ANSWERS

TEXT 40-54
TEXT 40
a) By this phrase I understand that with the increasing of population, resources are
decreasing. This will lead to lack of resources in future, like oil, gas, water, etc.
b) By the phrase "surplus of accumulated purchasing power" i understand that the
person has accumulated enough money from past wages to buy properties or start
its own business
c) Its threat for democracy because many peoples are surrounded in one single
resource of live, they are fighting for resources, for better life, they dont respect
law, and this threat democracy.
d) By planetary overcrowding of country, government tend to keep in their control in
capital and labour. Also people have no many choices for working and they have to
obey to the bosss rules.

TEXT 41
a) In the way that when we invest in education after some years there will become
many educated people engineers, teachers, businessman, etc. They will prosper the
country, this is success in investment.
b) One reason against the formal education by the author is that we would lay less
stress on 'facts and figures' and more on a good memory, on applied psychology
and most important on the capacity of a man to get along with its fellow citizens.

c) Because in primitive society everyone had opportunity and right to get

knowledge in the tribe, but today some people dont have money to attend schools.

TEXT 42
a) As childish sort of behavior the author characterize that behavior when parents
regard as a slur every childrens praise and comment about friends house, parents
even get annoyed, this is childish.
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b) It is inevitable that adolescents should become disillusioned with their parents

because children have such a high ideal of their parents, kind of hero and they
consider them infallible. But parents are unsatisfied with themselves and they are
resenting and resisting continuously and this bring inevitable disillusionment.
c) Victorians parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an
unreasoning authoritarian attitude and children were too cowed. But today this
attitude differ in a way that parents are not to authoritarian toward their children
and adolescents have more freedom and arent to cowed.

TEXT 43
a) Nuclear power stations are sited near the coasts because the need of much water
for cooling and a certain discharge of possible radioactive effluent, and also for the
reason that people are afraid from the destructive force of atomic bomb.
b) Because the bulk and the weight of coal required in majority of manufacturing
industries is large compared with the weight and the bulk of other raw materials,
this led to the concentration of industrial developments on the coal-fields.
c) Oil refineries are sited at a distance from population centers because of a certain
amount of smell and an element of danger.

TEXT 44
a) The expense of government is increased if a nation is disunited because the
government has to spent many expenses in policy, army, safety, observers and
administrators to keep the nation in eye and order. If the nation is loyal and faithful
the government doesnt have to pay for safety and controlling.
b) By the phrase administrative overhead I understand that they are the expenses
of for the business for managing and controlling the workers. If the administrator
overhead rises than earning will fail and vice versa.

TEXT 45

(we dont have this, fortunately)

TEXT 46
a) Statistical evidences that are used by the author to support the statement are:
World population goes up by 2% per year, but in big cities the percentage is even
bigger like 5% or 6% a year.

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b) By this statement author means that everyone want to live in urban envoirment
and the population in rural countries is decreasing. I.e. in Britain only 5% of the
whole population live in rural area.

TEXT 47
a) The modern Plato reluctantly enter politics because he knows that at the very
least he and his friend are better than the present gang. He believes that politic is a
dirty game and politicians are not university men.
b) The modern Plato despise the self-made industrialist and newspaper-king
because he regards money-making as vulgar and he thinks that industry and
finance seem to be activities unworthy of gentlemen.
c) He is neither true Christian because even that he wants and attends church
regularly he doesnt believe in some Christian superstition. He is neither a true
atheist because he dislikes the skepticism and materialism.

TEXT 48

a) By this sentence I understand that writers doesnt have a skeleton or a picture of

how his/her book will look like in the end. They start with a small idea and than they
develop, extend and maybe change the book page by page, chapter by chapter.
b) By the phrase organic process I understand that every book must pass through
this organic process like beginning, breaking, remaking, timing, interweaving,
extending, and in the end completing and conclusion.
c) The writer has no resting place, no crowd or moment in which he may take
comfort. He make order out of anarchy in his heart, he is taking off from living with
himself.

TEXT 49

a) It is impracticable at present to use rockets and artificial satellites to carry

telescopes because they go far from ionosphere, they are complex and expensive
and because they cannot lift and keep steady massive telescopes.

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b) Balloon-borne instruments contribute little to ultra-violet astronomy and X-ray

astronomy because the height that they can reach is 80000 to 90000 feet. And their
ascent overcome infra-red radiation with ease.
c) They are cheaper and not very complex. They are much easier to handle. They
are not to heavy and they can lift massive weights like telescopes, instruments and
tools, and keep them steady and safe.

TEXT 50

a) By this statement rivers were the veins of the body politic as well as economic I
understand that they were boundaries between states and bridges were often
points of battle. People of that time depended on the river for food, power and
transport.
b) The main reason why today rivers are no longer an important source of fish is
that today rivers are polluted, opportunities and spaces for river fishing today are
decreasing.
c) The owners of fisheries and the bargemasters continuously were at war in
mediaeval times because they were looking and fighting for fresh water fish that
was very important. They also needed unimpeded passages.

TEXT 51

a) The tough method of training elephants is considered to be stupid because this

method consist of only in setting an elephant to work hard and beating him until he
does what is expected of him.
b) Elephants can be compared with dogs in a way that both like to have one master,
both are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection.
c) The key of successful elephant training is the close relationship between elephant
and mahout and also the gentle and patient method.
d) The main advantage of training an elephant of between fifteen and twenty years
old is that in this age its almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to
work to earn its straight away.
e) The main disadvantage of training an elephant of between fifteen and twenty
years old is that the animal at this age do not easily become subservient to man
and a very firm hand must be employed.
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f) Tame elephants can be used to help in the training of wild elephants by tethering
it nearby to the wild one to give him confidence.

TEXT 52

a) This device can be used to indicate the extent of an earthquake in a way that
rods will fall, when e shock will come. If the shock is gentle only one rod fell, if is
severe theyll fall all.
b) This simple seismometer worked by rods was unsatisfactory because the
penholder and the pen are all moving around and its almost impossible to write
legibly.
c) The everyday observation that enabled scientists to improve seismometers is a
person standing on a bus or a train when he tend to fall when a sudden start is
made.
d) These three elements recorded in different graphs are three waves. The first
record the longitudinal vibrations, the second records transverse vibration and the
third after several minutes.
e) During an earthquake, is the third wave the last to be recorded because it has
travelled round the earth through the surface rocks.

TEXT 53

a) The founding of the French Foreign Legion was authorized by the reigning
monarch of France, Loise Philippe.
b) By the statement The formation of the foreign one stone I understand that
the Foreign Legion was intended to keep in control any possible attack and trouble
from the discharged soldiers that were in needy circumstances. And foreign Legion
also was cannon fodder in occupation of new countries and saving French people
and soldiers.
c)
d) Responsible for the Foreign Legion was the War Minister.
e) It was no doubt as to the meaning of the phrase outside France contained in
the Royal Ordinance, because Algeria was considered as part of the France, it was
only a scrap for France.
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f) By the statement the practice began .. of asking no questions I understand that

the recruits were accepted only by the name and particulars and they were not
asked about their nationality, record or history, and no proof identity was required.

TEXT 54

a) Galaxy is a part of universe, it is a set of million and million stars and billion and
billion planets, comets, satellites etc. Our galaxy is called Milk Way.
b) According to the author is highly probable that the life exist in other parts of
universe because the number of planets is very vast and we dont know what is
hidden there.
c) Even that if one were travelling at 186000 miles/s it would be extremely difficult
to visit another planet because the astronomical distances separate us, we need
many years to travel with this speed to arrive in any farther planet.
d) It might be possible to accomplish interstellar communication using radiofrequency of the 21-cm wavelength, or 1420 megacycles per second.

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