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PHY10 : Review
A. Vectors
Scalar Quantity - a quantity which has only magnitude but no direction
Ex. Speed 40 kph
Vector Quantity - a quantity which has both magnitude and direction
Ex. Velocity- 40 kph due north
Analytical Methods of Finding the Resultant
A. Triangle Method construct a triangle using the 2 given vectors and use concepts of
trigonometry such as Cosine Law, Sine Law or Pythagorean Theorem to solve for
the unknown vector.
B. Vector Resolution Method or Component Method- it is the process of resolving
the vector to its vertical and horizontal components
Resultant, R- is the vector sum of 2 or more vectors whose effect is the same as the given
set of vectors.
Ex:
A small boat travels 80.0 km north and then travels 60.0 km east in 1.0 hr. What is
the boats displacement for one-hour trip? What is the boats average speed during the
one-hour trip?
Unit Vectors
A. Scalar Product or Dot Product of vectors A and B = AB cos
B. Vector Product or Cross Product of vectors A and B =AB sin
B. Kinematics
It is the study of how object moves without regard to the cause of motion.
EQUATIONS for motion along a straight
path (x-axis)
VF = VO + at
s = VOt + at2
VF2 = VO2 + 2as
Where:
VF final velocity
VO initial velocity
s horizontal displacement/distance
traveled
a constant acceleration
h vertical displacement/ height
Note : if a = 0 ; V = constant
EQUATIONS for motion along vertical
axis (y-axis)
VF = VO + gt
h = VOt + gt2
Component of VO
VO
VOY = VO sin
VFY = VOY + gt
Velocities
s = Vx t
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h = VOYt + gt2
VFY2 = VOY2 + 2gh
Ex:
A projectile is fired from a gun and has initial horizontal and vertical components of
velocity equal to 30 m/s and 40 m/s, respectively.
a. What is the initial speed of the projectile?
b. Approximately how long does it take the projectile to reach the highest point?
c. What is the speed of the projectile at the highest point in its trajectory?
d. Approximately what is the maximum horizontal distance reached by the projectile
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B. 25 kg
C. 15 kg
D. 20 kg
Ex:
A 10-kg block is set moving with an initial speed of 6 m/s on a rough horizontal
surface. If the friction force is 20 N, approximately how far does the block travel before
it stops?
D. Circular Motion
Centripetal Force (FC)
The net force that causes object to move in a
circular path rather than a straight one.
Centripetal means towards the center, so this
goes towards the axis of rotation.
Centripetal Acceleration (aC)
The acceleration associated with the centripetal
force. It also goes towards the center of rotation.
Also known as the radial acceleration
EQUATIONS
FC = maC
FC = mv2/R
FC = mR2
FC = 4mR2/T2
aC =
v2/R
v=
/R
=
2/T
T = 1/f
Where:
v linear or tangential velocity (m/s)
angular velocity (rad/s)
T period of rotation, time for 1 complete revolution
(seconds)
f frequency, number of revolutions at a given time (per
second or hertz)
FC = 4mR2f2
Newtons Second Law of Motion Applications
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Ex: A 10 kg garbage bag is whirled into a uniform circular motion. The diameter of this
circle is 50m. If the centripetal force was measured to be 84,100 dynes, what is the linear
speed of the garbage bag?
A. 1.45 m/s
B. 12.5 m/s
C. 20.56 m/s D. 17.677 m/s
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