A membrane with the tensor of elasticity E is spanned in a frame with the widths a parallel to warp and b

parallel to weft so that the warp direction is fixed without stress and without being slack and the weft direction
is stretched by a displacement of u. Please calculate the stresses in warp- and weft direction!
Dimensions: m
a
10
b
3
u
0,2

n11
E1111 E1122 11
11
E1111 E1122

n22
E1122 E1122 22
22
E1122 E1122

n11
11
C1111C1122 n11

n22
22
C1122C1122 n22

n11
E1111 E1122 11
11
E1111 E1122

n22
E1122 E1122 22
22
E1122 E1122
11 E1111n11 E11222 n22 E1111

n11
11
C1111C1122 n11

n22
22
C1122C1122 n22

elasticity tensor
E=

12
21

1500
500
0

500
1100
0

0
0
0

11

11

n11

22

0,07143

n22

0,3333333
0,4545455

n11

n22

0.071
u
strain calculation (enginering)
2
35,71429 Kn\m

2
78,57143 Kn\m
0,000785714 -0,00036
-0,00035714 0,001071

35,71429
78,57143

3,46945E-18
0,071428571
0,071429
Three membrane widths of same dimensions are welded together and are attached in a
rigid frame. The deformations to fit the frame are given by 1 and 2. The elastic properties
of the two outer widths are defined by the tensor of elasticity:

1300 300 0
300 1100 0

0
0
0
1700 500
500 1400

0
0

0
0
0

1300
300
0

300
1100
0

0
0
0

1700
500
0

500
1400
0

0
0
0

given

C=

0,000821
-0,00022

-0,00022
0,00097

C=

0,000657 -0,00023
-0,00023 0,000798

for the outer width memebrane

they follow the same deformation

11
22

0,03

n11

54

0,05

n22

64

n11

76

n22

85

for the inner width membrane

A tube with diametar R and length L is pressed by the inner presure p.The tensor of elasticity has the
following
form
:
Please
calculate the stress in the tube material with the pressure p0!
b. Please calculate the stress variation if the pressure is raised to p in the middle
of the length of the tube.
c. Can you define the material with such a tensor of elasticity?
d. The outer edges of the tube are rotated one against the other by an angle .

900 400 0
E 400 900 0
0
0 500

R
L
p
d

pr p 2 po

2t
2t
t
pr p 2 2 po
h

t
t
t

2
10

l zz

pr
2t
pr

t
0

l
h
rr

hoop and longitudinal stresses are principle stresses, while

in regard of the thin wall the radial stress can be neglected
900
400
0

rr

r
zr

r

z

rz
z
zz

400
900
0

0
0
500

0,001385 -0,00061538
-0,00062 0,001384615
0
0

0
0
0,002
1
2

initial state by pressure po

longitudinal strain (po)

0,000154 *po/t

hoop strain (po)

0,002154 *po/t

second stage p0 till p

dL
0 l L dl L l 0.000154*10 0.00154m

dR
dR R h 0.02154*2 0.02154m
R

P=dP+p0
C)
D)

This material according to the elasticity tensor has the same properties in both direction, regarding to strength
and sustainability of the loading case , in other words it doesn't matter how we orientate the material due to
obtained forces from calculation , like in ordinary cases where warp is usually orientated against bigger
stress values. Furthermore, even in many cases shear module is neglected during calculation, in the elasticity
tensor for this material has a value , which means it can resist the shear deformations .This material is similar
to the ETFE films which type one I really do not know.
A membrane is fixed in a rectangular corner. The warp is oriented in the direction of
the bisector, the weft perpendicular to this. The weft direction is stressed to the
prestress state nss, the warp will be flabby. The tensor of elasticity is given by E.Calculate the variation of
stress it the deformation in warp will be raised to 2 %.
Please explain why Poissons ration here will be higher than in other cases.
0,001154 -0,00096
1700
1000
0
45
-0,00096 0,001635
E
1000
1200
0
0,707106781 0,707107
0
matrix of rotation
0
0
0
-0,70710678 0,707107
0

matrix of rotation
0

22

0,02

0,707106781 -0,70711
0,707106781 0,707107
0
0

0
0
1

transposed matrix of rotation

strains after initial prestress nss

'11 C1111n11 C11222 n22 C1111 *0 C1122 nss 0.00096nss

'22 C22222 n22 0.001635nss
n11 cos 2 45* n11' sin 2 45* n' 22
n22 sin 2 45* n11' cos 2 45* n' 22
n12 sin 45* cos 45* (n22 ' n '11 )

11 cos 2 45* 11' sin 2 45* '22

22 sin 2 45* 11' cos 2 45* '22
12 sin 45* cos 45* ( 22 ' '11 )
1 '
22 '11 nss (0.001635 0.00096) / 2 0.000337nss
2
1
22 '22 '11 nss (0.001635 0.00096) / 2 0.000337nss
2
1 '
12 22 '11 nss (0.001635 0.00096) / 2 0.0012975nss
2

11

after increasing the deformation in warp by 2% direction we have:

11 0.000337nss 0.000337nss 2 /100 0.00343nss

22 0.000337nss
then stress :
since the elasticiity tensor does not change

n11 E1111 E1122 11 1700 1000 0.000343nss

n E

22 1122 E2222 22 1000 1200 0.000337nss

n11 (0.000343*1700 0.000337*1000)nss 0.902nss
n22 (0.000343*1000 0.000337*1200)nss 0.747nss