DESKRIPSI CUTTING PEMBORAN

No
1.

Location

Figure
Dolomi
Oolyte

Gabbr

Ignimbri

Description
Oolyte is a type of limestone made of
spherical grains of calcium carbonate.
These are usually about 12mm in
diameter and white or yellow in colour. The
ooliths usually have a concentric structure
and have been formed by a nucleus grain
rolling around in lime-rich shallow sea
water. Sometimes the ooliths are larger,
and the rock is then known as pisolite.
Gabbro is a dark-coloured rock composed
of coarse grains of dark green pyroxene
(augite and lesser amounts of
orthopyroxene), plus white- or greencoloured plagioclase and black millimetresized grains of magnetite and/or ilmenite.
Gabbros occur in thick sills, in uplifted
sections of oceanic crust called ophiolites,
and with cumulate rocks in layered igneous
intrusions. Its grain size among 2 5 mm,
and it has angular shape.
Dolomite is also known as dolostone to
distinguish it from the mineral dolomite,
which is a major constituent. It looks like
limestone but contains more crystalline
material, and does not react with dilute
acid unless finely powdered. Dolomite is
often yellow-grey or brown. It has formed
by the reaction of magnesium-rich fluids
passing through limestone before it has
hardened into a rock. Grain size 0,005 2
mm and very rounded shape.

Sandsto

Ignimbrite is a particular type of tuff

formed when the ash was so hot that any
volcanic glass was re-melted, and so fused
or welded the rock. The glass appears as
deformed, curved shards surrounded by
crystal and rock fragments. Ignimbrite is
deposited by an ash flow a mixture of hot
gases and pyroclastic material that travels
at fast speeds. Ash flows are responsible
for
many casualties during volcanic eruptions.
Grain size 0.0625 2 mm, and sub-angular
shape.
Siltstone is another detrital sedimentary
rock, lying in grain size between sandstone
and mudstone. Like sandstone, it can form
in different environments and have
different colours and textures, but reds and
greys, and planar bedding are typical. Plant
fossils and other carbonaceous matter are
common in darker-coloured siltstones.The
presence of mica mayproduce a flaggy
siltstone. Grain size 0.005 mm 0.1 mm,
and has rounded shape.
Andesite is an intermediate volcanic rock
named after the Andes,
andesite is usually grey coloured and
porphyritic. Plagioclase,
pyroxene, hornblende, and biotite may be
present as phenocrysts, as well as, forming
the finer groundmass. It occurs in the form

2.

Andesi

Basa

of blocky or columnar jointed lava flows.

Basalt is the most common lava in the
Earths crust, forming almost all of the
ocean floor and also large areas on land. It
is a fine-grained rock and, when fresh it is
black in colour, weathering to dark green,
or brown. Some basalts are porphyritic
with feldspar, augite, and olivine
phenocrysts being common. Gas bubble
holes give avesicular texture, and these
may be filled with later minerals, known as
amygdales. The surface of basalt lava may
be ropy and smooth, or blocky and rough.
Sandstone, one of the most common
sedimentary rocks, sandstone is usually
quartz-dominated with visible sandy
grains. These grains may be of various
shapes when viewed with a hand lens.
Well-rounded grains are typical of desert
sandstone, while river sands are usually
angular, and beach sands somewhere in
between. The
colour is also an indication of how the
sandstone formed and can be shades of
white, red, grey, or green. Bedding is often
seen in
sandstones as a series of layers
representing successive deposits of grains.
Bedding surfaces may show other
depositional features, such as ripples.

3.

Plagiocla
se
Sandsto
ne

Greensa
nd

Mudston
e

Greensand, Green-coloured sandstones are

usually the result of the presence of sandsized and smaller grains of the iron mineral
glauconite. They typically weather to a
brown colour on surface exposures. They
are formed in shallow marine conditions
and may contain shell fragments and
larger fossils. Cretaceous and younger
rocks of southern England and North
America have many greensand beds.
Sandstone, one of the most common
sedimentary rocks, sandstone is usually
quartz-dominated with visible sandy
grains. These grains may be of various
shapes when viewed with a hand lens.
Well-rounded grains are typical of desert
sandstone, while river sands are usually
angular, and beach sands somewhere in
between. The
colour is also an indication of how the
sandstone formed and can be shades of
white, red, grey, or green. Bedding is often
seen in
sandstones as a series of layers
representing successive deposits of grains.
Bedding surfaces may show other
depositional features, such as ripples.
Mudstone, a grey or black rock formed
from mud, mudstones contain both detrital
minerals, such as quartz and feldspar, and
clay minerals and carbonaceous matter.
Individual grains,however, are too small to
be seen without a hand lens.
Some mudstones are fossiliferous, others
are calcareous and react with acid.

4.

Andesi

Gabbr
Aglomerat

Silicaston

Gabbro is a dark-coloured rock composed

of coarse grains of dark green pyroxene
(augite and lesser amounts of
orthopyroxene), plus white- or greencoloured plagioclase and black millimetresized grains of magnetite and/or ilmenite.
Gabbros occur in thick sills, in uplifted
sections of oceanic crust called ophiolites,
and with cumulate rocks in layered igneous
intrusions. Its grain size among 2 5 mm,
and it has angular shape.

An agglomerate is a pyroclastic rock in

which coarse, centimetre-scale, rounded to
sub-rounded clasts lie in a matrix of lava or
ash. The clasts themselves may be lava or
pyroclastic rocks, or they may be the
country rocks, which surround and lie
beneath the volcano. Rounding of the
clasts may have occurred in the magma,
during eruption, or by later sedimentary reworking.

Andesite is an intermediate volcanic rock

named after the Andes,
andesite is usually grey coloured and
porphyritic. Plagioclase,
pyroxene, hornblende, and biotite may be
present as phenocrysts, as well as, forming
the finer groundmass. It occurs in the form
of blocky or columnar jointed lava flows.

5.

Dolomi
Gabr

Dunit

Cher

Gabbro is a dark-coloured rock composed

of coarse grains of dark green pyroxene
(augite and lesser amounts of
orthopyroxene), plus white- or greencoloured plagioclase and black millimetresized grains of magnetite and/or ilmenite.
Gabbros occur in thick sills, in uplifted
sections of oceanic crust called ophiolites,
and with cumulate rocks in layered igneous
intrusions. Its grain size among 2 5 mm,
and it has angular shape.
Gabbro is a dark-coloured rock composed
of coarse grains of dark green pyroxene
(augite and lesser amounts of
orthopyroxene), plus white- or greencoloured plagioclase and black millimetresized grains of magnetite and/or ilmenite.
Gabbros occur in thick sills, in uplifted
sections of oceanic crust called ophiolites,
and with cumulate rocks in layered igneous
intrusions. Its grain size among 2 5 mm,
and it has angular shape.
Dolomite is also known as dolostone to
distinguish it from the mineral dolomite,
which is a major constituent. It looks like
limestone but contains more crystalline
material, and does not react with dilute
acid unless finely powdered. Dolomite is
often yellow-grey or brown. It has formed
by the reaction of magnesium-rich fluids
passing through limestone before it has
hardened into a rock. Grain size 0,005 2
mm and very rounded shape.

Dunite, A brown coarse-grained rock

consisting almost entirely of the mineral

olivine, dunite also contains small black
chromite or magnetite grains. In some
countries, if it contains magnetite, it is
known as olivinite. Dunites are found as
cumulate rocks in
layered intrusions and also as pipes and
irregular bodies. Alteration of a dunite by
the addition of water produces
a serpentinite.

6.

Chert, Chert rock composed of the mineral

chalcedony. It is most commonly grey,
white, brown, or black. It breaks along flat
to rounded, smooth surfaces and has a
glassy appearance. It may occur as beds,
or as nodules. Chert forms by precipitation
from silica-rich fluids and colloids and may
fill fractures in lavas.
Dolomite is also known as dolostone to
distinguish it from the mineral dolomite,
which is a major constituent. It looks like
limestone but contains more crystalline
material, and does not react with dilute
acid unless finely powdered. Dolomite is
often yellow-grey or brown. It has formed
by the reaction of magnesium-rich fluids
passing through limestone before it has
hardened into a rock. Grain size 0,005 2
mm and very rounded shape.

Sandsto
Silt Bedding

Dolomi

Sandstone, one of the most common

sedimentary rocks, sandstone is usually
quartz-dominated with visible sandy
grains. These grains may be of various
shapes when viewed with a hand lens.
Well-rounded grains are typical of desert
sandstone, while river sands are usually
angular, and beach sands somewhere in
between. The
colour is also an indication of how the
sandstone formed and can be shades of
white, red, grey, or green. Bedding is often
seen in
sandstones as a series of layers
representing successive deposits of grains.
Bedding surfaces may show other
depositional features, such as ripples.

7.
Ignimbrit

Quartz

Basalt

Basalt is the most common lava in the

Earths crust, forming almost all of the
ocean floor and also large areas on land. It
is a fine-grained rock and, when fresh it is
black in colour, weathering to dark green,
or brown. Some basalts are porphyritic
with feldspar, augite, and olivine
phenocrysts being common. Gas bubble
holes give avesicular texture, and these
may be filled with later minerals, known as
amygdales. The surface of basalt lava may
be ropy and smooth, or blocky and rough.
Ignimbrite is a particular type of tuff
formed when the ash was so hot that any
volcanic glass was re-melted, and so fused
or welded the rock. The glass appears as
deformed, curved shards surrounded by
crystal and rock fragments. Ignimbrite is
deposited by an ash flow a mixture of hot
gases and pyroclastic material that travels
at fast speeds. Ash flows are responsible
for

many casualties during volcanic eruptions.

Grain size 0.0625 2 mm, and sub-angular
shape.

8.

9.

CHERT

CHERT
SAND

10.

MARL

GRANITE

Chert is a rock composed of the mineral

chalcedony.
It is most commonly grey, white, brown, or
black. It breaks
along flat to rounded, smooth surfaces and
has a glassy
appearance. It may occur as beds, or as
nodules. Chert
forms by precipitation from silica-rich
fluids and colloids and may fill
fractures in lavas.

Sandstone, one of the most common

sedimentary rocks, sandstone is usually
quartz-dominated with visible sandy
grains. These grains may be of various
shapes when viewed with a hand lens.
Well-rounded grains are typical of desert
sandstone, while river sands are usually
angular, and beach sands somewhere in
between. The
colour is also an indication of how the
sandstone formed and can be shades of
white, red, grey, or green. Bedding is often
seen in
sandstones as a series of layers
representing successive deposits of grains.
Bedding surfaces may show other
depositional features, such as ripples.
Chert is a rock composed of the mineral
chalcedony.
It is most commonly grey, white, brown, or
black. It breaks
along flat to rounded, smooth surfaces and
has a glassy
appearance. It may occur as beds, or as
nodules. Chert
forms by precipitation from silica-rich
fluids and colloids and may fill
fractures in lavas.
Marl A mudstone or clay that reacts with
dilute acid because of
its high calcium carbonate content, marls
are usually light
coloured and may be grey, green, red, or
variegated. They
are often nodular with the nodules being
better cemented
than the surrounding rock. Marls are
commonly found in
lakes and other shallow water settings,
such as lagoons
Granite is a common and familiar rock. Like
other coarsegrained
igneous rocks, its essential minerals can be
identified with the naked eye or a hand
lens. For granite,
these are quartz usually in rounded
glassy grains and
feldspars. Feldspars are more or less
rectangular, plagioclase,
usually white, and alkali feldspars pink.
Black grains of
hornblende and/or biotite are the most
common darkcoloured
minerals. In porphyritic granite some of the
feldspars, known as phenocrysts, are much

larger than
other grains. Granite forms by the cooling
of magma
below the earths
surface and is the
commonest rock
type of the
continents.