1.

COMMON EMITTER AMPLIFIER

AIM:
a)To design CE single stage amplifier with potential divider circuit using NPN
Transistor 2N2923 for the specifications : IC= 3 mA, Vce = 10v, = 190, & IR1 =
32IB .
b) To observe dc operating point, frequency response, & C.R.O waveforms using
MULTISIM software.

APPARATUS: - Multisim Soft ware.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:

Vcc=
Select Vre Vce
Select Vre = 5v
Re=Vre/Ic
Vrc= Vcc-VCE-VRE
Rc=VRC/Ic
IB=Ic/
IR1=32IB
IR2=IR1-IB
VB=VBE+VRE
R2=VB/IR2
R1= (VCC-VB)/IR1

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:-

1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using DC
operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating point)

2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC
analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis)

3.Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using
oscilloscope

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

RESULT:-

2.COMMON SOURCE AMPLIFIER

AIM: a) To design a single stage FET Common Source amplifier with potential
divider circuit using 2n4861 FET-N channel for the following specifications:
VDD = 24V,ID = 1ma,VGS=2V,VPMAX =13V,RL=1K.

b) To observe dc operating point, frequency response, & C.R.O waveforms.

APPARATUS: Multisim soft ware.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:

VDSmin = Vpmax + 1 - VGS

VS=VRD= (VDD - VDS)/2
RD=RS= VRD/ID
VG=VR2=VS-VGS
SELECT R2 = 1M
R1=(VR1 * R2)/VR2

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:- 1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the
results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating
point)
2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC
analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis)
3..Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using
Oscilloscope
EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

RESULT:

3.TWO STAGE RC COUPLED AMPLIFIER

AIM:

Q1) Design a single stage transistor amplifier with potential divider circuit
(using an npn si transistors) with following specifications.
IC=1.6ma,VCE=7.6v,RC=2.2k,VCC=12v, I1=10IB and =54. Verify the DC
values (Voltage and current) at various nodes using Multisim software

DESIGN: IB=IC/

VCC=IC(RC+RE)+VCE ;
RE=0.516k V2=VBE+ICRE ; V2=

V2=I1R2 ; R2=V2/(I1=10IB) ;

I1=VCC/(R1+R2) ; (R1+R2)=

R 1=

PROCEDURE: Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the

results using DC operating point analysis (simulate analysis DC operating

point)

Q2) Design a single stage transistor amplifier with potential divider circuit
(using an npn si transistors) with following specifications.

IC=2.32ma,VCE=5.7v,RC=2.2k,VCC=12v, I1=10IB and =33. Verify the DC

values (Voltage and current) at various nodes using Multisim software

DESIGN:

IB=IC/ =

VCC=IC(RC+RE)+VCE ;
RE=0.51k V2=VBE+ICRE ;

V2=I1R2 ; R2=V2/(I1=10IB) ;

I1=VCC/(R1+R2) ; (R1+R2)=

PROCEDURE: Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the

results using DC operating point analysis (simulate

operating point)

analysis

DC

Q3) Cascade above two stages and find overall gain (choose C c=4.7f,
Ce=470f, hfe=50) find the frequency response, DC operating points and
parameter sweep of load resister.

ANALYSIS:

Stage-2: AI2= -hfe/(1+hoeRL2) ;

Ri2 = hie+hreAI2RL2 ;

Av2= -AI2*RL2/Ri2 ;
Stage -1: RL1
AI1 =

Ri1 =
Av1 =

Overall gain Av = Av1*Av2

Avs = Av*Ri/(Ri+RS) ; Ri =

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:- 1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the
results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating
point)
2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC
analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis)
3..Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using
Oscilloscope

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

RESULT:

4.CURRENT SHUNT FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER

AIM: Design

current shunt feedback amplifier with a feedback resistance 5K

using transistor BC 107. Obtain DC operating point and frequency response.

APPARATUS: Multisim software.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:

I
I
I

A I IR

C2

B2

C1
B1
S

IB2 IC1 IB1

C2

hFE 50,

hFE 50

B2

C1

B1

C2

CR1

C1

C1

I2

IB1

R hie

AI

D 1 AI

A
IF

D =
I

R
A

C2

C2

VF

VS

IS R S
IF

RS

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:- 1. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the
results using DC operating point analysis (simulate----analysis ---- DC operating
point)
2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC
analysis (Simulate ---- analysis ----- AC analysis)
3..Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using
Oscilloscope

EXPECTED WAVEFORMS:

RESULT:

5.WIEN BRIDGE OSCILLATOR USING TRANSISTORS

AIM: To study and calculate frequency of. Wein Bridge Oscillator.
APPARATUS:
Transistor (BC107) 2no,
Resistors 10K - 4no,1K - 3no,2.2K, 33K, 6.8K,

F
Capacitors - 10
wires.

- 2no, 100uF, 0.01uF 2no, SDC Kit, CRO, Connecting

DESIGN PROCEDURE:
Formula f =1/2(R1C1R2C2)
Given R=10k, C=0.01uf
If R1=R2 ; C1=C2
fT = 1/ 2RC

CIRCUITDIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram
2. Feed the output of the oscillator to a C.R.O by making adjustments in the
Potentiometer connected in the +ve feedback loop, try to obtain a stable
sine Wave.
3. Measure the time period of the waveform obtained on CRO. & calculate
the Frequency of oscillations.
4. Repeat the procedure for different values of capacitance.
MODEL WAVE FORM:

RESULT:

6.RC PHASE SHIFT OSCILLATOR

AIM:

Design RC phase shift oscillator to have resonant frequency of 6KHz.

Assume R1 = 100k, R2 = 22K, RC = 4 K ,RE =1K & VCC = 12V.

Obtain hfe for the above designed value for AV > - 29, R 2 RC.

APPARATUS: Multisim software.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:

A) Let R = 10K

Fr

1
___________

2Rc(6+4K)

WHERE K=Rc/R

B)hfe 23= 29/K for sustained oscillations

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

VCC

12V

VCC

R1
R3

100kohm

4kohm

C2

10

C1

Q2

4
2N2222A

10uF

R2
11
100uF

22kohm
R4

1kohm

C6
C5
C4

R7

R6
R5

PROCEDURE: Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results
using Oscilloscope.

RESULT:

7.CLASS A,AB,B,C POWER AMPLIFIERS

AIM :

To study the operation of Class A, Class AB, Class B, Class C power amplifiers.

APPARATUS:

Multisim soft ware.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

V2

12V

R2
R5

1kohm
1kohm

47uFC2

R3

XSC1

Q1

47uF
30kohm

R1

PN2369A

C1

A
B

100ohm

V1

R4

50mV

100ohm

35.36mV_rms

1000Hz

0Deg

THEORY:

The classification of amplifiers is based on the position of the quiescent point

and extent of the characteristics that is being used to determine the method of
operation.

There are 4 classes of operations.They are

1.Class A

2.Class AB

3.Class B

4.Class C

CLASS A:- In class A operation the quiescent point and the input signal are such
that the current in the output circuit (at the collector) flows for all times. Class A
amplifier operates essentially over a linear portion of its characteristic there by
giving rise to minimum of distortion .

CLASS B:- In class B operation , the quiescent point is at an extreme end of the
characteristic , so that under quiescent conditions the power drawn from the dc
power supply is very small .If the input signal is sinusoidal, amplification takes
place for only half cycle.

CLASS AB:- A class AB amplifier is the one that operates between the two
extremes defined for class A and Class B. Hence the output signal exists for more
than 1800 of the input signal.

CLASS C :- In class C operation, the quiescent operating point is chosen such

that output signal (voltage or current)is zero for more than on half of the input
sinusoidal signal cycle.

PROCEDURE:

An input sine wave (peak-peak)of 50mV is applied to the circuit.

connect the output to the C.R.O.

varying R3 value, observe and record the output waveforms for different classes
of operation.

Also observe the Vi & Vo waveforms using parameter sweep for different classes
of operation.

OBSERVATIONS:
CLASS A:

CLASS AB :

CLASS B :

CLASS C :

RESULT :

8.HIGH FREQUENCY COMMON BASE AMPLIFIER

AIM - Design a common Base high frequency amplifier with a over all gain of 30
and Lower cut off frequency of 130 Hz and Higher cut frequency 10 MHz .
Transistor Specifications: hib = 22.6, hfb = -0.98, hrb = 2.910-4 , hob = 0.49 s, IC =
1.35ma = -IE, VCE = 5.85V, VEB = 0.6V, VCB = 5.25V.

Verify the DC values (Voltage and current) at various nodes using Multisim software

APPARATUS: Multisim software.

DESIGN PROCEDURE:

1. DESIGN OF BIASING CIRCUIT :

VBE = 0.6V, VCE = 5.85V, IC = 1.35mA = -IE

VCB = 5.25V

Find the value of Re :

KVL to Input:

Find the value of RC :

KVL to Output :

Vcc ICRC - VCB = 0

RC =

2.DESIGN OF AMPLIFIER CIRCUIT :

1.To find Cb

Assume Rs = 100 Calculate the value of Cb

f L=

_____________

2(Rs + Ri)Cb

To calculate RL

Av = - hfb RL/Ri

Overall gain = Avs = Av * Ri/(Ri+Rs)

For the above circuit Ri1=Ri = hib

Avs = - hib * RL1/(Ri+Rs) ;

RL1= RL// Rc

3. To Calculate Shunt Capacitance Csh

fh
=

2RL C sh

The Internal junction capacitance Cbc 3pf

Csh = Cbc + Csh

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :

XSC1

A
B
T

Rs
Cb
10uF

BC107BP

10uF
Cb1

10
11
12

100ohm

Q1
Rc

Re

V1

5kohm

R5

Csh

1kohm

10mV

15kohm

2pF

7.07mV_rms

7
VEE

12V

1000Hz

2V

0Deg

VCC

PROCEDURE: 1.Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the

results using DC operating point analysis (Simulate ------Analysis------ DC

operating point)

2. Rig up the circuit using multisim software and verify the results using AC
analysis (Simulate--- Analysis--- AC analysis)

RESULTS:

9.CLASS A/B/C/AB POWER AMPLIFIER

AIM: To study the operation of Class A, Class B, Class AB and Class C power
amplifiers.

EQUIPMENT:

1.Class/A/B/C/AB amplifier trainer 2.Function generator.

3.C.R.O

4. Connecting patch cords.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1.Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram, and get the circuit
verified by your Instructor.

Connect the signal generator with sine wave at 1KHz and keep the amplitude
at .5V (peak-to-peak)

Connect the C.R.O across the output terminals.

Now switch ON the trainer and see that the supply LED glows.

Keep the potentiometer at minimum position, observe and record the

waveform from the C.R.O.

Slowly varying the potentiometer, observe the outputs for the Class
A/B/AB/C amplifiers as shown in fig.

CLASS A:

CLASS B:

CLASS AB:

CLASS C :

RESULT:

10.SINGLE TUNED VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

AIM:

1.To calculate the resonant frequency of tank circuit.

2. To plot the frequency response of the tuned amplifier.

EQUIPMENT:

Tuned voltage amplifier trainer.

Function generator.

C.R.O.

Connecting patch cords.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

PROCEDURE:

1.Connect the circuit as shown in fig and get the circuit verified by your Instructor.

2. Connect the signal generator with sine wave at the input and keep the amplitude to
minimum position, and connect a C.R.O at output terminals of the circuit.

Apply the amplitude between 1.6v to 4.4v to get the distortion less output sine wave.

Now, vary the input frequency in steps and observe and record The output voltage.
Calculate the gain of the tuned RF amplifier using the formula Gain = out put voltage/
input voltage.

plot a graph with input frequency versus gain (in dBs)

Gain (in dBs) = 20 log (Vo/Vi)

Graph :-

Gain

Frequency

RESULT:

11.HARTLEY AND COLPITTS OSCILLATORS

AIM: To design Hartley and Colpitts Oscillators to have resonant frequency of 1KHz.

APPARATUS:

BJT(BC107),Resistors(2.2k,100k,10k,1k),
Capacitors(10f,100f,0.33 f), Decade inductance box ,RPS.

EQUIPMENT:

SDC kit.

Function generator.

C.R.O.
DESIGN PROCEDURE:

Hartley Oscillator

F = 1 / (2LeqC)
Where Leq=L1+L2

Colpitts Oscillator

F = 1 / (2LCeq)
Where Ceq= (c1*c2) / (c1+c2)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS:
HARTLEY OSCILLATOR:

COLPITTS OSCILLATOR:

EXPECTED WAVEFORM:

RESULT:

12. DARLINGTON AMPLIFIER USING BJT

AIM:
To construct a Darlington current amplifier circuit and to plot the frequency
response characteristics.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:

S.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Name
Transistor
Resistor
Capacitor
Function Generator
CRO
Regulated power supply
Bread Board

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Range
BC 107
15k,10k,680,6k
0.1F, 47F
(0-3)MHz
30MHz
(0-30)V

Quantity
1
1,1,1,1
2, 1
1
1
1
1

MODEL GRAPH

f1

FIG..2

Keep the input voltage constant, Vin =

f2

f (Hz)

Frequency (in Hz)

Output Voltage (in volts)

Gain= 20 log(Vo/Vin) (in dB)

THEORY:
In Darlington connection of transistors, emitter of the first transistor is
directly connected to the base of the second transistor .Because of direct coupling
dc output current of the first stage is (1+h fe )Ib1.If Darlington connection for n
transitor is considered, then due to direct coupling the dc output current foe last
stage is (1+hfe ) n times Ib1 .Due to very large amplification factor even two stage
Darlington connection has large output current and output stage may have to be a
power stage. As the power amplifiers are not used in the amplifier circuits it is not
possible to use more than two transistors in the Darlington connection.
In Darlington transistor connection, the leakage current of the first
transistor is amplified by the second transistor and overall leakage current may be
high, Which is not desired.

PROCEDURE:

1. Connect the circuit as per the circuit diagram.

2. Set Vi =50 mv, using the signal generator.
3. Keeping the input voltage constant, vary the frequency from 0 Hz to 1M Hz in
regular steps and note down the corresponding output voltage.

4. Plot the graph; Gain (dB) vs Frequency(Hz).

5. Calculate the bandwidth from the graph.
RESULT:
Thus, the Darlington current amplifier was constructed and the frequency
response curve is plotted. . The Gain Bandwidth Product is found to be =