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13.2 Lesson.notebook

Name

Class

Date

13,2 Exponential Growth Functions

Essentia| Qu@stion: How is the graph of g(x) = ab- h + k where b > 1 related to the graph

of f(x) = b"?

[]
Resource

A;t,S,A Determine the effects on the key attributes on the graphs of f(x) = b... where b is Lm:ker i
2, I 0 .... when fix' is replaced by of(x), f{x) + (t, and f(x - c) t'or specific positive and
negative real values of a0 c, and d. Also A2.2.A, A2.5,B, A2.5.D, A2.7.1

Graphing and Analyzing f(x) = 2"

and f(x) = 10x
A m'tt expotletttidfimetion is a function of the totn

here b is a positive constani other than I and tle

exponent x s a variable. Notice that there is no single ent exponential function because each choice of the base b
determines a different parent function,

Complete the input-output table lk, r each of the parent exponential l\mctions below.

!
i

x
r=

3 I } #5C5
Graph the parent functions J-'(x) = 2' and p(x) = 10" by plotting points.
---- ......... 7-...i. I-". -/

! -i --T

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What is the range of each fimction?

What is the domain of each function?

Don,ainoff(x)=2k{.x,_-c*>}
Domain ofp(x)= 10<: {x] 7<> /'/:':>}

What is the :-intercept of each function?

"What is the trend of each function?

In both ]'(x) = 2 and p(x) = 10, as the

yAntercept of f(x) --- 2': (O,Y [ )

w,l.o o<.,: n.0as0.,, ,he ,,al.o of

decreases,

yintercept of p(x) = lOq (O, ' )

Reflect

1, Will the domain be the same for eyery parent exponential Iunction? Why or why not?

2. Will the range be the same for every parent exponential function, Why or why not?
............

,,
2 } '::::
.
.2:

__Z...'2z........... ........ J.d...:.......!:......2......--.:.:2 ........ :-'. ................... " " ;- ......... ...........

3. Will die value of the ),-intercept be the same for every' parent exponentM flmcnon, Why el x]ay ot, I

Fi':?':

Predicting Transformations of the Graphs of

f(x) -- 2 and f(x) = 10 =
Based o your experience wRh transforming the parent function f(x) in previotls lessons, make predictions about the
effect of varying the parameters in g(x) = af(x -- ) + d, Co,afirm your predictions using a graphing calculator,
The graph off(x) =- 2' is shown, as Is a separate graph ofp(x) = 10x,

i i-!

!
a
=
,g

t ...........................................................................

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Predict what the graph of each fimction will looklike, and then sketch the graph based on the graph shown on your
calculator.

Q The graph ofg(x) = (2") wiI1 be tile graph off(x)= 2' vertically g'e),':". -:?(+:""t!y. . a
factor of2 ,

I:hb raph ofg,(x) = 3(2') ,,,ill be the graph off(x) = 2' vertically 't! J[.7[!: tt'.([-bya
factor of _ ,

The graph ofqt(x) = 2(1 (V) will be the graph ofp(x) = 10" vertically wl (=.r]rP-ff by a
factor of .. 5) 2

The graph ofq2(x)= (10")will be the graph ofpx) = 10 vertically fOt%{:'2[v'l by a

factor of_]__,
...... i--4

i ii i
:i

I--L;.=I !c
@ The graph ofgdx) = -(2' ) will be the graph off(x) = 2 reflected across the 77 % ;":-.and vertically

by a factor ot',

The graph ofgz(x) = -5(2' ) will be the graph of fix) = 2* reflected across tile .. _7 ,-i.4.-.

and vert cally

of S
.........
byfactor
a

The graph ofqt{x) .... {o(1(.)) will be the graph ofp(x) = t0" reflected across the+ O./'5,
and vertically ,5'J'g:+g!L.d_.. by a factor of__.. .+.

) will be tile graph ofp(x) = 10 rellected across the

The graphofq,(x) =--g(lO
1
and vertically,

by a factor of .

I.

::+

4--[

L_I i_: i_ i
{

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The graph ofg,(x) = 2 +' will be the graph off(x) = 2' translated ....... !.. unit to the _{t{!i!.!}_i. .........

The graph ofg,(x)

= 2 " 4 will be the graph off(x) = 2:' translated
[the
.
units tto
(q te!
.: ! ?"
The graph ofq(x) 10' +2 will be the graph ofp(x) = 10' translated unit to the I l
The graph ofq2(x) = 10'-:' will be the graph ofp(x) = t0-' translated ....... units to the .......... Q .....

yi Ul7--i

!i 18:

U!-%

plx)-:-;i

7-i T-T]

i: !114-

/5_J

i .....

::i:+
I

'

@ The graph of gl(x) =2 + 3 illbe thegraph olfi, x) = 2 translated J units

The graph of&(x) = 2' -- 5 ,,.,ill be the graph offix) = 2 translated .... :[;-, units <] 5' '5
The graph ofq(x) = I0 + 5 will be the graph ofp(x) = 10 translated

units _...!'!.f .............

The graph ofqa(x) = 10 -- 2 will be the graph ofp(x) = 10' translated c5[2' . units

=x

i 161
i '4.

.. I P?L)
-

-22,-

-,-i

Reflect
4,

Dis(ussion Identify the values of a that make the domain and range ofg(x) =. af(x) different from those

off(x) = b!
5"
p,
c

g
;, Identify the values ofh that make the domain ,-rod range ofg(x) = f (x -- It) different from those of
f<x) = b.

-g

6. Identify the values of k that make the domain and range ofg(x) --- f (x) + k different from those of
.f(x) = b'.
......... ; ................................................................................. W< ................... Z; ...................................................................................................... < ............... ; ................. 7-,; ........... i

c
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Graphing Combined Transformations of f() = bx

Where b > 1
A given exponential fimction g(x) = a(b' -') + k with base b can be graphed by recognizing the differences between
the given function and its parent t;anction, fx) = bL These differences define the parameters of the transformation,
where k represents the vertical translation, h is the horizontal translation, and a represents either the vertical stretch

or compression
of the exponentkd function mad whether it is rellected across the x-a.ds,
-o ,. _
You can use the parameters in g(x) ---- a(F' -- h) + k to see what happens to two reference points during a
transformation, '1\vo points that arc easily visualized on the parent exponential fimction are (0, I) and (I, b),

m . transrorma.on, tl, point (0, ) b,,mes (t,, ,, + k) a.d 0, b) beome, ( + h, ,,b + k). The a..rmptote y = 0 for
the parent fmaction becomes y = k
The graphs off(x) = 2' and p(x) = 10' m'e shown below with the reference points anti asymptotes labeled,

{+

i l i i +' i i

>-I-i-i--6- 7 .... ----I

i2
(o,1)y.- Ox;

{r-4_i--2

P L.

i +

+ i

/o,, +L!,

2 4

Example I State the domain and rmage of the given function, Then identif7 the new
values of the reference points and the asymptote. Use these values to graph
the function.

&
t

g(x) = --3(2x-') 4" 1

,y, .... i i
" y.=i

ho,-,o,noin = +l,s bl - +o < .++ < ++!..

[

TTT-TT

The range ofg(x)=- 3 (2---', + 1 is {),.y < 1}.

Examine g(x) and identify the parameters.

t2

a = - 3, which means that the function is reflected across the x-axis

and vertically stretched by a t:actor of 3,

I+++ +,<+;

h = 2, so the functitm is translated 2 units to the right.

k = .l, so the functiml is translated 1 unit up,
I

The point (0, I) become., (h, a + k),

,,

(h,. + k) = (2, - 3 + t)
= (2, - 2)

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(I, b) becomes (l + h, ab + k),

(t +/,,,,b+k)=(t+2,-3(2t+l)
=(3,-6+1)
= (3,- 5)
The asympt61e becomes y = k.
y=k

--*

),=1

Plot the transtbrmed points and asymptote and draw the curve.
( q(x) = 1.s(lo'-') - s

Examine q(x) and identify the parameters,

a = /: so the functmn is stretched vertical_ty by a factor of 1.5.

h so the function is translated 3 unils to the right.

The asymptote becomes y = k,

y=k

--

),=-

Plot the translbrmed pohts alld asymptote and draw the curve,

Your Turn

7. c*) = 4(2+') - 6
=a
-{--+ ....... :-! ......... X l

!
[

(]

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q(x @L(lo. o + 3

'=T "F4:

d-i
L'-_( . ":-.4._: i :1"=2

:J .... .:if:

: : ":- i " T ....

: L.2 J. ,!
Writing Equations for Combined Transformations

of f(x) = b Where b > 1

Given the graph of an exponentia! fimction, you can use your knowledge of the transtbrmation parameters to write
the function rule for the graph, Recall that the asymptote will give the value ofk and the x-coordinate of the first
re;renee point is h, Then let ), he they-coordinate ofthe first point and solve the equation y = a + k tbr a,
Finally,, use a h, and k to write the function in the form g(x) = a (b ') + k,

Example 2

Write the exponential function that wilt produce the given graph, using
the specified value of b. Verify that the second reference point is on the
graph of the function. Then state the domain and range of the function in
set notation.

Let b = 2,
i.<.- ;--..l ......... ' 1

'Yl

" y6"]":

The asymptote is y = 1, showing that k : 1.

The first referen:e point is (--I,-I). This shows that h = -land

thai a + k : --
3"

"

"

: 17:'-7;

Substitute k = 1 and solve for a.

x/ !j
: .<-C: si

a+k=-i

I
a+l:---3
4

c
J

h = -

k-l
E

Substitute these values into g(m = a (b-) + k to find g (x).

X(x) = a(b-') + k

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Verify tha tg{-/

"2 J = _5

= 4_(20 +
3

=/__ (2) + 1
3 "8

3 3

,}.

Let b = 10,

i--- . =-:.....: A!7. f y.i.- i

The asymptote isy = [(5 , showing that k = !0 .

The first reference point is (=4, 4,4). This shows that h --- - t/and

,i i '

'! i,

that a + k = ],:/. Substitute for k and solve for a,

" i-kSl--! :

,, + k= "I,,/

,,+/9 =!,'/
.=/,:

h = L[

Substitute these values into q(x) = a(bx-') + k to find q(x) .

,,.,.=,,I'-"l k= "/,1o (,o":) + I'

Verify that q(--3) = --10,

g
::r

=o7:Io (,o')+

=ito + t.,

The domain ofq(x) is

The range of q(x) is

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Your Turn

%trite the exponential function that will produce the given graph, using the specified
value of b. VcrifX that the second reference point is on the graph of the function, Then
state the domain and range of the function in set notation,

1"
"'>"
,,

, i I
,
, i i " Ii!i

-:

! (4,w)

i ! fxi

. J _:__2 .t 3.Z.;4 i

--;2.

>< I --" <"-<L> ......

JJ

>" ><

/'

10. l) = }()

I : ! I

il/i'

i)

l.i

i i ,

i_'[Ii

i i ! -s"
i

i!!
! !.i
]2' 4

[il
(1/2,2} i

.., ...... .: - .. :.,,

, ,J(._W --< J _j

,,IQ.I , ', (t "

<

o
.E

'

It> ',

) . :; ;., (

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Reflect
. n part A, find the average rates of change over the intervals (0, 4), (4, 8), and (8, 12). Do the rates increase,
ecrease, or stay the same?

Your Turn

Find the function that corresponds with tile given situation. Then graph the fimction
on a calculator and use the graph to make a prediction.

"")(tJohn researches a baseball card and finds that it is currently worth 83.25.

// t-toweven it is supposed to increase in value 1 I% per year. In how many

years will the card be worth $26?

13. How are ret'erence points helpful when graphing transformations off(x) = b or when writing equations

for transformed graphs?

&
5

14, Give the general form of an exponentiaI growth fimction and describe its parameters,
s'-,

Q..,

g"

OD

P.,l2

O,

> '''

<? ?;:- '

15. IEssentiM Question Check-In Which transformations off(x) = b change the function's end behavior?

Which translbrmations change the function's y-intercept?

\

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