1.

STUDY OF UNLOADED AND LOADED TRANSMISSION LINE

AIM:
This experiment is to study and understand the following
1. Ferranti Effect in an unloaded transmission line.
2. To study the effect of loading of the transmission line
3. To understand the effect of compensation in transmission lines.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
Transmission Line Simulator, Three Phase Supply

TRANSMISSION LINE SETTINGS:

1. Set simulation kit of transmission line as per the input data:
(a) Type of conductor : Twin Moose
(b) Voltage level: 400kV
(c) Line length in km: 300
(d) Number of pi section: 12
2. Ensure that the load end contractor is off.
3. Open the graphical user interface in the remote system by invoking the program TLS.exe
on the desktop.
4. Set the R L and C values of the the line in each pi section using the switches on the
panel. (Position of the switch - UP is Connected, DOWN is Disconnected)
5. Ensure that AUTO MODE is OFF in the remote system. If AUTO MODE is ON the
system can be controlled only from the remote system.

STUDY OF FERRANTI EFFECT

Procedure:
1. Switch on the main supply and the line input supply.
2. Slowly increase and adjust the sending voltage to measure 110V, line to line.
3. Note the sending end and receiving end voltages and currents.
4. Observe that the terminal voltage is more than the sending end voltage.
OBSERVATION:

S.No

Measurement

Sending end current

Receiving end current

Sending end Voltage

Receiving end Voltage

Value (V/A)
375

109
114

STUDY OF LOADING OF A TRANSMISSION LINE

Procedure:
1. Switch on the main supply and the line input supply.
2. Slowly increase and adjust the sending voltage to measure 110V, line to line.
3. Switch on the load side contactor
4. Connect the resistive and the inductive load one by one.
5. Vary the load side dimmer to maintain the load side power factor to 0.9.
6. Note down the load side voltage, current, active and reactive power for different load
settings till the load current margin of 0.5 A
7. At every step ensure that the sending end voltage is maintained at 110V.

OBSERVATION:

S.No

Load Current Load Voltage Real Power

(A)

0.1

0.22

0.3

0.48

0.58

Reactive Power

(V)

(W)

(VAR)

110

18.68

19.61

105

23.45

32.6

108

13.4

34.6

96.7

51.6

31.8

90.3

53.2

68

STUDY OF COMPENSATION IN A TRANSMISSION LINE

Procedure:
1. Switch on the main supply and the line input supply.
2. Slowly increase and adjust the sending voltage to measure 110V, line to line.
3. Switch on the load side contactor.
4. Connect the resistive load and the inductive load.
5. Vary the load side dimmer to maintain the load side power factor to 0.9.
6. Note down the load side voltage and current.
7. Switch on the shunt capacitor bank to bring back the receiving end voltage to 0.95. Each
capacitor is 30 F
8. At every step ensure that the sending end voltage is maintained at 110V.
9. Repeat the same procedure for different load setting till the load current is 0.5 A.

OBSERVATION:

S.No Load Current Load Voltage Compensation Load Voltage with Compensation
(A)
1

0.1

0.22

0.3

0.48

0.58

(V)

(F)

(V)

110

30

114

105

60

114

108

60

114

96.7

150

114

90.3

210

114

COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Modelling of Transmission Lines

Ferranti Effect
Skin Effect
Proximity Effect
Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)
Reactive Power Compensation.
Voltage Control.
Power Factor.
Corona Phenomenon