Prerequisites

TECHNICAL DATA
SYMBOL

DESCRIPTION

i2t
Tm

Energy of max earth fault

Ta

Ambient Temperature

Thermal coefficient of resistivity

Resistivity of earthing conductor

Max allowable fusing temperature

K0
TCAP

Thermal capacity of conductor per unit volume

Soil resistivity
Resistivity of the surface layer material
Thickness of the surface layer
Maximum fault clearing time
Total length of buried conductors
Depth of the earthing grid
Earth fault current

Sf

Current division factor

X/R ratio at the fault location

System frequency
Duration of the fault
Total length of horizontal grid conductors
Length of grid conductors on the perimeter
Total length of earthing electrodes / rods
Length of each earthing electrode / rod

A'

Total area of the grid

Maximum length of the grids in the x directions
Maximum length of the grids in the y directions
Maximum distance between any two points on the grid
Spacing between parallel grid conductors
Cross-sectional diameter of a grid conductor

A is the minimum cross-sectional area of the earthing grid conductor (mm2)

A = 16.630826229
Cs is the surface layer derating factor

Cs= 0.9990025

is the touch voltage limit (V)

is the step voltage limit (V)

Etouch,50kg = 17.344084056
Etouch,70kg = 23.474320662

Estep,50kg=

17.499559145

Estep,70kg=

23.684748154

Rg is the earthing grid resistance with respect to remote earth ()

Rg = 0.0004898663

Ig is Symmetrical grid current

Ig = 20

IG is the maximum grid current

IG= 1.7247463558

GPR is the maximum ground potential rise

GPR= 0.0008448952

ECHNICAL DATA

CRIPTION

VALUE

UNIT

A2s

tivity

0.006

C-1

ductor

. cm

ature

146.666667

ctor per unit volume

terial

tors

5
0.003
2
45

Jcm-3C-1

.m
.m
m

45

10

20

1
3
50

Hz

10

the perimeter

odes / rods

rode / rod

25

m2

in the x directions

in the y directions

any two points on the grid

d conductors

d conductors

grid conductor

area of the earthing grid conductor (mm2)

pect to remote earth ()

x= 0.02603184

TA is the dc time offset constant

TA= 235.61945
Df is the decrement factor
Df = 2.97474999

n is Geometric Factor

na= 4
nb=1, for square grids
nc=1 , for square and rectangular grids

nd=1, for square, rectangular and L-shaped grids

NOW
for square grids
for square and rectangular grids
for square, rectangular and L-shaped grids

n=
n=
n=

2.278474253
1.024295039
2.224431599

Ki is Irregularity factor
Ki= 0.8126071

for

Kii is a weighting factor for earth electrodes /rods on the corner mesh
Kii=1 for grids with earth electrodes along the grid perimeter or corners
Kii = 0.4642175

Kh is a weighting factor for depth of burial

Kh = 2.4494897

Km is the geometric spacing factor

Km= 0.1506657
Lm is the effective buried length ,for grids with few or no earthing electrodes
(and none on corners or along the perimeter)
Lm= 13

Em is the mesh voltage

Em= 0.0324868

Ks is the geometric spacing factor

Ks= 0.0212511

Ls is the effective buried length

Ls= 10.05

Es is the maximum allowable step voltage

Es= 0.0059272

RESULT

50 kg:

EARTHING GRID DESIGN IS SAFE

RESULT

70 kg:

EARTHING GRID DESIGN IS SAFE

otherwise

nb= 0.5

otherwise

nc= 1.1122158

otherwise

nd= 0.5121475

otherwise

n= 1.1392371

the corner mesh

r or corners

ng electrodes

OR

Lm is the effective buried length , for grids with earthing

electrodes on the corners and along the perimeter
Lm= 15.58723

ds with earthing
he perimeter

or