Honan, China.
HARVARD MISSION (1904): Headquarters: Harvard
:
University, Cambridge, Mass.; Chairman: Prof. E. C.

Moore Secretary : Mr. Ralph H. Bollard Fields : All fields
; ;
where Harvard graduates are in Missionary service. General

Notes: The Society is composed of students and alumni of
Harvard University and its aim is to unite all Harvard men
serving under any foreign Missionary board and of any
communion by a closer tie to one another and to the Univer-
sity; to secure and disseminate information about the work
of such missionaries; to raise money for the support in
India of the representative of the Harvard Christian As-
sociation, and also for aiding in the support of Harvard
men hereafter sent to the foreign field; to send out men
who and will
will represent the University in foreign fields
be sustained by the sentiment of the University community,
and finally by all these means to foster the spirit of Mis-
sions within Harvard University.
HAWAIIAN EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION (1823)
Headquarters: Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands; Denomination:
Congregational; Secretary: Rev. D. Scudder; Treasurer:
Theodore Richards; Field: Hawaii; Organ: The Friend;
General Notes: The Association is in affiliation with the
American Missionary Association. Its work is among
Hawaiians, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese and English-
speaking people throughout the Territory. Its workers,
men and women, number 146. It has 93 churches with
6,517 members.
Woman^s Board of Missions for the Pacific Islands:
See Congregational division of Woman's Work Section.
HEPZIBAH FAITH MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION
(1892) Headquarters : Tabor, Iowa; Secretary: Mrs. H.
:
W. Kelley; Fields: Japan, India, China, Natal, Transvaal;

Income: No information; Organ: Sent of God; John Three
Sixteen (Young people), fortnightly.
INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL MISSIONARY SO-

CIETY Headquarters : 288 Lexington avenue. New
(1881) :
York; Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretary:

George D. Dowkontt; Treasurer: J. E. Giles, M.D.; Object:
;
Training of Medical Missionaries by aid to students who are

preparing for sei'vice as Medical Missionaries.
LUTHERAN: FOREIGN MISSIONS COMMITTEE
OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN JOINT SYNOD
OF OHIO AND OTHER STATES (1884) Headquarters:
;
48 E. Frankfort Columbus, Ohio; Secretary: Rev.

street,
J. H. Schneider; Treasurer: J. G. Butz; Fields: The fields
of the Hermannsburg Missionary Society of Germany;
Income, from July 16, 1902, to August 6, 1904: $9,580.44;
Expenditure, during the same time: $9,499.84; Organ:
Lutheran Standard.
LUTHERAN: BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF
THE LUTHERAN FREE CHURCH (1895); Head-
quarters: Augsburg Seminary, Minneapolis, Minn.; Sec-
retary: Prof. Geo. Sverdrup; Treasurer: J. H. Blegen;
Field: Madagascar; Income, year ending May 31, 1906:
$13,993.44; Expenditure: $13,666.47; Organ: Gasseren
(in Norwegian), fortnightly.
THE GENERAL COUNCIL OF THE EVANGELICAL
LUTHERAN CHURCH IN NORTH AMERICA (1867)
Headquarters: 1§22- Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa.; Cor.
Secretary: Rev. W. Ashmead Schaeffer, D.D., 137 W.
School House Lane, Station G., Philadelphia; General
Secretary: Rev. George Drach, 29 E. Mt. Pleasant avenue,
Philadelphia; Treasurer: Philip S. Zieber, Esq., Reading,
Pa.; Field: Godaveri district, India; Income, 1903-1905:
$68,718.29; Expenditure: $57,919.09; Organ: Missions-
Bote; Foreign Missionary. General Notes: The Society
has 16 missionaries, 300 native workers, 304 schools, 5,275
scholars and 6,135 communicants, and a baptized member-
ship of 12,822.
Evangelical Lutheran General Council Woman's Mission-
ary Society, Home and Foreign: See Woman's Work
Section.
THE GENERAL SYNOD OF THE EVANGELICAL
.
112 The Blue Book of Missioxs for 1907
LUTHERAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. (1841); Head-

quarters: 21 W. Saratoga Baltimore, Md.; Secre-
street,
tary: Rev. Marion J. Kline, D.D.; Treasurer: 0. F. Lantz;
Fields: India, Africa; Income, for the two years ending
April 30, 1905: $137,208.13; Expenditure: $131,095.31;
Organ: Lutheran Missionary Journal. General Notes:
The Society has 35 missionaries, 607 native workers, 291
schools, 8,578 scholars, and 11,820 communicants.
LUTHERAN: BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS

AND CHURCH EXTENSION OF THE UNITED
SYNOD OF THE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN
CHURCH, SOUTH (1886); Headquarters: 408 N. Tryon
street,Charlotte, N. C. President: Rev. R. C. Holland;
;
Rec. Secretary: Rev. W. L. Seabrook; Treasurer: John A.

Cline; Field: Japan; Income, for two years ending July 1.
1904: Home Missions, $17,000; Foreign Missions, $11,945;
Expenditure: Home Missions, $17,000; Foreign Missions,
$11,945: Total, $28,945. General Notes: The Society is to
begin theological education of natives at an early day,
MENNONITE MISSION BOARD (1882) Headquar-
:
ters: Quakertown, Pa.; Secretary: Rev. A. B. Shelly;

Treasurer: Rev. G. Harder, Whitewater, Kansas; Fields:
India, United States (Indians in Montana, Arizona, and
Oklahoma)
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH: Missionary
Society of the (1819) Headquarters : 150 Fifth avenue.
:
New York; Secretaries: Rev. A. B. Leonard, Rev. H. K.

Carroll; Missionary Editor: Charles H. Fahs; Treasurer:
Homer Eaton; Fields: Liberia, Rhodesia, Angola, Madeira
Is., India, China, Japan, Korea, Borneo, Java, Straits
Settlements, Philippine Islands, Argentina, Uruguay, Para-
guay, Peru, Ecuador, Panama, Chile, Bolivia, Mexico,
Germany, Switzerland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Fin-
land, Russia, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Bulgaria; Income,
1905, including Women's Societies and domestic missions:
$2,692,008.53; Expenditure, foreign missions: $1,822,-
$268.64; Organ: World Wide Missions. General Notes:
The Society has in the foreign field, including missions in

Europe, 810 missionaries, 8,689 native workers, 1,987
schools, 62,598 scholars, and 248,378 professing Christians
of whom 131,566 are full members. The fields occupied
by the Society are steadily increasing. Borneo has been
entered, also Bolivia and Patagonia. The number of points
occupied in China, in Korea, and in the Philippines has
been largely increased. The increase is noticeable in siuns
contributed by native churches toward the support of their
church and school institutions. This increase was 76 per
cent, in the six years 1900-1905 over the amount of such
contributions in the preceding six years (1894-1899,
$1,219,965; 1900-1905, $2,151,623). The appointment of
new missionary bishopsindicates a purpose of energetically
pressing forward missionary enterprises.
Methodist Episcopal Woman's Foreign Missionary So-
ciety: See Woman's Work Section.
Methodist Episcopal Woman's Some Missionary Society:

METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH (SOUTH):

BOARD OF MISSIONS (1846): Headquarters: Nash-
ville, Tennessee; Secretaries: Rev. Walter R. Lambuth,
Rev. W. W.Pinson, Rev. J. R. Nelson; Treasurer: J. D.
Hamilton; Sec. of Young People's Dep't: Rev. E. F. Cook;
Fields: China, Korea, Japan, Brazil, Mexico, Cuba, United
States (including Indians, immigrants, and Jews) Income ;
for foreign work: $467,846 besides the receipts of the

Woman's Board ($155,909); Organ: Go Forward. Gen-
eral Notes: The Board has in its foreign fields 251 mission-
aries, men and women, including the 69 under the Woman's
Foreign Missionary Society; 40 schools, 3,691 scholars, and
17,633 church members, of whom 1,973 were added in 1905.
In every direction the work has made great strides forward.
The collections for Domestic Missions are $228,240; for
Church Extension, $101,552; Woman's Home Missionary
Society, $101,728, making an aggregate, when added to
the collections of the two Foredgn Boards, of $1,055,275.
Methodist Episcopal (South) Woman's Board of Mis-

sions: See Woman^s Work Section.
METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH: Board of

Foreign Missions of the (1S88) Headquarters : Springfield,
:
Ohio; Secretary and Treasurer: Rev. T. J. Ogbum, Greens-

boro, N. C. Field: Japan; Income, year ending April 30,
;
1902: $14,295.47; Expenditure: $15,248.47; Organ: Metho-

dist Recorder.
Woman's Foreign Missionary Society: See Woman^s
Work Section.
MORAVIAN CHURCH (Northern Province of Amer-

SOCIETY FOR PROPAGATING THE GOSPEL
ica)
AMONG THE HEATHEN (1787): Headquarters: Beth-
lehem, Pennsylvania; President: Rt. Rev. J. Mortimer
Levering; Secretary and Treasurer of Missions: Rev. Paul
de Schweinitz; Fields: The Missionary Society formed to
support Moravian Missions everywhere and specifically to
care for work among the Indians, since 1885, in addition,
has superintended the Moravian Mission in Alaska. It is
auxiliary to the general Mora\dan Missions, which see in
"Germany" list of Societies.
NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION: Foreign Mis-
sion Board of the (1880) Headquarters: 726 W. Walnut
:
street, Louisville, Ky. Secretary: Rev. L. G. Jordan;

;
Treasurer: Rev. C. H. Parrish; Fields: Africa (West,

South, and East Central), West Indies, South America;
Income, 1905: $13,000; Organ: Mission Herald, monthly.
NATIONAL BAPTIST CONVENTION: Home Mis-
sion Board of Headquarters : Little Rock, Ark.;
the (1880) :
Cor. Secretary: Rev. R. H. Boyd, D.D., Nashville, Tenn.;

Treasurer: P. A. Knowles, Little Rock, Ark.
NEW JERUSALEM IN U. S. A. Board of Home and :
Foreign Missions of the General Convention of: Headquar-

ters: 16 Arlington street, Boston, Mass.; Denomination:
Swedenhorgian Secretary: Rev. Willard H. Hinkley;
;
Treasurer: Dr. E. A. Whiston; Fields: United States,

:
Sweden, Denmark, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Brazil;

Income, year ending May 1, 1906 $5,182.18 ; Expenditure
:
$4,843.89.
NORTH INDIA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE FOR

CHRISTIAN WOMEN: American Committee for the:
Chairman: Rev. C. C. Hall, D.D., Union Theological Sem-
inary, New York City; Field Secretary: Miss A. R. Lee, 7
Perry st., Morristown, N. J. Acting Treasurer : Rev. F. B.
;
Dwight, Convent Station, N. J. See India Section.
NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN CHURCH IN AMER-

ICA :Board of Foreign Missions of the United (1858) :
Denomination: Lutheran; Secretary: Rev. M. Saeterlie,

Stanley, Wis.; Fields: Madagascar, China.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S.

(NORTH): Board of Foreign Missions of the (1837):
Headquarters: 156 Fifth avenue, New York; Secretaries:
Rev. F. F. Ellinwood, D.D., Mr. R. E. Speer, Rev. A. J.
Brown, D.D., Rev. A. W. Halsey, D.D.; Treasurer: Mr.
Dwight H. Day; Fields: Kamerun, Spanish W. Africa,
China, India, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Persia, Siam, Philip-
pine Islands, Guatemala, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Turkey
(Syria); Income, year ending April 30, 1906: $1,171,-
867.76; Expenditure: $1,241,821.20; Organ: Assembly
Herald; General Notes: The Society reports 889 mission-
aries, men and women, 2,611 native workers, 995 schools,
32,430 scholars, and 63,480 communicants.
During 1905 a great revival in India had fruit in prayer,
confession of sin and witness bearing for Christ. In Korea
a revival added large numbers to the church, and there is a
remarkable advance in self-support. In the Philippines
progress has exceeded the most sanguine expectations, the
number of church members there now numbering 4,000. In
China political unrest is accompanied by opportunities
which are unsurpassed and which the missionaries are alert
to improve. Progress in the missions includes more than
increase in numbers; the schools and the great presses of
the Society (iii Syria, China, and elsewhere) extend their

area of effectiveness with every year.
Presbyterian (North) Woman's Board of Missions: See
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

(NORTH), BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS: Headquar-
ters: 156 Fifth avenue, New York City; Secretary: Rev.
Charles L. Thompson, D.D.; Associate Secretaries: Rev.
John Dixon, D.D., Mr. Joseph Ernest McAfee; Treasurer:
Mr. Harvey C. Olin; Superintendent of School Work: Rev.
R. M. Craig; Superintendent of Department of Church and
Labor: Rev. C. Stelzle; Field Secretary: Rev. B. P. Ful-
lerton, D.D. Fields: The United States, including Alaska,
;
Porto Rico and 16 nationalities of foreign immigrants; In-

come, year ending March 31, 1906: $911,793.72; Expendi-
ture: $913,390.06 (The receipts and expenditures of the
Woman's Board are included in these figures.); Organ:
Assembly Herald, Over Sea and Land; General Notes: A
feature of growing interest and importance is the special
mission to workingmen, which is leading to the appoint-
ment of representatives of ministers' associations to be
members of labor organizations.
For Woman's Board of Home Missions: See Woman's
Work Section.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. (SOUTH) :
Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the (1861) :
Headquarters: Chamber of Commerce Building, Nashville,

Tennessee; Co-ordinate Secretaries: Rev. S. H. Chester and
Rev. J. 0. Reavis; Editor: Rev. H. F. Williams; Fields:
Congo Free State, China, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Cuba,
Brazil; Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $266,317;
Expenditure: $274,344; Organ: The Missionary, The Chil-
dren's Missionary, both monthly; General Notes: The So-
ciety reports 206 misionaries, men and women, 293 native
workers, 10,824 communicants, of whom 2,182 were received
during the last year-.
PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH IN U. S. (1896) :
Secretary: Rev. Daniel Savage, Plymouth, Luzerne Co.,

Penn.: Fields: Auxiliary to the Primitive Methodist Mis-
sionary Society of Great Britain.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN U. S. A.;

Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the (1835) :
Headquarters: 281 Fourth avenue. New York; Gen. Secre-

tary: Rev. A. S. Lloyd; Associate Secretary: Rev. J. Kim-
ber; Corresponding Secretary: Mr. John W. Wood; Treas-
—
urer: George C. Thomas; Fields: Foreign Liberia, China,
—
Japan, Haiti, Mexico; Domestic United States, including
Alaska, Porto Rico, Hawaii and the Philippine Islands;
Income, year ending Aug. 31, 1906: $566,137.59 for For-
eign Missions, and $729,374.18 for Domestic Missions; Ex-
penditure, Domestic Missions, $733,086.37; Foreign Mis-
sions, $545,786.76; Organ:' Spirit of Missions, monthly;
The Young Christian Soldier, weekly, and also monthly;
General Notes: In April, 1905, the American Church Mis-
sionary Society transferred to the Board of Missions its
work in Cuba. The Society maintains its corporate exist-
ence to administer its trust funds. The income of these
except where specially directed is now used for the domestic
work. In Brazil there are twenty-one stations and out-
stations in charge of nine clergymen, and in Cuba eighteen
stations and out-stations with nine clergymen. The plan of
apportioning missionary expenditures upon the different
congregations has resulted in largely increasing the amount
given in each year. In 1905 the number of congregations
making offerings for missions was 4,179 as against 2,226
giving congregations in 1901. The Society reports in its
foreign missions 175 missionaries, men and women, 565
native workers, 146 schools, 6,177 scholars, and 6,307 com-
municants.
Protestant Episcopal Woman's Auxiliary to the Board of
Missions: See Woman's Work Section.
REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA: Board of For-

eign Missions of the (1832) Headquarters: 25 E. 22d St.,
:
V
New York; Denomination: Reformed (Dutch); Cor-
:
responding Secretary: Rev. H. N. Cobb; Field Secretary:

Rev. J. W. Conklin; Treasurer: W. H. Van Steenburgh;
Assistant Treasurer: Rev. J. L. Amerman; Fields: China,
India, Japan, Arabia; Income, year ending May 1, 1906:
$174,464.74 (including Arabian Mission); Expenditure:
$157,328.82 (including Arabian Mission); Organ: Mission
Field, Neglected Arabia; General Notes: The Society re-
ports 100 missionaries, men and women, 550 native workers,
193 schools, 7,881 scholars, and 5,062 communicants.
Reformed Church in America Woman's Board of Mis-
sions: See Woman's Work Section.
REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA: Board of

Domestic Missions: Headquaretrs : 25 East Twenty-
second street. New York City; Denomination: Reformed
Dutch; Acting Secretary: Rev. W. H. Vroom, D.D.;
Treasurer: W. T. Demarest; Income, year ending April 30,
1906: $115,085.32; Organ: Mission Field, monthly; Day
Star (for children), monthly.
Reformed Church in America Women's Executive Com-
mittee for Domestic Missions: See Woman's Work Section.
REFORMED CHURCH IN U. S. (GERMAN) Board :
of Commissioners for Foreign Missions of the (1879)

Headquarters: 1306 Arch street, Philadelphia, Pa.; Sec-
retary: Rev. Allen R. Bartholomew; Treasurer: Dr. J. L.
Lemberger; Fields: Japan, China; Income, for three
years. May 1, 1904, Dec. 31, 1906: $219,466; Expendi-
ture, three years: $274,000; General Notes: The Society
reports 47 missionaries, men and women, 100 native work-
ers, 50 schools, and 2,650 communicants.
REFORMED EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE

UNITED STATES: Board of Foreign Missions of the
(1894): Headquarters: Philadelphia, Pa.: Denomination:
Reformed Episcopal; President: Bishop H. S. Hoffman,
D.D., 1317 North Broad street; Secretary: Mr. H. H. Sin-
amon, 2067 East Cumberland street; Treasurer: Rev. C.
F. Hendricks, B.D., 2630 North 12th street.
REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN NORTH
:
AMERICA: Board of Foreign Missions of the Synod of

the (1856): Headquarters: 325 West Fifty-sixth street,
N. Y. Secretary: R. M. Somraerville
; Fields: Turkey
;
(Syria, Asia Minor, Cyprus), China; Income: $31,893; Ex-

penditure: $20,215; Organ: Olive Trees, monthly.
SCANDINAVIAN ALLIANCE OF NORTH AMER-

ICA (1891): Headquarters: 81 Ashland Boulevard, Chi-
cago, 111.; Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretary:
Rev. C. T. Dyrness; Treasurer: Prof. F. Risberg; Fields:

China, Mongolia, East Africa, South Africa, Japan, and
South America.
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST GENERAL CONFER-

ENCE Foreign Mission Committee of the (1887) Head-
: :
quarters: Takoma Park, Washington, D. C. ; Secretary:

W. A. Spicer; Treasurer: I. H. Evans; Fields: United
States, Canada, Newfoundland, Alaska, Hawaii, West
Indies, Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe,
Turkey, Japan, China, Korea, Straits Settlements, Philip-
pine Islands, Samoa, Fiji Islands, Cook Islands, Friendly
Islands, Society Islands, Australia, India, Africa; Income:
Not reported; Organ: Advent Review and Sabbath Herald.
SEVENTH DAY BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(1842): Secretary: Rev. 0. U. Whitford, Alfred, N. Y.;
Treasurer: George A. Utter; Fields: China, England, Hol-
land, the LTnited States Income, year ending July 31, 1901
;
$14,576.66; Expenditure: $14,60i.70 (of which for foreign

missions, $3,694.08) Organ: Sabbath Recorder.
;
SOUTELERN BAPTIST CONVENTION (1845) : For-

eign Board of the: Headquarters: 1103 Main
Mission
street, Richmond, Va. Secretary: Rev. R. J. Willingham;
;
Ass't Secretary: W. H. Smith; Treasurer: J. C. Williams;

Fields: China, Japan, Lagos (W. Africa), Mexico, Brazil,
Italy,Argentina; Income, year ending May 1, 1906: $324,-
009; Expenditure: $343,072; Organ: Foreig-n Mission
Journal; General Notes: The Society has an income larger
than ever before. The number of baptisms in the field is
larger the past year (2,445) than ever before. The Society
is giving great attention to educating native workers.
Souihern Baptist Convention Women's Missionary Union:
SUDAN UNITED MISSION: United States Council of
the: Headquarters: 329 East Walnut Lane, Germantown,
Philadelphia, Pa.; Secretary for the V. S.: Charles Kurz-
halz. See British Section, also Canadian Section.
SWEDISH EVANGELICAL MISSION COVENANT
OF AMERICA (1SS5) Headquarters: North Park Col-
:
lege, Chicago,Denomination: Lutheran; Secretaries:

111.;
Prof. D. Nyvall, A. Mellander; Fields: Swedish immigrants

in the United States, Alaska, China; Income, year ending
April 30, 1902: $67,138.75; Expenditure: $66,578.22; Or-
gan: Missionaren.
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST : Foreign Mission-
ary Society of the (1853) Headquarters : Cor. Main and
:
Fourth streets, Dayton, Ohio; Treasurer: Rev. W. McKee;

Fields: Japan, Sierra Leone, W. Africa, Greraiany, Porto
Rico Income : Home Frontier and Foreign Missions $111,-
; :
688.52; Expenditure (foreign missions), year ending

March 31, 1904: $16,304.46; Organ: The Searchlight.
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST Home : Missionary
Society of the (1905) Headquarters: 904 U. B. Building,
:
Dayton, Ohio; Gen. Secretary: Rev. C. Whitney; Educa-

tional Secretary:Lyda B. Wiggim; Field Secretary: Rev.
L. 0. Burtner; Field: The United States; Income, 1905:
$19,638.63; Expenditure: $23,838.03; Organ: Missionary
Advance; General Notes: The Society has 90 missionaries
in 19 States; the church membership on the mission field is
6,913, and additions during 1905 were 1,773. The figures
indicating income and expenditure are in addition to sums
locally applied to Home Mission work by the various annual
Conferences.
Woman's Missionary Association of the United Brethren
in Christ. See Woman's Work Section.
UNITED EVANGELICAL CHURCH BOARD OF
:
HOME AND FOREIGN MISSIONS (1899) Correspond-

:
ing Secretary: Rev. B. H. Niebel, Le Mars, Iowa;

Treasurer: J. G. Mohn; Field: China; Income, 1905-06 (for
both Home and Foreign Missions): $98,110.74; General
Notes: The Society has 4 men and 4 women missionaries in
the foreign field.
United Evangelical Church Woman^s Missionary Society:

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NORTH
AMERICA (1859): Board of Foreign Missions of the:
Headquarters: 921 Wilherspoon Building, Philadelphia,
Pa.; Cor. Secretary: R^v. Chas. R. Watson; Treasurer: Mr.
R. L. Latimer; Fields: Egypt, India, the Egyptian Sudan;
Income, year ending April 30, 1906: $262,369.43; Expendi-
ture : $295,900.05 General Notes : The United Presbyterian
;
Church of North America came into existence in 1858

through the union of the Associate Refonned and the As-
sociate Presbyterian Churches. The missions in Egypt and
India were founded four and three years respectively before
this union. In India the fiftieth anniversary of the
founding of the mission was celebrated with impress-
sive exercises in the Spring of 1905. A remarkable
revival at Sialkot influenced every part of the field of the
mission and remains on record as the most important event
of the fii'st fifty years of the history of the mission. The
mission in the Egyptian Sudan is making slow but steady
progress. In Egypt a new evangelistic purpose appears in
the nativechurch organization. The increase in churcli
membership during the year in Egypt was 844 more than —
the increase in any previous year. Great unrest is evident
among the Mohammedans of Egypt and there is a tendency
to resort to violence because Christianity is sure to have a
power that cannot be checked. The number of missionaries,
men and women, is 172, with 1,140 native workers, 357
schools, 24,359 scholars, and 50,612 professing Christians,
United Presbyterian Women's General Missionary Society
WESLEYAN METHODIST CONNECTION OF

AMERICA: Missionary Society of the (1880) Headquar-:
ters: 316-318 East Onondaga street, Syracuse, New York;

Secretary: Rev. E. Teter; Income: About $12,000; Organ:
Wesleyan Methodist.
YALE FOREIGN MISSIONAY SOCIETY (1902):
Headquarters: 233 Durfee Hall, Yale University, New
Haven, Connecticut; Denomination: Interdenominational;
Secretary: Prof. E. B. Reed, Ph.D.; Treasurer: Pierce N.
Welch; Field: China; General Notes: Has 7 missionaries,
men and women, in the field. A
College is about to be
opened at Chang'sha.
Woman's Union Missionary Society: See Woman^s Work
Section.
SOCIETIES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND

AFRICAN TRAINING INSTITUTE (1889): Head-
quarters: African Institute, Colwyn Bay, North Wales;
Denomination: Undenominational; Rev.
Director: W.
Hughes; Field: West Africa; Income: No
information
received; Expenditure: No information received; General
Notes: This establishment is designed to train young Afri-
cans for religious or industrial work among their own peo-
ple, especially in the Congo region.
ALL NATIONS MISSIONARY UNION: A continuar
tion of the MissionaryPence Association (1892) and Infor-
mation Bureau (1886) Headquarters: Rooms 21 and 22,
:
Exeter Hall, Strand, London, W. C; Denomination: Inter-

denominational; Secretary: W. Rogers Jones; Hon. Trea<i-
urer: John Jackson, Esq.; Fields: Assists missions of all
the Churches; Income: No information; Organ: All Na-
tions.
ARCHBISHOP^S MISSION TO ASSYRIAN CHRIS-

TIANS (1884): Headquarters: Church House, Dean's
Yard, Westminster Abbey, London, S. W., England; De-
nomination: Church of England; Secretary: Rev. A. H.
Lang; Fields: The regions inhabited by the Nestorians,.
:
both in Turkey and in Persia; Income: No information

received; Expenditure: No information received; General
Notes : This organization aims to educate young men for the
priesthood of the Nestorian Church, without interference
with the independence or the doctrinal teaching of the
Church. In receives aid from a committee of the American
Protestant Episcopal Church.
BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY: Headquarters:

19 Furnival street, Holborn, London, E. C, England; Sec-
retaries: Rev. C. E. Wilson, B.A., Rev. J. B. Myers; Treas-
urer: Edward Robinson, J.P.; Field: India (Bengal, Orissa,
United Provinces), Ceylon, China, Congo Free State, West
Indies; Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $431,414.41
(£88,657 15s. 9d.) Expenditure: $476,943.90 (£98,013 9s.
;
lOd.) Organs Baptist Missionary Herald, Juvenile Mission-

;
ary Herald, both monthly; General Notes: This Society has

(January, 1906) 276 missionaries, men and women; 2,795
native workers (including day school teachers) 1,008 sta-
;
tions and sub-stations; 21,120 scholars under instruction;

56,456 church members, of whom 1,778 were baptized in
1905. Eleven new missionaries were accepted during the
year. There are larger additions to the native churches
than in several years past, and among these churches there
is a marked growth in evangelistic aggressiveness. The new
Mission in the Chittagong and South Lushai Hill country
(India) is remarkably prosperous. The same is true of some
of the Congo stations.
BIBLE LANDS MISSIONS' AID SOCIETY (1854)

Headquarters : 7Adam street. Strand, London, W. C, Eng-
land; Secretary: Rev. S. W. Gentle-Cackett Treasurer:
;
Lord Kinnaird; Fields: Greece, Macedonia, Asia Minor,

Persia, Arabia, Egypt, Syria, Palestine and Cyprus; In-
come, year ending March 31, 1906: $12,000; Expenditure:
$11,900; Organ: Star in the East. The Society sends out no
missionaries, but aids with grants of money the establish-
ments of different denominations which exist in the coun-
tries named above.
:
BRITISH SOCIETY FOB THE PROPAGATION OF

THE GOSPEL AMONG THE JEWS (1842) Headquar- :
ters: 9 Great James street, Bedford Row, London, W. C;

Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretary: Rev. Isaac
Levinson; Treasurer: Robert Greer, Esq., J.P.; Fields: Eng-
land, Scotland, Ireland, Austria, Germany, Italy, Russia
and Turkey ; Income, year ending April 15, 1905 $24,575.32 :
(£5,050); Expenditure: $25,645.95 (£5,270); Organ:

Jewish Missionary Herald.
CENTRAL MOROCCO MISSION (1886) Headquar-
:
ters: Rabat, Morocco; Denomination: Undenominational;

Director: Dr. R. Kerr, Rabat, Morocco; Secretary and
Treasurer: Mr. Grahame Wilson, 191 Meadowpark street,
Dennistoun, Glasgow, Scotland; Field: Morocco; Income,
year ending September, 1902 $2,264.76.
:
CEYLON AND INDIA GENERAL MISSION (1893)

Headquarters: India, Hindupur; England, London; De-
nomination: Interdenominational; Director: Mr. B. David-
son, Hindupur; Secretary: Mr. David Gardiner, 46 Beres-
ford Road, Highbury, London; Treasurer: Mr. Gardiner;
Fields: South India and Ceylon; Income, year ending
December 31, 1905: $9,815.72 (£2,107); Expenditure:
$8,720.76; Organ: Darkness and Li^t.
CHINA INLAND MISSION (1865): Headquarters:

Newington Green, Mildmay, London, N., England; Mission
offices in the U. S,, 702 Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia,
Pa.; in Canada, 507 Church street, Tononto, Ont. Denom- ;
ination: Interdenominational; Director: D. E. Hoste;

Secretary: F. Marcus Wood; Editorial Secretary: Mar-
shall Broomhall; Treasurer: Robert Scott; Secretary and
Treasurer for the U. S., Henry W. Frost; Secretary and
Treasurer for Canada, J. S. Helmer; Fields: China; In-
come: $354,887; Organ: China's Millions, monthly; Gen-
eral Notes: The Society reports 849 missionaries, men and
women, 890 native workers, 837 stations and outstations,
and 14,078 communicants, of whom 2,541 were added in
1905.
CHINA: MURRAY'S MISSION TO THE BLIND AND

ILLITERATE IN (1S87) Headquarters: Peking; De-
:
nomination: L'^ndenominational ; Secretary: John Grant,

Esq. (Grant & Wylie, Solicitors), 204 St. Vincent street,
Glasgow, Scotland; Field: China; Income, 1905: $8,487
(£1,744).
CHRISTIAN FAITH: Society for Advancing the
(1691) :Headquarters : No. 1, The Broad Sanctuarj',
Westminster, London, England; Denomination: Church of
England; Secretary: Harry W. Lee, Esq.; Fields: West
Indies, Mauritius: Income: Wholly from invested funds.
CHRISTIAN MISSIONS IN MANY LANDS (Eng-

land, Mission of the Brethren, 1827): Treasurers: J. L.
Maclean, M.D., W. H. Bennet, R. E. Sparks, B.A., 10 Wid-
combe Crescent, Bath, England; Fields: India, Malaysia,
China, Japan, Siam, Laos, North, Central, and South
Africa, Mexico, Central America, West Indies, South
America, France, Spain, Italy and other European
Countries; Organ: Echoes of Service, fortnightly; General
Notes: No statistics are published by this body. The num-
ber of its missionaries, men and women, is about 470.
CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY FOR AFRICA

AND THE EAST (1799): Headquarters: Church Mis-
sionary House, Salisbury Square, London, E. C, England;
Denomination: Church of England; Secretaries: Rev.
Henry Elliot Fox, M.A.; Mr. Eugene Stock; Foreign Dep't,
Rev. B. Baring-Gould, M.A.; Rev. F. Baylis, M.A.; Rev. G.
B. Durrant, M.A.; Candidates' Dep't, Rev. D. H. D. Wilkin-
son, M.A.; Home Organization Dep't, Rt. Rev. E. G. Ing-
ham, D.D.; Mr. H. Lankester, M.D.; Editorial Dep't, Rev.
G. Furness Smith; Lay Dep't, Mr. D. Marshall Lang; Treas-
Robert Wiliams, M.P.; Physician, Mr. C. F. Har-
urer-. Col.
ford, M.D.; Fields: Africa (Sierra Leone, Lagos, Nigeria,
British East Africa, German East Africa, Uganda, Sudan,
Egypt), Palestine, Turkish Arabia, Persia, India, Ceylon,
Mauritius, China, Japan, N. W. Canada, British Columbia;
Income: $1,907,254.82 (£391,911); Expenditure: $1,916,-
865.68 (£393,890); Organ: Church Missionary Intelli-
gencer, Church Missionai-y Gleaner,Mercy and Truth (Medi-

cal Missions) General Notes: The Society reports, June 1,
;
1906, 534 stations; 1,397 missionaries, men and women;

134,737 pupils in school, of all grades, and 311,802 pro-
fessed Christians, of whom 22,364 were baptized during
1905, and 90,107 are communicants.
The Society, in 1804, sent its tirst two missionaries to the
Rio Pongas in Western Africa. Twelve years later it con-
centrated effort upon Sierra Leone, whence it advanced into
Yorubaland and the Niger Districts, and has reached the
Hausa speaking and pagan tribes in the far interior. In East-
ern Africa its first missionaries were Dr. Krapf and Rev. J.
Rebmann, whose remarkable journeys had fruit in subse-
quent geographical and missionary enterprises. Wonderful
success has attended the Uganda Mission, commenced in
1876, and of which the stations extend to the southern
limits of the Sudan. In 1906 a pioneer party of six mis-
sionaries was established among the pagan tribes of the
southern Sudan. In 1813 the Society began labor in India,
where more than one-third of its stations and nearly the
same proportion of its missionaries are now found. The
Ceylon Mission was commenced in 1817. Work in China
began at Shanghai in 1844, and now reaches seven provinces
of the empire. Both there and in Japan, as in other fields,
the Society makes great use of the ministry of single women.
In N. W. Canada and British Columbia most of the Indians
have embraced Christianity, and grants in aid of work
among them are gradually being diminished. In all of its
fields the Society pays special attention to work among Mo-
hammedans. Its medical work is on a large scale; and of
its 79 fully qualified doctors, 21 are women.
COLONIAL AND CONTINENTAL CHURCH SO-

CIETY (1823): Headquarters: 9 Serjeants Inn, Fleet
street,London, E. C, England; Denomination: Church of
England; Secretary: Rev. J. D. MuUins, M.A.; Fields: The
colonies of the British Empire, and the continent of Eu-
rope,
:
COLONIAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY (1836) Head- :
quarters: 22 Memorial Hall, Farringdon street, London, E.

C, England; Denomination: Congregational; Secretarjj
Rev. R. Burford Hooke; Fields: The British Colonies; Or-
gan: The British Missionary (supplement to the Evangelical
Magazine).
DUBLIN UNIVERSITY MISSION TO CHOTA NAG-
PUR (1891) In connection with the SPG.
:
EDINBURGH MEDICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY

(1841) : Headquarters : Mission House, 56 George Square,
Edinburgh, Scotland: Secretary: E. Sargood Fry; Treas-
urer: H. Rainy, 16 Great Stuart street, Edinburgh;
Fields: Scotland, Turkey (Syria), India; Income (1902):
$22,049.82 (£4,537) Expenditure: $24,256 (£4,991) Or-
; ;
gan : Quarterly Paper.

EGYPT: ASSOCIATION FOR FURTHERANCE OP
CHRISTIANITY IN (1883): Headquarters: 7 Dean's
Yard, Westminster Abbey, London, S. W., England; De-
nomination: Church of England; Secretary: Rev. R. Mil-
bum Blakiston Fields : The Coptic Church, Egypt.
;
EGYPT GENERAL MISSION (1898): Headquarters:

6 Randolph Road, London, W.; Secretary and Treasurer:
J. Martin Cleaver; Secretary to Field Council: J. Gordon
Logan, Belbeis, Egypt; Fields: Egypt, Sudan; Organ: E.
G. M. News, bi-monthly.
ENGLAND: FOREIGN MISSIONS COMMITTEE OF
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF (1847): Head-
quarters: 7 East India avenue, London, E. C, England;
Secretary : Rev. W. M. Dale Financial Secretary : Mr. John
;
Leggat; Fields: China, Japan (Formosa), Straits Settle-

ments, India (Bengal) Income, year ending December 31,
;
1905: $134,962.53 (£27,733); Expenditure: $159,436.29

(£32,762); Organ: Monthly Messenger.
Presbyterian Church of England Woman's Missionary So-
ciety: See Woman's Work Section.
ENGLAND: PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF ENG-

;
LAND MISSION TO THE JEWS: Headquarters: 7 East

India avenue, London, E. C, England; Secretary: (vacant)
Financial Secretary: Mr. John Leggat; Fields: England,
Turkey (North Syria); Income to December, 1905:
$8,589.37 (£1,765).
FRIENDS' FOREIGN MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION
(1886): Headquarters: 15 Devonshire street, Bishopsgate
Without, London, E. C, England; Secretary: Dr. William
Wilson; Hon. Secretary: Henry Stanley Newman; Treas-
urer: Joseph Fry; Fields: India, Madagascar,
Storrs
Svria, Ceylon;
China, Income for 1903: $106,496
(£21,912 13s. lid,;; Expenditure: $129,859 (£26,720);
Organ: Our Missions; General Notes: The Society reports
239 stations and outstations; 103 missionaries (including
wives and unmarried women); 850 native workers; 16,047
pupils, and 2,848 church members, of whom 243 were added
last year. Eleven additional missionaries have been sent out
during the year. Plague has ravaged some of the India sta-
tions, giving special occasion for good works that cause
wonder to non-Christian bystanders. For the first time in
its history the Society has had to apply retrenchment to its
whole field owing to falling off in contributions.

IKWEZI LAMACI MISSION (1877) : See Young Men\s
Foreign Mission Society.
IRELAND: FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE PRES-
BYTERIAN CHURCH IN (1840) Headquarters: 12 May
:
street, Belfast, Secretary: Rev. George McFar-

Ireland;
land; Fields: India and China; Income: $95,644 (£19,-
679 lis.) Expenditure: No information.
;
IRELAND: FOREIGN MISSIONS COMMITTEE OF

THE REFORMED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN
(1871): Secretary: Rev. Wm. Russell, Reformed Presby-
terian Manse, Balla, Ireland.
IRELAND JEWISH MISSIONS OF THE PRESBY-
:
TERIAN CHURCH IN (1841): Secretary: Rev. George

R. Buick, Culleybackey, County Antrim, Ireland; Income
(1903) $22,15i.
:
:
The Blue Book of Missions for 1907 12d
JAFFA MEDICAL MISSION AND HOSPITAL

(1878) Secretary: C. E. Newtown, Esq., Mickleover, Derby,
:
England; Field: Jaffa, Syria; Income (1903-1904): $8,991

( £1,847 10s.) Expenditure: $8,672 ( £1,781 18s.) General
; ;
Notes : The Society has one hospital with 46 beds, an orphan-

age, and, as a new feature, a Bible reader to follow up pa-
tients who are cured.
JERUSALEM AND EAST MISSION (1888) Denomi- :
nation: Church of England; Secretary: Rev. W. Sadler,

Dembleby Rectory, Folkingham, England; Fields: Syria
and Egypt.
KURKU AND CENTRAL INDIAN HILL MISSION
(1890) Headquarters: Beechwood, Highgate, London, N.;
:
Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretary: F. W.

Howard Piper; Treasurer: Mr. James Brodie; Field: Cen-
tral India, with chief station at Ellichpur, Berar; Income,
year ending Dec. 31, 1903: $12,868.17 (£2,647 15s.); Ex-
penditure: $11,346.24 (£2,334 14s.) ; Organ: Circular Leaf-
let, occasional.
LEBANON HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE (1896)
Head 35 Queen Victoria street, London, E. C, Eng-
Offices :
land; Secretary: Mr. Francis C. Brading; Treasurer: Sir

Richard Tangye; Field: The Hospital is at Asfuriyeh, near
Beirut, Syria; Income, 1905: about $20,000; General Notes:
There is an office of the Hospital Committee in Philadel-
phia (701 Provident Building).
LONDON SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING CHRISTIAN-
ITY AMONGST THE JEWS (1809): Headquarters: 16
Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, W. C, Eng. Denomination:
;
Church of England; Secretaries: Rev. W. T. Gidney, M.A.,

Rev. F. L. Denman, M.A.; Treasurer: J. F. W. Deacon,
Esq.; Fields: United Kingdom, Austria, France, Germany,
Holland, Italy, Roumania, Russia, Turkey, Persia, Abyssinia,
Egypt. Morocco, Tunis, Canada Income, year ending March
;
31, 1906: $199,375.63 (£40,969); Organ: Jewish Mis-

sionary Intelligence, Jewish Missionary Advocate, both
monthly, the last named for young people; General Nots9:
The Society has 47 stations, 221 missionary agents, and

1,817 pupils in its schools.
LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY (1795): Head-

quarters: 16 New Bridge London, E. C. Denomina-
street, ;
tion: Interdenominational, but chiefly supported by Congre-

gational Churches; Secretaries: Rev. R. Wardlaw Thomp-
son, Rev. George Cousins; Home Secretary: Rev. A. N.
Johnson Editor : Rev. L. H. Oaunt Treasurers : Sir Albert
; ;
Spieer, Bart. M.P.; J. Compton Rickett, Esq., M.P.; In-

come (1905-06) $957,070.22 ( £196,665). There was a deficit
of $56,178.87 (£11,544); Fields: Cape Colony, Bechuana-
land, Rhodesia, Madagascar, British Central Africa, China,
India, British Guiana, Polynesia; Orgari: Chronicle; News
from Afar (for General Notes: The Society
children).
reports 277 missionaries; 7,155 native workers; 2,147
schools; 89,105 scholars: 38 hospitals, 38 dispensaries; 8
printing houses; 292,945 professed Christians, and 80,006
communicants.
In China, the Society testifies, the moment has arrived
for a great forward movement of the forces of evangeliza-
tion. In India growth is seen in all departments of work ; the
native churches are rising in character, awakening to their
responsibilities, and Christianity is seen to exert an influ-
ence, both practical and powerful, far beyond the limits of
the Christian comunity.
MEDICAL MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION, LONDON
(1878): Headquarters: 49 Highbury Park, London, N.;
Denomination: Undenominational; Gen. Secretary and
Sup't; Henry Soltau, L.R.C.P.&S.E.; Editorial Secretary:
James L. MaxweU, M.D.; Hon Treasurer: Maj.-Gen. C. G.
Robinson; Income, year ending March 31, 1906) $8,949.48 :
( £1,839) ; Expenditure: $8,895.62 ( £1,827) ; Organ: Medi-
cal Missions at Home and Abroad General Notes : The As-

;
sociation promotes Medical Mission work, training medical

missionaries for service at home and abroad, and super-
intending two medical missions in London.
MELANESIAN MISSION: London Committee of the:
:
Head Offices: Church House, Westminster, London, S. W.,

England; Hon. Treasurer: Rev. C. Hamerton Gould; Office
Secretary: C. Clarke, Esq.; Denomination : Church of Eng-
land; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $80,345.85
(£16,510); Expenditure: $71,600.74; Organ: Southern
Cross Log; Chips (for children), both monthly.
METHODIST NEW CONNEXION MISSIONARY SO-

CIETY (1859): Headquarters: Leeds, England; Secre-
tary: Rev. George Packer, 3 St. John's Terrace, Belle Vue
Road, Leeds, England; Treasurer: Mr. J. Hepworth, J. P.,
Claypit Lane, Leeds; Field: China; Income: $26,910.51
Gleanings in the Harvest Field;
Methodist New Connexion Women's Missionary Society:
MILDMAY INSTITUTIONS AND MISSIONS (1856)
Headquarters: The Conference Hall, Mildmay Park, Lon-
don, N., England; Denomination: Interdenominational;
Treasurer and Sup't: Capt. F. L. Tottenham; Fields: Lon-
don, the Provinces, Malta, Palestine, Jamaica; Income, 1905:
$90,268.70 (£18,549); Orjan: Service for the King,
monthly; General Notes: These Institutions are largely due
W. Pennef attier, who came to St.
to the initiative of the Rev.
Jude's, Mildmay Park, in 1864. They include the Confer-
ence Hall with its Open Air Mission and active Evangelistic
work; a Deaconess House, Probation and Students' House
for training candidates; a Home for invalid Deaconesses;
a training house,known as "The Willows," which prepares
women for Home and Foreign Mission work; a Creche or
Day Nursery; an Orphanage for little girls; a Hostel for
ladies; an Employment Bureau; a Rescue Home; two
Hospitals for the very poor, and a Nurses' House whence
50 nurses go out to care for the sick. The Deaconesses con-
duct missions in 12 parishes in London, and have gone for
similar work to several towns in England, to Malta and to
Jamaica.
MORAVIAN MISSIONS (British Provincial Confer-
enc^) SOCIETY FOR FURTHERING THE GOSPEL

AMONG THE HEATHEN (1741): Headquarters: 32
Fetter Lane, London, E. C; Secretary: Rev. C. J. Klesel;
Fields: Auxiliary to the Moravian Missions of Berthelsdorf
Herrnhut; which see in the "Germany" section. The Brit-
ish Society especially cares for the Moravian Missions in
Labrador.
NEW ENGLAND COMPANY (1649) Headquarters: :
1 Hatton Garden, Holborn, London, E. C, England; De-

nomination: Church of England; Secretary: C. Augustus
Webb, Esq.; Treasurer: Ernest Mathews, B.A. Field:;
Indians of the Grand River Indian Reserve and Mohawk In-

stitution, Brantford, Ontario; Income: $20,000; Expendi-
ture: $20,000.
NORTH AFRICA MISSION (1881) Headquarters: 34
:
Paternoster Row, London, E. C. Denomination: Inter-

:
denominational; Chairman of Council and Hon. Secretary:

Pastor W. Fuller Gooch; Secretary: Dr. C. L. Terry; Hon.
Treasurer: R. C. Morgan, Esq.; Fields: Morocco, Algeria,
Tunis, Tripoli, Egypt; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905:
$43,496.77 (£8,938); Expenditure: $40,017.22 (£8,223);
Organ : North Africa, monthly Ge?ieral Notes : The Mission
;
has ten auxiliaries in England, Ireland and Scotland, which

support missionaries or contribute to the General Fund.
It also has a Prayer and Helpers' Union with 40 branches.
Fifteen converts from Mohammedanism are employed by
the Mission as evangelists. Besides Mohammedans, Jews
and Roman Catholics are reached by the Mission.
NORTH CHINA MISSION (1974): Denomination:
Church of England; Secretary: Rev. Mackwood Stevens,
Addington Rectory, Winslow, Bucks, Eng.; Fields: The
Anglican diocese of North China, including Chi-li and part
of Manchuria, China; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1903:
$22,424 (£4,614); Expenditure: $22,812 (£4,694); Organ:
"The Land of Sinim," quarterly.
-
CHRISTIAN WOMEN; London Committee for (1894):
:
Hon. Secretary: Miss Mabel W. Brown, 91 College Road,

Bromley, Kent, England; Field: Ludhiana, Punjab, India.
See Woman's Work Section, India Division.
NYASSA INDUSTRIAL MISSION (1893) Headquar- :
ters: 6 Old Jewry, London, E. C, England; Denomination:

Baptist, but not under any ecclesiastical organization;
Secretary: Rev. Alfred Walker, Sandrock, Sevenoaks,
Kent; Treasurer: B. I. Greenwood, Esq.; Fields: British
Central Africa; Income: About $7,598 (£1,543); Expendi-
ture: $7,644 (£1,571).
Palestine and Lebanon Nurses' Mission: See Woman's
Work Section.
PRIMITIVE METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(1842): Secretary: Rev. James Pickett, 18 Ridge Road,
Hornsey, London, N.; Treasurer: T. Lawrence, Esq., Hum-
berstone Gate, Leicester, England; Fields: Africa; In-
come, 1905-1906: $48,074; Organ: Primitive Methodist Mis-
sionary Herald.
QUA IBOE MISSION (1887) : Headquarters: 128 Scot-
tish Provident Buildings, Belfast, Ireland; Gen. Secretary:
R. L. McKeown; Hon. Secretary: Mr. James Hamilton;
Hon. Treasurer: William Strain; Field: Nigeria, Africa;
Organ: Qua Iboe Mission Quarterly.
REGIONS BEYOND MISSIONARY UNION (1873)
Headquarters: Harley House, Bow Road, London, E., Eng-
land; Denomination: Interdenominational; Acting Direc-
tor: Rev. H. Grattan Guiness, D.D., F.R.A.S.; Hon. Secre-
tary: Mrs. H. Grattan Guiness; Hon. Treasurer: Theodore
Howard, Esq. Fields : Congo Free State, Berar, India, Peru,
;
Argentina; Income (1905) and Expenditure: Not given, but

average
the Society considers $117,000 (£24,000) to be the
total annual receipts and expenditure; Organ:
Regions Be-
yond; General Notes: The Society has three missionary
training colleges in London which have sent out over
1,200
men and women, the majority of whom are engaged in for-

eign work under some forty Missionary Societies.
SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF; Conversion of the Jews
Committee (1340) Headquarters : 22 Queen street, Edin-

:
burgh, Scotland; Fields: Egypt, Turkey, Scotland; In-

come, Dec. 31, 1905: $26,468 (£5,438 16s.).
Scotland, Church of, Women's Association for the Christ-
ian Education of Jewesses : See Woman's Work Section.
SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF: Committee for the Prop-
agation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts: Headquarters:
22 Queen street, Edinburgh, Scotland; Convener: The Very
Rev. John M'Murtrie, D.D.; Hon. Treasurer: James Pater-
son; Fields: India, British Central Africa, British East
Africa, China; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $192,-
071.02 (£39,468) besides $75,664.82 (£15,544) income of
Women's Association; Expenditure: $210,358.82 (£43,226);
Organ: Quarterly Paper; Outposts.
Church of Scotland Women's Association for Foreign
Missions: See Woman's Work Section.
SCOTLAND: Foreign Missions Committee of the Re-
formed Presbyterian Church of (1871) Secretary: Rev.
:
John McKee, Wishaw, Scotland; Field: Syria; Income:

No information.
SCOTLAND: FOREIGN MISSIONS COMMITTEE
OF THE UNITED FREE CHURCH OF (1000) Head- :
quarters: 15 North Bank Edinburgh, Scotland; Sec-

street,
retaries: Rev. James Buchanan, Dr. George Smith, C.I.E.;
Treasurer: A. Ellison Ross, Esq.; Fields: India, Arabia,
China, South Africa, South Nigeria (Old Calabar), British
Central Africa, New Hebrides, Jamaica, Trinidad; Income,
year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $979,006.53 (£201,173) Organ:
;
Monthly Record; General Notes: The Missionaries in Man-

churia are finding the country open to their efforts as their
work, somewhat disorganized by the war, is taken up. The
splendid service rendered during the war to Chinese sick
and wounded, brought to the Missionary physicians the
thanks of the Chinese Government and aroused in the peo-
ple gratitude and respect toward the Christian religion. The
time seems to have come for taking possession of the whole
of Mapcbufia for Jesus Christ, The Livingstonia Missjoo
The Blue Book
Bo
1 of Missions for 1907 135
on Lake Nyassa, in British Central Africa, has extented its

labors 300 miles west df the Lake, and it now extends to
Chitambo, where Livingstone died.
United Free Church Women's Foreign Missions: See
SCOTLAND: FOREIGN MISSION BOARD OF THE
EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN (1872) Convener: Mr. John
:
R. Andeison; Secretaries and Treasurers: Mr. R. T. Norfor,

C.A., and Mr. W. W. Farqiiharson, 13 Queen street, Edin-
burgh, Scotland; Fields: South Africa, India; Income, year
ending December, 1905: $24,674 (£5,070); Organ: Foreign
Mission Chronicle.
SIERRA LEONE MISSION (1842): Denomination:
Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion; Secretary: Rev. Jo-
seph Bainton, Ashbourne, Derbyshire, England; Treasurer:
M. E. Dolby Shelton, 38 Eldon"^ street, London, E. C, Eng-
land; Fields: Sierra Leone, W. Africa; Income: $4,914.90
(£1,010).
SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOS-
PEL IN FOREIGN PARTS (1701): Headquarters: 19
Delahay street, Westminster, London, S. W., England;
Denomination: Church of England; Secretary: Rt. Rev.
H. H. Montgomery, D.D. Assistant Secretaries: Rev. E. P.
;
Sketchley, Rev. R. Fairfax Scott; Editorial Secretary:

Rev. Canon C. H. Robinson; Fields: India, Ceylon, Straits
Settlements, Borneo, Siam, China, Korea, Japan, Mauritius,
Cape de Verde Is., Madagascar, South Africa, Rhodesia,
Portuguese East Africa, Egypt, French Guinea (Rio Pon-
gas). Gold Coast Colony, Australia, New Guinea, New Zea-
land, Norfolk Island, Fiji Islands, Canada, West Indies,
Honduras, British Guiana, British in Europe; Income, year
ending Dec. 31, 1905: $934,159.73 (£191,957) Expenditure:
;
$1,185,975.73 (£243,702) Organs: The Mission Field,

monthly; The East and The West, quarterly; The King's
Messengers, monthly; The Church Abroad, monthly; General
Notes: The Society carries on Missionary work among Brit-
ish subjects in foreign lands and in the Colonies, as well as
^jnong heathen, Tb? Wojnm^s Association auxiliaiy to thp
Society, in 1904 was constituted the "Committee of "Women's

Work/' It is now a consultative committee of women sub-
scribers appointed by the Standing Committee of the So-
ciety.
SOUTH AFRICA GENERAL MISSION (1889):

Headquarters: 17 Homefield Road, Wimbledon, London, S.
W.; Denomination: Undenominational; Secretary and
Treasurer: Arthur Mercer, Esq., 17 Homefield Road, Wim-
bledon, London, S. W. Fields: South Africa, British Cen-
;
tral Africa, and soldiers and sailors in British service in

Africa; Income, year ending March 31, 1903: $137,640.81
South African Pioneer.
SOUTH AMERICAN EVANGELICAL MISSION
(1895) Headquarters: 60 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool, Eng-
:
land; Denomination: Interdenominational; Director: Bryce

W. Ranken; Secretary: Mr. John Law; Hon. Treasurer:
Frank J. Casse; Fields: South America; Income, year end-
ing Feb. 28, 1906: $4,530.70 (£931) Expenditure: No more
;
spent than is received, $4,496.64 (£924) General Notes: The

;
mission is an association of those interested in working for

the evangelization of South America.
SOUTH AMERICAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(1884) Headquarters : 20 John street, Bedford Row, Lon-
:
don, W. C, England; Denomination: Church of England;

Clerical Secretary: Rev. E. P. Cachemaille; Lay Secretary:
Capt. Edward Poulden; Treasurer: F. A. Bevan; Esq.;
Fields: Brazil, Argentina, Urusruay,Keppel Id., Paraguay,
Chile, Panama; Income: $118,178 (£24,284) Organ: South ;
American Missionary Magazine.

SOUTHERN MOROCCO MISSION (1888) Headquar- ;
ters: 64 Bothwell Glasgow, Scotland; Denomination:

street,
Interdenominational; Secretary: Mr. John Anderson; Field:
Southern Morocco; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1903:
$7,785; Organ: The Reaper.
STRICT BAPTIST MISSION (1860): Headquarters:
Jjondon, England; Hon. Corresponding Secretary^ Mr. S,
%
T. Belcher, 45 Groombridge Road, South Hackney, London,

S. E. ; Hon. Financial Secretary : Mr. A. J. Robbins, Vicar-
age Farm, Hounslow; Fields: Madras, India; Income, year
ending October 21, 1904: $3,395.68 (£904 9s) Expenditure:
;
$3,433.66 (£706 10s); Orgcm: The Strict Baptist Mission

Herald.
SUDAN UNITED MISSION (1904): Headquarters:
Castleton, via Sheffield, England; General Secretary: Karl
W. Kumm, Ph.D.; Denomination: Interdenominational; In-
come, 1905: $12,793.67; Organ: Light Bearer; General
Notes: The Society was formed to meet the crisis in Nigeria
where Mohammedan teachers are overrunning pagan tribes
and the demand for Christian missionaries is pressing. It
has affiliated councils in the United States, Canada, and
South Africa. In Nigeria it has five stations and 20 mis-
sionaries.
TABEETHA MISSION: See Woman's Work Section

under Great Britain.
L^NITARIAN ASSOCIATION, British and Foreign
(1825); Headquarters: Essex Hall, Essex street. Strand,
London, England; Secretary: Rev. W. Copeland Bowie;
Treasurer: Mr. Oswald Nettlefold; Fields: Great Britain,
Belgium, Norway, Denmark, Hungary, India, Japan,
Australia, New Zealand; General Notes: The Association
aids the dissemination of literature by small grants to resi-
dents of these countries.
UNITED METHODIST FREE CHURCHES: Home
and Foreign Mission (1857) Secretary: Rev. H. T. Chap-
:
man, 4 Newton Grove, Leeds, England; Treasurer: R.

Bird; Fields: China, British East Africa, Sierra Leone;
Income, year ending May, 1906: $64,005.66 (£13.379);
Expenditure: $66,778.39 (£13.649); Organ: Missionary
Echo, monthly; General Notes: The Society is coming into
touch with the Gallas in British East Africa, which has
been no easy matter hitherto. It has a fine estate where
it will teach natives to raise cotton. An educated agricul-
tural missionary has been sent to East Africa,
UNIVERSITIES MISSION TO CENTRAL AFRICA

(1858) Headquarters : 9 Dartmouth street, London, S. W.,
:
England; Denomination: Church of England; Secretary:

Rev. Duncan Travers Treasurer : H. Longden Fields : Zan-
; ;
zibar, German East Africa, British Central Africa; Income,

year ending Dec. 31, 1903: $161,882 (£33,309).
WELSH CALVINISTIC METHODIST FOREIGN

MISSIONS (1840) Headquarters: 16 Falkner street, Liv-
:
erpool, England; Secretary: Rev. R. J. Williams; Treas-

urer: William Yenmore; Fields: Assam, India; Brittany,
France; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $75,901.38
(£15,596); Expenditure: $75,206.88 (£15.454); General
Notes: The mission in Assam has been the scene of a revival
of extraordinary power. The additions to the churches in
1905 were 4,258 or more than 23 per cent.
WESLEYAN METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY

(1813) Headquarters : Wesleyan Centenary Hall, 17 Bish-
:
opsgate street Within, London, E. C, Eng. Secretaries: ;
Rev. W. Perkins, Rev. J. M. Brown, Rev. M. Hartley, Rev.

W. H. Findlay, M. A.; Treasurer: Rev. James H. Rigg,
D.D., Mr. Williamson Lamplough; Fields: Italy, Spain,
Portugal, Ireland, France, Transvaal, Rhodesia, Ceylon,
India, China, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Lagos, Honduras,
Pa,nama, Bahamas, Jamaica, Haiti, San Domingo, Bar-
bados, Trinidad, British Guiana; Income, year ending Dec.
31, 1905: $835,397.98 (£171.663) Expenditure: $872,576.87
;
(£179,293); Organ: The Foreign Field; At Home and

Abroad (Juvenile) General Notes: The missions originated
;
by the Society in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji Is.,

Friendly Is., have long ago been passed over to Colonial
Conferences. Missions in Cape Colony, Natal, and Orange
River Colony are directed by the South African Conference,
Avhich received in 1005 aid from the Society to the amount
of £3,108. The missions established by the Society in Ire-
land are administered by local Conferences with aid, ex-
.
pected to cease in ten yenrs. Mi'^sions in France are carried

on iji close cooperation with local Conferences, The work
The Blue Book'oii' Missions for 1907 139
of the Society in the British Army and Navy extends to

Mediterranean stations, India, Ceylon, Burma, Singapore,
Hongkong, South Africa, St. Helena, West Indies,
Australia and New Zealand. Medical Missions are being
largely increased in the various fields of the Society; educa-
tion is showing efficiency as an evangelistic agency, and in
all the fields there is increase of membership.
Wesleyan Methodist Women's Auxiliary: See Woman's
Work Section.
YOUNO MEN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(Ikwezi Lamaci, 1877) Headquarters : Y. M. C. A. Build-
:
ing, Needless Alley,Birmingham, England; Treasurer: Mr.

Edwin A. Page; Field: Ikwezi Lamaci (Harding Natal,
South Africa); Income, 1905: $3,080.02 (£632. 17s.);
Expenditure: $3,299.13 (£677. 18s.).
ZAMBESI INDUSTRIAL MISSION (1892): Head-
quarters: 6 Colonial avenue, Minories, London, England;
Secretary: Mr. Robert Caldwell; Financial Secretary: F.
G. Toller; Field: British Central Africa; Income, year
ending Aug. 31, 1903: $60,684 (£12,418 15s.); Expendi-
ture: $119,724 (£24,634 16s.); Organ: Zambesi Industrial
Union, monthly.
The Society owns important estates in British Central
Africa, where it raises cotton, coffee, rubber, etc.
Zenana Bible and Medical Mission: See Woman's Work
Section under Great Britain.
BRITISH COLONIES
Africa
SOUTH AFRICAN DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH,

GENERAL MISSION COMMITTEE OF THE (1901) :
Headquarters: Town, South Africa; Chairman:

Cape
Rev. Andrew MuiTay, D.D., General Secretary: Rev.
J. du Plessis, P. 0. Box 144, Cape Town; Field: Cape
Colony, Transvaal, Bechuanaland, Mashonaland, Natal,
Nâss^land; Income, 1905; $74,686 (£15;347); GenerQl
Notes: The Dutch Reformed Church of Cape Colony num-

bers about 110,000 members. It supports Home Missions in
Cape Colony with 45 missionaries and 42,556 adherents,
and Foreign Missions in Transvaal, Bechuanaland, Rhodesia
and Nyassaland, with 45 missionaries, 660 native workers
and 7,700 church members. The D. R. Ministers Missionary
Union has been merged in the General Missionary enter-
prise.
DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH OF THE ORANGE

RIVER COLONY, Missions of the: The mission field of
this church lies in Northeast Rhodesia and comprises four
stations, occupied by five missionaries.
SOUTH AFRICAN WESLEYAN METHODIST MIS-

SIONARY SOCIETY (1882) Headquarters: Cape Town;
:
Secretary: Rev. J. Robb, Verulam, Natal; Treasurers: Rev.

R. Lamplough, Mr. H. R. Wood; Fields: Cape Colony,
Natal; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1903: $115,410.42
(£23,747) ; Expenditure (including balance from 1902 of
$24,368) $126,606 (£26,050 13s.) ; General Notes: The So-
:
ciety ministers to both English and native congregations in

South Africa. Including both English and natives, it reports
282,132 adherents, of whom 73,866 are full church members.
No statistics have been received since the year 1904. The
statistics given in the table on another page relate to natives
alone. The Society lays great stress upon educational work
as an efficient method of evangelization and spiritual culture.
Its field is of great extent, it embraces many races and classes
of men and
; the enterprise now encounters, besides the usual
obstacles of the ignorance and vice of heathenism, the errors
growing out of contact with partially understood civilization.
Epidemics and famine have made havoc in the little mission
communities. Yet in most cases the native Christians have
shown patience and fortitude and surprising self-denial in
contributing to church institutions. In several districts there
is a growing observance of Christian customs among the
heathen neighbors of the Christians. Government regulations
in Natal interfere with the employment of native pastojs
at posts where there is no European oversight. But this is an

injustice that will certainly be remedied in time. growingA
evangelistic enterprise has been begun among the coolies
from India.
Australia
AUSTRALIAN BOARD OF MISSIONS (1850):

Headquarters: Sydney, New South Wales; Denomination:
Church of England; Secretary: Rev. John Dixon, St.
Thomas' Rectory, Bahnain West, Sydney, New South
Wales Fields : The natives of Australia, Melanesia, Chinese
;
immigrants. New Guinea.

METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF AUS-
TRALASIA (1855): Headquarters: 381 George street,
Sydney, New South Wales; Secretary and Deputy Treas-
urer: Rev. George Brown, D.D.; Organizing Secretary:
Rev. B. Danks; Gen. Treasurers: Rev. B. Sellors, D.D.,
Hon. W. Robson, M.L.C. Fields: Fiji and Friendly
;
Islands, New Guinea, New Ireland, New Britain and New

Georgia, and Chinese coolies in Australia; Income, year end-
ing Dec. 31, 1905: $110,527.94 (£22,712); Expenditure:
$116,873.85; Organ: Missionary Review; General Notes:
The Society was an auxiliary of the WMS
for 33 years
before it took up independent work in 1855. It has auxili-
aries in each of the Australian states, in Tasmania and in
New Zealand.
The Society on work begun by the Wesleyan Meth-
carries
odist Missionary Society, and has vigorously pressed its own
enterprises in other islands. It also has a strong mission
among the Chinese in Australia and among East Indians
resident in Fiji. The increase of European population in
the islands longest occupied, and the aggression of Roman
Catholics, Mormons and others, has led the Society to con-
tinue a force of Missionaries in Fiji and Samoa, although
the people are Christianized. The influence of unprincipled
Europeans tends to lead the unsophisticated natives into
immorality, gambling, and intemperance, while the specious
suggestions of emissaries of other religious organizations
tends to divide the churches and to lead many from

Christianity into mere sectarianism. An interesting token
of ability in native clergy is found
in the steady grqjffth
of the Christian church in the island of Rotuma, where,
during 20 years the entire charge of the work has been in
the hands of a Fijian native minister and teachers. In Fiji
as in other Christianized fields, the Society now sees the
need of providing a more extensive literature for the nurture
of the Christian community. A second German Methodist
minister has joined the mission during the year for service
in New Britain, where he has been welcomed by the German
authorities.
BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF

NEW SOUTH WALES (1892) : Secretary: Rev. F. Hib-
berd,"Sarum" Carlingford, New South Wales; Treasurer:
Mr. W. Buckingham; Field: India.
FURREEDPORE MISSION (1864) : (Also called the
South Australian Missionary Society) Headquarters : King
:
William Road, Hyde Park, South Australia; Denomination:

Baptist; Gen. Secretary: Rev. John Price; Treasurer: A. S.
Neill, 20 Nat. Mutual Buildings, King William Street,
Adelaide, South Australia; Field: Farridpur and Pabna
Districts, Bengal, India: Income, to July, 1903: $5,608.44
(£1,154); Expenditure: $5,759.10 (£1,185); Organ: Mis-
sionary Echo; General Notes: Has 8 missionaries and 9
native workers, 10 schools.
BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE PRES-
BYTERIAN CHURCH OF AUSTRALIA: Headquarters:
Sydney; Convener: Rev. Alex. Stewart; Field: New
Hebrides, Korea, Australian Aborigines, Chinese immi-
grants; Income: $45,000; Organ: Missionary Record.
Woman's Missionary Association: Org. Secretary: Miss
Forbes; Field: India; Organ: Ministering Women.
QUEENSLAND BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(1887) : Headquarters : Brisbane, Queensland; Secretary:
Mr. Sidney G. Martin, 295 Queen street, Brisbane, Queens-
land, Australia; Treasurer: Mr. W. R. Smith, RT and
:
SS Book Depot, Albert street, Brisbane, Queensland, Aus-

tralia; Field: Noakhali District, Bengal, India.
SOUTH AUSTRALIAN BAPTIST MISSIONARY SO-

CIETY: See Furreedpore Mission, above.
VICTORIAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSION (1885)
Denomination: Baptist; Secretary: Rev. W. H. Holds-
worth, M.A., "Lynton," Edgevale Road, Kew, Victoria,
Australia; Treasurer: Mr. H. Holmes, "Handsworth," Glen-
ferrie Road, Victoria, Australia; Field: Bengal, India;
General Notes : The Society has eleven missionaries in India.
WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(1896) : Denomination: Baptist; Secretary: Rev. N. L.
Beurle, South Perth, West Australia; Field: Goalundo,
Bengal.
New Zealand
MELANESIAN MISSION: Headquarters: Norfolk Is-
land; Denomination: Church of England; Bishop of Mel-
anesia: The Rt. Rev. Cecil Wilson, M. A.; Commissary in
New Zealand: Archdeacon Calder, of Auckland, New Zea-
land; Secretary in New Zealand: Mr. G. O'Halloran, Jr.,
Auckland, New Zealand Organising Sec. in Australia : Rev.
;
R. M. Faithful Davies, Sydney, N. S. W.; Treasurer: Mr.

W. S. Cochrane, Auckland, New Zealand; Organ: The
Southern Cross Log; Field: The northernmost islands of
the New Hebrides, the Banks Is., the Torres Is., Santa
Cruz, and the Solomon Is., with Norfolk Island as a center
for training native workers; General Notes: Two central
schools, one in the Solomon Is. and one in the Banks Is.,
serve as feeders to the school at Norfolk Island. Woman's
work has begun (with 7 women missionaries) in the Solo-
mon and Banks groups. Three natives have been ordained
and 3 more are to be ordained shortly. The mission has
35 European missionaries, men and women, and 665 native
workers, of whom 15 are native clergy. New factors in the
work are the return of large numbers of natives from work
in Queensland, and large increase of white traders. For
income, see British section.
::
NEW ZEALAND BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY

(1885, 1902): Hon. Secretary: Rev. J. C. Martin, Sprey-
don, Christchiirch, N. Z.; Hon. Treasurer: Mr. A. Hoby,
Wellington; Field: India (Bengal); Receipts, year end-
ing Sept. 30, 1905: $10,453.24 (£2,148); Expenditure:
$10,039.58 (£2,063); Organ: Missionary Messenger.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NEW ZEALAND:
Foreign Missionary Committee of the (1869 and 1899)
Convener: Rev. Wm. Hewitson, Dunedin, New Zealand;
Field: Chinese of Otago and Southland, Canton villages,
New Hebrides, and Madras, India.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NEW ZEALAND:
Maori Missions of the Convener : Rev. R. M. Ryburn, M.A.,
;
AVanganui, N. Z. Fields: Taupo, Taumaranui and Stewart

;
Is., New Zealand, with a school for Maori girls, at Tura-
hina, N. Z.
TASMANIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY: Headquar-
ters: Tasmania; Denomination: Baptist; Secre-
Latrobe,
tary: Miss E. A. Broomby, Launeeston, Tasmania; Treas-
urer: Mr. G. D. Gould, Latrobe, Tasmania.
Canada
AFRICA INDUSTRIAL MISSION (1898): Amalga-

mated with the Sudan United Mission, which see below, and
in British Section.
BAPTIST CONVENTION OF THE MARITIME
PROVINCES (1846): Foreign Mission Board of the
Headquarters: 85 Germain street, St. John, New Bruns-
wick Secretary and Treasurer : Rev. J. W. Manning Field
; ;
India (Telugus) Income, year ending Aug, 1906: $25,-

;
465.49; Expenditure: $23,863.79.

Baptist Convention of the Maritime Provinces, Women's
Missionary Society: See Woman's Work Section.
BAPTIST CONVENTION OF ONTARIO AND QUE-
BEC, Foreign Mission Board of the (1873)
: Headquarters:
17 Richmond St.West, Toronto, Ontario; Secretary: Rev.
J. G. Brown; Treasurer: Rev. E. T. Fox; Field: India,

Bolivia; Income, 1904-1905: $47,630.77.
Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec, Women's
Missionary Society See Woman's Work Section.
:
CHURCH OF ENGLAND IN CANADA, Domestic and

Foreign Missionary Society of the (1883) Headquarters:
:
Toronto, Ontario; Secretary: Rev. L. Norman Tucker; As-

sistant Secretary: Rev. J. Cooper Robinson; Treasurer:
C. A. Eliot, Esq., 240 Daly avenue, Ottawa, Ontario; Field:
N. W. Provinces of Canada, Japan, China, India, South
America, Palestine, Persia, Central and Eastern Africa; Ir^-
cor/ie, year ending Dee. 31, 1903 $81,951.16, of which $26,-
:
644.11 was for Foreign Missions; Expenditure: $78,003.29;

General Notes: The Society has an auxiliary in the Canadian
Church Missionary Society. Thei-e is also a Woman's Auxil-
iary. Of its Foreign Missionaries, 21 are working in connec-
tion with the CMS and 1 in connection with SAMS. Be-
sides these on the CMS roll the Society supports 8 mission-
aries, men and women, in Japan.
METHODIST CHURCH IN CANADA, Missionary So-

ciety of the (1824) Headquarters : 33 Richmond street, W.,
;
Toronto; Secretary: Rev. A. Sutherland; Associate Secre-

tary: Rev. James Henderson; Treasurers: H. H. Fudger,
Esq., the Rev. A. Sutherland; Field: Japan, China, Canada
Indians, Asiatics and Whites Income, year ending June 30,
;
1904: $343,835.90; Expenditure: $308,828.70, of which

$36,809.76 was appropriated to the foreign fields directly;
Organ : Missionary Outlook.
Methodist Church in Canada, Women's Missionary So-
ciety: See AVoman's Work Section.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, Foreign Missionary Com-

mittee of the (1844) Headquarters : Eastern Division: 103
:
Granville street, Halifax, N. S.; Western Division: 89 Con-

federation Life Building, Toronto, Ontario ; Secretary, East-
ern Division: Rev. E. A. McCurdy; Westerti Division: Rev.
R. P. Mackay; Field, Eastern Division: New Hebrides,
Trinidad, British Guiana, Korea; Western Division: For-
;
mosa, India, China, Chinese in Canada, Indians in Canada;

Income, year ending March 1, 1906, Eastern Division : $42,-
192; Western Division: $160,422; Total Income: $212,-
302; Expenditure, Eastern Division: $41,865; Western
Division: $169,422; Total, $211,287; Organ: Presbyterian
Record.
Presbyterian Women's Foreign Missionary Society (Can-
ada) : Eastern Division, also Western Division: See
SUDAN UNITED MISSION: (See British Section)
Headquarters North American Council 262 Delaware Ave.,
:
Toronto, Canada: Gen. Secretary for North America: R.

V. Bingham; Secretary for Canada: J. Galloway; Organ:
Missionary Witness. (See also U. S. Section.)
India
BALAGHAT MISSION (1893): Headquarters: Behir,

Central Provinces, India ; Denomination : Undenominational
Secretary: Miss Adelin Lampard, 114 Clapham Common,
London, N. E.; Field: Four stations in Behir and vicinity,
Central Provinces, India; Income: Not stated; £800 (about
$4,000) was called for in 1903.
BETHEL SANTAL MISSION (1875): Merged in
Indian Home Mission to the Santhals 1905.
INDIAN HOME MISSION TO THE SANTHALS
(1867): Headquarters: Benagaria, Bengal, India; Secre-
tary and Treasurer: Rev. L. 0. Skrefsrud; Treasurer: In
Denmark, J. Schroeder, Copenhagen, Denmark; Field:
Santal Parganas and Assam, India; Income, year ending
March 31, 1902; $27,288.90 (including sales oi tea); Ex-
penditure: (including expense of tea-gardens) $24,098.10;
General Notes: The Mission is of Danish origin and re-
ceives contributions from England and Scotland. It has
about 13,000 professed Christians connected with it.
INDUSTRIAL AND EVANGELISTIC MISSION OF

INDIA (1903): Headquarters: Pilibhit, United Provinces,
:;
India; Denomination: Interdenominational; Superintendent:

Rev. J. C. Lawson; Field: Pilibhit, Mussoorie, Dehra Dun;
General Notes: Has honorary secretaries in Great Britain,
Canada, Australia, and in the United States, Mr. H. F.
Kletzling, 151 Washington St., Chicago, 111.
POONA AND INDIAN VILLAGE MISSION (1895)

Headquarters : Nasarapur, Poona Denomi-
District, India;
nation: Interdenominational; Director: Charles F. Reeve;
Secretary and Treasurer: appointed yearly by the execu-
tive; Organ: White already to Harvest, monthly; Field:
Villages in Poona district, Bombay; General Notes: Obtains
support from contributions sent without personal solicita-
tion. It has medical work, under a lady doctor and
European dispenser and nurses.
RANAGHAT MEDICAL MISSION (1893): Trans-
ferred to the Church Missionary Society, 1905.
Jamaica
JAMAICA BAPTIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY

(1849) :Headquarters: Kingston, Jamaica; Secretary:
Rev. E. J. Hewett, Anchovy P. 0., Jamaica; Treasurer:
Rev. W. Pratt, Kingston, Jamaica; Fields: Jamaica, Haiti,
Cayman Is., Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia; Income in
1903: $8,869.50 (£1,825); Expenditure: $9,894.26 ( £2,036 )
General Notes: The Society has 10 stations in Jamaica and
16 in its distinctively foreign work. It has in Calabar Col-
lege a training school for evangelists.
JAMAICA CHURCH OF ENGLAND Home : and For-

eign Missionary Society (1861): Headquarters: Kingston,
Jamaica; Secretary: I. R. Latreille, Esq., 3 Duke street,
Kingston, Jamaica; Treasurer: The Colonial Bank, King-
ston; Field: Jamaica, Africa, and fields of SPG and CMS;
Income in 1905: $6,265 (£1,287); General Notes: The So-
ciety carries on home missions in Jamaica, and foreign mis-
sions in the Rio Pongas region. West Africa, besides sub-
scribing to the general work of the SPG and the CMS,
VARIOUS SPECIAL MISSIONS

CHRISTIAN SCHOOL OF ARTS AND CRAFTS
(1904) :American Committee Headquarters: New York
City; Secretary: Mrs. Kiliaen Van Rensselaer; Treasurer:
Mrs. Charles Atwood Edwards, 550 Park avenue, New York
City; Field: Industrial Training of Women in the region
of Bombay, India.
FRIENDS^ AFRICA INDUSTRIAL MISSION: Field:
Kaimosi, British East Africa; Income, year ending March
31, 1904: $2,000, included under American Friends^ For-
eign Missions.
INDUSTRIAL MISSIONS AID SOCIETY: Head-
quarters: 84 Portland London; Denomination: Unde-
St.,
nominational; Secretary: Mr. Fred Toller; Field: India,
East Africa; General Notes: Aids Missions by relieving
them of financial responsibility and administration of in-
dustries carried on for the advantage of native converts.
LEPERS IN INDIA ANDTHE EAST: Mission to
(1874); Headquarters: 28 North Bridge, Edinburgh, Scot-
land; Denomination: Interdenominational; Superintendent:
Wellesley C. Bailey; Hon. Secretary: Miss C. E. Pirn,
Alma, Monkstown, Co. Dublin, Ireland; Hon. Treasurer:
Col. G. C. Dobbs, 8 Burlington Road, Dublin, Ireland;
Field: India, China, Japan, Malaysia; Income, year ending
Dec. 31, 1905: $99,787.53 (£20,505); Organ: Without the
Camp, quarterly; General Notes: The Society aids 24 Brit-
ish and American missionary societies in supporting work
for lepers, and maintains 49 asylums of its own, in which
are 3,511 lepers. The aided asylums number 25 and in
them are 3,661 lepers.
LEPERS IN JERUSALEM AND ELSEWHERE
(1900) : Independent Missionary: Mrs. Minerva Ryerson,
Jerusalem, Palestine; Treasurers: Rev. R. H. McCready,
Chester, N. Y.: D. L. Conkling, Middletown, N. Y.; Field:
The lepers of Jerusalem.
NATIONAL ARMENIA AND INDIA RELIEF ASSO-
CIATION: Headquarters: New York; Treasurer: John
:
Crosby Brown (Brown Bros. & Co.), 59 Wall Street, New

York; Secretary: Miss E. C. Wheeler, The Albion, Main
Street, Worcester, Mass. Organ : The Helping Hand, quar-
;
terly; General Notes: Aids in support of orphans.
PAPUAN INDUSTRIES, LIMITED (1904): Head-

quarters: 120 Colraore Row, Birmingham, England; Secre-
tary: Thomas Elson; Field: New Guinea and islands in the
Torres Straits ; General Notes : The object of the company is
to aid in the material, moral and spiritual uplifting of the
natives of New Guinea and the islands of the Torres
Straits. The capital of the company is £50,000.
The central station is on Mulgrave (Badue) Island, Torres
Straits. The Managing Director in the field is Rev. F. W.
Walker, formerly missionary of the London Missionary
Society in New Guinea.
SOCIETIES OF THE CONTINENT OF EUROPE

Denmark
DANISH MISSIONARY SOCIETY (1821) (Danske
Missionsselskab) : Denomination:
Lutheran; Secretary:
Rev. T. Loegstrup, Fredericia, Denmark; Treasurer: Mr.
Chr. Sehlesch, Dosseringen 81.2 Sal Copenhagen Q. ; Fields
India, China; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $49,864;
Organ: Danske Mission-Blad General Notes: Mission work
;
in China (Manchuria) was interrupted by the Russo-Japan-

ese war. It has now been reestablished. There are 15
missionaries (3 of whom are unmarried women) at 5
stations in Manchuria; one of the missionaries is a medical
man. In India there are 19 missionaries (6 being unmar-
ried women) at 8 stations.
INDIAN HOME MISSION TO THE SANTALS: See

the "British Colonies" section for this Danish Mission.
LOVENTHAI/S MISSION: Denomination: Undenomi-

national; Secretary: Rev. P. J. St. Riemann, Faxe, Praste-
gaard, Denmark; Fields: India.
Finland, Russia
FINNISH MISSIONARY SOCIETY (1859) (Finska :
Missions-Selskapet) ; Headquarters: Observatoriigatan 18,

Helsingfors, Finland; Mission-Director: Rev. Lector Joos
Mustakallio; Secretary: Pastor H. H. Haaliti; Treasurer:
Victor Jacobson; Field: German S. W. Africa, China; In-
come, year ending December 31, 1905, $42,013.75 (Fmk.
221,125); Expenditure: $39,211.44 (Fmk. 206,376).
France
PARIS EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(Societe des Missions Evangeliques chez les Peuples non-
Chretiens etablie a Paris, 1882) Headquarters : Maison des
:
Missions, Arago, Paris;

102 Boulevard Denomination:
Evangelical Protestant; Director: M. le Pasteur A. Boeg-
ner; Secretary: M. Jean Bianquis; Treasurer: M. Onesime
Beigbeder; Field: Basutoland, Senegal, French Congo, and
Rhodesia, Africa, Madagascar, Polynesia; Income, year
ending March 31, 1906: $144,537.86 (fcs. 748,901); Ex-
penditure: $193,791.11 (fcs. 1,004,099) Organ: he Journal
;
des Missions Evangeliques, Petit Messager, LÂmi des Mis-

sions ; General Notes : The Society has had to face during the
year many difficulties gi'owing out of the separation of
Church and State in France which throws all religious bodies
upon own resources by cutting off the State subsidy.
their
A of about $50,000 at the closing of its fiscal year
deficit
has been removed by special subscriptions. The Basuto-
land mission is steadily growing. The work of the Society
in New Caledonia (Melanesia) is gaining in interest.
Germany
BASEL MISSIONARY SOCIETY: See Switzerland.
BERLIN MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Gesellschaft zur
Beforderung der evangelischen Missionen unter den Heiden
zu Berlin (1824); also called Berlin L; Headquarters:
Georgenkirchstrasse 70, Berlin, N. O., Germany; Mission
Director: Past Superintendent Gensichen, D.D.; Mission In-

spectors: Pastor I. Wendland, Past Superintendent A. Mer-
ensky, D.D., Lie. Th. K. Axenfeld; Field: Cape Colony,

Orange River Colony, Transvaal, Rhodesia, Natal, German
East Africa, China; Income, year ending Dee. 31, 1905:
$260,556.06 (mks. 1,094,773); Expenditure: $308,795.26
(mks. 1,297,459); Organ: Berliner Missionsberichte, Mis-
sionsfreund; General Notes: Books relating to the Society
and its field which can be consulted with advantage are the
following: Wangemann's Ein Reisejahr in Sud Afrika;
Ein Zweiter Reisejahr in Sud Afrika; Kratzenstein's
Geschichte der Berliner Missionsgesellschaft; Gensichen's
Bilder on Unserem Missions f elde ; Merensky's Erinnerun-
gen aus dem Missionslehen in Transvaal; Deutscher Arbeit
am Nyassa; and Missions Atlas der Berliner Missionsgesell-
schaft.
Berlin Women's Missionary Society for China: See
Blind Females in China, German Mission to: See
BREKLUM MISSIONARY SOCIETY ( Schleswig-Hol-

steinische evang. luth. Missionsgesellschaft zu Breklum,
1877); Headqiiarters : Breklum, Schleswig; Denomination:
Evangelical Lutheran; Inspector: Pastor R. Bahnsen; Field}
India; Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $41,318.94
(mks. 173,609);^ Expenditure: $39,772.41 (mks. 167,111);
Organ: Schleswig-Holstenisches Missionblatt, Frauen
Missionsblatt, Der Kleine Missionsherold, (in Danish) Vort
Missionsblad ; all monthly.
Deaconess' Institute at Kaiserswerth: See Woman's Work

Section.
Women's Society for the Education of Women in the
East: See Woman's Work Section.
GERMAN BAPTISTS IN BERLIN: Missionary Society
of the (Missionsgesellschaft der Deutschen Baptisten in Ber-
lin, 1890) Headquarters: Filandastrasse, 4 Steglitz bei
;
Berlin, Germany; Inspector: K. Mascher; Field: Kam-

:
erun, W. Africa; Income, year ending December, 1905:

$27,694 (mks. 90,032.53); Expenditure: $27,675 (mks. 89,~
702.43); Organ: Unsere Heidenmission, monthly.
GERMAN EAST AFRICA Evangelical Missionary So-
:
ciety for (Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft fiir Deutsch-

Ost-Afrika —Berlin III. —1886); Headquarters: Grosslich-
Germany; In-
terfelde bei Berlin, Zehlendorferstrasse 55,
spectors: Pastor W. Michaelis, Pastor W. Trittelvitz;
Field: German East Africa; Income, year ending Dec. 31,
1903: $23,196 (mks. 97,461.86); Expenditure: $25,990
(mks. 109,200.77); Organ: Nachrichten aus der Ost-Afri-
kanischen Mission.
GENERAL EVANGELICAL PROTESTANT MIS-

SIONARY SOCIETY (Allgemeiner Evangelisch-Protes-
tantischer Missionsverein, 1884) : Headquarters : Berlin,
Germany; President: Prediger D. Kind, Kronenstrasse 70,
Berlin, W. 8., Germany; Inspector: Prediger Dr. Fobbe,
Mohrenstresse 13-14, Berlin, W. 8. Treasurer : Max Thieme,
;
Charlottenburg ; Field: Japan, China; Income, year ending

Dec. 31, 1905: about $25,000; Expenditure: About $26,000;
Organ: Zeitschrift flir Missionskunde und Religionswiss-
enschaft, Missionsblatt des Allg. Ev.-Prot. Missionsverein.
GOSSNER MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Gossnersche

Mission —Berlin 1836) Headquarters : Handjeiystrasse
II., :
19-20, Friedenau-Berlin, Germany; President: Gen. Sup.

Dr. Braun; Director of Missions: Pastor Kausch; Inspec-
tors: P. Romer, P. Zernick; Field: India, especially the
Kols of Chota Nagpur Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1904
;
$55,919.52 (mks. 234,956) Expenditure: $79,007.53 (mks.

;
332,132.52) Organ: Die Biene auf dem Missionsf elde ; Die

;
Kleine Biene fiir Jung und Alt; Mitteilungen an den

Freundeskreis der Gossnersehen Mission, all monthly; Gen-
eral Notes: The Society employs only 49 missionaries, mis-
sionaries* wives not included. Its work is scattered through
2,116 villages. This implies that its force of native
workers is large and well trained. Connected with the mis-
sion at the end of 29 yearns labor were 19,355 baptized
:
Christians, and 22,551 adherents of all classes. At the end

of 1904 the baptized Christians numbered 64,145, the ad-
herents 82,338 and the candidates for baptism 18,193. The
Kols from its Churches in Chota Nagpur having in some
number found work in Assam, their teachers go with them.
As a mle, the Kols give freely to Church objects, and work
well for the evangelization of neighboring pagans. The
mission is hampered by a deficit about $23,000 (mks. 97,-
176.74).
HANNOVER FREE EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN
CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Mission der Han-
no verischen ev.-Luth. Freikirche in Hermannsburg, 1892) :
Headquarters: Nettelkamp, Hanover, Germany; Presi-

dent: Pastor Hautze; Treasurer: E. Bingmann; Field:
South Africa: Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1903: about
$5,000; Organ: Missionsblatt der Hannoverischen ev.-Luth.
Freikirche.
HERMANNSBURG MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Her-

mannsburger Missionsgesellschaft, 1849) : Headquarters
Hermannsburg Hanover, Germany; Director: Egm. Harms;
Assoc. Director: Pastor Dr. George Haccius; Field: Africa,
India, Persia; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $134,593
(mks. 565,937); Expenditure: $140,144.90 (mks. 589,264);
Organ: Hermannsburger Missionsblatt, Das Missionsblatt
fur unsere liebe Jugend, both fortnightly; General Notes:
The society reports 183 stations and out-stations, 66 mission-
aries, 672 native workers and 65,689 professing Christians.
It also reports 11 German Lutheran Churches in South
Africa as affiliated with its mission. Its Persian Misson is
conducted by 3 Nestorians who have received Lutheran in-
struction. Four-fifths of the Society's adherents are in
the Transvaal Colony. American Lutherans regularly con-
tribute to the Society's funds.
JERUSALEM SOCIETY (Jerusarem-verein in Berlin,

1852): Headquarters: Berlin; President: Count, on Zieten
Schwerin, Wustrau, Kreis Ruppin; Secretary: Pastor DJ
Weser, Bischofstrasse 4-5 Berlin, C. 2, Germany; Field:
:
Syria; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1901: $21,638; Organ:

Neuste Nachrichten aus dem Morgenlande.
KIEL CHINA MISSION (Kieler- China-Mission, 1879)
Headquarters: Missionshaus, Kiel, Germany; Conductor:
Pastor Witt; Field: China; Organ: Er Kommt.
LEIPZIG MISSIONARY SOCIETY ( Evangeliseh-Lu-
thenisehe Mission zu Leipzig, 1836) Headquarters : Carolin-
:
nenstrasse 19, Liepzig; President: Geh. Oberkirchenrat D.

Bard; Director of Institute: D. Schwartz; Inspector of
Missions: Dr. Siedel; Fields: India, English East Africa;
German East Africa; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905:
$153,939.82 (mks. 646,806); Êxpenditure: $129,281.12
(mks. 543,198); Organ: Missionsblatt General Notes: In
;
India this society is successor to the old Danish-Halle mis-

sion in the tranquebar field and celebrated in 1905 the
200th aniversary of its establishment. Including unmarried
women, it has in India 55 missionaries with 47 stations and
out-stations and 21,516 professing Christians, of whom
10,011 are communicants. In Africa its mission fields are
among the Chagga tribes on the slopes of Kilima Njaro (21
missionaries), and among the Kamba tribes moun-
east of the
tain (9 missionaries) in British territory. The Society has
242 schools in India and 44 in its Africa missions.
Leipzig Missionary Society's Women's Auxiliary: See
Woman^s Work Section.
MEDICAL MISSION UNION (Verein fiir artzHche
Mission, 1898) Headquarters: Stuttgart, Germany; Man-
:
ager: Mr. Oberlehrer Kammerer, Alte Weinsteige 26, Stutt-

gart, Germany; Treasurer: Mr. Max Hartenstein, Cann-
statt, Germany; Field: China, and in general the field of
the Basel Evang. Missionary Society; General Notes: The
Society collects funds for the support of medical missions,
especially those of the Basel Society it aids medical mission-
;
books and instruments,

aries in the field with donations of
and helps young men to gain medical education for service
in the mission fields.
MORAVIAN MISSIONS ( Missions- Werk der Evange-

lischer Briider Unittit, 1732); Headquarters: Berthelsdorf,

Hermhut, Saxony; President: Rt. Rev. Dr. Chas. Buchner,
Representative of the German Unity; Rt. Rev. Benjamin
Latrobe, Representative of the British Unity; Rt. Rev. Dr.
Taylor Hamilton, Representative of the American Unity;
Vice-Presidents: Rev. John Ban, Rt. Rev. Paul Hennig;
Secretaries: (in Berthelsdorf) Rev. Leonard Tietzen; Rev.
Hermann Tietzen; (in London) Rev. C. J. Klesel; (in Amer-
ica, Bethlehem, Pa.) Rev. Paul de Schweinitz; Treasurer:
George Schammer; Field: Labrador, Alaska, California,
West Indies, Nicaragua (Moskito), Brit. Guiana, Dutch Gui-
ana, Cape Colony, German East Africa, India (Himalayas),
Australia; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $479,554
(mks. 1,918,234); Expenditure:' $483,535 (mks. 1,934,143);
Organ: Missionsblatt der Briidergemeine ; General Notes:
The Society has reached a point of growth where income
each year falls behind expenditure. This implies that the
little Moravian body and their friends must make greater
they cannoit ignore the demands of new work,
sacrifices since
especially in German East Africa. The deficit has been re-
duced to $2,838; stringent economy in administration is be-
ing adhered to, and our record closes in the midst of strenu-
ous efforts to raise the funds necessary to carry on the
whole work laid upon the Moravians by the providence of
God.
NEU DETTELSAU MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Mis-
sions- Anstalt in Neuen Dettelsau; also called Bayerische
Missions-Gesellschaft, 1886); Headquarters: Neuen-Dettel-
sau, Bavaria; Inspector of Missions: Martin Deinzer; Field:
New Guinea, Australia; Income: $15,000; Organ: Frei-
mund's Kirehliches und Politisches Wochenblatt, with sup-
plement on Church work in N. America, Australia, and
German New Guinea.
NEUKIRCHEN MISSIONARY INSTITUTE (Neukir-
chener Missions Anstalt, 1881) Headquarters: Neukirchen
:
bd More, Dupseldorf, Germany; Inspector: Pastor Jul.

Stursberg; Treasurer: Wilhehn Kielmann; Field: Samar-
:
ang and Rembang districts of Java; Lamu and Tana dis-

E. Africa; Income, year ending May 31,
tricts in British
1904: $22,752 (mks. 96,014); Expenditure: $22,666 (ml<s.
95,234 mks; Organ: Der Missions-und-Heid«ibote.
NORTH CxERMAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Nord-

deiitsehe Missions Headquarters : EUhom-
Gesellschaft) :
strasse 26, Bremen, Germany; President: I. Schroeder;

Inspector : Aug. W. Schreiber ; Treasurer : G. Henke Field ;
Togoland, W. Africa; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905:

$52,555 (m.ks. 220,730.98); Expenditure: $45,758 (mks.
181.58) Organ: Monatsblatt der Nordd. Mis's. Gesellschaft,
;
monthly; Missions-kinderfreund, monthly.
RHENISH MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Rheinische Mis-

sions Gesellschaft) : Headquarters: Rudolfstrasse 129, Bar-
men, Germany; President: F. W. Rohrig, Barmen; Inspect-
ors: Pastor Haussleiter, Pastor Spiecker, Pastor Kriele;
Field: Cape Colony, German S. W. Africa, Borneo, Sumatra,
Nias, Mentawei Is., China, New Guinea Income, year ending
;
Dec. 31, 1905; $201,620.35 {mks. 84:7, US.d5) ; Expenditure:

$213,962.95 (mks. 899,004); Organs: Berichte der Rheinis-
chen Missions Gesellschaft, Missionsblatt Barmen, Der
Kleine Missionsfreund, all monthly; General Notes: The
Society is almost unique in the experience of coming face
to face with a Mohammedan propaganda (in Sumatra)
among pagans, checking it and winning converts from the
Mohammedans themselves in some nmnber. In 1905 the
number of Mohammedan converts baptized was 155, and
767 were under instruction for baptism. There were also
1,533 Mohammedan pupils in the schools of the mission.
Following the native rising in German S. W. Africa, 11
stations out of 16 in the north and 7 out of 11 in the south.
(Great Namaqualand) are in operation with some encour-
agement.
SUDAN PIONEER MISSION (Sudan Pionier Mission,

1900): Headquarters: Eisenach, Germany; President:
Pastor Ziemendorf, Emserstrasse 12, Wiesbaden, Germany;
Treasurer: P. Em. Dammann, Eisenach; Field: Egyptian

Sudan; Organ: Der Sudan Pionier.
The Netherlands
ERMELO MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION (Ermelosche
Zendingsgemeente, 1856): Headquarters: Ermelo, Holland;
Secretary: Mr. W. H. Mooij, Ermelo, Holland; Field: Af-
rica ; Organ : Ermelosch Zendingsblad, monthly.
JAVA COMMITTEE (Java Comite, 1855) Headquar-

:
ters: Amsterdam, Holland; Secretary: Rev. L. Kuperus,

Prinzensgracht 303, Amsterdam; Treasurer: J. A. Worm-
ser; Field: Bataks of Sumatra; Madura Id., E. of Java, and
K^ngean Islands; Income, year ending Oct. 31, 1905:
$8,554; Organ: Het Geillustreerd Zendingsblad, Java-Cent.
MENNONITE UNION FOR PROPAGATION OF THE
GOSPEL IN THE EAST INDIAN POSSESSIONS OP
HOLLAND (1848) Headquarters: Amsterdam, Holland;
:
Secretary: Rev. K. I. Leendertz, Keizersgracht 194, Am-

sterdam, Holland; Treasurer: J. B. Bierens de Haan; Field:
Java and Simfiatra; Income, vear ending Dec. 31, 1905:
$18,941 (fl. 47,117).
NETHERLANDS MISSIONARY SOCIETY (1797):
(Nederlandsch Zendeling-genootschap) ; Headquarters:
Rechter Rottekade 59, Rotterdam, Holland; Secretary: Rev,
J. W. Gunning, Jr.; Field: Dutch Easit Indies; Income,
year ending Dec. 31,1905: $21,979; Expenditure: $25,309;
Organ: Maandberichten, Mededeelingen.
UNION FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOS-
PEL IN EGYPT (Vereeniging tot Uitbreiding van het
Evangelic in Egypt, 1886) Headquarters: Amsterdam;
:
Secretary: Rev. J. J. Van Noort, Nassaukade 82, Amster-

dam, Holland; Field: Calioub, Egypt.
MISSION OF THE REFORMED CHURCHES IN
THE NETHERLANDS (Zending van de Gerefermeerde
Kerken in Nederland) Headquarters: Smilde, Holland;
:
President: Dr. H. Dykstra; Secretary: Dr. J. Hania, Steeu-

;;
wijk; Field: Java and Sumba; General Notes: The So-

ciety hasa fine hospital in Java and 10 stations in Java and
Sumba together.
NETHERLANDS MISSIONARY UNION (Nederland-
sche Zendingsvereeniging, 1858); Headquarters: Rotterdam,
Holland; Secretary: Rev. F. A. van der Heijden, Avenue
Concordia, 97 ; Treasurer : H. A. Van Baak, Mathenesseriaan
233 ; Field : West Java Income, year ending Dec.
; 31, 1905
$28,086.06 (fl. Expenditure: $26,901.40 (fl.
70,215.17);
67,253.51); Organ: Orgaan der Nederlendsche Zendings-
vereeniging, monthly.
UTRECHT MISSIONARY UNION (Utrechtsche Zend-
ingsvereeniging, 1859) Headquarters: Utrecht, Holland;
:
Director-Secretary : Rev. J. W. Gunning, Jansveld, Utrecht;

Treasurer: G. L. Baron von Boetzelaer; Field: New Guinea,
Halmaheira, and Burn, Dutch East Indies; Income, year
ending Dec. 31, 1905: $32,383.11 (fl. 80,555) ; Expenditure:
$28,678.27 (fl. 71,339).
Norway
NORWEGIAN CHURCH MISSION OF SCHREU-
DER (1377) Headquarters Christiania, Norway; Secre-
: :
tary: Rev. Paul Vilhelm Skaar, Helgesensgo 44, Christia-

nia, Norway; Field: South Africa; Organ: Zuluvennea
Missionblad.
NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN CHINA MISSION ASSO-
CIATION (Det Norske lutherske Kina missions forbund,
1891): Headqtiarters : Bergen, Norway; Secretary: Mr.
Johannes Brandtzaeg, Framnes, Norheimsund, Norway;
Treasurer: A. Erlandson, Magnus Barfods Gade 11, Ber-
gen, Norway; Field: Hupeh and part of Honan, China;
Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $37,720 (Kr. 138,437)
Expenditure: $35,360 (Kr. 129,768); Organ: Kineseren,
monthly; General Notes: The number of stations is 11, and
of baptized Christians 204,
NORWEGIAN MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Norske Mis-
sionsselskab, 1842): Headquarters: Stavanger, Norway;
The Blue Book op Missions for 1907 ~
159
Secretary: Rev. L. Dahle, Stavanger, Norway; Treasurer:

H. A. Olsen; Field: Natal and Zulnland, Madagascar; In-
come, year ending Dec. 31, 1903: $160,751; Organ: Norsk
Missions tidende.
Sweden-
Sweden EVANGELICAL NATIONAL SOCIETY
:
IN (Evangeliska Fosterlands-Stiftelsens, 1856) ; Headquar-

ters: Stockholm, Sweden; Secretary: Rev. J. Montelius,
Stockholm; Inspector: Prof. Ad. Kobnodin, Upsala,
Sweden; Field: India, Eritrea, East Africa (for Abyssin-
ians); Income: $149,625; Organ: Missionstidning; General
Notes: The Society has seamen's missions in many foreign
Seaports.
Female Mission Workers: See Woman's Work Section.
HOLINESS UNION (Hegelsetorbundet, 1890): Sec-
retary: Rev. A. Kihlstedt, Kulma, Sweden; Field: Auxil-
iary to the CIM in China.
SWEDISH CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY
(Svenska Kyrkans Missionsstyrelse, 1874) :Headquarters:
Upsala, Sweden; Secretary: Rev. A. Ihrmark; Treasurer:
h. Fr. Zakrisson; Fields: India, South Africa; Income,
year ending Dec. 31, 1905; $65,971; Organ: Missionstid-
ning; General Notes: The Society also maintains missions to
seamen in German, British, French and Italian ports, be-
sides special pastorates for Swedes found in various Eu-
ropean cities and in South Africa. It has a woman's auxil-
iary called the Woman's Missionary Society of the Swedish
Church, and unmarried women are sent out by it.
SWEDISH MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Svenska Mis-
sionsforbundet, 1878) Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden;
:
Director of Missions: Dr. P. P. Waldenstrom; Secretary:

Rev. W. Sjoholm; Field: Congo Ind. State, Algeria, Rus-
sia, Caucasia, Persia, China, Chinese Turkestan, Lapland;
Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $73,593.85; Expendi-
ture : $76,940 General Notes : The Society also has work for
;
seamen, for Sunday-school extension in Sweden, main-

taining 2,446 Sunday schools with 115,519 scholars; it has
work also for Jews; it has two stations among Mohamme-

dans in Chinese Turkestan.
SWEDISH MISSIONS IN CHINA (Svenska Missionen
i Kina, 1887) Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden; Secre-
:
tary: Rev. Josef Holmgren, Lastmakaregatan 30, Stock-

Holm, Sweden; Field: China.
Switzerland
BASEL EVANGELICAL ISIISSIONARY SOCIETY

(Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Basel, 1815) : Head-
quarters: Basel, Switzerland; President: Pfarrer Ernest
Miescher; Inspector and Chief Secretary; Dr. Th. Oehler;
Secretaries : Rev. Fr. Wiirz, Rev. Hans Anstein, Rev. L. L
Frohnmeyer: Treasurer: Paul Ensinger; Fields: India,
China, Gold Coast (W. Africa), Kamerun (W. Africa) j
Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905: $360,080.40 (fcs. 1,835,-
402.08); Expenditure: $385,115.11 (fcs. 1,925,579.08); Or-
gan: Dei* Evangelische Heidenbote, monthly; Evangelische
Missions Magazin, monthly; Der Heidenfreund, children's
monthly; General Notes: The Society's largest mission in
point of nimiber of converts is in the Gold Coast Colony,
West Africa. In per cent, of increase the Mission in Kam-
erun exceeds all the others, the number of converts having
increased 23 per cent, in 1905. The Society reports alto-
gether 375 missionaries; 51,107 professing Christians, of
whom 2,273 were added in 1905 ; and 654 schools with 28,793
scholars. Nearly one-third of the schools are in Kamerun,
but one-half of the scholars are in India. The greatest
progress in the Society's Indian Missions took place (dur-
ing 1905) in Malabar. The Society encounters in India
an eager alertness on the part of heathen and Mohamme-
dans lo turn against Christianity the assertions of a certain
class of modern theologians. The national movements in
China have led to the opening of "Western" schools. The
mission lield in Kamerun has been extended to the healthier
plateau in the interior.
Basel Women's Mission: See Woman's Work Section.
SWISS ROMANDE MISSIONARY SOCIETY (Mis-

sion Romande, oeuvre d'evangelisation chez les paiens, diri-
g-ee par les Eglises Libres de Vaud, Neuchatel et Geneve,
1875): Headquarters: Lausanne, Switzerland; Secretary:
Rev. A. Grandjean, Chemin des Cedres, Lausanne, Switzer-
land; Fields: Transvaal Colony, Portuguese East Africa;
Income, year ending Dee. 31, 1905: $46,337.94 (fcs. 240,-
093); Expenditure: $47,228.62; (fes. 244,708); Organ:
Bulletin de la Mission Romande; General Notes: The So-
iciety has a fine medical mission at Elim, and a Normal
Training Institution at Lemana, Transvaal.
WOMAN'S WORK FOR WOMAN

Note: For the sake of unity of view the details of the
Women's Missionary Societies are all given in this section.
America
ADVENT
ADVENT CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S HOME AND FOR-
EIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY: Headquarters: Rock-
land, Me.; Secretary and Treasurer: Miss Lena N. Brad-
ford, Rockland, Me.; Field: India. In the home field the
Society works through local Conferences, mission Societies,
etc. Its foreign work is entirely under its own jurisdiction
and management. Income, 1905: $13,836.08; Organ: All
Nations Mondily; General Notes: In its foreign work the
Society reports 6 missionaries and 30 native workers, with
1,000 scholars in 20 schools.
HELPERS UNION, and Central Mission Branch of the
Advent Christian Denomination: Secretary: Eva Stevens,
Box 280, Geneva, III; Treasurer: Ella Pullen, Box 1157,
Benton Harbor, Mich.; Superintendent of Foreign Work:
Mary L. Spencer, 150 Green Ave., Benton Harbor, Mich.;
Field: The Middle Western States of America, Auxiliary
to the Am. Adv. Mission Society; Organ: Our Hope; Pro-
phetic Mission Record.
;
BAPTIST
WOMAN'S AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION
SOCIETY (1877): Headquarters: 510 Tremont Temple,
Boston, Mass. ; Cor. Secretary : Mrs. M. C. Reynolds ; Treas-
urer: Miss G. L. Davis; Fields: Alaska; Colored people in
the South; Indians in Indian Territory, Oklahoma, Mon-
tana and New Mexico; Chinese in California and Montana
Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico; immigrants in New Eng-
land; If} come, year ending March 31, 1906: $40,174.75
Expenditure: $40,174.75; Organ: Home Mission Echoes
monthly General Notes : The work of the Society is largely
;
educational. It has about 67 teachers and missionaries. The

Society is auxiliary to the American Baptist Home Mission
Society.
WOMAN'S BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SO-
CIETY (1874): Headquarters: Ford Building, Boston,
Mass.; Foreign Secretary: Mrs. H. G. Safford;
Acting Sec. of Publications : Miss J. H. Wright; Treasurer:
Miss A. E. Stedman Fields : The fields of the A. B. M. U.
;
Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $131,559.97; Expen-

diture: $121,878.30; Organ: The Helping Hand, Around
the World; General Notes: The work of the Society is be-
ing done by women who pray, and therefore a policy of
quiet courage in extension prevails. The Society has 81
missionaries, and its tremendous influence on the young is
seen in the 22,058 scholars in its 616 schools.
CIETY OF THE WEST: Headquarters: 1318 Masonic
Temple, Chicago, 111. ; Foreign Cor. Secretary : Miss Blanche
G. Loveridge, Waukegan, 111.; Home Cor. Secretary: Miss
C. E. Perrine; Treasurer: Mrs. M. E. Kline; Fields: The
fields of the A. B. M. U. ; Income, year ending March 31,
1906: $58,210.74; Expenditure: $60,492.16; Organ: The
Helping Hand, Around the World; General Notes: The So-
ciety has 46 missionaries, with 234 schools, and 7,891 pupils.
WOMEN'S BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY:
Headquarters: 2411 Indiana avenue, Chicago, 111.; Secre-
^
tary: Miss M. G. Burdette; Treasurer: Mrs. A. H. Bar-

ber; Fields: The fields of the American Baptist Home Mis-
sion Society, with which this Society practically co-oper-
ates, more especially among Negroes, Indians, Chinese,
Japanese and European immigrant populations, together
with Spanish-speaking peoples of Mexico, Cuba and Porto
Rico Income, year ending March 31, 1906 $93,229.95 Ex-
; : ;
penditure: $93,187.48; Organ: Tidings, monthly; Gen-

eral Notes: The Society has 180 missionaries and carries
on the Baptist Missionary Training School in Chicago.
CONGREGATIONAL
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS, BOSTON:
Headquarters : 14 Beacon Boston, Mass.; Denomina-
street,
tion: Congregational; Secretaries: Miss E. Harriet Stan-
wood, Miss Kate G. Lamson, Miss Alice M. Kyle, Miss
Helen B. Calder; Treasurer: Miss S. Louise Day; Field:
Co-operates with the ABCFM
in its field; Income, year end-
ing Oct. 18, 1905: $157,297.36; Organ: Life and Light for
Women, Mission Dayspring (the latter in co-operation with
the ABCFM), both monthly..
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE INTE-
RIOR: Headquarters: 40 Dearborn street, Chicago, 111.;
Denomination: Congregational; Secretary: Miss M. D.
Wingate; Treasurer: Mrs. S. E. Hurlbut; Field: Co-
operates with the ABCFM, sending women missionaries
into its field; Income, year ending Oct., 1905, $107,597.39;
Organ: Mission Studies, Life and Light, Mission Dayspring
(the last two in co-operation with the Woman's Board of
Boston).
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS FOR THE PA-
CIFIC: Headquarters: Oakland, Cal.; Denomination: Con-
gregational; Secretaries: Mrs. W. J. Wilcox; Mrs. S. F.
Bufford, Mrs. C. B. Bradley, Mrs. C. W. Farnum; Treas-
urer: Miss M. C. McClees, 361 Adams st., Oakland, Cal.;
Field: Co-operates with the ABCFM, supporting 6 women
missionaries and aiding educational work in China, Japan,
164 The BijUe Book of Missions for 1907
India and Turkey; Income, year ending Sept. 15, 1905:

$10,053.32; Organ: Light and Life for Women (in co-op-
eraLion with the Woman's Board of Boston).
WOMAN^S BOAKD OF MISSIONS FOR THE PA-

CIFIC ISLANDS: Headquarters: Honolulu, Hawaiian Is-
lands; Denomination: Congregational; Home Cor. Secre-
tary: Mrs. J. D. Marques; Foreign Mrs. A.
Secretary:
Francis Judd; Treasurer: Mrs. B. F. Dillingham; Income,
year ending May 31, 1906: $2,838.06; Expenditure: $2,-
201.69 ; Field : Hawaiian Islands General Notes : The Board
;
has work among Hawaiians, Chinese, Japanese, and Portu-

guese.
CHRISTIAN
WOMAN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS : Head-

quarters: Dayton, Ohio; Denomination: American ChrLs-
tian Convention; Secretary: Miss Annie Libby, Saco, Me.;
Treasurer: Miss Maiy J. Batchelor, New Bedford, Mass.;
Field: Auxiliary to Mission Board of the Christian Church;
Incom.e, year ending Sept. 30, 1905: $690.93.
WOMAN'S BOARD FOR HOME MISSIONS OF THE
CHRISTIAN CHURCH: Secretary: Miss Orpha Adkin-
Iowa; Treasurer: Mrs. Ada 0. Warbinton,
son, Winterset,
Hagentown, Ind.; Income, year ending Sept. 30, 1904:
$701.49.
DISCIPLES OF CHRIST
CHRISTIAN WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS

(1874) Headquarters : 152 East Market street, Indian-
:
apolis, Indiana; Denomination: Disciples of Christ; Sec-

retary: Mrs. Helen E. Moses; Treasurer: Miss M. J. Jud-
son; Fields: The United States, Jamaica, India, Mexico,
Porto Rico, South America; Income, year ending Sept. 30,
1905: $204,777.33; Expenditure: $196,277.39, ôf which
$77,550.69 was for Foreign Mis?!ions; Organ: Missionai-y
Tidings; General Notes: The Society has 138 pa.^tors,
teachers and evangelists and 30 missionary organizers in
its employ in the United States, with 70 missionaries, with
53 native workers in foreign fields; and there are 2,660

pupils in 27 schools.
CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE CUM-
BERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH: Headquarters:
Evansville, Indiana; Cor. Secretary: Mrs. Dee F. Clarke;
Fields: Japan, China, Mexico, United States; Income, year
ending Dec. 31, 1905 $48,340.05, partly expended through
:
General Mission Board; Organ: Missionary Record.
EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION
WOMAN^S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE EVAN-
GELICAL ASSOCIATION: Headquarters: Cleveland,
Ohio; Secretaries: Miss A. E. Rickert, Miss M. Grimm;
Treasurer: Mrs. H. Mattill; Field: United States, Europe,
Japan, China, Auxiliary to the General Missionary Society
of the EA.
FREE BAPTIST
FREE BAPTIST WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SO-
CIETY: President: Mrs. M. A. Davis, Ocean Park, Me.;
Secretary: Mrs. S. C. G. Avery, Wells, Maine; Treasurer:
Miss L. A. De Meritte, Ocean Park, Me.; Fields: India, in
co-operation with the General Conference of Free Baptists;
the United States; Income, year ending Aug. 31, 1906:
$13,136.21; Expenditure: $12,748.02; Organ: The Mission-
ary Helper, monthly.
FREE METHODIST
WOMAN^S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF
THE FREE METHODIST CHURCH OF NORTH
AMERICA: Headquarters: 14-16 North May street, Chi-
cago, 111.;Secretary: Mrs. E. L. McGeary, 41 Church Run
St., Titusville, Pa.; Treasurer: Mrs. L. C. Jensen, Chicago,
111.; Field: Africa, India, Japan, China, United States, as
an auxiliary to the General Missionary Board in which it

has members; Income, year ending Oct. 1, 1905: $24,598.97;

Expenditure: $24,598.97; Organ: Missionary Tidings.
LUTHERAN
LUTHERAN WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN
MISSION SOCIETY: Headquarters: 1522 Arch street,
Philadelphia; Secretary: Miss Mary Brooke, 3111 Clifford
St., Philadelphia; Cor. Secretary: Miss Mary Fry, 7301
Germantown ave., Philadelphia; Field: India, Porto Rico,
and United States, auxiliary to the Mission Board of Gen.
Council of the Lutheran Church.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF
THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH: Headquar-
ters:150 Fifth avenue. New York; Secretary: Mrs. C. W.
Barnes, Delaware, 0.; Treasurer: Mrs. J. M. Cornell, 560
West 26th St., New York ; Income, year ending Oct. 1, 1905
(included in the report of the General Missionary Society) :
$548,943.55; Expenditure: $539,309.

WOMAN'S HOME MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE U. S.:
Headquarters: Cincinnati, 0.; Corresponding Secretary:
Mrs. Delia L. Williams, Delaware, 0.; Treasurer: Mrs.
Geo. H. Thompson, 2144 Fulton avenue, Walnut Hills, Cin-
cinnati, 0.; Field: The United States, with Alaska, the
Hawaiian Islands, and Porto Rico, and immigrants, Euro-
pean and Asiatic Income, year ending July 31, 1906 $412,-
; :
667.87, of which $744.59 was balance from previous year;

Expenditure: $411,217.28; Organs: Woman's Home Mis-
sions; Children's Home Missions. General Notes: The
special work of the Society is uplift of home life through
the women and children. To this end it sustains Industrial
Homes, schools, hospitals, training schools for workers, and
deaconesses.
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE METH-
ODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH (1878) 3ea4' :
quarters: Nashville, Tenn.; Gen. Secretary: Mrs. S. C.

Trueheart; Associate Secretary: Mrs. J. B. Cobb; Record-
ing Secretary : Mrs. M. Hargrove, Kansas City, Mo. ; Treas-
urer: Mrs. H. M. Tyeire, Nashville, Tenn.; Income, year
ending March 31, 1906: $155,951.10; Fields: China, Korea,
Brazil,Mexico and Cuba; Organs: Woman's Missionary
Advocate; Little Worker (for juveniles); General Notes:
The Society emploj^s 70 unmarried missionary women and
owns over $400,000 worth of property.
WOMAN'S HOME MISSION SOCIETY OF THE
METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH SOUTH: Head-
quarters: Nashville, Tenn.; General Secretary: Mrs. R. W.
McDonell; Treasurer: Mrs. W". D. Kirkland; Income, year
ending March 31, 1906: $79,975.74, besides this amount
funds locally applied amounted to $190,245.72, and funds
for city misions amounted to $21,587.57; Field: The United
States.
METHODIST PROTESTANT
METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH: Woman's
Foreign Missionary Society of the: Headquarters: Pitts-
burg, Pa.; Secretaries : Mrs. D. S. Stephens, Kansas City,
Kansas Mi's. H. Hupfield, Baltimore, Md. Treasurer : Mrs.
; ;
J. W. Zirckel; Fields: Japan and China; Income, year end-

ing April 30, 1906: $10,189.45; Expenditure: $8,320.92;
Organ: Woman's Missionary Record, Greensboro, N. C.
PRESBYTERIAN
WOMEN'S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS OF
THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (NORTH): Head-
quarters: 156 Fifth avenue, New York;
Recording Secre-
tary: Miss M. L. Blakeman;
twenty Corresponding
Secretaries for the different departments of work; Editor
Woman's Work: Miss Ellen C. Parsons; Treasurer: Miss
H. W. Hubbard, 17 W. Fifty-fifth street, New York City;
Field: Auxiliary to General Board of Foreign Missions of
Presbyterian Church (N.) Income, year ending April 25,
;
1906: $76,952; Expenditure: $74,432; Organ: Woman's

Work for Woma.n; Over Sea an^ Jli^nd^ chilto^f
:
WOMAN^S FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY 'OF

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH (NORTH) Headquar- :
ters:Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, Pa.; Secretary:

Miss S. E. Jones and fourteen others; Treasurer: Miss
Sarah W. Cattel; Field: Auxiliary to Presbyterian Board,
North.
WOMAN'S PRESBYTERIAN FOREIGN MISSION-
ARY SOCIETY, NORTHERN NEW YORK: Headquar-
ters: 78 First street, Troy, New York; Secretary: Miss
Alice Templeton; Treasurer: Mrs. B. Arnold; Field: Aux-
to WBM.
iliajry
WOMAN'S PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF MISSIONS

OF THE NORTHWEST: Headquarters: Room 48, 40 E.
Randolph st., Chicago, 111.; Secretary: Miss Caroline B.
Sharp Office and Field Secretary : Mrs. D. B. Wells Treas-
; ;
urer: Mrs. T. E. D. Bradley, 48 Le Moyne Block, Chicago;

Income, year ending April 20, 1 906 $97,180 Expenditure
: ;
$96,181.83; Field: Auxiliary to Presbyterian Boai'd, North;

General Notes: The Society supports 131 missionaries.
AVOMAN'S OCCIDENTAL BOARD OF FOREIGN
MISSIONS: Headquarters: 920 Sacramento street, Sau
Francisco, Cal.; Secretary: Mrs. M. J. Thomas; Treasurer:
Mrs. E. G. Dennison; Field: Auxiliary to Presbyterian
Board, North.
PRESBYTERIAN (NORTH) WOMAN'S PACIFIC

BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS: Headquarters:
Portland, Oregon; Treasurer: Mrs. H. C. Campbell; Field:
Auxiliary to Presbyterian Board, North.
WOMAN'S PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF FOR-
EIGN MISSIONS OF THE SOUTHWEST: Headquar-
ters: Room 21, 1516 Locust Mo.; Cor. Sec-
street, St. Louis,
retaries : Mrs. Meade C. Williams, Mrs. Clarence Beck, Mrs.

E. J. Bayles; Treasurer: Mrs. Wm. Burg; Field: Auxiliary
to Presbyterian Board, North; Organ: Board of the South-
west, quarterly.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH IN THE U. S. A.

(NORTH) WOMAN'S BOARD OF HOME MISSIONS

(1878) Headquarters: 156 Fifth avenue, New York City;
:
President : Mrs. Darwin R. James; Corresponding Secre-

tary: Mrs. Ella Alexander Boole; Treasurer: Miss S. F.
Lincoln; Field: School work among exceptional popula-
tions in the United States and in Cuba and Porto Rico; In-
come, year ending March 31, 1906: $505,830, included in
report of the Board of Home Missions; Organ: Home Mis-
sion Monthly; Over Sea and Land; General Notes: The
Board plans to establish also in each mission field, a school of
higher grade for training teachers and mission workers. In
most of these higher schools prominence is given to indus-
trial training. Chapels, schoolhouses and buildings for
boarding and industrial schools are erected by funds
especially contributed. The Board has 185 stations, 476
missionaries, and 10,872 pupils.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL
WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE DOMESTIC AND
FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE PRO-
TESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH IN THE UNITED
STATES OF AMERICA: Headquarters: 281 Fourth ave-
nue. New York City; Secretary: Miss Julia C. Emery; In-
come, year ending Aug. 31, 1906: $197,638.82, included in
receipts of the General Board of Missions.
reformed
WOMAN'S BOARD OF MISSIONS OF THE RE-
FORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA: Headquarters: 25
East Twenty-second street, New York; Denomination: Re-
formed (Dutch); Secretary: Miss 0. H. Lawrence; Treas-
urer: Mrs. F. S. Douglas; Field: China, India, Japan,
Arabia (auxiliary to RCA) Organ: Mission Gleaner.
;
REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA WOMEN'S

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DO-
MESTIC MISSIONS: Headquarters: 25 East Twenty-
second street. New York City; Income, year ending April
30,1906:$43;692.78.
REFORMED CHURCH IN THE U. S.; Women's Mis-

sionary Society of the General Synod of the: Cor. Secre-
tary: Mrs. B. B. Krammes, 82 Clinton st., Tiffin, 0.; Treas-
urer: Mrs. A. K. Kline, 758 North Avenue, Wilkinsburg,
Pa.
SOUTHERN BAPTIST
SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION WOMEN'S
MISSIONARY UNION: Headquarters: 233 N. Howard
street,Baltimore, Md.; Secretaries: Mrs. A. E. Tucker, Miss
Nellie Martein; Treasurer: Miss E. V. Ricker; Field: Auxil-
iary to the Southern Baptist Convention.
UNITED BRETHREN
UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST Women's : Mission-
ary Association of the Headquarters : Dayton, Ohio ; Secre-
:
taries: Mrs. B. F. Witt, Mrs. L. O. Miller; Treasurer: Mrs.

B. F. Witt; Fields: China, Africa, PhiUppine Islands; In-
come, year ending May 14, 1906: $32,740.72; Organ:
Woman's Evangel ; General Notes : The Association conducts
its work in Africa jointly with the Foreign Missionary So-
ciety of the United Brethren Church.
UNITED EVANGELICAL
UNITED EVANGELICAL CHURCH: Woman's Home
and Foreign Missionary Society of the: Secretary: Mrs.
Ida M. Haefele, Maple Park, 111.; Editor: Miss Estella K.
Steinmetz, Harrisburg, Pa.; Treasurer: Mrs. W. E. Det-
wiler,Lemoyne, Pa.; Field: United States and China, aux-
General Missionary Board of the Church; In-
iliary to the
come, 903-1904: $13,148.74; Expenditure: $12,130.74;
]
Organ: Missionary Tidings, Missionary Gem, both monthly.

UNITED PRESBYTERIAN
WOMEN'S GENERAL MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF
THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH: Head-
quarters: Pittsburg, Pa.; Recording Sec: Mrs. S. Yourd,
625 Highland ave., Carnegie, Pa.; Cor. Secretary of For-
eign Missions: Mrs. E. M. Hill, 5502 Margaretta st., Pitts-
bui|:; Cor, Secretary of Home Missions; Mrs, J3, C,
Campbell, 831 N. St. Clair street, Pittsburg; Treasurer:

Mrs. J. B. Hill, 5630 Bartlett st., Pittsburg, Pa; Field:
India, Egypt and Sudan; Income, year ending April 30,
1906: $119,678.61 for both Home and Foreign work, of
which $61,596.28 is for the Foreign work; General Notes:
The Society is composed of the women of the U. P. Church,
and its agent is a Board of Directors of 15 women, with
two meetings each month. There is one general treasurer
and a corresponding secretary for each department of
—
work Home, Foreign, Freedmen, Parsonage, Literature,
Ministerial Relief, Junior.
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
AMERICAN RAMABAI ASSOCIATION (1898):
Headquarters: Cleveland, Ohio; Denomination: Interde-
nominational; Secretary: Mrs. George H. McCrew, 715
Case avenue, Cleveland, Ohio; Treasurer: Mr. Curtis Chip-
man, 222 Boylston street, Boston, Mass.; Field: India;
Income, year ending February 29, 1904: $6,762.27, besides
balance on hand from 1903, ($2,509.08); Expenditure:
$7,709.01.
WOMAN'S UNION MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF
AMERICA FOR HEATHEN LANDS (1860) Headquar- ;
ters: 67 Bible House, New York; Denomination: Unde-

nominational; Secretary: Miss S. D. Doremus; Assistant
Treasurers: Miss M. S. Stone, Miss E. B. Stone; Fields:
India, China, Japan; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905:
$46,107.50; Expenditure: $43,262.35; Organ: Missionary
Link, monthly.
Great Britain
BAPTIST ZENANA MISSION (1867) In connection :
with BMS; Headquarters: 19 Fumival street, Holborn,

London, E. C, England; President: Mrs. Edward Robinson,
Bristol Secretaries : Miss A. G. Angus, Miss E. A. AngiLS,
;
Mrs. George Kerry; Treasurer: Mrs. A. Pearce Gould, 10

Queen Anne street. Cavendish Square, London, W.; Fields:
Ju<|ia and China; Income, êar ending March 31^ 1906;
$65,955.66 (£13,533); Expenditure: $67,420.53 (£13,854);

Organ: Baptist Zenana Mission Magazine, monthly.
BRITISH SYRIAN MISSION SCHOOLS AND BIBLE
WORK (1860): Headquarters: 29a High street, Wimble-
don, London, S. W., England; Denomination: Interdenomi-
national; Secretary: Miss Wilmot; Field; Syria,
CHURCH OF ENGLAND ZENANA MISSIONARY

SOCIETY: Headquarters: Lonsdale Chambers, 27 Chan-
cery Lane, London, W. C, Eng. Secretaries: Clerical, Rev.
;
G. Tonge; Cent. Association, Miss Mulvany; Lay: H. L.

Hebbert, Esq.; Treasurer: Col. Robert Williams; Fields:
India, Ceylon, Malaysia, China; Income^ year ending March
:"
31, 1906$268,168.48 (£55,825); Expenditure: $292,418.25
(£60,088); Organ: India's Women and China's Daughters.
METHODI'^.T NEW CONNEXION MISSIONARY
SOCIETY: Woman's Auxiliary for China; Secretary: Miss
Stacey, Ranmoor, Sheffield,England.
MILDMAY ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN WORKERS
(1862) Headquarters : Mildmay Deaconess' House, Lon-
:
don, N., England; Hon. Secretary: Miss Dreaper; Assist-

ant Hon. Secretaries: Miss Elout, Miss E. Mayfield; Gen-
eral Note: The Association is intended to link in fellowship
women engaged in Christian work in many lands; in 1906
having about 1,200 members.
PALESTINE AND LEBANON NURSES' MISSION
(1865): Denomination: Church of England; Hon. Secre-
tary: Miss Lloyd, 22 Albert Square, Clapham Road, Lon-
don, S. W., England; Treasurer: J. W. Peake, Esq.; Field:
Palestine: Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1902: $2,769 (£569
15s.); Expenditure: $2,706.37 (£566 17s.); Organ: Open
Doors.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF ENGLAND,
WOMAN'S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION OF THE:
Auxiliary to the Foreign Missionary Committee: Headquar-
ters: 7 East India avenue, London, S. E., England; De-
nomination: Presbyterian; Secretaries: Mrs. Matthews, 25
Christ Church Avenue, Brandesbury, London, N. W., Eng-

land; Mrs. Voelcher, 20 Upper Philmore Gardens, Kensing-
ton, London, England; Organ: Our Sistei^ in Other Lands.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND: Women's Association for
Foreign Missions (1837) (Previous to 1883 the Society was
called Scottish Ladies' Association for the Advancement of
Female Education in India)
Headquarters : 22
; Queen
street, Edinburgh, Scotland; Secretary: Miss Rutherfurd;
Field: Auxiliary to Foreign Missions Committee of the
Church of Scotland in India, China and British Central
Africa; Income: $73,779 (£15,181), included in Church of
Scotland Report.
CHURCH OF SCOTLAND WOMEN'S ASSOCIA-
TION FOR THE CHRISTIAN EDUCATION OF JEW-
ESSES (1846) President: Mrs. Duncan; Secretary: Miss
:
Kidley, 22 Queen street, Edinburgh; Income 1905: $5,362.88

(£1102).
WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSIONS OF THE UNITED
FREE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND (1900) Headquarters: :
35 North Bank street, Edinburgh, Scotland; Secretary:

Rev. William Stevenson, M. A.; Treasurer: A. E. Ellison
Ross, Esq.; Field: Auxiliary to Foreign Missions Com-
mittee of the United Free Church of Scotland; Income:
$111,309.32 (included in income of Foreign Missions Com-
mittee).
SOCIETY FOR THE PROPAGATION OF THE GOS-
PEL IN FOREIGN PARTS: Woman's Association of
the : Now the Committee of Women's Work : See S. P. G.
in British General lisit.
TABEETHA MISSION, JAFFA (1863); Benomina-

tion: Undenominational; Secretary: Miss E. Walker- Ar-
nott, 24 St. Bernard's Crescent, Edinburgh, Scotland; Field:
Jaffa, Syria; General Notes: Maintains a Home in Jaffa
with a Girls' Boarding School and two Day Schools. There
are (1906) about 70 pupils.
WESLEYAN METHODIST MISSIONARY SOCIETY,
WOMEN'S AUXILIARY: Headquarters: Wesleyan Cen-
:
tenary Hall, 17 Bishopsgate street Within, London, E. C;

Hon. Foreign Secretary: Mrs. Wiseman j Cash Secretary:
Miss H. L. Pope; Fields: India, Ceylon, China, South Af-
rica, Italy, and Spain; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905:
$92,122.84 (£18,930); Expenditure: $93,991.57 (£19,314);
General Notes: The Society has 78 missionaries (women)
in the field.
ZENANA BIBLE AND MEDICAL MISSION (1852)
Headquarters: 2 Adelphi Terrace, Strand, London, W. C,
England; Denomination: Undenominational; Secretaries:
The Hon. Gertrude Kinnaird, Rev. A. R. Cavalier, Mrs.
Firth; Hon. Finance Secretary: A. H. Habershaw, Esq.;
Field: India; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1903: $107,090
(£22,035 17s.); Expenditure: $100,402 (£20,658 12s.).
British Colonies
australia.
PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF AUSTRALIA WOM-

EN^S MISSIONARY ASSOCIATION: Headquarters:
Sydney; Organizing Secretary: Miss Forbes; Field: In-
dia; Organ: Ministering Women.
CANADA
UNITED BAPTIST WOMEN'S MISSIONARY
UNION OF THE MARITIME PROVINCES Headquar- :
ters: St. John, N. B.; Secretary: Miss Emma Hume, Dart-

mouth, Halifax Co., Nova Scotia; Treasurer: Mrs. Mary
Smith, Amherst, N. S. Field: India, as auxiliary to
; BMP;
Organ: Tidings.
CIETY OF EASTERN ONTARIO AND QUEBEC:
Headquarters: Montreal; Secretary: Mrs. H. H. Ayer, 264
Wood ave., Westmount, Montreal; Treasurer: Mrs. M.
C. Riekert, 60 Bruce ave., Westmount, Que.; Field: India,
as auxiliary to the BOQ; Income, year ending Sept. 30,
1905: $3,533.74; Expenditure: $3,357.48; Organ: Canadiaa
Missionary Link.
WOMAN'-S MISSIONARY SOCIETY OF THE

METHODIST CHURCH: Headquarters: 50 Markland st.,
Hamilton, Ontario; Fields: Auxiliaiy to Missionary Society

of the Methodist Church in Canada.
PRESBYTERIAN WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION-
ARY SOCIETY (Western Division): Headquarters: To-
ronto, Ontario; Secretary: Mrs. Donald, 31 Wilcox street,
Toronto, Ontario; Field: Auxiliary to Presbyterian Church
in Canada Foreign Missions. The Western Division paid
to the General Society, year ending March 1, 1906 $56,127,
:
and from the Woman's Society of Montreal, $2,122. Total,

$58,249.
Eastern Division: Headquarters: Halifax, N. S.; Secre-
tary: Miss B. McGregor; Field: Auxiliary to Presbyterian
Church in Canada Foreign Missions. The Eastern Di\ision
paid to the General Society (which included the amount in
its income) during the year ending March 1, 1906, $16,750.
India

CHRISTIAN WOMEN (1894): Headquarters: Ludhiana,
Punjab, India; Princijml: Miss A. L. Church, M. D.; SupH
Memorial Hospital: Miss E. M. Brown, M.D.; Hon. Secre-
tary of General Committee in India: Miss Aitkin, Kasur,
India; General Notes: The number of students (July, 1906),
is 35. The Memorial Hospital connected with the School
has about 70 beds and is being enlarged to increase the
number to 100. A grant from the Government of about
$9,000 is used for this. During 1905 the patients received
in the hospital numbered 780, and 9,676 patients were
treated outside of the hospital. For the London Committee
see Great Britain section. For the American Committee
see U. S. section..
European Continent
BERLIN WOMEN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY FOR
CHINA (Berliner Frauen Missionsverein f iir China, 1850) :
;
Headquarters: Berlin, Germany; President: Fraiilein Julie

von Buddenbrock; Inspector: Pastor Sauberzweig-Schmidt,
Georgenkirchstrasse 70; Treasurer: Julius Schlunk; Field:
Hongkong, China, auxiliary of Berlin Missionary Society;
Organ: Mitteilungen des Berliner Frauenvereins fiir China,
quarterly.
BLIND FEMALES IN CHINA, GERMAN MISSION

TO (Deutsche Blindenmission unter dem weiblichen Ge-
schlecht in China, 1S90) Headquarters : Hildesheim, Ger-
:
many; Lady President and Acting Treasurer: Fraulein

Luise Cooper, Sedanstrasse 33, Hildesheim; Field: Hong-
kong, China; Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1902: $8,268;
Organ: Tsaukwong, quarterly; has an edition in raised let-
ters for the blind.
DEACONESS INSTITUTE AT KAISERWERTH ON

THE RHINE (1863): Headquarters: Kaiserwerth, near
Dusseldorf, Rhenish Westphalia, Germany; Directors: Pas-
tor G. Fliedner and Pastor W. Zoellner; Treasurer: Peter
Bredt, Barmen, Germany; Field: Europe, North America,
and the Levant Income, year ending March 1, 1902 $171,-
; :
447 (mks. 720,368) Expenditure: $169,762 (mks. 713,290)

;
Organ: Dank- und Denk-Blatter (occasionally).

The Kaiserwerth "Motherhouse" has 266 affiliated insti-
tutions —
schools, hospitals and refuges —in various parts of
Europe and the Levant, under charge of 926 deaconesses.
From the Kaisei-werth institution have sprung (1901) 75
"Motherhouses" in Germany, Holland, Denmark, Sweden,
France, Russia and America. These "Motherhouses" now
direct the efforts of 14,501 deaconesses or probationers in
5,211 district fields of work. The receipts of the "Mother-
houses" reported in 1901 were, in aggregate, $3,202,326
(mks. 13,456,153). The Motherhouses have organized as
a Union which holds a triennial conference and has an
Organ, published quarterly, called "Der Armen- und Kran-
ken-Freund."
WOMEN'S SOCIETY FOR EDUCATION OF
WOMEN IN THE EAST (Frauen-Verein fiir Christliehe
:
The Blue Book of Missions foe 1907 177
Bildimg des Weiblichen Geschlechts im Morgenlande,

1842)
Headquarters: Berlin, Germany; President: Fraulein
Julie
von Buddenbrock; Secretary: Fraulein Marie von Wedel,
Matthaikirchstr. 13, Berlin; Treasurer: Herr Geh. Rech-
nungsrat W.
Beneke, N. Artilleriestr, 16, Berlin; Field:
India; Income, year ending Dec. 15, 1902: $4,989; Expen-
diture: «4,797; Organ: Missionsblatt des Frauenvereins.
WOMAN'S AUXILIARY OF THE LEIPZIG MIS-
SIONARY SOCIETY Frauen-Hilfs-Vereine der Evange-
(
lisch-Lutherischen Mission zu Leipzig, 1895) Headquar- :
ters: Leipzig, Carolinnen Strasse 19; Director: Dr. von

Schwartz; Expenditure, year ending Dec. 31, 1903: $7,-
575.50 (mks. 31,829.85).
SWEDISH FEMALE MISSION WORKERS (Kvin-
nliga Missions-Arbetare, 1894)Headquarters : Stockholm,
:
Sweden; Secretary: Miss Ellen Palmstiema, Birga, Jarls-

gatan 14, Sweden.
SWEDISH CHURCH WOMAN'S MISSIONARY SO-
CIETY: See Swedish Church Missionary Society in gen-
eral list.
SWITZERLAND: BASEL WOMEN'S MISSION

(Basler Frauenmission,
1899): Headquarters: Basel;
President of the Committee: Professor Paul Christ; Secre-
tary: Rev. Fr. Wiirz; Field: The fields of the Basel Mis-
sionary Society to which it is auxiliary.
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE
'
There is only one Book for the Universal Church. Through all revolu-
tions of thought and transformations of Society that Book still proclaims
the everlasting Gospel of redemption and resurrection. And when at the
end of another century our successors gather together amid changes of which
we have not yet begun to dream, we may be confident that whatever else on
earth has decayed and waxed old and vanished away, the Bible will still b«
reigning and conquering by its revelation of the life of God." —BFBS Report,
1904.
BIBLE SOCIETIES
AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY (1816): Headquarters:
Bible House, New
York; Denomination: Interdenomina-
tional; Secretaries: Rev. John Fox, Rev. W. I. Haven;
Treasurer: William Foulke; Field: The United States,
:
Cuba, Porto Rico, Mexico, Central America, South America,

European continent, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, the Sudan,
Arabia, Persia, India, China, Siam, Korea, Japan, Philip-
pine Islands, Hawaii, Micronesia and South Africa Income,;
year ending March 31, 1906: $438,677.02; Organ: Bible

Society Record, monthly; The Bible in Every Land, quar-
terlj^; General Notes: Falling off of ordinary receipts from
contributions threatened for a time disastrous curtailment
of work. A special appeal, however, brought such responses
as relieved the situation before the celebration of the
ninetieth anniversary in May, 1905. The issues of 1905
—
amount to 2,236,755 volumes Bibles, New Testaments and
—
Portions and of these 1,296,388 were issued abroad. The
total issues in 90 years amount to 78,509,529 copies. The
Society has a special Agency for the colored people of the
South, 541 Auxiliary Societies in different parts of the
United States, and 11 Agencies in foreign lands (including
in this category Porto Rico and the Philippines). It has
employed 470 persons in distributing the Scriptures in the
fields of these Foreign Agencies.
BRITISH AND FOREIGN BIBLE SOCIETY (1804)

Headquarters: 146 Queen Victoria street, London, E. C,
England; Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretaries:
Rev. Arthur Taylor, Rev. J. H. Ritson; Superintendent
Translating and Editorial Department: Rev, John Sharp;
Superintendent Literary Department : Rev. T. H. Darlow;
Home Superintendent: Rev. H. A. Raynes; Treasurer:
Robert Barclay, Esq.: Field: The World; Income, year
ending March 31, 1906: $1,128,853 (£231,964); Ex-
penditure: $1,162,373.25 (£238,632); Organ: Bible in the
World, monthly; Bible Society Gleaning"s, monthly; Gen-
eral Notes: The issues of the Society in 1905 were 968,683
Bibles, 1,326,475 Testaments, and 3,682,295 Portions,
making a total of 5,977,453 copies. The total issues since
1804 have amounted to 198,515,199 copies.
Eleven languages appear on the Society ^s list this year
for thefirst time two in India, one in Tibet, one in Cochin
:
The Blue Book of Missions fob 1907 179
China, three in Africa, one in Central America, and three

in Polynesia.
The BFBS has 25 Foreign Agents, and during 1905 it
has maintained 930 colporteurs in many lands, besides 680
native Christian Bible women in connection with 40 mis-
sionary organizations in "those Eastern lands, where only
women can carry the Gospel to their secluded sisters."
Outside of the British islands the Society has nearly 2,000
auxiliaries and branches, mainly in the British Colonies.
The result achieved in 1905 is the more remarkable in
view of hindrances in many parts of the world. Despite
the disturbed state of Russia, its circulation has only once
before been larger in the Czar's dominions. Both in Japan
and Korea the sales were double those in 1904. In China
amid the birth-throes of great reforms the Society's cir-
culation again considerably exceeded a million copies. At
Winnipeg the Society's depot has supplied Scriptures in
43 languages for the polyglot emigrants who pour through
that gateway to northwestern America. Amid the babel of
Johannesburg in South Africa, 52 different versions have
been sold. In many regions the kindling of religious re-
vival has created a great new demand for the Scriptures,
as, for example, in Madagascar, in Korea, in India and
among the Khasi hills of Assam.
BIBLE TRANSLATION SOCIETY (1840) : Headquar-

ters: 19 Fumival street, Holbom, London, E. C, England;
Denomination: Baptist; Secretary: Rev. P. G. Scorey;
Treasurer: A. H. Baynas, Esq., F.R.A.S.; Fields: Fields of
the BMS in India and in the Congo Ind. State; Income,
vear ending April 18, 1906: $5,611 (£1,153) Expenditure:
;
$5,460.
CANADIAN BIBLE SOCIETY (1905) Headquarters:
:
102 Yonge Toronto, Ont.; Hon. Gen. Treasurer: E.

street,
Rogers, Esq.; Gen. Secretary: Rev. R. E. Welsh, M.A.;
Field: Auxiliary to the BFBS; Organ: The Bible in the
World.
SCOTLAND: NATIONAL BIBLE SOCIETY OF
(1860); Headquarters: 224 West George street, Glasgow,

Scotland; 5 St. Andrew Square, Edinburgh; Denomination:
Interdenominational; Secretaries: Wm. J. Slowan, Esq.,
Glasgow; Rev. R. Falconer, Edinburgh; Treasurer: James
Drunjmond, Esq., 58 Bath street, Gla.sgow; Andrew Scott,
Esq., 2 York Buildings, Edinburgh; Fields: Scotland, Ro-
man Catholic countries in Europe, Germany, Turkey, India,
China, Japan, Korea, Algeria, British Central Africa,
Lower Nigeria, Brazil, Canada, Cape Colony, Australia,
New Zealand Income, year ending Dec. 31, 1905 $131,921
; :

Record; General Notes: The issues of the Society in
1905 amounted to 96,894 Bibles, 169,146 New Testaments,
and 1,324,841 Portions, making the aggregate 1,590,881 is-
sues. The net gain over the issues of 1903 is 394,145
copies. There were remarkable gains during 1905 in the
number of Scriptures circulated in China and Korea. The
Society has added to its list of versions the Tonga (Central
Africa) and Meaun and Sinesip (New Zealand).
NETHERLANDS BIBLE SOCIETY (1814): Head-
quarters: Amsterdam, Holland; Denomination: Interde-
nominaitional ; Secretary: Rev. C. F. Gronemeijer, Vossius-
straat 15, Amsterdam, Holland; Field: Holland and its
colonies; General Notes: The issues of the Society in the
year ending April 30, 1903, amounted to 57,573 copies.
OTAGO BIBLE SOCIETY: Headquarters: Dunedin,
New Zealand; Field: The territorysouth of WaitaM
River, South Island, N. Z. ; General Notes: This Society
carries onan independent work and also contributes to the
funds of the BFBS and of the National Bible Society of
Scotland.
GENERAL LITERATURE
AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY (1825): Headquar-
ters: 150 Nassau street. New York; Denomination: Inter-
denominational ; Secretaries : Rev. G. W. Shearer, Rev. John
H. Kerr, Rev. Wm. W. Rand; Assistant Treasurer: Louis
Tag; Field: United States, France, Switzerland, Italy,
Bohemia, Turkey, Persia, Kameruns, India, China, Korea,

Japan; Income, year ending April 1, 1904: $374,978.69;
Expenditure: $380,889.13; Organ: American Messenger,
Good Cheer (monthly). Apples of Gold (weekly); in Ger-
man, Amerikanischer Botsehafter (monthly), Deutscher
Volksfreund (weekly) in Spanish, Mazanas d'Oro (week-
;
ly); General Notes: The work of the Society at home is

shaped by the growing need of fresh literature of spiritual
stimulus for the people at large, and of attractive forms of
simple Christian teaching for the many-tongued immigrants
who swarm on the docks and the streets of our cities.
Abroad, its work takes form through the discovery by mis-
sionaries that a printed book or leaflet goes farther and
speaks more persistently than a man can do. The devotional
and evangelistic section of the Society's publications is
large. But its works of exposition, of apologetics, of bi-
ography, and of literature for the home circle are also im-
portant and valuable. The total issues of the Society since
its foundation amount to 33,020,625 volumes, 450,451,810
tracts, and 267,309,068 periodicals. A large percentage of

its publications are found in the Spanish language, which
gives them entrance to a great territory, including South

America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, Porto Rico and
the Philippines. The grants of the Society to Foreign Mis-
sions amount to about $4,000 per year.
MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE COLPORTAGE AS-

SOCIATION (1894) Headquarters: 250 La Salle avenue,
:
Chicago, 111. Sup't and Editor: Mr. A. P. Fitt; Treasurer:

;
A. F. Gaylord; Denomination: Interdenominational; Gen-

eral Notes: Founded by Mr. D. L. Moody, the aim of the
Association is to oppose the flood of \'icious literature by
pure and helpful literature at a low price, and to carry
the Gospel where Church privileges are lacking. Over
4,000,000 copies of the Moody Library have been published.
CHRISTIAN KNOWLEDGE, Society for Promoting

(1698): Headquarters: Northimiberland avenue, London,
W. C, England; Denomination: Church of England; Sec-
retaries: Rev. 0. B. Allen, M.A., Rev. Edmund Mc-

W.
Clure; Treasurers:W. H. Clay, Esq., Hon. Alan Gibbs,
D. Howard, Esq., the Bishop of Isling-ton (the Treas-
urers are also the incorporated Trustees); Field: The
United Kingdom, the British Colonies, and Mission Fields
of the Church of England; Income, year ending March 31,
1906: $277,784.94 (£57,903); Expenditure: $226,438.24
(£46,530); General Notes: The foreign mission work of
the Society includes the endowment of bishoprics of which
it has helped upward of 65 at a cost of much more than
$580,000 (£120,000), and aiding the church establishment

in various mission fields, educational enterprises, Medical
Missions, and the publication of books and tracts in more
than a hundred languages and dialects.
RELIGIOUS TRACT SOCIETY (1799) Headquarters: :
65 St. PauFs Churchyard, London, E. C, England; De-

nomination: Interdenominational; Hon. Secretaries: Rev.
Canon Fleming, B.D.; Rev. J. Monro Gibson, D.D. Sec- ;
retaries: Rev. A. R. Buckland, M.A.; James Bowden, Esq.;

Assistant Secretary: Rev. C. H. Irwin, M.A.; Treasurer:
W. F. A. Archibald, Esq.; Field: Great Britain and Ire-
land, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Portugal,
Germany, Holland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Russia,
Greece, Austria-Hungary, Bohemia, Turkey, India, China,
Japan, Philippine Islands, Africa, America, Australasia,
Polynesia; Missionary Income, year ending March 31,
1906: $95,436.86 (£19,574); Expenditure: $97,401.46
(£19,974); General Notes: The Society reports 542 new
publications during the year. Including cards and peri-
odicals, the total publications issued were 26,644,080 (10,-
640,000 were tracts). The Society has its representatives in
the form of money or of material in the Christian work of
all the great mission fields.
CHINA: CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY

FOR, formerly Society for the Diffusion of Christian and
General Knowledge among the Chinese (1887) Headquar- :
ters: Shanghai, China; Denomination: Interdenomina-

tional; Secretary: Rev. Timothy Richard, 44 Boone road,

Shanghai, China; Treasurer: H. W. Brazier, Esq.; Field:
China; Income: About $30,000 (Mex.) ; Expenditure:
$30,000 (Mex.) for publication work, the Missionary edi-
tors being supported by their respective missions; Organ:
Review of the Times; Chinese Weekly; Chinese Christian
Review. London Committee: Headquarters: London; Secre-
tary : Mr. A. Kenmure, Foreign Missions Club, 151 Highbury
New Park, London, N. Treasurer: A. M. Townsend, Esq.,
;
Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank, 31 Lombard street, Lon-

don, E. C; Income, year ending March 31, 1906: $5,995
(£1,199) Organ: China, quarterly.
;
CHRISTIAN LITERATURE SOCIETY FOR INDIA:

Headquarters: 9 Duke street, Adelphi, London, W. C;
Secretary: Rev. George Patterson; General Notes: The
Society is the representative of the Christian Literature So-
ciety in India,which has been long directed by Dr. John
Murdock, and has done much through its various branches
to educate and to provide with healthful, stimulating books
the young people of different parts of India and Ceylon.
VARIOUS SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONS

THE SALVATION ARMY
(1865) International Head-
:
quarters: 101 Queen Victoria street, London, E. C, Eng.;

Denomination: Interdenominational; General: William
Booth; Chief of Staff: William Bramwell Booth; Fields:
Great Britain and Ireland; Denmark, Finland, France,
Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland,
Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Japan, India, Ceylon,
South Africa, Canada, West Indies, United States, Ar-
gentina; General Notes: The number of officers and cadets
is 14,439; local officers, 44,489; Bandsmen, 18,737; Corps
and outposts or Stations, 7,085; Social Institutions, 736;
Schools, 485; Periodicals, 66. This body is men
a force of
and women brought together by love to God and man for
publishing His salvation to the whole world, and for ame-
liorating the condition of the outcast and the fallen. Its
:
underlying principles are help for the worst, work for the
willing, a chance for all with change of circiunstances and
ultimate physical, social and moral regeneration.
The headquarters for the United States are at 120-124
West Fourteenth street. New York; and the territorial com-
mander is Evangeline Booth.
STUDENT VOLUNTEER MOVEMENT (1888) : Head-
quarters: 3 West Twenty-ninth street. New York; Denomi-
nation: Undenominational; Secretary: F. P. Turner; Field:
The colleges and universities of the United States; General
Notes: The work of this organization among the colleges
and universities results not merely in increasing intelligent
sympathy with missions, but also in a permanent deepening
of spiritual life. It has been (Dec. 31, 1904) the instru-
ment of directing to the foreign missionai-y field 2,500
young people under different societies.
UNITED SOCIETY FOR CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR
(1885); Headquarters: Tremont Temple, Boston, Mass.;
Denomination : Interdenominational ; General Secretary
Von Ogden Vogt; Treasurer: William Shaw; Field: United
States, Europe and all Missionary lands; General Notes:
The CE has about 05,000 Societies connected with it in all
parts of the world, and a membership of about 3,900,000;
Organ: Christian Endeavor World.
YOUNG PEOPLE'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT:
Headquarters: 156 Fifth avenue. New York; Denomina-
tion: Interdenominational; Secretary: Mr. Charles V.
Vickrey; Field: The United States; General Notes: This
organization, composed of representatives of 15 or more
missionary societies, has attained remarkable success in
fostering an intelligent study of missions, home and foreign,
among the young people. It works by means of literature
carefully prepared and selected, and issued through the
denominational publishing agencies; by public meetings,
and especially by conventions of the leaders of Young
People^s Societies held in different parts of the country.
YOUNG MEN^S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION; Inter-
national Committee of the (1889) Headquarters : 3 West

:
Twenty-ninth street, New

York; Denomination: Undenomi-
national; Secretaries: John R. Mott, H. P. Andersen;
Treasurer: Frederick B. Sehenck; Field: The Committee
is the executive of the Associations of North America; Or-
gan: Foreign Mail; General Notes: The aim of the For-

eign Department is to transplant the principles of the As-
sociation to non-Christian countries. AssociatioiLs are or-
ganized among students, among railway men, among
soldiers and other classes. A secretary is sent to the field
only at the call of the representatives of missionary so-
At the present time there are about
cieties in that field.
300 Associations in non-Christian countries. At the be-
ginning of 1906 there were 50 Association secretaries
located in 11 different countries. Among the most im-
portant events of recent montlis are the continuation of the
work of the Japanese Associations among the soldiers in
Manchuria; the advance in Bible study; the inauguration
of work among railway employees in India and the sub- ;
scribing of $200,000 for the erection of buildings in various

lands; and the inauguration of a forward movement in
South America.
YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION:

World's Headquarters: 25 and 26 George street, Hanover
Square, London, W., England; Denomination: Interdenomi-
national; General Secretary: Miss Clarissa Spencer; Cor-
responding Secretary: Miss Ethel Stevenson; Treasurer:
Miss Morley; National Headquarters: Canada, 23 St.
George's street, Toronto, Ontario; Secretary: Miss L. Bur-
gess; France, Privas Ardeche; Secretary: Mile. Rourin;
Germany, Berlin, N. 4, Tieckstrasse 17; Secretary: Friiulein
Gertrud Muller; Italy, Turin; Secretary: Miss E. Meynier;
India, Bombay, Y. W. C. A. Building; Secretary:
Miss A.
Hill; Norway, 6 St. Olafsgade, Christiania;
Sweden,
G.
46 Malmkilnadsgatan, Stockholm.
YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION,

American Department (1894): Headquarters: 289 Fourth
avenue, New York; and Hartford Building, Chicago, 111.;

Denomination: Interdenominational; Secretary: Chicago,
Miss Mabel Cratty; New York, vacant; Treasurer (Act-
ing) :Miss Maude Daeniker, New York City; Field: The
World's Y. W. C. A. Association includes this as one of
its departments; Organ: The Evangel.
CONFERENCES OF THE FOREIGN MISSIONARY

SOCIETIES
BRITISH MISSIONARY SOCIETIES: Secretaries
Association of the This Association is composed of official
:
delegates from a number of missionary societies in Great

Britain and Ireland, and affords a valuable means of con-
sultation upon questions of general missionary policy and
special interests affecting the societies.
The Secretary of the Association is the Rev. John H.
Ritson, 146 Queen Victoria street, London, E. C.
GERMAN EVANGELICAL MISSIONARY SO-
CIETIES: Committee of the (Ausschuss der Deutschen
Evangelischen Missionsgesellschaften) ; The German mis-
sionary societies (the Basel Society included) elect each
year a committee of five members, which meets whenever
necessary at the call of the secretary. The Conmaittee has
advisory functions when requested by any society to discuss
questions that affect the interests of all the missionary so-
cieties. It also represents the whole group of societies,
when necessary, in their relations with the Government,
thus avoiding any annoyances that might arise were each
one of the Societies to approach the Government separately
upon every question of general importance. The Com-
mittee has rendered the Societies valuable service. The
members of the Committee for 1905 were: Bishop Dr.
Buchner of the Moravian Missions, Dr. Oehler of the Basel
Missionary Society, Rev. Hausleiter of the Rhenish Mis-
sionary Society, Dr. von Schwartz of the Leipzig Mission-
ary Society, Dr. Merenski of the Berlin Missionary So^
ciety.
^
MISSION BOARDS OF THE UNITED STATES AND
CANADA: Annual Conference of; Secretary: Mr. W. H.
Grant, 156 Fifth avenue, New York.
This Annual Conference is composed of the executive of-
ficers and membei-s ofthe Foreign Mission Boards. Its ob-
ject the discussion of questions of administration in For-
is
eign Missions, and the value of such discussion is very

great. The program of the Thirteenth Annual Conference,
held in Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 27 and 28, 1906, may convey
some idea of the scope of these conferences, as follows:
Shall there be one Protestant Church in Korea?; Anglo-
American Communities on Mission Fields; Spiritual Move-
ments and Needs in Russia; Church Union in Canada;
Necessary decrease of American Missionaries as native
Ministers increase; Conditions on the Congo; Missionary
Periodicals; the Church Missionary Society and the co-
operation of its constituency; an Interdenominational Mis-
sionary Month, for annual stimulus of missionary interest
at home; the Layman in the Evangelization of the World.
The different societies of different religious denominations
attend these conferences year after year, but there is no
permanent organization aside from the Committee of Ar-
rangements chosen each year to organize the next Confer-
ence. The next meeting is appointed to be at Philadelphia,
January 9 and 10, 1907.
THE INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY UNION
(1883) This Missionary Union is composed of returned
:
missionaries of all denominations, and holds an annual con-

vention in June of each year at Clifton Springs, N. Y., for
the discussion of Foreign Missions, their condition, prog-
ress, and needs. The secretary is Rev. H. A. Crane,
Canisteo, N. Y.
WOMEN'S COMMITTEES FOR THE UNITED

STUDY OF MISSIONS
CENTRAL COMMITTEE ON THE UNITED STUDY
OF MISSIONS: Chairman: Mrs. N. M. Waterbury, Ford
Building, Boston; Secretary: Miss C. Butler, Newton Centre,

Mass. The Committee has secured the publication and the
circulation of over 250,000 copies of six books on Foreign
Mission Fields, which have been used in study classes of
many denominations.
INTERDENOMINATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR
HOME MISSION STUDY: Miss M. Helm,
President:
Nashville, Tenn. ; Secretary and Treasurer: Miss A. M.
Guernsey, 17 Webster Place, East Orange, N. J. The
Home Mission Studies prepared under the auspices of the
Committee have met with a wide approval in many denomi-
nations, uniting the Home missionary women upon one
common line of study and thought.
BUREAU OF MISSIONS
The Bureau of Missions was organized to preserve and
develop the missionary exhibit and library gathered at the
time of the Ecumenical Conference on Foreign Missions of
1900. Later its scope was enlarged to include the distribu-
tion of missionary information.
The trustees of the Bureau include representatives of
different denominations, and its ad\dsory board, made up of
missionary specialists, is also broadly interdenominational
in character.
Thus constituted, the Bureau is incorporated under the
laws of the State of New York. It was formally appointed
by the Executive Committee of the Ecumenical Conference
to take charge of and hold in trust the archives, reports, and
other property of the Ecumenical Conference. This action
was formally confirmed and approved by the foreign mis-
sionary societies of the United States and Canada at the con-
ference of their officers, held in Toronto, in February, 1902,
the conference voting also to commend the Bureau to the
co-operation of the several boards and of all interested in
the purposes of such an organization.
Headquarters and Library, Room 81, Bible House, New
York.
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MISSIONARY OPERATIONS IN EUROPE OF AMER-

ICAN SOCIETIES MENTIONED IN
THE ABOVE TABLE
PART III
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES
The Blue Book of Missions for 1907 201i
ABBREVIATIONS REPRESENTING THE NAMES

OF MISSIONARY SOCIETIES
—
Note. The advantage of haying a table of abbreviations used for this
purpose in standard books now in circulation will be appreciated by all
Anglo-Saxons who read or write on Missions. The abbreviations given
below closely follow the lists found in Beach's Atlas of Protestant Missions
and in the Encyclopedia of Missions. In some cases it has seemed wise
to shorten the form found in those books, and an effort has been made to
give a special form to abbreviations representing names in other languages
than the English.
AA. —American Advent Missionary Society.
ABCFM.— American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions.
ABH. — American Baptist Home Mission Society.
ABHW. — Woman's Baptist Home Mission Society.
ABFW. —Women's Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.
ABMU. — American Baptist Missionary Union.
ABS. —American Bible Society.
ACM. —American Church Missionary Society.
AFFM. — American Friends' Board of Foreign Missions.
AIM. —Africa Inland Mission.
Allg.P. — German General Evangelical Protestant Missionary
Societjr.
AMA. —American Missionary Association.
AME. — Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the African
Methodist Episcopal Church.
AMZ. — Home and Foreign Missionary Society of the African
Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.
ARA. —American Ramabai Association.
ARP. —Associate Reformed Presbyterian Synod of the South.
ASF. —American Seamen's Friend Society.
ATS. —American Tract Society.
AWM. —Australasian Methodist Missionary Society.
B. — Basel Evangelical Missionary Society.
BC. — Bible Christian Home and Foreign Missionary Society.
BE. — Bengal Evangelistic Mission.
BFBS. — British and Foreign Bible Society.
BMG. — Balaghat Mission to the Gonds.
BMJ. — Barbican Mission to the Jews.
BMP. — Foreign Missions of the Baptist Convention of the
Maritime Provinces (Canada).
BMS. — Baptist Missionary Society.
Bn. — Berlin Evangelical Foreign Missionary Society (Berlin
I.in German Reports).
Bn.CW. — BerUn Women's Society China.
for
BOQ. — Foreign Missions of the Baptist Convention of Ontario
and Quebep.
Brek.—Breklum (or Schleswig-Holstein) Evangelical Luth-

eran Missionary Society.
BSJ. — British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel
among the Jews.
BSM. — Bethel Santal Mission.
BSS. — British and Foreign Sailor's Society.
BTS.— Bible Translation Society (Baptist).
BUA. — British and Foreign Unitarian Association.
BWA.—-Baptist Union of Western Australia (Home and For-
eign Missions).
BZM. —Baptist Zenana Mission (cooperating with BMS).
CA. —Christian and Missionary Alliance (New York).
CAM. —Central American Mission (U. S. A.).
CC. — Missions of the Christian Church (U. S. A.).
CEC. —Church of England Canada Foreign Missions So-
in
ciety.
CEZ. —Church of England Zenana Missionary Society,
CG. — Board of Missions of the General Eldership of the
Churches of God.
CIM. —China Inland Mission.
CFM. —Congregational Foreign Missionary Society of Canada.
CLC. —Christian Literature Society China (Society
for the for
Diffusion of Christian and General Knowledge among
the Chinese).
CLI. — Christian Literature Society for India.
CMR. — Central Morocco Mission.
CMS. — Church Missionary Society.
CSF. —Church of Scotland Foreign Missionary Committee.
CSJ. —Church of Scotland Conversion the Jews Committee.
of
CSW. —Church of Scotland Women's Foreign Missionary
Association.
CWBM. —Christian (Disciples) Woman's Board of Missions.
DB. — Danish Bible Society.
DanL. — Loventhal's Missions.
DK. — Deaconesses Institute at Kaisers werth.
DM. — Danish Missionary Society.
EA. — Missionary Society of the Evangelical Association.
ECS. — Missions of the Episcopal Church in Scotland.
EGM. —Egypt General Mission.
ELGC. — Missions of the General Council of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church in North America.
ELGS. —Missions of the General Synod of the Evangelical
Lutheran Church in North America.
ELUS. — Missions of the EvangeHcal Lutheran United Synod
of the South.
EMM. — Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society.
Erm. — Ermelo Missionary Society (Holland).
FCMS. — Foreign Christian (Disciples) Missionary Society.
The Blue Book of Missions for 190,7 203
—
FB. Missions of the General Conferenct of Free Baptists.
—
FCA. Missions of the Federated Churches of Australia and
Tasmania.
FEM. — Figueras Evangelistic Mission.
FFMA. — Friends' Foreign Mission Association (England).
Finn. — Finnish Missionary Society, Helsingfors.
FM. — Furreedpore Mission (Australia).
FMA. — Missionary Board of the Free Methodist Church in
North America.
Fr.J.—French Society for the Evangelization of the Jews.
Fr.K. — French Protestant Mission among the Kabyles.
Fr.MP. — McAU Mission Populaire France.
in
GBB. — General Missionary and Tract Committee of the Ger-
man Baptist Brethren (Dunkers).
Ger.B. — Missionary Society of the German Baptists Berlin. in
GEL. — Missions of the German Evangelical Synod Missouri, of
Ohio, and other States.
Ger.EA. — Evangelical Missionary Society German East
for
Africa (indicated in German by the name "Berlin III").
GES. — Missions of the German Evangelical Synod cl the
United States.
GMU. — Gospel Missionary Union (U. S.).
Goss. — Gossner's Missionary Society ("Berlin II").
Han.FC. — Missions of the Evangelical Lutheran Free Church
of Hanover.
HEA. — Hawaiian Evangelical Association.
Herm. — Hermannsburg Evangelical Lutheran Institute of
Missions.
HFM.— Hephzibah Faith Mission (U. S).
Hild. —Hildesheim Mission to the Chinese Blind.
HSK— Hauges Synod China Mission (U. S.).
IMA. — International Medical Missionary and Benevolent
Association (SDA).
IMJ. — Irish Mission Association to the Jews.
JB. — Jamaica Baptist Missionary Union.
JEM. —Jerusalem and the East Medical Mission.
Jer.U. — Jerusalem Union (Germany.)
JMM. —Jaffa Medical Mission and Hospital.
XIM. — Kurku and Central Indian Mission.
Hill
Leip. — Leipzig Evangelical Lutheran Missionary Society.
LF. — Lutheran Free Church Board of Missions (U. S.).
LMS. —London Missionary Society.
LSJ. — London Society for the Promotion of Christianity
among the Jews.
MB. — Mennonite Evangelizing and Benevolent Board.
MCC. — Missionary Society of the Methodist Church Canada. in
]yiQW, — Woman's Missionary Society of th« Methodist Church
in Canada.
.
ME. —Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal

Church in U. S.
MES. — Foreign Missionary Committee of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church in the U. (South).
S.
MGC. — Missions the Mennonite General Conference.
of
MLI. — Mission to Lepers in India and the East.
MM. — Melanesian Mission.
MMI. — Mildmay Missionary Institute.
MMIJ. — Mildmay Mission to the Jews.
MNC. — Methodist New Connection Missionary Society.
Mor. — Moravian Missions {Bruder Unitat).
MP. — Board of Missions the Methodist Protestant Church.
of
MR. — Mission the Free Churches of French Switzerland
of
{Mission Romande).
NAM. — North Africa Mission.
NBC. — Foreign Mission Committee of the National Baptist
Convention America.
of
NBS. — National Bible Society Scotland.
of
N.Det. — Neuendettelsau Missionary Society.
Neuk. — Neukirchen Missionary Institute.
Neth. —Netherlands Missionary Society (Zendelinggenoctschap).
Neth.B. — Netherlands Bible Society (Bijbelgenootschap)
Neth.D. — Netherlands Mennonite Union Missions in the
for
Dutch East Indies {Doopgezinde vereeniging).
Neth.L. — Netherlands Lutheran Society Home and For-
for
eign Missions {Luther skegenootschap).
Neth.R. — Mission the Reformed Church in the Nether-
of
lands to Heathen and Mohammedans {Zending van
der Geref. Kerken).
—
Neth.SM. Netherlands State Missions (supported by Gov-
ernment in Dutch East Indies).
Neth. ST. —Committee for Missions in the Sangir and Talaut
Islands.
Neth.U. — Netherlands Missionary Union {Z ending svereen-
iging).
NHM. — New Hebrides Mission Synod.
Nor. — Norwegian Missionary Society {Norske Missions-
selskab).
Nordd. — North German Missionary Society.
NZB. — New Zealand Baptist Missionary Society.
NZP. — New Zealand Presbyterian Missions.
p. — Paris Evangelical Missions Society.
PB. —Christian Missions (commonly called "the Brethren").
PCC. — Foreign Missions Committee of the Presbyterian
Church in Canada.
PCE. — Foreign Missions Committee of the Presbyterian
Churpb of England.
PCI. — Foreign Missions Committee of the Presbyterian

Church in Ireland.
FE. — Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society of the Prot-
estant Episcopal Church the U.
in S.
PIV. — Poona and Indian Village Mission.
PLN. — Palestine and Lebanon Nurses Mission.
PM. — Primitive Methodist Missionary Society.
PN. — Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church
in the U. (North).
S.
PNH. — Board of Home Missions of the Presbyterian Church
in the U. (North).
S.
PS. — Executive Committee of Foreign Missions the Pres-
of
byterian Church in the U. (South).
S.
PSH. — General Assembly's Home Missions, Presbyterian
Church the U.
in (South).
S.
QB. — Queensland Baptist Foreign Missionary Society.
QIM. — Qua Iboe Mission.
RBMU. — Regions Beyond Missionary Union.
RCA. — Reformed (Dutch) Church America Board of For-
in
eign Missions.
RCUS. — Reformed (German) Church the United States
in
Board of Commissioners Foreign Missions.
for
RE. — Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Episcopal
Church.
Rhen. — Rhenish Missionary Society.
RP. — Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church North
in
America.
RPS. —Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Presby-
terian Church in North America, General Synod.
RTS.— Religious Tract Society (London).
SA. —Salvation Army.
SAEM. —South American Evangelical Mission.
SAGM. —South Africa General Mission.
SAMS. — South American Missionary Society.
SANA. — Scandinavian Alliance North America.
of
SBC. — Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Con-
vention.
Schr. —Church of Norway Mission of Bishop Schreuder.
SDA. — Seventh Day Adventist Missions.
SDB. — Seventh Dav Baptist Missions.
SEMC. — Swedish Evangelical Mission Covenant of America.
SMM. — Southern Morocco Mission.
Swed. —Swedish Church {Kyrkans) Missionary Society.
Swed.F. —Swedish National {Foster lands) Missionarv Society.
Swed.H. — Swedish Holiness Union (Helgelsefdrbundets).
Swed.KA. — Swedish Young Women's Missionary Work
(Kvinnliga arbetare).
Swed. M.—Swedish Missionary Society {Missionsforhundets).
iW6' The Blue Book of Missions for 1907
SPCK. —Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.

SPG. —Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign
Parts.
Sud.P. — Sudan Pioneer Mission of Eisenach.
TMS.—Tabeetha Mission Schools.
UB. — Home, Frontier, and Foreign Missionary Society of the
United Brethren in Christ.
UE. — Home, and Frontier Missionary Society of the United
Evangelical Church.
UFS. — Foreign Missions Committee of the United Free
Church of Scotland.
UGC. — Universalist General Conventions.
UM. — Universities Mission to Central Africa.
UMFC. — Home and Foreign Missions of the United Metho-
dist Free Churches.
UN. — United Norwegian Lutheran Church in America.
UP. — Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian
Church of North America.
Utr. — Utrecht Missionary Society.
VBF. —Victorian Baptist Foreign Missions.
WCM. — Welsh Calvinistic Methodist Board of Foreign Mis-
sions.
WCTU. — Worid's Woman's Christian Temperance Union.
WMCA. — Missionary Society of the Wesleyan Methodist Con-
nexion in America.
WMS. — Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society.
WMSA. —South African Wesleyan Methodist Missionary
Society.
WMSW.— Woman's Auxilliary of the WMS.
WU. — Woman's Union Missionary Society of America.
YMCA. — Young Men's Christian Association of North Amer-
ica, International Committee.
"YMF.—Young Men's Foreign Mission Society {Ikwezi La-
maci) Birmingham, England.
YWCA. — World's Young Women's Christian Union.
ZBM. — Zenana Bible and Medical Missionary Society.
ZIM. — Zambesi Industrial Mission.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF SOME IMPORTANT

EVENTS IN PROTESTANT MISSIONARY
EXTENSION
1517. Commencement of the Reformation, Oct. 31.
1535. Erasmus advocates Missions.
1542. Francis Xavier in India; 1549 in Japan (Roman Catho-
Uc).
1579. Matteo Ricci in China (Roman Catholic).

1588. Sir Walter Raleigh's donation for Missions in America.
1602. Dutch East India Company attempts conversions in
Malaysia and Ceylon.
1606. Robert de Nobili, Jesuit Missionary in India.
1622. Roman Propaganda founded, June 21st.
1637. Roman Missions suppressed in Japan.
1646. John Eliot missionary to Red Indians.
1648. House of Commons under Cromwell's auspices, pro-
poses to engage in Missions.
1649. New England Company founded.
1691. Society for Advancing the Christian Faith, founded in
England.
1698. British East India Company's Charter enjoins provi-
sion of chaplains.
1698. Society for Promotion of Christian Knowledge founded.
1701. Founding of the Society for the Propagation of the Gos-
pel in Foreign Parts.
—
1705. Tranquebar in South India Missionaries sent by the
King of Denmark (Danish- Halle Mission).
1721. Greenland —Mission of Hans Egede.
1732-35. First Moravian Missionaries to West Indies, Green-
land, South America.
1744. David Brainerd among Red Indians.
1750. Schwarz joins Danish Mission in Tranquebar, India.
1758. Kiernander in Calcutta.
1765. Russian Tartary —
Moravian Mission at Georgievsk.
1765. First Ordination of a Negro; Philip Quaque, SPG.
1792. Carey's Sermon on Missions; Baptist Missionary So-
ciety founded.
1793. Carey arrives in Bengal, India.
1793. Religious Tract and Book Society of Scotland founded.
1795. London Missionary Society founded.
1795. Ceylon and Cape Colony annexed by England.
1796. Edinburgh and Glasgow Missionary Societies.
1796. Polynesia —
Tahiti occupied by LMS.
1797. Netherlands Missionary Society founded.
1798. Cape Colony, South Africa, entered by LMS.
1799. CMS established, April 12th.
1799. Religious Tract Society founded.
1802. Crimean Tartars in Russia taught by Scottish Mis-
sionary Society.
1804. March 7th, Idea of the Bible for all men given practical
effect, and British and Foreign Bible Society estab-
lished.
1804. CMS sends first missionaries to West Africa, near
Sierra Leone.
1805. Henry Martyn in India.
—
1806. Ceylon —Baptist Missionary Society.

1807. China —Robert Morrison of LMS begins his work.
1808. London Society for Promoting Christianity among the
Jews founded.
1810. Sept. 5th. American Board of Commissioners for For-
eign Missions founded.
1813. Burma entered by Adoniram Judson (for American
Baptist Missionary Union).
1813. ABCFM Missionaries arrive at Bombay, India; Mar-
athi Mission.
1813. Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society organized.
1813. East India Company Charter renewed with Wilberforce's
"pious clauses" which allow Missionaries to go to
India.
1814. Organization of the American Baptist Missionary Union.
1814. Netherlands Bible Society founded.
1814. First Chinese convert baptized by Robert Morrison.
1814. New Zealand Mission, Samuel Marsden — CMS.
1816. Sierra Leone Mission organized.
1816. American Bible Society founded.
1816. Basel Missionary Seminary opened.
1818. Madagascar — Mission of LMS commenced.
1818. Revival of SPG.
1819. Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church
organized in the U. S. A.
1819. Turkey (Syria) Missions of the ABCFM.
1819. Siberian Mongols — Mission of LMS at Selinginsk
(Baikal).
1819. Hawaiian Islands — Mission of the ABCFM.
1820. Tasmania — Mission of the WMS.
1820. Buenos Aires —First Protestant service established by
Mr. Thomson, Agent of BFBS. Nov. 19.
1821. Missionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church
of U. S. A. organized.
1821. Bible Christian Missionary Society (England).
1821. Danish Missionary Society formed.
1824. Berlin Missionary Society organized.
1824. Methodist Missionary Board organized in Canada.
1824. Paris Evangelical Missionary Society founded.
1825. American Tract Society founded.
1827. Gold Coast, West Africa — Mission of the Basel Society.
1827. Rhenish Missionary Society organized.
1829. Cape Colony and Namaqualand, South Africa
Rhenish Society.
1829. Church of Scotland Foreign Missions Committee ap-
pointed.
1829. First Scotch Missionaries to India; Alexander Duff and
John Wilson.
The Blxje Book of Missions fob 1907 209
1832. Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Church in

America (Dutch) organized.
1833. Free Baptist Foreign Missionary Society organixed
1833. Persia— Nestorian Mission of ABCFM
begins.
1833. Ludhiana, North India— Mission of Presbyterimn
Church in U. S.
1834. Slavery in West Indies abolished.
1834. Henry Lyman and Samuel Munson killed in Sumatra
(ABCFM).
1835. Fiji Islands— Mission of WMS.
1836. North German, Gossner and Leipzig Missionary So-
cieties founded; also Kaisers werth Deaconess Insti-
tute.
1837. Churchof Scotland Women's Association for Foreign
Missions organized.
1837. Board of Foreign Missions of the General Synod of the
Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America
founded.
1837. Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church
in the U. S. of America (North).
1839. John Williams killed at Erromanga, Nov. 20.
1840. Welsh Calvinistic Methodists' Foreign Missions.
1840. Presbyterian Church in Ireland Foreign Missions.
1841. David Livingstone in South Africa.
1841. Foreign Mission Board of the General Synod of the
Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States.
1841. Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society, organized.
1842. Borneo —
Mission of the Rhenish Society.
1842. Primitive Methodist Missionary Society (England).
1842. Norwegian Missionary Society founded.
1842. Opening of Chinese Porta after First Opium War.
1842. Woman's Society for Education of Women in the East
formed in Germany.
1843. Free Church of Scotland Foreign Missions Committee
organized.
1843. Woman's Foreign Missionary Society of the Free Church
of Scotland founded.
1844. Patagonian Missionary Society founded. 1864 named
South American Missionary Society.
1844. Presbyterian Church in Canada begins Foreign Mis-
sions.
1845. Krapf and Rebmann of CMS begin East African ex-
ploration (Mombasa region).
1845. Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Con^
vention (U. S. A.)
1846. Board of Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Chureh
in the U. S., South.
1846. Baptist Convention in Canada begins Foreign Miasioaa.
.
1847. Melanesia —Beginnings of Mission work in Solomon

Islands ( now Meianesian Mission )
1847. United Presbyterian Church of Scotland begins Foreign
Missions.
1847. Presbyterian Church of England begins Foreign Mis-
sions.
1847. Mennonite (of Holland) Missionary Society formed.
1849. Moskito Coast (Nicaragua) Mission of Moravians begins.
1849. Hermannsburg Missionary Society (Germany) formed.
1851. Capt. Allen Gardiner's death in Tierra del Fuego.
1852. Punjab Mission of CMS begun.
1852. Zenana Bible and Medical Mission founded in England.
1852. —
Micronesiai Mission of ABCFM.
1852. Cumberland Presbyterian Board of Missions formed.
1853. American Commodore Perry enters harbor of Yedo,
July 8th.
1853. United Brethren in Christ organize Missionary Society.
—
1854. Egypt Mission of UP begins.
1854. Japan opened by the American Treaty, March 31st.
1865. Ladakh in the Himalayas; Tibetan Mission of the Mo-
ravians.
1855. Java Committee formed in Holland.
1855. Australasian Methodist Missionary Society founded.
1856. Treaty of Paris making peace between Russia and Tur-
key; permission for education and for Bible circula-
tion in Arabic and Turkish. The most telling blow
ever given Islam.
1856. Reformed Presbyterian Synod (N. A.) forms Board of
Foreign Missions.
1856. Swedish National (Fosterlands) Missionary Society.
1857. Sepoy Mutiny in India; the country then coming under
direct control of the British Government.
1857. United Methodist Free Churches begin Missions.
1858. Speke discovers the Victoria Nyanza.
1858. Treaty of Tientsin opens interior of China.
1858. Universities Mission to Central Africa founded.
1858. Netherlands Missionary Union founded.
1859. Utrecht Missionary Union founded.
1859. American Missionaries (Episcopal and Presbyterian)
enter Japan.
1859. Methodist New Connection Missionary Society.
1859. Finnish Missionary Society formed.
1860. Woman's Union Missionary Society of America founded
and the Eooch of Woman's loork for woman begins.
1860. National Bible Society of Scotland formed.
1861. Indian Female N. S.'and I. Society (now Zenana Bible
and Medical Mission).
The Blu^. Book of Missions for 1907 211
1861. Presbyterian Church in U. S. (South) begins Foreign

Missions.
1861. Haiti — Mission of the PE
begins.
1861. Nyasaland Mission of the Universities Mission to Cen-
tral Africa.
1861. First Protestant Christian converts baptized in Japan.
1862. Sumatra —
Mission of the Rhenish Missionary Society.
1863. Manchuria —Mission of the Scottish United Presbyter-
ians.
1864. Zanzibar Mission of Universities Mission.
1865. China Inland Mission organized.
1865. Salvation Army organized.
1865. Formosa —
Mission of the Presbyterian Church of Eng-
land.
1865. Paris Evangelical Missionary Society comes to the aid
of LMS in French Islands of Polynesia.
1866. Friends' Foreign Mission Association (England) formed.
1867. General Council of Evangelical Lutherans organized
Foreign Mission Board.
1867. German Evangelical Synod of N. A. organized Mission
Board.
1868. Revolution in Japan; security for Missions begins.
1870. ABCFM transfers missions in Persia, Syria, and Ga-
boon region to the PN.
1870. First woman physician goes to India.
1871. Bishop Patteson killed at Santa Cruz, Melanesia.
1871. New Guinea —
Mission of LMS.
1872. First Protestant Church organized in Japan.
1873. Removal of Anti-Christian edicts in Japan.
1873. Death of Livingstone rouses England to care for Africa.
1873. American Friends' Foreign Missionary Board formed.
1874. Swedish Church (Kyrkans) Missionary Society founded.
1874. Nyasaland Missions of Scotch Presbyterian Churches.
1875. Foreign Christian Missionary Society (Disciples)
formed. Also Swiss Romande Missionary Society.
1876. Uganda Mission of CMS and Tanganyika Mission of
LMS begin.
1876. Chifu Convention further opens China. Extensive
journeys of CIM men begin.
1877. Breklum Missionary Society (Germany) formed.
1877. Rhodesia (Barotseland) Mission of Paris Evangelical
Missionary Society.
1877. Nippon Kirisuto Kyokwai (Presbyterian) Church of
Christ in Japan formed Union.
1878. Congo Free State —
Baptist Missionary Society
^ and
RBMU.
1879. Swedish Missionary Society (Missionsforbundets)
founded.
1879. Roman Catholic Missions in Uganda.

1880. Church of England Zenana Missionary Society organ-
ized.
1881. Reformed Church in the U. S. (German) Foreign Mis-
sions begin.
1881. Epoch of general attention to Medical Missions begins
hereabouts.
1882. Free Methodists of N. A. organize Foreign Mission
Board. Also Neukirchen (Germany) Mission In-
stitute.
1884. Korea— Mission of PN.
1884. General Evang. Prot. Missionary Society (Germany)
formed.
1885. German New Guinea — Mission of Neuendettelsau So-
ciety.
1885. Bishop Hannington killed in Uganda October 29th.
1886. Student Volunteer Missionary Movement founded in
America.
1886. Christian Church (U. S.) organizes Missionary Society.
1886. Arabia —Mission at Aden of Ion Keith-Falconer; now
UFS.
1886. German East Africa Missionary Society formed.
1886. Kumi-ai Association of Congregational Churches in
Japan.
1887. Nippon Sei-Kokwai (Anglican Japanese Church) or-
ganized.
1888. General interdenominational Missionary Conference in
London.
1889. Paris Missionary Society comes to the aid of the PN
in the French Congo.
1890. —
Arabia Mission at Bahrein (now RCA).
1891. Fund (£16,000) raised by CMS friends for British East
Africa Company to save Uganda.
1892. Zambesi Industrial Mission founded (England).
1892. Student Volunteer Missionary Union organized in
England.
1894. British Protectorate proclaimed in Uganda, August 18th.
1895. China defeated by Japan in war.
1895. First woman missionaries for Uganda.
1895. Massacre of R. W. Steward and others at Ku-cheng,
August 1st.
1895. Epoch of general extension of Industrial Training in
Missions begins about this time.
1896. Paris Evangelical Missionary Society comes to the aid
of the LMS by taking a share of the Madagascar
missions on the French conquest of the Island.
1897. Christian and Missionary Alliance formed (U. S.)
1898. British conquest of Khartum; overthrow of Mohamme-

dan reactionists.
1899. Philippine Islands opened to Protestant Missions.
1899. Treaties recognize Japan as on a parity with Western
Powers.
1900. Ecumenical Missionary Conference in New York, April.
1900. United Free Church of Scotland Foreign Missions.
1900. Massacres of Missionaries and Native Christians in
China.
1900. Siege of Peking Embassies; Missionaries and Chinese
Christians aiding in defence; Japan joins Western
Powers in the relief expedition.
1901. April 6, James Chalmers and Oliver F. Tompkins,
LMS, killed at Goaribari I., New Guinea.
1904. War between Russia and Japan.
MISSIONARY CONFERENCES IN GERMANY

The German Mission Conferences are working organiza-
tions of an essentially different kind from the Missionary
Societies. While these latter gather at Home the necessary
means and powers for carrying on Mission Work among
heathen and Mohammedans, the Mission Conferences have
written on their programme the work of stimulating and
encouraging a Missionary spirit at home. Therefore they
come to the help of the Missionary Societies by cultivating
the soil from which their nourishment is derived.
They carry on an agitation in behalf of Missions in ever
widening circles, trying to increase existing knowledge of
Missions and to deepen comprehension of the Missionary
enterprise. Most of them do not work for the interest of
any single Missionary Society, but they rather serve the gen-
eral interests of all evangelical Missions in Germany.
These Conferences have most of them come into being
within the last score of years. The oldest, which is in the
province of Saxony, has been in existence since 1879. The
leader of German Missionary circles, Prof. Warneck of Halle,
was its founder and has aided with his advice at the founding
of most of those subsequently established.
The youngest of these Conferences is known as the
" Lower Rhenish Conference," organized at Dusseldorf in
1904. The whole number of the Conferences at present is
twenty. Their territory embraces the whole extent of the
German Empire, as may be seen from the following list: 1;
—
Note. The material from which this statement is derived was kindly
furnished by the Rev. Pastor Paul of Lorenzkirche bei StreUa, Sazoxijr*
Province of Saxe and Anhalt; 2. Province of Brandenburg.

3. Pomerania; 4. Posen; 5. East Prussia; 6. West Prus-
sia; 7. Province of Silesia; 8. Kingdom of Saxony; 9. King-
dom of Bavaria; 10. Brunswick; 11. Thuringia; 12. Hesse-
Darmstadt; 13. General Evangelical Mission Conference of
Wiesbaden; 14. Province of Schleswig-Holstein; 15. Prov-
ince of Hesse; 16. West Thuringian Conference in Eisenach;
17. East Friesland Conference; 18. Horder Mission Confer-
ence (Wurttemburg); 19. Hanseatic towns and Oldenburg;
20. Lower Rhenish Conference.
In order to show the method in which these Conferences
work we may take as an example that of the Kingdom of
Saxony, which is now one of the largest. Every year it holds
a public assembly of the members, in connection with which
there are addresses on Biblical topics and on the Theory of
Missions. This assembly cannot show as great an attend-
ance as the annual Conference at Halle, led by Dr. Warneck,
which might with propriety be called the Mission Congress of
Germany; but for Saxony it is one of the most important
missionary meetings of the year. The Conference meets, as
a rule, at Dresden during the September church festivals,
every third meeting is held in a different one of the principal
cities of Saxony, the aim being to carry the stimulus connected
with the meeting into other parts of the country. Besides
the principal meetings two auxiliary conferences are held
every year. Here one may find the smaller circles of helpers
assembled in order to discuss new methods. Generally it is
decided in these meetings when and where the next Mission-
ary Deputation-tour shall be held. After such a tour is
decided upon, several qualified members of the board of
directors, probably accompanied by one of the Missionaries
who is in the homeland, will go forth to some small church
district of the appointed region, and will hold meetings for
a week, each day at a different point. Meetings are arranged
also by agreement with the School authorities so that in the
lower schools of town and country, in the high schools, the
colleges, and the normal schools for teachers, everywhere,
interest in the missions is aroused.
The literary work of the Conference is also of importance.
Every year a Year Book ispublished whose weight lies in the
practical value of the articles contributed to it. Here pas-
tors will find well prepared material for missionary meetings,
with the most recent statistical tables, a summary of the
events of the year, a discussion of the literature of the year,
together with post office addresses important in missions,
etc. During the year the members are furnished with
printed news slips through which they always receive prompt
information of current events. In each place the ''helpers"
;
also are thus kept in activity; for it is they who undertake

to collect the yearly dues of the members, the least being 1
mark (or 23% cents). Among the aid to promoting interest
in missions published by the Mission Conference are three
large colored wall-pictures of the mission on Kilima Njaro in
German East Africa. These have been found helpful in
lectures at public schools and in confirmation classes. The
pictures are also used as wall decorations for club rooms,
etc. A prize competition was organized for the exposition
of Hinduism (especially for Indian Missionaries). It called
into action a number of able pens, and resulted in the publi-
cation of the prize essay, entitled, "The Salvation of Man-
kind According to Hinduism and Christianity;'* a compar-
ative investigation of the fundamental documents of both,
by William Dilger, Basel Missionary Society, Basel, 1902.
In order to supply the daily press with Missionary news
the Conference of Saxony has united with other Mission Con-
ferences, and their appointed writer, Pastor Paul of Loreni-
kirche, sends out 920 copies once a month of a news bulletin
called "Recent News from Missions to the Heathen/' whose
substance is given to the daily papers in each center by his
associates of the other Conferences.
RECENT BOOKS FOR MISSIONARY LIBRARIES

AFRICA—EAST CENTRAL
The Masai, their Language and Folklore, by A. C. HoUis;
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1905.
Five Years Medical Work on Lake Nyassa, by R. Howard
London, Universities Mission, 1905.
Uganda and its Peoples (Ethnology), by J. F. Cunning-
ham; London, Hutchinson & Co., 1905.
The East Africa Protectorate, by Sir C. N. E. Eliot;
London, E. Arnold, 1905.
AFRICA—GENERAL
Daybreak in the Dark Continent, by W. S. Naylor; New
York, Y. P. Miss. Movement, 1905.
Christus Liberator, by Ellen C. Parsons; New York, Mac-
millan Co., 1905.
AFRICA—SOUTH
A Thousand INIiles in the Heart of Africa (Dutch Re-
formed Missions) by J. Du Plessis; London, Oliphant, An-
derson and Ferrier, 1905.
Halilu, a Destiny of Deliverance, by H. N.; London, Mar-
shall Bros.. 1906.
AFRICA—WEST CENTRAL
The Congo for Christ, by J. Brown; London, S. W. Part-
ridge & Co., 1905.
The Story of Chisamba, by H, W. Barker (Canadian
Congregational Mission in Angola) ; Toronto, 1905.
A Yankee in Pigmy Land, by W. E. Geil ; London, Hodder
A Stoughton, 1906.
AMERICAN INDIANS, NEGROES AND HOME MISSIONS
History of Wachovia in North Carolina (Moravian), by
J. H. Clewell; New York, Doubleday, Page & Co., 1902.
The fall of Torngak (Moravian Mission in Labrador) ;
London, S. W. Partridge & Co., 1905.
Aliens or Americans? (immigration), by H. B. Grose;
New York, Interdenominational Home Mission Study
Course, 1906.
Coming Americans, by Katherine R. Crowell, Int. Home
Mission Study Course, 1906.
ASIA—CHINA
of South China, by W. S. Paken-
Some Typical Christians
hara- Walsh London, Marshall Bros., 1906.
;
Round About my Peking Garden, by Mrs. A. Little; Lon-

don, T. F. Unwin,']906.
Stones in the Rough, by William Ashmore; Boston, P.
R. Warren Co., 1905.
The Tribulations of the Church in China, A. D. 1900; 2
vols., Shanghai Pres. Mission Press, 1902.
In Touch With Reality, by W. A. Cornaby; London, C.
H. Kelly, 1905.
China and Her People, by Charles Denby; 2 vols., Bos-
ton, L. C. Page & Co., 1906.
Chinese Heroes (Native Christians in the Boxer upris-
ing), by I. T. Headland; New York, Eaton & Mains, 1904.
ASIA—INDIA AND CEYLON
In and Out of Hospital (Medical work for women), by
Charlotte S. Vines; London, Marshall Bros. 1905.,
Holy Himalaya (North India), by E. S. Oakley; London,
Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier, 1905.
Things as They Are, by Amy Wilson-Carmichael ; Lon
don, Morgan & Scott, 1903.
Among the Burmans, bv Henry P. Cochrane; New York
F. H. Revell Co., 1904.
Just What They Need (North India School of Medicine)
br Dr. Alice B. Condict; London, Morgan & Scott, 1904.
Shan Folk-Lore Stories (Burma), by W. C. Griggs; Phil
adelphia, Am. Baptist Pub. Society, 1905.
The Pen of Brahma: Hindu Hearts and Homes, by

Beatrice M. Harrand New York, F. H. Revell Co., 1906.
;
In Leper Land (Missions to Lepers), by Ida Jackson;

London, Marshall Bros., 190L
Life and Work in Khasia (Assam), by W. Jenkins; Liver-
pool, Welsh Calv. Methodist Mission House, 1906.
ASIA—JAPAN AND KOREA

The Christian Movement in its relation to the New Life
in Japan edited by D. C. Greene 245 pp. Tokyo, 1906.
; ; ;
The White Peril in the Far East, by Sydney L. Gulick;

New York, F. H. Revell Co., 1905.
of Korea, by H. B. Ilulbert; Seoul, 1905.
The History
Christianity in Modern Japan, by E. W. Clement; Phila-
delphia, Am. Baptist Pub. Society, 1905.
Japanese Life in Town and Coimtry, by G. W. Knox; New
York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1905.
The Anglican Church in Korea, by C. J. Corfe; Seoul,
Korea, 1906.
MALAYSIA—THE ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC
An Observer in the Philippines, by John B. Devins; New
York, Am. Tract. Society, 1905.
Saints and Savages (New Hebrides), by R. Lamb; Lon-
don, W. Blackwood & Sons, 1905.
Chriatus Redemptor (the Island World), by Helen B.
Montgomery; New York, Macmillan Co., 1906.
In the Isles of the Sea; Fifty Years in Melanesia, by
Frances Awdry; London, Bemrose & Sons, 1903.
Adventure for God (the Philippines), by Rev. C. H.
Brent; New York, liOngmans, Green & Co., 1906.
Micronesia: the American Board in the Island World, by
Mrs. T. C. Bliss; Boston, A. B. C. F. M., 1906.
TLTIKEY—SYRIA
Village Life in Palestine, by G. R. Lees; London, Long-
mans, Green & Co., 1905.
BIOGRAPHY
Raymond Lull, by W. T. A. Barber; London, C. H. Kelly,
1904.
Mills, Samuel J., by J. C. Richards; Boston, Pilgrim
Press, 3906.
GENERAL
St. Paul; Missionary to the Nations, by Mrs. Ashley
Car US-Wilson London, Hodder & Stoughton* 1905.
;
Recent Advances in Christian Student Movements; Lon-

don, British College Christian Union, 1904.
Historical Catalogue of Printed editions of Holy Scrip-

tures in library of the BFBS, by T. H. Darlow & H. F.
Moule; 2 vols., London BFBS, 1904.
Method in Soul-Winning on Home and Foreign Fields,
by H. C.Mabie; New York, F. H. Revell Co., 1906.
Into all the World, by C. S. MacAlpine; London, Mar-
shall Bros., 1904.
Kussian Orthodox Missions, by E. Smirnoff; London,
Rivingtons, 1903.
In the Land of the North (Jews in Russia), by S. Wil-
kinson; London, Marshall Bros., 1906.
Students and the Modern Missionary Crusade (Nashville
Convention): New York, Student Volunteer Movement, 1906.
History of Protestant Missions {Ahriss einer Geschichte
der protestantischen Missionen) by G. Warneck; 8th edi-
,
tion. Translated by G. Robson; New York, F.-H. Revell Co.,

1906.
RELIGIONS
The Great Religions of India, by J. M. Mitchell; New
York, F. H. Revell Co., 1905.
Some Leading Ideas of Hinduism, by H. Haigh; London,
C. L. Kelly, 1904.
Muhemmad and the Rise of Islam, bv D. S. Margoliouth;
New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1905."
Original Sources of the Quran, bv W. St. C. Tisdall; New
York, E. S. Gorham, 1905.
Historical Development of the Quran, by E. Sell; London,
S. P. C. K., 1905.
The Mohammedan World (Islam in the Concrete), by
various writers; New York, F. H. Revell Co., 1906.
The Muslim Controversy, by E. H. Wherry; London, The
ChristiRn Literature Society, 1905.
The Moslem Doctrine of God, by S. M. Zwemer; New
York, Am. Tract. Soc, 1905.
Buddhism, by Annie H. Small; London, J. M. Dent & Co,
1P06.
Chinese Superstitions, by J. Vale; London, China Inland
Mission, 1906.
MISSIONARIES AND GOVERNMENTS*

This subject is a deli'âte one because the missionary is
worth nothing if he is not sanely zealous, while from the
beginning srovernments as well as censorious by-standers
have considered zeal improper.
*Mnch of the materml here used is borrowed from Mr. Eugene Stock's
Handbook of Missions."
•'Short
We should say at the outset that missionaries have rights

as citizens, which are not forfeited because they are mission-
aries. They also have duties toward the government of
their own allegiance as well as toward that of the land of
their temporary abode. These duties need to be most care-
fully studied and recognized. The rights are generally
known without study.
Missionaries who are outside of their own national domain
will find residence in either( 1 ) lands which are ruled by bar-
barous or semi-barbarous chiefs, as are many parts of Africa,
New Guinea, and a few other regions, or (2) lands under
civilized governments bound by treaty to protect the rights
of strangers sojourning therein.
Missionaries in barbarous countries go at their own risk
and they make their ovm terms with the chiefs of the tribes
they seek to evangelize. Missionaries and native converts
might be murdered or imprisoned, and no home Government
would be expected or desired to interfere. Missionaries in
Abyssinia and Ashanti have been rescued by British military
expeditions, but the expeditions were undertaken, not for
their deliverance, but for reasons of general policy. No
village was burned as a punishment for the murder of Bishop
Hannington, in Africa; no armed force interposed to save
the Christians of Uganda from a cruel death; and though a
punitive expedition was actually suggested, it was earnestly
deprecated by the Church Missionary Society, which main-
tains the Uganda mission.
In independent and civilized foreign states it is essential
that missionaries should carry on their Avork with due recog-
nition of, and submission to the local government and its
laws though there are cases from time to time where a higher
;
law must be obeyed at the missionary's or the convert's risk.

Under some of the Roman Emperors, Christianity was illegal,
but that did not make Christianity wrong. A missionary
who tries to get into Tibet or Arabia in the teeth of official
prohibition could not be condemned by the Christian con-
science. In some of the lands in this division, the general
influence of Christian Powers is indirectly the missionary's
protection, as in Persia. On the other hand, it is by British
orders that the road to Afsrhanistan is barred to all mission-
aries. This latter circumstance brings to mind similar pro-
hibitions in India.
The story of the relations of missions in India to the
Indian Government is a long and complicated one. The
East India Company at the closp of the eighteenth century,
prohibited missions altoorether. Carey had to live aîd work
in Danish tprritorv. Henry !Martvn coul'^ onlv be in India
as a chaplain of the Company. Long after the opening of
India by the renewed charter of 1813, the authorities, while

unable longer to forbid missionary work, carefully guarded
their Sepoy army from the contagion of Christianity. But
there were individuals in the Government who in their pri-
vate capacity encouraged missions, and when the Punjab was
annexed in 1849, the men appointed to rule it, Henry and
John Lawrence, Robert Montgomery, and a noble band of
like-minded men, fostered missionary effort to the utmost,
subscribing largely themselves for its support. And this in a
province predominantly and turbulently Mohammedan, and
even at Peshawar, an Afghan city so dangerous that no Eng-
lishman was allowed to enter it except by express official
permission. Yet, when the Mutiny broke out in 1857, and
the pampered Sepoys massacred all the Christians, foreign
and native, whom they could seize, it was the Punjab that
did most to save India to the British Empire.
In countries where treaties regulate the rights and priv-
ileges of strangers, the missionary has certain rights under
these treaties; he cannot help enjoying the protection which
his government has secured for its subjects by treaty; but he
will do wisely not to press his rights except when they are
dangerously disregarded through the ignorance or wilfulness
of local officials. For there is a legitimate sphere for the
exercise of the official influence of his own government. If
treaty rights are infringed, the government whose subjects
are molested is compelled for its own dignity to make remon-
strance and appeal to the authorities to maintain law and
order in accord with the treaty. The local authorities are
bound to punish a thief or a murderer, as a matter of justice
among their own people, though not as a satisfaction to Ihe
mission. "The devout men" who "carried Stephen to his
burial" doubtless sympathized with his dying prayer, "Lord
lay not this sin to their charge;" but if the Roman Governor
had arrested the "young man whose name was Saul" for
complicity in the murder, they would not rightly have inter-
fered with the due course of law.
If dependence upon "protection" is to be deprecated,
much more vengeance for wrongs done. In the case of prop-
erty destroyed, it may be wise and right to accept compen-
sation; but there can be no compensation for loss of life.
"Blood money" must always be refused by the missionary.
As for consular protection, it is obvious that if the mis-
sionary expects it, he must not go beyond the reach of it;
and thit would often confine his mission to the sea-coast or
the navigable river. As a matter of fact, missionaries in
oriental countries entirely repudiate the "gunboat" policy.
One man did advocate it in China; his letter was printed in
a blue book; and that letter has often been quoted by the
—
The Blub Book of Missions for 1907 221
opponents of missions as if it were typical. In Turkey there

is often necessity for invoking tne influence of an ambassador,
because the express authority of the Sultan himself is required
for the opening of a hospital or u village school.
Missionaries as a matter of duty, should refrain from
asking consular protection for their converts. Much harm
has been done to the cauee of Christianity both in China and
Turkey by French Roman Catholic priests securing consular
interference in behalf of converts. There should be no inter-
position that tends to remove the native convert from the
sphere of his nationality and its responsibilities. But it is
reasonable that Christian Powers should press in a general
way for religious liberty, as England has done in Turkey
since the Crimean war. Turkey owes its continued existence
to the intervention of England and France at that time;
and the British Government has insisted on entire religious
liberty there. Lord Clarendon, then Foreign Secretary,
wrote:
" The Christian Powers are entitled to demand, and H. M. Government do
distinctly demand, that no punishment whatever shall attach to the Mo-
hammedan who becomes a Christian, whether originally a Mohammedan or
originally a Christian, any more than any punishment attaches to a Chris-
tian who embraces Mohammedanism. In all such cases the movements
of the human conscience must be free, and the temporal arm must not
interfere to coerce the spiritual decision."
The Porte gave way under strong pressure, and the Brit-
ish —
demand was acceded to on paper. But although con-
verts have not since been executed openly, as they were
before, they have been got rid of in ways not less effective.
It is still at the risk of his life that a Muslim in Turkey be-
comes a Christian.
Although there is no truth in the charge, often care-
lessly made, that missionaries habitually ask their govern-
ments to forward their religious work by special protection
or armed intervention, there are cases when missionaries are
bound to ask the good offices of consul or ambassador, or
even of the home government. Such cases legitimately
arise when oriental officials make arbitrary restrictions of
the lawful undertakings of missionaries. For instance
forty years ago an oriental government gave formal permis-
sion for the publication of the Bible in its domains. The
Bible societies established an expensive printing and electro-
typing plant on faith of this authorization, took out the
necessary permits for printing houses and invested capital
in the business of manufacture and sale of the Bibles in that
land. From time to time during years regulations were
i'ssued limiting the manufacture of the Bible, and fixing con-
ditions for the sale of the Bible in shops, and by travelling
salesmen. The Bible societies conformed to the regulations

and up a considerable business und-jr the conditions
built
fixed by the Government. After more than a score of years
an official executive order was suddenly issued forbidding
manufacture of the Bible and its sale by travelling salesmen,
and ordering the confiscation of the Bibles. This executive
order with a stroke of the pen destroyed arbitrarily the value
of the plant built under the laws of the country, and made
the men criminals who were in that business. In such a
ease there is no alternative but to appeal to the Home Gov-
ernment for protection against arbitrary action such as the
existing treaties forbid.
Such appeals to the Home Government should be avoided,
should never be made until the missionary has exhausted
every means within his reach for settling the difficulty him-
self, and should be made in last resort only where a treaty
has been violated in such a way that the missionary is denied
equal rights with tradesmen of his own nationality.
In cases where appeal is to be made to an ambassador
or to the Home Government, it is desirable that one or two
missionary representatives speak for the whole body, rather
than that a number of different persons interested should
make separate appeals for protection. All the German
missionary societies acting together choose a Committee
each year to represent the whole group in relations with the
German Government; whether in answering questions or
making explanations or in presenting appeals for the exam-
ination of grievances. The plan works very well.
We have only to note in closing that in case a foreign
Government interferes to protect its subjects who live abroad,
it, and not the person whom it defends, is responsible both
for the intervention and the method adopted for making it
effective. The men who criticise missionaries for any such
act of intervention are, in actual fact, bringing a heavy
indictment against the Government as too weak to follow
the wiser policy which such critics profess to have in their
minds.
We cannot leave our subject %vithout suggesting the
attitude of high officers of Government toward missions
revealed in the words of three great American statesmen at
the Ecumenical Conference of 1900.
" Who can estimate their (the missionaries') value to the progress of
nations? Their contribution to the onward and upward march of humanity
is beyond aU calculation."
The Hon. Benjamin Harrison, former President of the

United States:
" I count it a great honor to be called to preside over the deliberations

of this great body. It is to associate one's self with the most influential
and enduring work that is being done in this day of great enterprises."
The Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, Governor of the State of

New York, and now President of the United States:
" You who work, you are teaching others to work. You are not trying to
save people from having to exert the faculties which the Lord gave them.
You are trying to teach them to use them. . . You are doing the
.
greatest work that can be done. It is an honor and a privilege to greet you
here to-night in the name of the great state of New York."
TRAINING SCHOOLS FOR MISSIONARIES

ADVENTIST
Boston Bible School and Ransom Institute,
160 Warren Street, Boston, Mass.
BAPTIST
Baptist Missionary Training School (1881),
2411 Indiana Ave., Chicago, 111.
Baptist Training School for Christian Work,
762 South Tenth Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
CHRISTIAN ALLIANCE
Christian Alliance Missionary Institute (1883),
Nyack, N. Y.
CONGREGATIONAL
Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy,
Hartford, Conn.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL
Chicago Training School for City, Home and Foreign Mis-
sions (1885),
4949 Indiana Ave., Chicago, 111.
Deaconess' Training School,
Grand Rapids, Mich.
Elizabeth Gamble Deaconess' Training School,
Wesley Avenue, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Fisk National Deaconess' Training Institute,
251 Orchard Ave., Kansas City, Mo.
Folts Mission Institute,
Herkimer, N. Y.
Lucy Webb Hayes Bible and Training School,
1140 North Capitol Street, Washington, D. C.
New England Bible Training School,
(for women) under the N. E. Deaconess' Assoc.,
175 Bellevue Street, Longwood, Boston, IMass.
New York Deaconess' Home and Training School (1889),
1175 Madison Ave., New York City.
METHODIST EPISCOPAL SOUTH

Missionary Training School of the ME Chiirch South,
Nashville, Tennessee.
Scaritt Bible and Training School (1892),
Kansas City, Mo.
NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN
Norwegian Lutheran Deaconess' Institute,
1417 East 23rd Street, Minneapolis, Minn.
President, Deaconess Ingeborg Sponland.
PRESBYTERIAN
University of Wooster Bible and Missionary Training
School, for lay workers on the Home and Foreign Field,
Wooster, Ohio.
PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL
Training School for Deaconesses,
228 East 12th Street, New York City.
SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS
American Medical Missionary College (International Med-
ical and Benevolent Miss. Soc),
Chicago, 111.
INTERDENOMINATIONAL
Gordon Bible and Missionary Training School (1888),
Boston, Mass.
International Medical Missionary Institute,
288 Lexington Ave., New York City.
Moody Bible Institute (1889),
80 Institute Place, Chicago, 111.
Training School for Christian Workers,
127-129 East 10th Street, New York City.
Union Missionary Training Institute (1891),
131 Waverly Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Oriental Seminary,
Gowanda, N. Y.
Wînona Bible School,
541 Lexington Ave., New York City.
ROMAN CATHOLIC SOCIETIES AND ORDERS

Africa
In Genebal —Cistercians
(Trappists), Rome.
Company of Mary, St. Laurent, sur Sevre, France.
ABYSSINIA—Lazarists, Paris.
—
ALGERIA Algerian Missionary Society, Algiers.
Basilians, Annonay, France.
BENIN—Âfrican Missionary Society, Lyons.
BRITISH BECHUANALAXD—Oblates of St. Francis de

Sales, Troyes, France.
BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA—Algerian Missionary So-
ciety, Algiers.
CENTRAL AFRICA—African Missionary Society, Verona.
CONGO FREE STATE—Algerian Missionary Society, Al-
giers. Belgian Foreign Missionary Society, Scheut-lez-
Bruxelles. Sacred Heart of Jesus, Rome.
DAHOMEY— African Missionary Society, Lyons.
EGYPT—African Missionary Society, Lyons.
Franciscans, Minor, Rome.
—
ERITREA Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
FERNANDO PO— Children of the Immaculate Heart of
Mary, Spain.
FRENCH COLONIES—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of
Marv, Paris.
FRENCH CONGO—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary,
Paris.
FRENCH GUINEA—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary,
Paris.
GALLAS— Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
GERMAN EAST AFRICA—Algerian Missionary Society,
Algiers.
GERMAN SOUTHWEST AFRICA—Holy Ghost and Sacred
Heart of Mary, Paris.
€rOLD COAST —African
Missionary Society, Lyons.
IVORY COAST—African Missionary Society, Lyons.
—
KAMERUN Pious Society of Missions (Pallotins), Rome.
MADAGASCAR AND ISLANDS—Holy Ghost and Sacred
Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
La Salette, La Salette.
Lazarists, Paris.
Premonstratensians Norbertins ) Rome.
(
NATAL—Oblates
,
of Mary
the Immaculate, Paris.
NIGERIA, SOUTH—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of
Mary, Paris.
ORANGE RIVER COLONY—Oblates of Mary the Immac-
ulate, Paris.
PORTUGUESE WEST AFRICA—Holy Ghost and Sacred
RHODESIA —Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
SAHARA—Algerian Missionary Society, Algiers.
SENEGAMBIA—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary,
Paris.
SEYCHELLES ISLANDS—Franciscans (Minor Capuchins),
Rome.
SIERRE LEONE—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary,
SOUTHERN ZANZIBAR—Basilians of Bavaria, Munich.

SUDAN—Algerian Missionary Society, Algiers.
English Foreign Missionary Society, Mill Hill.
TOGOLAND — Foreign Missionary Society of German-Hol-
land, Steyl, Holland.
(Society of the Divine Word.)
—
TRANSVAAL Oblates of Mary the Immaculate, Paris.
—
TRIPOLI Franciscans, Minor, Rome.
—
TUNIS Algerian Missionary Society, Algiers.
—
UBANGI (Upper Congo) African Missionary Society, Lyons.
—
UGANDA Algerian Missionary Society, Algiers.
ZANZIBAR—Benedictines (St. Ottilien), Bavaria.
Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary, Paris.
AMERICA
AMERICA—Franciscans, Minor, Rome.
Marists, Lyons.
ALASKA—Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
BRITISH COLUMBIA—Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
UNITED STATES—Augustinians, Rome.
Augustinians of the Assumption, Paris.
Benedictines, Monte Casino.
Carmelites, Rome.
Cistercians (Trappists), Rome.
Dominicans, Rome.
Fathers of ^lercy, Paris.
Foreign Missionary Society of German-Holland, Steyl,
Holland (Society of the Divine Word).
Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
Franciscans (Minor Conventuals), Rome.
Holy Cross, Le Mans.
Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary, Paris.
Josephite Society, Baltimore.
Lazarists, Paris.
Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
Oblates of the Sacred Heart, Pontigny, Yonne, France.
Passionists, Rome.
Paulist Fathers, New York.
Pious Society of Missions (Pallotins), Rome.
Precious Blood, Rome.
Premonstratensians Norbertins )
( , Rome.
Redemptorists, Rome.
Resurrectionists, Rome.
Sacred Heart Missionary Fathers, Issoudun.
St. Charles Missionary Fathers, Piacenza.
Salesians of Turin, Turin.
Servites, Rome.
Society of the Divine Savior, Rome.
Sulpicians, Paris.
CANADA
Dominicans, Rome.
Eudist Fathers, Rennes.
Holy Cross, Le Mans.
Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris, France.
Premonstratensians ( Norbertins ) , Rome.
Sulpicians, Paris.
ST. ALBERT—Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
ST. BONIFACE—Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
SASKATCHEWAN—Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
INDIES WEST
—
CURACOA Dominicans, Rome.
—
HAITI Company of Mary, St. Laurent, sur Sevre, France.
JAMAICA —Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
WEST INDIES— Children of Mary Immaculate, Vendee.
SOUTH AMERICA
BRITISH GUIANA^Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
—
CHILE Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
DUTCH GUIANA—Redemptorists, Rome.
FRENCH GUIANA—Holy Ghost and Sacred Heart of Mary,
Paris.
PATAGONIA, North and South— Salesians of Turin, Turin.
SOUTH AMERICA—Pious Society of Missions (Pallotins),
Rome.
ASIA
ARABIA—Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
CHINA—Augustinians, Rome.
Dominicans, Rome.
Belgian Foreign Missionary Society, Scheut-lez-Brux-
eUes.
Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.

German- Holland Foreign Missionary Society (Society of
the Divine Word), Steyl, Holland.
Foreign Missionary Society, Rome.
Milan Foreign Missionary Society, Milan.
Lazarists, Paris.
MONGOLIA—Belgian Foreign Missionary Society, Scheut-
lez-Bruxelles.
—Belgian Foreign Missionary Society, Scheut-lez-Brnx-
ILI
elles.
KOREA—Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
CEYLON
COLOMBO —Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
JAFFNA—Oblates of Mary Immaculate, Paris.
KANDY— Benedictines Sylvestrian ( ) , Rome.
VERAPOLY— Carmelites, Rome.
FRENCH INDO-CHINA
CAMBODIA—Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
—
TONGKINQ Dominicans, Rome.
INDIA
AGRA—Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.

ALLAHABAD—Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
ASSAM—Society of the Divine Savior, Rome.
BOMBAY—Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
BURMA—Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
Milan Foreign Missionary Society, Milan.
COCHIN— Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
COIMBATORE — Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
DACCA—Holy Cross, Le Mans.
HAIDARABAD—^Milan Foreign Missionary Society, Milan.
KAFIRISTAN—English Foreign Missionary Society, Mill
Hill.
KOTAYAM—Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
KRISHNAGAR—^Milan Foreign Missionary Society, Milan.
LAHORE—Franciscans Minor Capuchins Rome.
( ) ,
MADRAS—English Foreign Missionary Society, Mill Hill.

MANGALORE —Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
MYSORE—Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
NAGPUR—St. Francis de Sales of Annecy, Annecy.
PONDICHERRY—Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
POONA—Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
QUILLON—Carmelites, Rome.
TRICHINOPOLI— Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.

WESTERN BENGAL—Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
VIZ AG APAT AM— St. Francis de Sales of Annecy, Annecy.
JAPAN —Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
PERSIA—Lazarists, Paris.
SIAM— Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
TURKEY
ARMENIA—Jesuits, Fiesole, near Florence.
Mechitarists (Benedictines), Venice.
Augustinians of the Assumption, Paris.
BAGDAD—Carmelites, Rome.
JERUSALEM—Algerian Missionary Society, Algiers.
MARDIN—Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
MESOPOTAMIA—Dominicans, Rome.
PALESTINE— Cistercians (Trappists), Rome.
SYRIA —Franciscans, Minor, Rome.
Lazarists, Paris.
EUROPE
ENGLAND—Benedictines, Monte Casino.
Carthusians, Grande-Chartreuse.
Oratorians.
Passionists, Rome.
Servites, Rome.
GREECE — Oblates of St. Francis de Sales, Troyes, France.
NORWAY—Premonstratensians (Norbertins) Rome.
ROUMANIA—Franciscans
,
(Minor Conventuals), Rome.

Passionists, Rome.
TURKEY IN EUROPE
ADRIANOPLE—Franciscans (Minor Conventuals), Rome.
Lazarists, Paris.
—
BULGARIA Lazarists, Paris,
—
CRETE^ Franciscans (Minor Capuchins), Rome.
CONSTANTINOPLE—Franciscans (Minor Conventuals),
Rome.
Lazarists, Paris.
NICOPOLIS—Passionists, Rome.
MALAYSIA
BORNEO—English Foreign Missionary Society, Mill Hill.
MALAYSIA—Paris Foreign Missionary Society, Paris.
NEW GUINEA—Sacred Heart Missionary Fathers, lasou-
dun.
PHILIPPINE ISLANDS—Augustinians, Rome.

Dominicans, Rome.
GERMAN NEW GUINEA— German-Holland For. Miss.
Society (Society of the Divine Word), Steyl, Holland.
OCEANIA
CENTRAL OCEANIA—Marists, Lyons.
FIJI ISLANDS—Marists, Lyons.
HAWAII — Sacred Heart of Picpus, Paris.
MARQUESAS ISLANDS— Sacred Heart of Picpus, Paris.
MELANESIA (Solomon Islands) —Marists, Lyons.
MICRONESIA— Sacred Heart Missionary Fathers, Issoudun.
NEW CALEDONIA—Marists, Lyons.
NEW HEBRIDES—Marists, Lyons.
NEW POMERANIA—Sacred Heart Missionary Fathers,
Issoudun.
—
SAMOA Marists, Lyons.
—
TAHITI Sacred Heart of Picpus, Paris.
AUSTRALIA
COOKTO>VN —Auerustinians, Rome.
Benedictines, Monte Casino.
Pious Society of Missions (Pallotins), Rome.
NEW ZEALAND (Wellington and Christ Church)—Marists,
Lyons.
NUMBER OF VERSIONS OF THE BIBLE

The Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., the distinguished author-
ity on Missionary Science and History, published in 1902, in
Lis "Centennial Survey of Foreign Missions," an authoritative
chronology and history of Bible translation. According to his
summary of results, the number of ancient and standard ver-
sions of the Bible is 22, and the number of modern and mis-
sionary versions is 456, of which 446 were made during the
nineteenth century.
Of these missionary versions 99 are translations of the
whole Bible; 121 are translations of the New Testament, and
236 are translations of a portion only of the Scriptures.
Thirty-nine of these versions, also, are mere transliterations;
as for instance, Turkish in Armenian, and Turkish in Greek
letters, both of Avhich are mere transliterations of the Western
Turki^ version- These transUterations are hardly entitled to
rank among translations of tlie Bible in the same grade as the

versions upon which they are based. At the same time they
may not be ignored, since the labor and cost of printing them
is about the same as in the case of an independent version.
Since these tables were compiled 23 new versions have been
added to the list (most of which are represented by single
Gospels) bringing the total number up to 479 at the beginning
of 1905. These 479 versions are distributed as follows:
African languages 129

American languages 53
Asiatic languages 178
Australasian and Oceanian languages 62
European languages 67
Total 479
Taking the ancient and standard versions together with

the modern and missionary versions, we have a total of 501
versions. Of these 46 are now disused and obsolete. The
number remaining in circulation is 455 versions actively serv-
ing to unify the moral and spiritual ideas of the races.
UNITED STATES POSTAGE RATES TO

FOREIGN COUNTRIES
Domestic postage rates apply to the following: Canada, Cuba, Guam,
Hawaii, Mexico, Panama, Philippine Islands, Porto Rico, Shanghai (China),
Tutuila.
To all foreign countries (including Newfoundland) except those in-
cluded in the above list, the rates of postage are as follows:
Letters per half ounce 5 cents
Postal cards, each 2 cents
Printed matter, per 2 ounces 1 cent
Commercial papers (legal papers, deeds, invoices, bUls of lading
and manuscripts for publication, etc.) packets not over 10 ounces. .5 cents
.
packets in excess of 10 ounces, for each 2 ounces or fraction thereof. 1 cent

.
Samples of merchandise; packets not in excess of 4 ounces ... .2 cents

Registration fee on letters and other articles 8 cents
Under the provisions of the Universal Postal Convention, after Oct. 1,
1907, the rate of letter postage to foreign countries will be five cents for the
first ounce or part of an ounce and three cents for each additional ounce or
fraction of an ounce.
Parcels of mailable merchandise unsealed, and accompanied by a Cus-
tom House declaration (furnished on application at any post office) can be
sent by parcel post to the countries named below at a postage rate of 12
cents for a parcel not exceeding one pound in weight and 12 cents for each
additional pound or fraction thereof.
Parcels may be sent to Jamaica; Barbados; the Bahamas; British
Honduras; British Guiana; the Leeward L«lands and the Windward Islands,
(West Indies); Trinidad; Tobago; Danish West Indies; Mexico; Central
America; Panama; Colombia; Venezuela (Bolivia, Peru and Chile, 20
cents a pound); Newfoundland; Germany; New Zealand; Norway; Hong-
Icpog; Japan wcludijig Korea and Fonuosa,- Great Britaio; Irelaod;
Australia; Denmark and Sweden; also the following places in China;
Peking; Chifu; Tientsin; Shanghai, Nanking; Hankow; Shasi; Soochow;
Hangchow; Foochow; Amoy; Canton; Haihow; Hongkong; Liukungtau;
Ningpo; Swatow; Changsha; Chinkiang; Newchwang; Shanghaikwan
Sungchin; Taiya, and Wuchang.
CABLE AND TELEGRAPH RATES

These rates are from New York City. The address and signature are
included in the chargeable matter, and the length of words is limited to
fifteen letters. When a word is composed of more than fifteen letters,
every additional fifteen or fraction of fifteen letters will be counted as a word.
Per Word
Alexandria (Egypt) $ .60
Argentine Republic 1 00 .
Austria 32
Barbados 91
Bolivia 1 .25
Brazil 85 to 1 .40
Bulgaria 35
Burma 74
Callao (Peru) 1 .25
Cairo (Egypt) 50
Cape Colony (South Africa) 86
Ceylon 76
Chile 1 .25
China 1 .22
Cochin China 1 . 19
Colon 97
Cyprus 50
Demarara 1 . 44
Ecuador 1 . 25
England 25
France 25
Germany 25
Gibraltar 43
Greece 36
Guatemala 55
Havana 15
Hayti 1 . 05 to 1 . 55
Holland 25
India 74
Ireland 25
Italy 31
Jamaica 48
Japan 1 .33
Java 1 . 20
Korea (Seoul) 1 .33
Malta 35
Matanzas 20
Melbourne, Victoria 66
Mexico City 10 words 1 . 75
Nassau (Bahamas) 35
Natal (South Africa) 86
New South Wales 66
New Zealand 66
Orange River Colony 86
Panama 97
Paraguay 1 . 00
PaoADg (Straits Settlements) ,,....,,.., , , 1 . 11
Per Word
Peru $1 .25
Philippine Islands (Luzon, Manila, etc.) 1.12
Other Islands 1 .27
Porto Rico 75
Queensland 66
Roumania 34
Russia (Europe) 43
Russia (Asia) 60
Santo Domingo 1 , 32
Scotland 25
Servia 34
Siam 1 . 05
Singapore 1.11
Spain 38
St. Thomas 96
Switzerland 30
Sydney (N. S. W.) 66
Tangier 45
Tasmania 66
Transvaal 86
Trinidad 98
Turkey (Europe) 37
Turkey (Asia) 45
Uruguay 1 . 00
Venezuela 1 . 50 to 1 . 60
Vera Cruz 10 words 1 . 75
Victoria (Australia) 66
VALUE OF FOREIGN COINS IN AMERICAN MONEY

VALUE OF FOREIGN COIN IN UNITED STATES

GOLD
Country
. ;
The Blue Book of Missions for 19(77 235
THE METRIC SYSTEM OF WEIGHTS AND

MEASURES
Length. —The denominations in practical use are millimetres (mm.)»
centimetres (cm.), metres (m.), and kilometres (km.)
10 mm.=.l cm. 100 cm. = m. 1,000 m. = km. Note. —A decimetre
; 1 ; 1
is10 cm.
Weight. —The denominations in use are grams kilos and tons (g.), (kg.),
(metric tons).
1,000 g.= 1 kg.: 1,000 kg.= 1 metric ton.
—
Capacity. The denominations in use are cubic centimetres (c.c.) and
litres (1.)
1,000 c.c.= 1 1. —
Note. A hectolitre is 100 1. (seldom used).
Relation of capacity and weight to length: A cubic decimetre is a litre,
and a litre of water weighs a kilo.
Equivalents for Current Use.
A metre is about a yard a kilo is about 2 pounds a litre is about a quart
; ;
a centimetre is about i inch; a metric ton is about the same as a ton; a

kilometre is about i mile a cubic centimetre is about a thimbleful a nickel
; ;
weighs about 5 grams.
Approxibiate Equivalent Precise Equivalent

lacre .40 =
= hectare 4047
1 bushel 35. Utres 35.24
1 centimetre =
==
.39 inch 3937
1 cubic centimetre 061 cubic inch
1 cubic foot =
=
.
028
. cubic metre
0610
0283
1 cubic inch 16. cubic centimetre 16 39
1 cubic metre = 35 cubic feet 35 31
.
1 cubic metre = 1.3

= cubic yards
.
1 308
.
1 cubic yard .76 cubic metre

Ifoot =
= 30. centimetres
7645
30.48
IgaUon 3.8 Utres 3.785
1 grain =
= 065
. gram 0648
1 gram 15. grains 15.43
1 hectare =
= 2.5 acres 2 471
.
linch 25. millimetres 25 40

Ikilo =
= 2.2 pounds
.
2.205
1 kilometre .62 mile 6214
1 litre =
= .91 quart (dry) 9081
lUtre 1.1 quart (liquid) 1 .057
1 metre =
= 3.3 feet 3.281
Imile 1.6 kilometres l 609
1 millimetre =
= .039 inch
.
0394
1 ounce (av'd) 28 grams 28 35
1 ounce (Troy) = 31
= 8.8 grams 31.10
.
Ipeck litres 8 809

Ipint =
= .47 litre
.
4732
1 pound .45 kUo 4536
1 quart (dry) =
= 1.1 litres 1.101
1 quart (liquid)
1 sq. centimetre = .95
= .15
Utre
sq. inch
9464
1550
Isq.foot .093 sq. metre 0929
1 sq. inch =
= 6.5 sq. centimetres 6.452
1 sq. metre 1.2 sq. yards 1 196
1 sq. metre, =
= 11. sq.feet 10.76
.
1 sq. yard .84 sq. metre 8361

1 ton (2,000 lbs.) =
= .91 metric ton 9072
1 ton (2,240 lbs.) 1. metric ton .017
1 ton (metric) = 1.1
= .98 ton (2,000) lbs
ton (2,240 lbs.)
1
1 . 102
1 ton (metric) 9842
l^rarA , ,.,..,= .91 metre , , . .9144
236 The Blue Book of Missions tor 1907
GREEK CHURCH (AND RUSSIAN) CALENDAR

A. D. 1907, A. M. 8016
Old Style Holy Days New Style

Jan. The Circumcision ... Jan. 14
Theophany (Epiphany) Jan. 19
Hypapante (Purification) Feb. 15
Carnival Sunday Feb. 17
, . Ash Wednesday
. . Feb. 20
... First Sunday in Lent Feb. 24
Palm Sunday March 31
Good Friday April 5
Easter April 7
... St. George May 6
Ascension Day May 16
Pentecost May 26
. . . Coronation of Emperor* May 27
. . . Holy Ghost May 27
. . . SS. Peter and Paul (Chief Apostles) July 12
. . . First Day of Fast of Theotokos Aug. 14
. . . Transfigvu "îon Aug. 19
. Repose of Theotokos
. . Aug. 28
... St. Alexander Nevsky* Sept. 12
. Nativity of Theotokos
. . Sept. 21
. . . Exaltation of the Cross Sept. 27
. . . Patronage of Theotokos Oct. 14
. . . First Day of Fast of Nativity Nov. 28
. . . Entrance of Theotokos Dec. 4
Conception of Theotokos Dec. 22
1908
Dec. 25 Nativity (Christmas) Jan. 7
Peculiar to Russia.
JEWISH CALENDAR, 1907

Year 5667 1907
Sebat 1 New Moon Jan. 16
Adar 1 New Moon Feb. 15
Nisan 1 New Moon March 16
Nisan 15 Passover March 30
lyar 1 New Moon April 15
lyar 14 Second Passover April 28
Sivan 1 New Moon May 14
Sivan 6 Pentecost May 19
Tammuz 1 New Moon June 13
Tammuz 17 Fast of Tammuz June 29
Ab 1 New Moon July 12
Ab 9 Fast of Ab (Destruct. of Jerusalem) .July 20
Elul 1 New Moon Aug. 11
Year 5668
Tisri 1 N. M. (New Year) Rosh Hashonah .Sept. . 9
Tisri 3 Fast of Gedaliah Sept. 11
Tisri 10 Fast of Atonement (Yom Kippur) Sept. . . . 18
Tisri 15 Feast of Tabernacles Sept. 23
Tisri 22 Feast of Eighth Day Sept. 30
Tisri 23 Feast of Rejoicing with the Law Oct. 1
Heshvan 1 New Moon Oct. 9
Kislev 1 New Moon Nov. 7
Kislev 25 Dedication of the Temple Dec. 1
Tebet 1 New Moon Dec. 6
Tebet 10 Fast of Tebet Dec. 15
1908
Sebat 1 New Moon Jan. 4
The year 5667 is an ordinary lunar year of 354 days.
MOHAMMEDAN CALENDAR, 1907

Year Names of Months Month begins 1907
1324 Dhu'lhijja Jan. 16
1325 Muharram Feb. 14
1325 Safar March 16
1325 Rabia I AprU 14
1325 Rabia II May 14
1325 Jumadhi I June 12
1325 Jumadhi II July 12
1325 Rajab Aug. 10
1325 Shaban Sept. 9
1325 Ramadhan Oct. 8
1325 Shawal 7Nov.
1325 Dhu'lkada Dec. 6
1325 Dhu'lhijja Jan. 5, 1908
—— : :
ORTHOGRAPHY OF FOREIGN GEOGRAPHICAL

NAMES
On this vexed question the British Royal Geographical Society in
1885 proposed a system of transliteration which it follows and which has
been adopted by the American Geographical Society While these rules
are not above criticism, their adoption by these two great societies gives
them a vogue that may well lead Enghsh speaking missionaries to hesitate
before following any other system.*
The rules are the following
1. No change to be made in the spelling of names in countries which
use Roman letters.
2. No change to be made in the spelling of names familiar bj[^ long
usage to Enghsh readers, though belonging to languages not written in the
Roman character; as Calcutta, Cutch, Celebes, Mecca.
3. The true sound of the word as locally pronounced to be taken as
the basis of the spelling.
4. An approximation, however, to the sound is alone aimed at.
5. The broad features of the system are that vowels are ^pronounced
as in Italian, and consonants as in English.
6.^ One accent only is used, the acute, to decide the syllable on- which
stress is laid.
7. Every letter is pronounced. When two vowels come together,
each one is sounded clearly, however rapidly.
8. Indian names are accepted as spelled in Hunter's "Gazetteer."
In detail the rules are as follows
a
e
—o inine
Java, Banana, SomaU, Bari.
father;
Tel-el-Kebir, Olelch, Yezo, Medina, Levtika, Peru.
benefit;
i—English as in ravine; the sound of
e; i in Hindi. ee heet; Fiji ;
o o as in mote; Tokio.
u —long u as in the sound of oo in
flute; Zulu, Sumatra. hoot;
All vowels are shortened in sound by doubUng the following consonant:
Yarra, Tanna, Mecca, Jidda, Bonny.
DoubUng of a vowel is only necessary where there is a distinct repetition
of the single sound: Nuulua, Oosima.
ai —
English i as in ice; Shanghai.
au ow as in how; Fuchau.
ao—sUghtly different from above Macao,
ei — is
;
the sound of the two ItaUan vowels, but is frequently slurred over,
when it is scarcely to be distinguished from ey in the English they;
Beirut, BeiKil.
b—EngUsh h.
c —always soft, but is so nearly the sound of s that it should be seldom
îs
used; Celebes. If Celebes were not already recognized it would be

written Selebes.
—
ch is always soft, as in church; Chingchin.
—
d English d.
i—EngUsh /; ph should not be used for the sound of /; Haifong, Nafa.
—
g is always hard (soft g is given by f) Galdpagos.
h — always pronounced when inserted.
;
is
j— EngUsh Dj should never be put for this sound; Japan, Jinchuen.
j;
k —EngUsh k; should always be put for the hard Korea,
it c;
kh — the Oriental guttural h which cannot be represented by k.
-h — another guttural ^ as in the Turkish Dagh, Ghazi.
is
-as in EngUsh.
?F
ng — ^hastwo separate sounds, one hard as in the EngUsh word finger, the
other as in singer; as these two sounds are rarely employed in the same
locaUty, no attempt is made to distinguish between them.
p —as in EngUsh.
* For assistance in this matter our thanks are due to Mr. Geonce C.
Hurlbut, Librarian of the American Geographical Society.
;
q —should never be employed; qu

"^
is rendered kw; Kwangtung.
r
; in English; Sawdkin.
X
y — îsalways a consonant, as in yard, and therefore should never be used as
a terminal, i or e being substituted. Thus, not Mikindany, but Mikin-
dani not Kwaly, but Kwale.
z —English ;
2; Zulu.
Accents should not generally be used, but where there is a very decided
emphatic syllable or stress, which affects the sound of the word, it should
be marked by an acute accent: Tongatdbu, Galapagos, Palawan, Sardwak.
PROTESTANT MISSIONS TO THE JEWS

{Received too late for insertion in its proper place.)
In April 1870 a meeting of members of ten or more Protes-

tant organizations laboring for the conversion of the Jews was
held in Berlin. It proved so useful that similar conferences
of Jewish missionaries have since been held at Berlin in 1883,
at Barmen in 1890, at xêipzig In 1895, at Cologne in 1900,
and at London in 1903. These coneferences gradually assumed
a general and international character. A seventh Inter-
national Jemsh Missionary Conference was held at Amster-
dam in April, 1906. Representatives from 24 organizations,
in eight different countries, laboring among Jews, were pres-
ent at this seventh conference, including two delegates from
the United States. A general list of Protestant Missions to
the Jews prepared by the Pev. Louis Meyer, of the Chicago
Hebrew Mission, was presented at this meeting. This list
gives brief notes characterizing each mission or society, and
shows the number of such organizations to be 112. These
missions and societies carry on work in 97 centres, and have
their headquarters distributed as follows:
In Great Britain and Ireland, 38; in Germany, 9; in
Switzerland, 2 in France, 1 ; in Holland, 3 in Norway, 1
; ;
in Sweden, 1 in Denmark, 1 ; in Russia, 3 ; in Egypt, 1 ; in

;
South Africa, 3 in Syria, 1 in Aden, Arabia, 1 in India, 3

; ; ;
in Australia, 1 in the United »States, 40 in Canada, 3.

; ;
The report of this important Conference, by Dr. Hermann

Strack, of the Institution Juddicum, Berlin, may be obtained
from the Chicago Hebrew Mission, 22 Solon Place, Chicago.
INDEX
Abbreviations for Names of So- Armenia and India Relief Assoc,
cieties, 201. 148.
Abyssinia, 13, 18. Ashantiland, 20.
Advent Ohrisiian Women's Mis- Asia, population of, 94,
sionary Society, 161. Assam revival, 83.
Afghanistan. 45, 219. Associate Reformed
Presbyterian
Africa, 13-37; Christianity in, 82; Synod of the South, 105.
French education in, 89; Popula- Austral Islands, 72.
tion, 91-93. Australian Methodist Miss. Ass.,
African Methodist Episcopal 68, 70, 71, 72, 141, 193.
Missionary Society, 23, 31, 41, Australian Presbyterian Mis-
44. 101, 189. sionary Society, 59, 193; Wo-
African Methodist Episcopal Zion men's Society, 174.
Cnurch Missionary Society, 101. Australian Board of Missions,
African Training Institute, 122. 141.
Agra, 54, 75. Babis, 60.
Alexandria, 79. Bahrein Islands, 45.
Algeria, 13, 79. Balaghat Mission, 146, 191.
All Nations Miss. Union, 122. Baluchistan, 45.
American Advent Christian Help- Bangkok, 78.
ers' Union, 161. Bantu tribes, 20, 29.
American Advent Missionary Baptist Convention of the Mari-
Union, 101, 189. time Provinces of Canada, 144,
American Baptist Home Mission- 193; Women's Societies, 174.
ary Society, 102; Women's So- Baptist Convention of Ontario and
cieties, 162. Quebec, 40, 144, 193; Women's
American Baptist Missionary Societies, 174.
Union, 14, 48, 52, 58, 62, 68, 102, Baptist Foreign Missionary So-
189, 198. Women's Societies, 162. ciety of New South Wales, 142,
American Bible Society, 177. 193
American Board Commissioners Baptist Miss. Soc, 14, 16, 46, 49, 52,
for Foreign Missions, 14, 32, 33, 123, 191.
34, 37, 46, 48, 52, 58, 64, 69, 71, Baptist Zenana Missionary So-
103, 189, 198. ciety, 49, 53, 171, 191.
Women's Societies, 163. Barotsiland, 33.
American Christian Missionary Basel Evangelical Missionary So-
Society, 104. ciety, 21 49, 53. 160, 196. Women's
,
American Church Missionary So- Society, 177.

ciety, 40, 104. Bastards of South Africa, 20.
American Friends Board of For. Basutoland, 29.
Missions, 15, 44, 64, 104, 189. Batavia, 75.
American Miss. Assoc, 105. Bathoen, 30.
American Ramabai Assoc, 171. Bechuanaland Protectorate, 30.
American Tract Society, 180. Beira, 25, 33.
American Unitarian Assoc, 105. Belgians in Congo State, 16.
Ancestor Worship, 48. Benjaminoff of Moscow, 61.
Berlin Missionary Society, 19, 31,
Angola, 13.
32, 34, 49. 150, 195.; Women's
Angoni, 14. Society, 176.
Animists, Statistics, 89-95. Bethel Santal Mission, 146.
Annam, 51. Betsileo, 24.
Archbishop's Mission to Assyrian Bible in Afghanistan, 45; in Annam,
Christians, 122. 51; in China, 50; in Japan, 57;
Argentina, 39. in Persia, 60; at Singapore, 67.
241
.
242 Index
Bible in Roman Catholic Church, 88; Clmggas, 142.

in Turkey, 64; in Yorubaland, 22. Ciiandarnagar, 51.
Bible Land Missions' Aid Society, Che-kiang, 47.
123. Chile, 41.
Bible Societies, 177, 85, 50. Chi-li, 47.
Bible Translation Society, 179. China, 46, 102, 113; Bible in, 50;
Bible Versions, Number of, 230. education, 50, 100; Japan and,
Bida, 79. 57; largest cities, 75; literati in;
Blantyre, 14. 50; opportunity in, 50; prov-
Blind, Females in China, 176, 195, inces,jj47; progress in, 83, 88; Tibet,
Murray's Mission to, 140. 63.
Bogota, 80. China, Christian Literature Society
Bokhara, 46, 75. for, 182.
Bolivia, 40, 111. China Inland Mission, 124, 191.
Bombay, 54, 75. Chinese Christians in America, 87.
Bonaco Island, 38. Chinese, Society for Diffusion of
Books for Missionary libraries, 215. Christian and General Knowl-
Borneo, 64, 65, 111. edge among, 182.
Boxers, 50. Chinese Turkestan, 47.
Brazil, 40; cities in, 79. Chittagong, 123.
Breklum Miss. Soc, 53, 151, 195. Chota Nagpur, 152.
Brethren in Christ, 105. Christian and Missionary Alliance,
British and Foreign Bible Society, 28, 39, 42, 43, 44, 106, 189.
178. Christian Church, Mission Board of
British Borneo, 64. the, 106. 189; Women's So-
British Central Africa, 14. cieties, 164.
British E. Africa Protectorate, 14. Christian Faith, Society for Ad-
British Guiana, 40. vancing, 125.
British Honduras, 38. Christianity gives initiative, 32.
British Society for Propagation of Christian Knowledge, Society for
the Gospel among the Jews, 64, Promoting, 181.
124. Christian liiterature, 177.
British Somaliland, 15. Christian Literature Social y for
British S. Africa Company, 28, 33. China, 182.
British Syrian Mission Schools, 64, Christian Literature Society for
172, 191. India, 183.
Buddhism, 46; opposition, 61; Christian Mission (PB), 125, 191.
statistics, 95. Christian School of Arts and Crafts,
Buenos Aires, 79. 148.
Bulawayo, 33. Christian Womei^'s Board of Mis-
Bureau of Missions, 188. sions, 164, 189.
Burma, 52, 55. Chronology of Missions, 206.
Cable Telegraph Rates, 232. Church Miss. Soc, 15. 17, 19, 24,
Cairo, 79; conference at, 82. 25, 28, 35, 46, 49, 53, 58, 60, 64,
Calcutta, 54, 75. 125. 191.
Calendar, Greek and Russian, 236; Church of England in Canada, 145.
Jewish, 237; Mohammedan, 237. Church of England Zenana Mis-
Cambodia, 51. sionary Society, 46, 49, 53, 58,
Canadian Bible Society, 179. 67, 125. 172, 191.
Canton, 75. Church of Scotland Foreign Mis-
Cape Colony, 31. sions, 14,15; Jews, Committee of,
Cape Town, 79. 64; Woman's Association, 173.
Cape de Verde Islands, 26. Coins, Foreign; value of, 233, 234.
Caracas, 80. Colombia, 41.
Central America, 38 Col. and Con. Church Soc. 126.
Central American Missionary So- Colonial Misaionary Society, 127.
ciety, 38, 39, 105, 190. Conferences of Foreign Mission-
Central Morocco Mission, 124. ary Societies, 186; in Germany,
Ceylon, 46. 213
Ceylon and India General Mission, Congo Free State, 16, 37, 82, 87;
124. atrocities in. 16, 101
Chaco of Paraguay, 42. Congregational Home Missionary
Chad Lake. 21, 24. Society. 106.
Index 243
Constantinople, 84. Trench Congo, 18.

Converts work for Christ, 86. French Guiana, 42.
Cook Iblands, 71. French Guinea, 18.
Corisco Island, 26. French India, 51.
Costa Rica, 38. French Indo-China, 51,
Cuba, 44. French Somaliland, 19.
Cumberland Presbyterian Board, Friends' Africa Industrial Mission,
107, 189; Woman's Board, 165. 15, 148.
Dahomey, 16. Friends' For. Mis. Ass. 23 128, 191.
, ,
Dalai Lama, 62. Friendly Islands, 72.

Danish-Halle Mission, 142. Furreedpore Mission, 142, 193.
Danish ^liss. Soc, 149, 195. Gallas. 15, 137.
Danish (United) Evangelical Gambia, 19.
Lutheran Church in America, 107. Gambler Islands, "^
Dar es Salam, 138. General EvangeUcal Protestant
Deaconess Institute, Kaiserwerth, Missionary Society (German),
176. 49 58, 152, 195.
Deaconesses in Togoland, 35. German Baptists of Berlin, 22, 151,
Dennis, Rev. James S., 230. 195.
Dublin University Mission to Chota German Baptist Brethren Church,
Nagpur, 127. 109. 190.
Durban, 79. German East Africa, 19.
Dutch East Indies, 65; Moham- German E. Africa Miss. Soc, 19,
medanism in, 85. 152, 195.
Dutch Guiana (Surinam), 41. German EvangeUcal Synod of
East India Company, 219. North America, 109, 225.
Ecuador, 42. German Mission to the Blind in
Edinburgh Medical Missionary Soci- China, 176, 195.
ety, 64 127. German South West Africa, 20.
Egypt, 17. German Woman's Society for Ed-
Egypt, Association for the Fur- ucation of Women in the East,
therance of Christianity in, 127. 176, 195.
Egypt General Mission, 17, 127, 191. Germany. Missionary Conferences,
Egypt; Union for the Prop, of the 213; missionary news, 215; year
Gospel in, 157, 196. book of missions, 214.
Elim, 149. Gilbert Islands, 70.
ElUce Islands, 72. Gold Coast Colony, 20, 148.
Episcopal Church of Scotland. Gospel .suited to all, 85.
Missions of, 31, 132. Gospel Miss. Union, 24, 42, 109.
Eritrea, 18. Gossner Miss. Soc, 53. 152, 195.
Ermelo Missionarv Society, 157. Governments and Missions, 218.
Ethiopian Movement, 20, 31, 34. Great Britain, government attitude
Europeans in Mission fields, 33. on missions to MusUms, 219.
EvangeUcal Association, 107, 189. Growth a test of missions, 81.
Woman's Society, 165. Guam, 70.
Famine, 30. 33. Guatemala, 38.
Federated Malay States, 66. Hainan Island, 47.
Fernando Po Island, 26. Haiti, 44.
Fez, 79. Hannington, Bishop, 219.
Fields, choice of, 11. Hannover Free Church Missionary
Fiji Islands, 71. Society, 153, 19.5.
Finnish Miss. Soc, 20, 49, 150, 195. Harrison, Benjamin, 222.
Fo-kien, 47. Harvard Missionary Society, 109.
Foreign Christian Missionary So- Hauge's Synod China Mission, 109,
ciety, 44. 64, 68. 108 190; Mis- 190.
sions in Europe, 198. Hawaii ,69.
Formosa. 56 Hawaiian Evangelical Association,
Fourah Ba>' College. 28. 110: Women's Board, 164.
Free Bantist General Conference, Hephzibah Faith Mission, 110, 190.
108, 189; Woman's Society, 165. Hereros. 20.
Free MethodistMissionary So- Hermannsburg Missionaiy Society,
ciety of North America, 25. 32, 31, 32, 34, 53, 153, 195.
]08, 189; Woman's Society. 165. Hervey Islands 71.
244 Index
Hindiiism, weakness of, 55, 56; Kan-8u, 47.

numerical strength of, 97. Karikal, 51.
Holiness Union, 159. Khama, 30.
Home Missions, Canada, 145; Khiva, 68.
United States, 101, 102, 104, 105, Kiang-si, 47.
106,107,108,109, 110. 112, 114, Kiang-su, 47.
116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 161, Kiel China Mission, 153.
162, 164, 165, 166. 167, 169, 170. Kols, lu2.
Ho-nan, 47. Korea, 68. 59, 84, 113;
Honduras, 38. Kumiai v^hurches, 103.
Honolulu, 84. Kurku and Central Indian Hill
Hottentots, 20. Mission, 129.
Hu-nan, 47. twala Lumpor, 78.
Hu-pei, 47. wang-si, 47.
Ik-vrezi Lamaci Mission, 128. wang-tung, 47.
Ilorin, 79. Kwai-chau, 47.
India, 51, 83, 132; cities in, 55; Labaree, B. W., 60.
National Missionary Society, 87; Labrador. 132.
mutiny, 220; religions in 55, 88. Lagos, 22,25,
Indian Home Mission to the San- Laos, 51, 62.
tals, 146. 194. Largest Cities, population of, 73.
Industrial and Evang. Mission, Lebanon Hosoital for the Insane,
India, 146.. 129.
Industrial Miss. Aid Soc, 148. Leeward Isl.ands (Polynesia), 72.
Insane Hospital, 129. Lieozis; 'Missionary Society, 19,
Interdenominational Conference in 53, 154 105; Woman's Society, 177.
South Africa, 34. Lepers in India and the East, 148;
International Medical Missionary in Jerusalem and elsewhere, 148.
Society, 110. Lhasa. 62.
International Missionary Union, Liberia, 22.
187. Likoma Island. 14.
Italian Somaliland, 21. Lima, 80.
Italy, cities in, 73; missions in, 198. Liquor tr.ade, 22, 26.
Ivory Coast, 21. London Jews Society, 17, 36, 60,
Jaffa Medical Mission and Hospi- 64, 129.
tal, 129, 191. London ^Missionary Society, 23,
Jamaica Baotist Missionary So- 31, 33, 6S, 70, 71, 72, 130, 191.
ciety, 39, 147, 194. Loveathal's Llission, 149, 195.
Jamaica Church of England, 147, Loya'ty Is'r'n.^s. 70.
194. Liith^.rin United Synod of the South,
Japan, 56, 84, 102, 113; Buddhism 112, 193.
in, 88; cities in, 77; Korea and, L thor in ("'ree '^'hurch) Board of
59; strategic value, 57. is«i ns. 11 t19').
.
Java Committee, 66, 157, 196. Lutheran "^fncral Coun^îl in N. A.,

Jerusalem and the East Mission, Foreign lissi 'ns. 111, 190; Wo-
129. men's >o' ietv, 161.
Jerusalem Society, 153, 195. Lutheran Chun h of U. S. A.
Jews: British Society for the (General Si/nod), 23, 111, 190. _
Propagation of the Gospel amonn;, Lutheran Joint Synod of Ohio
124; Church of Scotland Missir^n and other States, Foreign Mis-
to. 131; London Society to, 129; sions, 111.
Mildmay Mission to, 131; Pres- Lushai Hills, 123.
byterian Church of England R?is- Ma-Donald, Gen., 62.
sion to, 127; Presbyterian ^hnrr-h Madagas ar, 23; exiles from, 42.
in Ireland Mission to. 123; Pro- Madras 54, 75.
testant Missions to, 239. Mahe, 51.
Johannesburg, 79. Mahdi, 35.
Kaiserwerth Deaconess Society. Malabar, 54, 160.
17, 176. Malacca, 67.
Kaiser Wilhelm's land, 67. Malay Peninsula, 66.
Kamerun, 21, 148. Managua, 39.
Kandas, 154. Manchuria, 47, 134, 149.
Kauo, 79. Manila, 78.
Index 245
Mare, 70. National Baptist Convention, 31,

Marshall Islands, 70. 32, 41, 44, 114.
Marquesas Islands, 72. Native Workers, 73, 81, 86.
Matabililand, 33. Neesima, Joseph, 57.
Mauritius, 24. Negro problem in S. Africa, 29.
McKinley, William, 222. Nepal, 59.
Medical Miss. Ass. of London, 130. Nestorians. 122.
Medical Mission Union, 154. Netherlands Bible Society, 180.
Melanesia, 69, 94. Netherlands Miss. Soc. 66, 157, 196.
Melanesian Mission, 70, 130, 143. Netherlands Mennonite Mission-
Mengo, 37. ary Society, 66. 157. 196.
Mennonite Mission Board, 112. Netherlands Missionary Union, 66,
Mennonite Union (.Holland), 157, 158, 196.
196 Netherlands Reformed Church Mis-
Methodist Church in Canada, 145, 193; sionary Society, 66. 157, 196.
Women's Societies, 175. Neuendettelsau Missionary Soci-
Methodist Episcopal Missionary ety, 68. 155. 195.
Society (U. S. A.), 14, 23, 25, Neuenkirchen Mission Institute, 15,
33, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 59, 64, 68, 155, 195.
67, 68, 112, 190; Women's Soci- New England Company, 132.
eties, 166. New Guinea, 67. 158.
Methodist Episcopal (South) Mis- New Jerusalem in U. S. A., 114.
sionary Society, 40, 59, 113, 190, Ngan-hwei. 47.
Women's Societies, 166. New Zealand Bapt. Miss. Soc, 144,
Methodist Miss. Soc. of Australasia, 194.
68. 70, 71. 72. 141. Nicaragua, 39.
Methodist New Connexion Mis- Nicolai, Bishop, 57.
sionary Society, 131, 191; Wom- Niger River, 24.
en's Auxiliary, 172. Nigeria, 24, 137.
Methodist Protestant Church Board Norfolk Island, 143.
of Missions. 114, 191; Women's North Africa Mission, 13, 24, 36,
Society, 167. 132. 191.
Metric System, 235. North China Mission, 132. 191.
Mexico, 37; cities, 80t North German Miss. Soc. 35, 156,
Micronesia, 70, 94. 195.
Mildmay Institutions and Mis- North India School of Medicine,
sions, 130; Women Workers, 172. 115, 132, 175.
Mindanao, 104. Norwegian Church Mission of
Mission Boards of the United Schreuder, 158, 196.
States and Canada, Annual Norwegian Lutheran Church in
Conference of, 187. America, 115.
Missionaries and Governments, 218. Norwegian Lutheran China Mis-
Missionary Pence Ass., 122. sion Association, 49, 158, 196.
Miss Trotter's Miasion Schools, 13. Norwegian Missionary Society, 23,
Mohanunedanism. Africa, 15. 21, 32, 158, 196.
35: Converts, 66; governments' Nyassa Lake, 14. 20.
attitude, 27, 35. 220; India. 56; Nyassa Industrial Mission, 133, 192.
Persia. 60; South America, 40; Obock, 19.
Turkey, 64. Oceania. 69, 81; Population of, 94.
Mongolia, 47. Oman, 59.
Montevideo, 80. Oran. 79.
Moody Bible Inst. Colportage Ass., Orange River Colony, 32.
181. Orthography, Geographical, 238.
Moravian Missionary Work, 19, 31, Otago Bible Society, 180.
40, 41, 114. 131,154, 195. Outposts, value of, 11.
Mormons, 69, 94. Ovambo tribes, 20.
Morocco, 24. power, 32.
Moskito Coast. 39. Pagan revival, 26, 34;
Mulgrave Island, 149. Palestine and Lebanon Nurses*
Murray's Mission to the Blind in Mission, 172.
China, 125,191. Panama, 39.
Namaquas, 20. Papuan Industries, 68, 149.
Natal, 31, 80. 82. Paraguay, 42.
246 Index
Paris Evangelical Society, 18, 23, Punjab, 219.

27, 29, 33, 42. 70, 72, 150, 195. Qua Iboe Mission, 133, 192,
Patagonia, 113. Queensland Bapt. Miss, Soc, 142,
Pemba Island, 15. 193.
Penang, 66. Ranaghat Medical Mission, 147.
Peshawar, 219, Reformed Church in America, 45,
Persia, 59. 64, 117, 190; Women's Societies,
Peru, 43. 169.
Philafrican Mission, 14, Reformed Church in America
Philippine Islands, 68. Board of Domestic Missions,
Plymouth Brethren, 13, 16, 31, 32, 117; Women's Ex. Com., 169.
37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 49, 52, 67, 125, Reformed Church in U. S. (German),
191. 118, 190; Women's Societies, 170.
Polygamy, 21. Reformed Churches in the Nether-
Polynesia, 71, 94. lands, 157, 196.
Pondicherry, 51, 54. Reformed Episcopal Church .n the
Pongas Mission, 19, United States, 118.
Poona and Indian Village Mission, Reformed Presbyterian Church in
147. Ireland 128.
Population tables: Africa, 91; Reformed Presbyterian Church of
Asia, 94; largest cities, 73; N. A., 64, 119, 191.
Malaysia, 95; Melanesia, 96; Reformed Presbyterian Church of
Micronesia, 96; Polynesia, 96; Scotland, 132.
World, 97. Regions Beyond Missionary
Port Louis, 79. Union, 39, 43, 133, 192.
Porto Novo, 17, Religions of the World, 95.
Porto Rico, 45. Religious Tract Society, 182.
Port of Spain, 80, Rhen. Miss. Soc, 20, 31, 66, 68, 156,
Portuguese East Africa, 25. 195.
Portuguese Guinea, 26,
Postage Rates, 231. Rhodesia, 33.
Presbyterian Church in Australia, Rights of Missionaries, 219.
142, 193; Women's Society, 174. Rio de Oro, 26.
Presbyterian Church in Canada Rio Muni, 26.
Foreign Missionary Society, 40, Roatan Island, 38.
59, 145, 193; Women's Society, Roman Catholic Missions: Al-
175. geria, 13; Angola, 14; British
Presbyterian Church of England, East Africa Protectorate, 15;
67, 127, 128; Women's Society, Congo Free State, 16; Daho-
172, 192. mey, 16; Egypt, 17; Eritrea,
Presbyterian Church in Ireland 18; French Congo, 18; French
Foreign Missions, 128, 192. Guinea, 19; German East Afri-
Presbyterian Church in New Zeal- ca, 19; German South West
and, 144, 193. Africa, 20; Gold Coast Colony,
Presbyterian Board (N) Foreign 21; Kamerun, 21; Lagos, 22;
Missions, 18, 21, 26, 38, 40, 41, 43, Mauritius, 24; Nigeria, 25;
59, 60, 62, 64, 68, 69, 115, 190; Portuguese East Africa, 25;
Women's Societies, 167, 168. Portuguese Guinea, 26; Rio
Presbyterian Board (N) Home Muni, 26; Sahara, 27; Sierra
Missions, 116; Women's Soci- Leone, 28; Basutoland, 29;
ety, 169. Cape Colony, 31; Togoland, 35;
Presbyterian (S) Foreign Mis- Uganda, 26; French Guiana,
sionary Society, 40, 44, 59, 116, 42; Ceylon, 46; China, 48;
190. French India, 51; French Indo-
Primitive Meth. Miss, Soc, 26, China, 51; India, 54; Japan,
117, 133, 192. 56; Korea, 59: Persia, 60;
Progress in Mission Field, 80; its Turkey, 63; Dutch East Indies,
meaning, 90. 65; Malay Peninsula, 67; New
Protection of Missionaries, 219. Guinea, 68: Melanesia, 69; Gil-
Protestant Episcopal Domestic and bert Islands, 70; Fiji Islands,
Foreign Missionary Society, 23, 70; French Polynesia, 72; So-
44, 68, 117, 190; Women's Aux- cieties and Orders engaged in.
iliary, 169. Missions, 224,
Index 247
Roman Catholic versions of the S. Africa General Miss. Soc, 32,

Bible, 89. 136, 192.
Roosevelt, Theodore, 223. South African Wesleyan Methodist
Rosario, 79. Miss. Soc, 140.
Roumania, 74. South America Evangelical Mis-
Russia, 60; cities in Asiatic, 78. sionary Society, 39, 40, 43, 136,
Russian Church Missions, 57, 61. 192.
Russo-Japanese War, 57. South American Missionary So-
Sahara, 27. ciety, 39, 40, 41. 42, 136, 192.
Salvador, 39. South Australian Baptist Mis-
Salvation Army, 31, 39, 46, 183. sionary Society, 143
Samarang, 75. Southern Baptist Convention, 40,
Samoa, 71. 119, 190; Women's Society-, 170,
Sangir and Talaut Island Mis- Southern Morocco Mission, 1^6, 192.
sionary Committee, 66. Spain, cities in, 74.
Santiago, Chile, 80. Stanley, H. M., 36.
Santo Domingo, Republic of, 44. Statistics of the Religions of the
Scandinavian Alliance of N. A., —
World, 95 of Foreign Missionary
119, 190. Societies, 189.
Scotland, Foreign Missionary Com- Straits Settlements, 66.
mittee of the Church of, 134, Strategic Points in Missions, 11, 28.
192; Jews, Committee of, 134; Strict Baptist Mission, 136.
Women's Association, 173. Student Volunteer Movement, 89,
Scotland, National Bible Society 184.
of, 179. Sudan, 34, 89; western, 27, 34, 37.
Scotland, Foreign Mission Com- Sudan Pioneer Missionary Society
mittee of the Reformed Presby- (German), 17, 156.
terian Church of, 134. Siidan United Mission, 120, 137,
Scotland, Foreign Mission Com- 146.
mittee of the United Free Church Sumatra, 85, 144.
of, 134, 192: Women's Foreign Surabaya, 75.
Missions of the, 173. Surinam, 41.
Scotland, Episcopal Church in, 135. Swedish Church Missionary So-
Sebele, 30. ciety, 32, 53, 159, 196; Women's
Senegal, 27. Society, 159.
Senegambia, 27. Swedish Mission m China, 160.
Seoul, 77. Swedish Evangelical Mission Cove-
Seventh Day Adventist General nant in America, 120.
Conference, 39, 40, 41, 64, 69, Swedish Evangelical National So-
119, 190. ciety, 18, 53, 159, 196.
Seventh Day Bapt. Miss. Soc, 119, Swedish P'emale Mission Workers,
190. 36, 177.
Shan-si, 47. Swedish Holiness Union, 32, 159,
Shan-tung, 47. Swed. Miss. Soc, 13, 60, 159, 196.
Shen-si, 47. Swiss Romande Missionary Society,
Siam, 61 25, 34, 161, 196.
Sierra "Leone, 27. Sze-chwan, 47.
Sierra Leone Mission, 135. Tabeetha Mission, Jaffa, 173.
Tahiti, 72.
Singapore, 66, 67.
Great Britian and
Tanganyika Lake, 19.
Societies in
Tanta, 79.
Ireland 122, 191. Tasmanian Miss. Soc, 144.
Society for the Propagation of the Tea culture, 156.
Gospel, 18, 23. 24, 25, 31. 32, 40, Telegraph and cable rates, 232.
46, 59, 62, 65, 67, 68, 135, 191. Tibet, 47, 62, 219.
Society Islands, 72. Togoland, 35.
Societies in the United States, 101, Tokelau Islands, 72.
189. Tonga Islands' 72.
Sokoto, 25. Tong-king, 51.
South Africa, 28, 34. Torres Straits, 149.
South Africa Dutch Ref. Church, Training Schools for Missionaries
14, 139; in Orange River Colony, 223.
140. Tranquebar, 142.
248 Index
Transvaal, 34, 80. War between Japan and Russia,

Tripoli. 36. 57, 134.
Tunis, 36, 79. Warneck, Prof., 213, 214.
Turkey, 63; cities in, 78. Welsh Calvinistic Methodist For-
Tuamotu Islands, 72. eign Missions, 138, 192.
Uganda, 36, 126. Wesleyan Methodist Connexion of
Ujntali. 33. America, 28, 121.
Unanga, 25. Wesleyan Methodist Missionary
Union for the Propagation of the Society, 16, 19, 25, 28, 31, 35, 38,
Gospel in Egypt, 157, 196. 40, 44, 46, 138, 192; Women's
Unitarian Association, 137. Society, 173.
United Brethren in Christ, Foreign Western Australian Missionary So-
Miss. Society of, 28, 190, 120; ciety, 143.
Women's Societies, 170; Home Women's Committees for the
Miss. Society, 120. United Study of Missions, 187.
United Evangelical Home and Woman's Union Missionary So-
Foreign Missions, 190, 121; Wom- ciety of America for Heathen
en's Society, 170. Lands, 19, 171, 190.
United Free Church of Scotland, Workingmen, Mission to, 116.
14, 15, 25, 31 32, 64 J34, 192; Wrongs by white men, 34.
Women's Society, 173. Yakoba, 79.
United Methodist Free Churches, Yale Foreign Miss. Soc, 121.
28, 137, 192. Yanaon, 51.
United Presbyterian Church of Yao tribes, 14.
North America, 17, 35, 121, 190; Yorubaland, 22.
Women's Society, 170. Younghusband, Col., 62.
United Society for Christian En- Young Men's Christian Associa-
deavor, 184. tion, 184.
United States Foreign Postage Young Men's For. Miss. Soc., 139.
Rates, 231. Young People's Missionary Move-
Universities Mission to Central ment, 184.
Africa, 14, 15, 25, 138, 192. Young Women's Christian Associa-
Uruguay, 43. tion, 185.
Utrecht Miss. Soc, 66, 68, 158, 196. Yun-nan, 47.
Valparaiso, 80. Zambesi Industrial Mission, 14, 139.
Value of Foreign Coins in American Zambesi River, 33.
Money, 233, 234. Zanzibar, 15, 79.
Venezuela, 43. Zenana Bible and Medical Mission,
Verapoli, 54. 174, 192.
Versions of the Bible, 230-.
Victorian Baptist Foreign Mission-
ary Society, 143, 192.
:
I By ARTHUR T. PIERSON, D.D. 1
Tbe Miracles of Missions

j
FIR8X SBRIHS
Intensely interesting marvels and tales of i
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CONTENTS J
The Apostles of the Sonth Seal The Syrian Martyr 3
Among the Wynds of Glasgow The land of tl 5 White Elephant
J
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Tbe Converts and Martyrs of Uganda i
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The Story of Tahiti Livingstone's Body Guard
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BV 2050 .D99b 1907

Thfblue book of missions

REV. HENRY OTIS D WIGHT, LL.D.

for the Bureau of Missions

FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY

and a memorandum of Bible versions has been added. A

they suggest, rather than narrate, the energy and Christian

The Fields: page

Abbreviations for Names of Missionary Societies. 201

"There is never a year in which it cannot be said that the

by Governments seeking to extend the sphere of their com-

effort elsewhere.Outposts serve as effectual centers in

Roman Catholic Missions are under control of the order of

The Protestant Societies are the ABCFM, the BMS, the

have 46 staitions and out-stations; 50 schools of all grades;

dispensaries ; 2 printing houses, and 17,046 professed Chris-

of Zanzibar and Pemba, ruled by their native Sultans under

scholars; 3 hospitals or dispensaries; 1 printing house, and

Congo Independent State: A

25,697 professed Christians, of whom 15,000 are communi-

ments. The Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society, with a

printing establishment at Alexandria, which will publish

Eritrea: An Italian colony in East Africa, bordering

pers, 320,000; Christians, 30,000 (Roman CathoUcs, 17,000;

still little known. Religions (any numbers given -are of the

ish worshippers are said to number about 6,000,000; Mo-

by the Pongas Mission, a West Indian mission undertaken

50,000; Mohammedans, 35,000; Christians, 5,600 (Protes-

Church Missionary Society, and the Univei'sities Mission.

Population (1901), 1,486,000, of whom 650 are Eui'opeans.

sions are those of the Basel Society, the German Baptists

a Christian means much more than to make professions.

which but a narrow strip is effectively administered by the

Comoro Is.),about 227,750 square miles. Population

less for special industrial or normal training. The effect of

the State is Mohammedanism, with about 5,000,000 adher-

or dispensaries, and 220 scholai-s under instruction. There

are constantly encouraged by inquiry as to the doctrines of

320,000; Southern Nigeria, 50,000). Population, about 25,-

and out-stations; 76 schools, with 1,759 pupils; 1 hospital;

country by Portuguese and other commercial companies,

stations; 3 missionaries; 4 native workers, and 100 pro-

among French officials, is a barrier against residence by

West Coast of Africa, formerly a depot for slaves, freed

tion of civilization or the evangelization of the African

manifest destiny of fellow citizenship, hoping that a broad,

Commissioner for South Africa. Population (1903), 348,-

of whom 1,500 are communicants. 3. Basutoland forms a

The Blue Book of Missions for 1907 31'

adopt the "Ethiopian church" theory. All these inflnences

Mohammedans, 21,000; Jews, 4,000; Christians, 1,141,000

Hindus, 30,000; Buddhists and Confucianists, 12.000;

and 7 native clergy; 55 schools and 5 other charitable estab-

and 26,000 native professed Christians, of whom 15,585 are

The native population, wliich had tended to gather in

medans, 1,500; Hindus, 1,000; Jews, 1,000; Christians

line has been carried to Victoria Falls on the Zambesi. All

Egyptian rule. Its area is about 950,000 square miles (the

during 1903. This is the second such station in the mission,

Tripoli (Africa): A province of Turkey, adjoining

of H. M. Stanley, the explorer (in 1875). His report led

Protestants, 40,445; Jews, 8,972; other religions, 61,900.