Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Table of Contents
1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Features and Benefits ....................................................................................................................................................... 2
3 Power Factor . .................................................................................................................................................................. 3
3.1 Why improve power factor?............................................................................................................................... 3
3.2 How do you improve power factor?................................................................................................................... 3
3.3 Capacitors for power factor correction............................................................................................................... 3
3.4 Harmonics........................................................................................................................................................ 4
3.5 Resonance....................................................................................................................................................... 4
4 Product Modularity............................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.1 Single Line Diagram.......................................................................................................................................... 5
4.2 Incomer Module................................................................................................................................................ 5
4.2.1 Control Cubicle........................................................................................................................................ 5
4.2.2 High Voltage Section................................................................................................................................ 5
4.3 Power Module.................................................................................................................................................. 6
5 Key Components............................................................................................................................................................... 7
5.1 The ABBACUS Enclosure.................................................................................................................................. 7
5.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................... 7
Design
Safety
Handling
5.1.2 Internal Environment................................................................................................................................. 8
Ventilation
Anti-condensation heater
5.1.3 Safety Interlocking.................................................................................................................................... 8
5.1.4 Busbars................................................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Incomer Module................................................................................................................................................ 9
5.2.1 High Voltage Section................................................................................................................................ 9
ABB Isolator/Earth Switch
ABB Circuit Breaker
ABB Surge Arresters
ABB Voltage Transformers
(Protection and/or control)
ABB Current Transformers (Protection)
Live Line Indication
Door Micro Switches
5.2.2 Control Cubicle...................................................................................................................................... 10
ABB Power Factor Controller
ABB Protection Relays
12kV.............................................................................................................. 21
12kV.......................................................................................................................... 21
12kV...................................................................................................... 22
12kV................................................................................................................. 25
12kV................................................................................................................. 26
1. Introduction
ABBACUS Metal Enclosed
Capacitor Bank
ABB is the worlds leading capacitor manufacturer.
This competence has led to a fully integrated ABB solution
known as ABBACUS, for reactive compensation in medium
voltage networks.
The ABBACUS combines primary components, and secondary control and protection, within a compact modular
enclosure. The system can be either configured as a fixed
or switched capacitor bank. The switched bank consists of
single or multiple steps, automatically controlled to improve
power factor.
The design of the ABBACUS provides compensation for both
electrical distribution utilities and large industrial power users
including mining, pulp and paper, chemical, petrochemical,
wind farms, plastics and heavy industry.
Feature
Benefit
Reliability and
Performance
Commercial
Safety
Modular in design
Expandable design to meet the needs of increased plant load
Relocatable asset, can be moved as plant demands change
Flexibility
Easy to use
Compact design
3. Power Factor
3.1 Why improve
power factor?
Central Compensation
When the main purpose is to reduce reactive power
purchased, due to power suppliers tariffs, central
compensation is preferable.
Group Compensation
Group compensation instead of central compensation is
preferable if sufficiently large capacitors can be utilised. In
addition to what is obtained at central compensation, load on
cables is reduced and losses decrease.
P
S
sin
Q
S
tan
Q
P
Qc = P ( tan
tan )
S'
Q'
S'
Individual
Compensation
The
special
advantage with individual compensation is that
S
existing Qswitching and protective devices for the machine
S
toS be compensated
can also be utilised for switching and
Q
protection
of the capacitors.
S2
P
S1
Q1
P'
P'
1
2
Q
P
Q
=
P
=
Figure
2: Compensated
Load
Qc = P ( tan
tan )
Q'
Shows
the reactive S'output (Q) from
Qc = P ( tan
tan )
1
tan
=
1
S'
Q'
cos
the
power
supply network reduced by
1
tan
=
1
cos
the capacitor output (Qc) to (Q1) when
applying
power
factor correction.
Q
S
S
Q
Q
S
Q power supply
TheQ total loadS on the
network
is reduced QSfrom (S) to (S1) at
Q
S
anQunchanged active
power output.
1
Central compensation
High Voltage side
2
2
Central compensation
Low Voltage side
c
c
Qc
Q1
Q1
S1 Q c
1
2
1
2
S1
P
P
P'
P'
Group compensation
Individual compensation
P'
3.4 Harmonics
Harmonics are an important aspect when considering power
factor correction. The ABBACUS range includes a number of
options to overcome the effects of these harmonics.
Modern electrical equipment consists of nonlinear devices
which generate harmonics. Examples of these devices include
the following:
E
quipment containing electronics that control other
apparatus, eg variable speed drives, soft starters, static
compensators, rectifiers, etc
Arc furnaces
In certain cases, transformers, reactors and rotating
machines
Domestic appliances.
Harmonics are not only found in industrial networks, they can
also spread into the distribution network and cause problems
for other power users. Common problems that harmonics can
produce include:
Distorted Wave
50 Hz
O
verloading of capacitors, leading to malfunctioning and
premature aging
Increased losses, eg machines will operate at increased
temperatures
Resonance problems between the inductive and
capacitive parts of the network
Malfunctioning of control systems
Interference with telecommunication and computer
equipment
Disturbances in ripple control systems
High currents in neutral conductors.
Harmonics distort the sine wave (50Hz or 60Hz signal)
which becomes apparent when a distorted sine wave is
mathematically analysed. The example below shows that the
distorted wave consists both of the fundamental frequency
(eg 50 Hz) and super-imposed 5th (250 Hz) and 7th (350 Hz)
harmonic frequencies.
3.5 Resonance
Resonance can be a problem when capacitors for power
factor correction are applied to networks with nonlinear loads
that inject harmonic currents. With the ABBACUS solution this
is no longer a problem.
Resonance is a special network condition in which the
inductive reactance is equal to the capacitive reactance.
All circuits have a resonant condition at some particular
frequency, known as the natural frequency of the circuit.
4. Product Modularity
ISOLATOR
EARTH-SWITCH
CIRCUIT BREAKER
FUSES
CONTACTORS
REACTORS
CAPACITORS
STAGE 1
INCOMER MODULE
STAGE 2
POWER MODULES
5. Key Components
ABB has invested significant research in to the design and
specification of every key component in the ABBACUS to
ensure maximum reliability and performance. A full list of
technical specifications is available in Section 8.
Design
The enclosure is designed and tested up to IP54, suitable
for indoor and outdoor applications over a wide range of
environmental conditions.
Safety
The enclosure is designed to exhaust hot gases safely away
from the operator under fault conditions. This is achieved
by having every module designed with roof vents to exhaust
gases vertically up and door vents to direct hot gases
vertically down away from personnel.
Handling
The enclosure base frame incorporates fork and crane lifting
facilities. This assists with trouble-free handling and assembly
of modules on site.
Note. ABBACUS models MECB 12 FI 00, 12 FI 01 and
12 SI 00 are manufactured using zinc-coated steel suitable
for indoor IP31 applications only.
5.1.4 Busbars
The busbar support system used in the ABBACUS, is made
from tinned copper, is mechanically rated to withstand an
unconditional fault level of 25kA and thermally rated to
withstand 20kA for 3 seconds.
FIXED BANK
Inrush Reactors
MECB 12 FI
MECB 12 FI
MECB 12 FI
MECB 12 FI
00
01
02
10
Detuning Reactors
MECB 17 FI
MECB 17 FI
MECB 24 FI
MECB 24 FI
00
10
00
10
MECB 12 FD 00
MECB 12 FD 10
MECB 17 FD 10
MECB 24 FD 10
SWITCHED BANK
Inrush Reactors
Detuning Reactors
MECB 7 SI 10 MECB 12 SI 11
MECB 12 SI 00 MECB 17 SI 10
MECB 12 SI 10 MECB 24 SI 10
7
12
17
24
MECB
F Fixed
S Switched
14 ABBACUS Selection Configuration | ABBACUS Metal Enclosed Capacitor Bank
I Inrush Reactors
MECB 12 SD 10
MECB 17 SD 10
MECB 24 SD 10
Inrush Reactors
Detuning Reactors
MECB 7 SI 10 MECB 12 SI 11
MECB 12 SI 00 MECB 17 SI 10
MECB 12 SI 10 MECB 24 SI 10
MECB 12 SD 10
MECB 17 SD 10
MECB 24 SD 10
7
12
17
24
MECB
F Fixed
S Switched
I Inrush Reactors
D Detuning Reactors
0 No Incomer Module
1 Incomer Module
VARIANT NUMBER
CB
12 F
I
ME
FEATURE
00
ME
CB
12 F
I 01
ME
CB
12 F
I 02
ME
CB
12 F
I 10
ME
CB
17 F
I 00
ME
CB
17 F
I 10
ME
CB
24 F
I 00
ME
CB
24 F
I 10
ME
CB
7 SI
10
ME
CB
12 S
I 00
ME
CB
12 S
I 10
ME
CB
12 S
I 11
ME
CB
17 S
I 10
ME
CB
24 S
I 10
ME
CB
12 F
D0
0
ME
CB
12 F
D1
0
ME
CB
17 F
D1
0
ME
CB
24 F
D1
0
ME
CB
12 S
D1
0
ME
CB
17 S
D1
0
ME
CB
24 S
D1
0
Switched
Maximum Number
of Switched Stages
3.5
3.4
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.3
2.6
2.5
2.5
3.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
IP 31
IP 44
IP 54
Indoor
Outdoor
<
12
<
12
<
12
<
12
<12
<
12
<
12
Aluminium
<
12
Enclosure Material
Fortress Key
Electrical Signal
with Timer
Incoming Cable
Termination Busbars
Isolator
Earth Switch
Surge Arrestors
Circuit Breaker
Protection VT
Over Current CT
Control Circuit VT
* Please refer to Section 6.4 for the graphical representation of the Maximum Power Module Capacity
** For other P values contact ABB
S Standard
O Optional
Not Applicable/Not Available
ME
CB
12 F
I 00
ME
CB
12 F
I 01
ME
CB
12 F
I 02
ME
CB
12 F
I 10
ME
CB
17 F
I 00
ME
CB
17 F
I 10
ME
CB
24 F
I 00
ME
CB
24 F
I 10
ME
CB
7 SI
10
ME
CB
12 S
I 00
ME
CB
12 S
I 10
ME
CB
12 S
I 11
ME
CB
17 S
I 10
ME
CB
24 S
I 10
ME
CB
12 F
D0
0
ME
CB
12 F
D1
0
ME
CB
17 F
D1
0
ME
CB
24 F
D1
0
ME
CB
12 S
D1
0
ME
CB
17 S
D1
0
ME
CB
24 S
D1
0
FEATURE
Modbus Communication
O
O
Local/Remote Switching
Manual/Automatic Switching
Unbalance
Protection Relays
Over/Under Voltage
Fuse Failure
Over Temperature
Over Pressure
Unbalance
Stage On
Stage Off
LED Indication
Over Temperature
Over Pressure
Fuse Failure
Unbalance
Power Module
Capacitors
Pressure Switches
Contactor/Switches
HRC Fuses
Unbalance CT
Rapid Discharge VT
Cooling Fan/
Fan Forced Ventilation
Earthing Stick
Ventilation
Internal Lights
S Standard
O Optional
Not Applicable/Not Available
3000
2500
MECB 12 FI 01
2000
1500
MECB 12 FI 10,
MECB1212FIFI02
02
MECB
1000
500
0
1
10
11
12
4000
3500
3000
MECB 12 SI 00
2500
MECB 7 SI 10
2000
MECB 12 SI 10
1500
MECB 12 SI 11
1000
500
0
1
10
11
12
4000
3500
3000
2500
MECB 12 FD 00
2000
MECB 12 FD 10
1500
1000
500
0
1
6
7
BANK VOLTAGE (kV)
10
11
12
3000
2500
2000
1500
MECB 12 SD 10
1000
500
0
1
10
11
12
3000
2500
2000
6.4.2
Maximum Power Module Capacity >12kV 17.5kV
MECB 17 FI 10,
MECB 17 FI 00,
MECB 17 SI 10
1500
1000
3000
500
2500
0
2000 12
13
14
15
16
17
1500
MECB 17 FI 10,
MECB 17 FI 00,
MECB 17 SI 10
1000
500
0
12
13
14
15
16
17
2050
2000
1950
1900
MECB 17 FD 10,
MECB 17 SD 10
1850
1800
2050
1750
2000
1700
1950
12
13
14
1900
15
16
17
1850
1800
1750
1700
12
13
14
15
16
17
3000
2500
2000
1500
MECB 24 SI 10,
MECB 24 FD 10,
MECB 24 SD 10,
MECB 24 FI 10,
MECB 24 FI 00
1000
500
0
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
ABB
7.1.1
DANGER
DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE
DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
1800
75
DANGER
75
1800
ABB
1800
1800
HIGH VOLTAGE
ABB
1250
800
760
75
1600
75
1150
SIDE VIEW:
MECB 12 FI 00/01, MECB 12 SI 00
1250
1600
ABB
ABB
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE
ABB
ABB
760
SIDE VIEW:
MECB 12 FI 00/01, MECB 12 SI 00
ABB
1800
ABB
ABB
ABB
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
HIGH VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
HIGH VOLTAGE
75
DANGER
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
1250
75
5350
1800
800
1150
1250
5350
7.1.2
FRONT VIEW: MECB 12
SI 00 POWER MODULES
Cable entry box plus multiple power modules ( up to 4 stages )
<
12kV
MECB 12 FI 00
MECB 12 FI 01
MECB 12 SI 00
MECB 12 FI 00
MECB 12 FI 01
MECB 12 SI 00
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
2260
1700
2165
2755
1700
DANGER
SIDE VIEW:
MECB 12 FI 02, MECB 12 FI 10,
MECB 7 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 10,
MECB 12 SI 11, MECB 12 FD 00,
MECB 12 FD 10, MECB 12 SD 10,
STAGE 3
STAGE 2
DANGER
DANGER
STAGE 4
DANGER
DANGER
2260
2755
1700
1700
7855
1700
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
2260
1700
3000
2004
STAGE 2
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
2260
1700
3000
1700
2165
SIDE VIEW:
MECB 17 FI 10, MECB 17 FI 00,
MECB 17 SI 10, MECB 17 FD 10,
MECB 17 SD10
STAGE 2
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
2260
4000
2755
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
3000
1700
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
3000
1700
4700
DANGER
2004
STAGE 2
DANGER
DANGER
4000
DANGER
DANGER
1700
2165
2755
SIDE VIEW:
MECB 24 FI 10, MECB 24 SI 10
MECB 24 FD 10, MECB 24 SD 10
STAGE 2
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
5700
DANGER
DANGER
DANGER
4455
7.2.2 Incomer7.2.2.1
Modules
INCOMER MODULE < 12kV
7.2.2.1 Incomer
<
7.2.2.1
INCOMER
MODULE
12kV
Module 12kV
PLAN VIEW
PLAN VIEW
HIGH VOLTAGE SECTION
CONTROL CUBICLE
Front view with door removed ( fully optioned )
HIGH VOLTAGE SECTION
CONTROL CUBICLE
Front view with door removed ( fully optioned )
MECB 12 FI 10, MECB 7 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 11, MECB 12 FD 10, MECB 12 SD 10
MECB 12 FI 10, MECB 7 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 10, MECB 12 SI 11, MECB 12 FD 10, MECB 12 SD 10
PLAN VIEW
PLAN VIEW
HIGH VOLTAGE SECTION
Front view with door removed ( fully optioned )
HIGH VOLTAGE SECTION
Front view with door removed ( fully optioned )
CONTROL CUBICLE
CONTROL CUBICLE
MECB 17 FI 10, MECB 24 FI 10, MECB 17 SI 10, MECB 24 SI 10, MECB 17 FD 10, MECB 24 FD 10,
MECB 17 SD 10, MECB 24 SD 10
MECB 17 FI 10, MECB 24 FI 10, MECB 17 SI 10, MECB 24 SI 10, MECB 17 FD 10, MECB 24 FD 10,
MECB 17 SD 10, MECB 24 SD 10
2260
MECB 12 FI 10
2260
MECB 12 SI 11
2260
2260
2260
2260
MECB 12 FD 10
MECB 7 SI 10
MECB 12 FI 02
MECB 12 SI 10
2260
TO CT
MECB 12 SD 10
MECB 12 FD 00
2260
2260
MECB 17 FI 10
2260
MECB 17 FI 00
MECB 17 SI 10
2260
2260
MECB 17 FD 10
2260
MECB 17 SD 10
MECB 24 FI 10
2260
2260
2260
MECB 24 SI 10
MECB 24 FI 00
2260
MECB 24 FD 10
2260
MECB 24 SD 10
8. Technical Specifications
The specification detailed below is for the standard ABBACUS.
Contact ABB for solutions outside this specification.
General
Voltage
1 24kV
Control Voltage
230 240V Standard
Maximum Output
Up to 13.2MVar
Frequency
50 or 60 Hz
Location
Indoor or Outdoor
Ambient Temperature
10/+45C #1
Altitude
<1000m above sea level
Humidity Maximum 90% RH non
condensing
Insulation Level 12kV 28/75kV BIL
>12kV17.5kV 38/95kV BIL
>17.5kV24kV 50/125kV BIL
Short Circuit Current
Up to 50kA for 1 second #
Bank Configuration Fixed, switched single
or multistep
Standards
IEC or equivalent
ABB Model
VSC Electrically Latched
Voltage
7.2kV
Type
Vacuum
Phase
Three
Continuous current rating 230A capacitive
Mechanical endurance
100,000+ CO
Auxiliary contacts
Available
Mechanism
Magnetic actuator
Capacitors
Type
Fusing
Discharge Resistor
Losses
Dielectric
Impregnant
Container
Bushings
ABB Model
PS15, PS25 Electrically Latched
Voltage
15, 25kV
Type
Vacuum
Phase
Single
Continuous current rating 200A capacitive
Mechanical endurance
25,000+ CO
Auxiliary contacts
Available
Mechanism
Magnetic actuator
Circuit Breaker
Inrush Reactors
Type
Inductance
Continuous current
Temperature class
ABB Model
V-contact Electrically Latched
Voltage
7.2, 12kV
Type
Vacuum
Phase
Three
Continuous current rating 230A capacitive
Mechanical endurance
100,000+ CO
Auxiliary contacts
Available
Mechanism
Magnetic actuator
ABB Model
Type
Phase
Current rating
Short time current
Auxiliary contacts
Mechanism
Interlocking
VD4
Vacuum
Three
630A
25kA for 1 sec #
Available
Motor
Optional
Isolator
ABB Model NAL
Type
Air insulated
Phase
Three
Current rating
630A
Short time current
25kA for 1 sec #
Auxiliary contacts
Available
Mechanism
Snap action spring
(hand operated)
Interlocking
Optional
Earth Switch
ABB Model
Type
Phase
Short time current
Auxiliary contacts
Mechanism
Mechanical interlock
with Isolator
Interlocking
Where fitted
Optional
SADTEM
Type
Primary
Secondary
Class
Burden
Fuses
ABB Model
Type
Rated current
Short time Current
Striker pin
Fuse clips
Mounting
CEF, CMF
HRC
Up to 315 A#
50 kA (max)
Fitted
Retaining type
Horizontal
Surge Arresters
ABB Model
Nom. Discharge current
Class
Short circuit rating
Energy capability
Material
MWD
10kApk (8/20 s)
2
20kA for 0.2 sec
5.5kJ/kV of Uc
Silicon rubber
Cooling Fan
Type
Volume
Noise level
Power
Centrifugal
2960m3/hr
67dBA
290W
1 bar
10A, 240V AC
106 operations at 50 bar
Changeover
Anti-condensation Heater
Heat output
Voltage Rating
Indication Type
Connection method
Viewing
800W
Busbars
Type
Hard drawn copper
Surface finish
Tinned
Size 40mmx10mm
50mmx10mm
100mmx10mm
3kV to 75kV
LED
Busbar clamp
Enclosure window
5A, 240V AC
10,000,000 CO
Changeover
Enclosure
Contact Rating
Contact type
Safety Interlocking
Type
Mechanical or solenoid
Scheme
Specific to application
Mounting Single and double door
Keys Supplied
Options Key exchange box
Time delay units
6A, 250V AC
Changeover
Earthing Sticks
Stick
Application Method
Earthing
Fault Level
No of Phase Cables
Cable Lengths
Over Current/Earth-Fault
Protection Relay
ABB Model
Measuring System
Control Voltage
Burden
Current input
Alarm/Trip signal
SPAJ140C
Microprocessor-based
80Vac to 265 Vac
15 VA
1 or 5A
Volt-free contacts
SPAJ141C
Microprocessor-based
80Vac to 265 Vac
15 VA
0.2 or 1A
Volt-free contacts
SPAJ160C
Microprocessor-based
80 Vac to 265 Vac
15VA
1 or 5A
Volt-free contacts
While all care has been taken to ensure that the information
contained in this publication is correct, no responsibility
can be accepted for any inaccuracy. We reserve the right to
alter or modify the information contained herein at any time
in the light of technical or other developments. Technical
specifications are valid under normal operating conditions
only. We do not accept any responsibility for any misuse
of the product and cannot be held liable for indirect or
consequential damages.
Contact us