FLUID STRUCTURE INTERACTION

SOLVED IN TRADITIONAL WAY,

AND BY IMMERSED SOLID METHOD

BUDARS / 2015. 04. 23.

kos Horvth
eCon Engineering

http://www.econengineering.com

ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

Fluid Structure Interaction What and Why?

What is Fluid Structure Interaction?
Occurs when a fluid flow interacts with a solid structure / bodies
Flow may exert pressure and / or thermal loads
These may cause structural deformations significant enough to change the fluid flow itself (2-way
interaction)
Or the deformations may be neglected on the fluid side (1-way)

Solid may deform or move due to external forces, driving the fluid flow, or exert thermal
loads on the fluid
Again, 1-way and 2-way interactions are possible

Why is FSI important?

Crucial in understanding many engineering problems
Material selection, fatigue, effect on fluid flow and structural parameters etc.

For better designs!

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ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

Fluid Structure Interaction Modelling Approaches

FSI can be categorised by the degree of physical coupling between the
fluid and solid solution fields
How sensitive is one field to a change in the other field?

Fields that are strongly coupled

physically require strong
numerical coupling
Generally more difficult to solve

Solution fields that are

relatively independent can be
solved with weaker coupling or
even uncoupled (1-way)

ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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Motion of Rigid Body

Simpler FSI approaches are possible when simplifying assumptions can be made
If the solid moves but does not deform (rigid body), then a 6-Degree of Freedom rigid body
solver can be used
Rotation about 3 axes, translation along 3 axes = 6-DOF

A 6-DOF rigid body solver is available in CFX

This gives a 2-way explicit or implicit solution
Depending on whether the solid body position is
updated once or multiple times per time step

More efficient than using a full FEA solver

No structural solution field

Limitations
No contact/collision modelling with walls or other rigid bodies
Cant be used in rotating domains
General constraints cant be applied
Cant make a translatable rigid body rotate about a point, other than its center of mass

Examples: Boats in waves, falling objects, valves

ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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Realizing Motion of Rigid Body

Boundary motion imposed via the 6-DOF
solver results in mesh deformation
Large displacements may result in poor
mesh quality or the mesh may collapse
Traditional, Mesh Resolving Approach
Mesh deformation with automatic re-meshing

Immersed Solid Method

Use when mesh deformation is not practical
Fluid mesh remains stationary
Solid motion can be specified or calculated by
the 6-DOF solver
Limited boundary layer resolution
Single phase, incompressible only

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ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

Plate Check Valve in Oil Control Valve

Oil Control Valve for intake/exhaust camshaft
adjustment system (phaser)

ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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Plate Check Valve in Oil Control Valve

Oil Control Valve for intake/exhaust camshaft
adjustment system (phaser)

Linear spring
with pretension

Check valve plate

in closed position

ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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by Immersed Solid Method

Solver Settings
Fluid
mesh Scheme: High Resolution
Advection
Tetrahedral
mesh with
prism
layers
Transient Scheme:
Second
Order
Backward Euler
Min
/ Max. Coeff.
Loops:
4 / 12 of
Extremely
fine
in region
Convergence
motion Criteria: RMS<1.0e-4
Transient
1.4
Millionsimulation
nodes restarts from steady-state
solution
7.6
Million elements
Outlet

0 Pa Relative
static pressure

Immersed Solid
Solid mesh
Mom. Source Scaling Factor: 10
Structured
hexahedral
Motion
by Rigid Body
Solution
12672
Mass:
0.5 g nodes
10075
Linear
springelements
force
N/m coarse
Can be84.5
arbitrarily
0.334
N pretension
inside
the domain

Rigid Body Solver Coupling:

Every Coefficient Loop

Inlet

Symmetry planes

C.O.G. of plate

1.5 bar relative

static pressure

ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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by Mesh Resolving Approach

Simulation Domain
Made in Design Modeler
Plate is extracted at its
initial position (0.05 mm)
Multiple bodies in one
part

Finite Volume Mesh

Fully structured
hexahedral mesh in
region of motion and
downstream of that
Tetrahedral and swept
mesh upstream
324800 nodes
352300 elements

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by Mesh Resolving Approach

Plates surface is moved by Rigid Body Solution
DispX=rbstate(Position X)@Rigid Body 1(X2+X3)/2

X4

A linear function is defined

X3

X2

Stretched region (subdomain)

Mesh is kept the same next to plate (above and below)

Mesh is deformed up- and downstream

Compressed region
(subdomain)

Rigid Body Solver with identical settings as in Immersed Solid Method

X1

Lin1=(Initial X-X1)/(X2-X1)
Lin2=(Initial X-X4)/(X3-X4)

Nodes displacement
DispX Lin1
DispX Lin2

Disadvantages
Not possible to contact the wall
Mesh quality
Aspect ratio
Ratio to neighbouring cells

The figure here above is only for demonstration of mesh deformation. Initial plate position differs.

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Results
Velocity contour plot in
symmetry plane

There is flow through

plate in ISM
Initial flow rate
(steady-state solution)
is larger by ISM
Flow field is very
similar during, and at
the end of motion

ISM

MRA

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ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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Results
Static pressure
contour plot in
symmetry plane

ISM

Initial pressure field is

slightly different

Pressure field is very

similar during, and at
the end of motion

MRA

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ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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Results
Displacement of plate
0
ISM
-0,5

MRA

Velocity of plate
Acceleration of plate
x1000

-1
5

ISM

-0,5
MRA

-1,5

Velocity [m/s]

-1
-5
Acceleration [m/s2]

Displacement [mm]

-2

-2,5

-10

-1,5

-2
-15

0,00025 -2,5

0,0005

0,00075

ISM

0,001

0,00125

0,0015

-20

Time [s]

MRA

-3

-25

0,00025

0,00025

0,0005

0,00075

Time [s]

0,0005

0,001

0,00075

0,00125

Time [s]

0,001

0,0015

0,00125

0,0015

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Advantages and disadvantages

Immersed Solid Method
Fast model generation
2 hours
Easy to change fluid / solid part
Design
Initial position
Accuracy of force and torque are problem
dependent
Viscous force contribution is typically
underestimated
Many Limitations
Mesh deformation
Heat transfer
Initial conditions (rigid body)
Multiphase flow
etc. (please see Ansys-CFX help)

Traditional Way MRA

Time consuming model/mesh generation
Blocking for structured meshes require
experience
1-2 days
Hard to change model
Requires full remeshing (and new
blocking)
Mesh deformation (and remeshing) setup
Might be hard to achieve convergence
Experience in FSI is necessary
Time step size, under-relaxation,
number of inner iterations, etc.
No limitations on special features
Accurate

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ANSYS felhasznli konferencia 2015 Horvth kos / 2015. 04. 23.

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Summary
FSI of plate check valve has been investigated
by Immersed Solid Method
in traditional way, with Mesh Resolving Approach

Motion of plate is solved by Rigid Body Solution of Ansys-CFX

No need for external mechanical model

ISM issued in very similar results as MRA

Slightly faster opening time originated from begining of motion

Model setup and design change is much faster with ISM

It is possible to investigate more design variants easier
More complex solid bodies can be modeled

Do not use ISM as a standalone solution for FSI!

Comparative studies with MRAs are necessary to assess accuracy of specific problem

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Thank you for

your attention

kos Horvth
akos.horvath@econengineering.com
www.econengineering.com

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Contact

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www.econengineering.com

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E-Mail: kiglics@econengineering.com

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