VIVA QUESTIONS FOR ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LAB

1. State different types of Digital modulation techniques?

2. What is shift keying?
3. What is a binary modulation technique?
4. Define ASK?
5. Define FSK?
6. Define PSK?
7. Define QPSK and DPSK?
8. Why QPSK is called quadrature shift keying?
9. Define TDMA?
10. What are applications of shift keying?
11. Define FDM?
12. State the applications of multiplexing?
13. State the principle of PLL?
14. State coherent detection?
15. State non-coherent detection?
16. Differentiate between DPSK and QPSK?
17. What is an M-Array data transmission?
18. What is a standing wave?
19. Define reflection and transmission co-efficient?
20. State different types of losses in transmission lines
21. Define modes?
22. What is the range of microwaves?
23. What is the advantage of waveguides?
24. Define VSWR?
25. Define Isolator?
26. What is the principle of Directional coupler?
27. State different types of Directional couplers?
28. What is a Klystron?
29. State the classification of microwave tubes?
30. What are O-type and M-type tubes?
31. State application of klystron?

32. State the mechanism of oscillation in klystron?

33. How modulation occurs in reflex klystron?
34. State two methods to find VSWR?
35. Define the principle of slotted line carriage?
36. Differentiate between normal and expanded SWR?
37. What type of frequency meter is used in Laboratory?
38. Define directivity, radiation efficiency, beam width and bandwidth of an antenna?
39. What are the radiation patterns for Horn antenna, parabolic antenna?
40. State the formula to find directivity for an antenna?
41. What are the advantages of using optical fibers?
42. What is the principle of operation of OFC?
43. State the difference between step-index and graded index fiber?
44. State the formula to find the numerical Aperture?
45. What are the different types of losses in OFCS?

Q1. What is multiplexing?

Ans: Multiplexing is method by which multiple analog message signals or digital data streams are
combined into one signal over a shared mediu

Q2. What are different types of multiplexing?

Ans: i) Space-division multiplexing (SDM)
ii) Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM)
iii) Time-division multiplexing (TDM)
iv) Code-division multiplexing (CDM)

Q3. What is TDM?

Ans: TDM is the process of dividing up one communication time slot into smaller time slots.
OR, It is the technique of separating the signal in time is called TDM.

Q4. What do you mean by FDM?

Ans: Frequency division multiplexing is the technique of separating the signal in frequency is reffered
as FDM.

Q5. What is Amplitude shift Keying (ASK) ?

Ans: It is a type of digital modulation in which, the digital data modulates amplitude of the carrier.

Q6. What are different types of digital modulation?

Ans: i) Phase shift keying (PSK)
ii) Frequency shift keying (FSK)
iii) Amplitude shift keying (ASK)

Q7. What is Phase shift keying ( PSK)?

Ans: In this technique, the digital data modulates the phase of the carrier.

Q8. What is Frequency shift keying (FSK) ?

Ans: In this technique, the digital data modulates the frequency of the carrier.

Q9. What is Binary Phase shift Keying (BPSK) ?

Ans: In BPSK, binary symbol 1 and 0 modulate the phase of the carrier.

Q10. What is bandwidth of BPSK signal?

Ans: BW=2fb. where fb=1/Tb.

Q11. What do you mean by Differential Phase Shift Keying

(DPSK)?

Ans: DPSK is differentially coherent modulation method. It does not need a coherent carrier at the
demodulator. The input sequence of binary bits is modified such that the next bit depends upon the
previous bit. In DPSK the phase of the carrier changes only on symbol 1, while in BPSK, phase of the
carrier get changes both at 1 and at 0. So this is the major difference between DPSK and BPSK.

Q12. What is Bandwidth of DPSK?

Ans: BW= fb.

Q13. Show the phase change in DPSK at the digital input

10111101.
Ans: Draw it by yourself with help of your textbook.ANSWER

Q15. Why JK flip-flop is being used in this type if Keying?

Ans: JK flip-flop is used in this type of keying in order to separate the even an odd bits according to
the digital inputs.

Q16. What are the advantages over other types of keying?

Ans: i) The BW required by QPSK is just half of the BPSK.
ii) The information transmission rate is higher.
iii) Carrier power remains constant.

Q17. What is a GUNN DIODE?

Ans: Gunn diode is a bulk semiconductor device, normally made up of N-type semiconductor.

Q18. How would you find the propagation loss for two
different known length and voltage of optical fiber.
Ans: Propagation loss= 10/(L1-L2) log V2/V1 .
Where L1,L2 are length of two different optical fiber and V2 and V1 are the voltages across it.

Q19. What is the used formula to find out the bending loss
for an optical fiber?
Ans: There is no any fixed formula to find so, bending loss is the relation between the voltages (V) to

the diameter (d) of bended optical fiber.