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1. INTRODUCTION
Hooke's Law
Stress produced in a body is directly proportional to strain in the body, within the
elastic limit.
stress
Constant of elasticity
strain
Now depending upon the type of stress and strain produced in the body, constant of
elasticity is of the following three types:
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Normal stress n
Normal strain
e
(1.1)
Shear stress
Shear strain es tan
(1.2)
Hydrostati c stress n
Volumetric strain e
(1.3)
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2. MAIN RESULT
The relationship among Young Modulus of Elasticity among E, Bulk Modulus of
Elasticity K and Rigid Modulus of Elasticity G is given by
9K G
(2.1)
G 3 2 K cos
4 2
where is the angle through which face AD tilted from its original position.
3. DERIVATION
Consider a two dimensional body subjected to shear stress as its lower surface is fixed
and force is applied on the upper surface. Due to produced shear stress the length of
the diagonal DB will increase and length of diagonal AC will increase. The surface
AB will shift rightward to A B as shown in figure.
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From triangle A D A
A A A A
AD
A A tan B B
D B D B B0 B
Strain produced in diagonal DB
DB
2
From triangle B0 B B
tan
B B
cos 0
4 2 B B
B0 B B B cos
4 2
From (3.2) and (3.3), we get
B B cos
4 2
Strain produced in diagonal DB
2
From (3.1) and (3.4), we have
tan cos
4 2
Strain produced in diagonal DB
2
Linear strain produced in diagonal DB
(1 )
E
E E
From (3.5) and (3.6), we get
(3.1)
(3.2)
(3.3)
(3.4)
(3.5)
(3.6)
tan cos
4 2
(1 )
E
2
2 (1 )
tan cos
4 2
2 G (1 )
(3.7)
cos
4 2
Consider a three dimensional body of length , breadth b and thickness t .
Suppose the stress induced in the body along length be x . Similarly stress induced
in the body along breadth b and thickness t be y and z respectively. As we know
that strain induced in the direction of force applied is longitudinal or linear strain and
strain induced in the perpendicular direction of force applied is lateral strain.
E
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For calculating the linear strain in the particular direction, lateral strain induced in the
other direction by the same force is to be subtracted for that particular direction.
Strain produced in the length
e
eb
et
x
E
y
E
x
E
E
E
E
E
E
Overall volumetric strain produced is
eV e eb et
x
E
y
E
y z
2 x
E
E
E
E
3 n 6 n 3 n
(1 2 )
E
E
E
3 n
E
(1 2 )
eV
E 3 K (1 2 )
eV
(3.8)
Eliminating from (3.7) and (3.8), we get the main result (2.1).
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REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
Singh, S.; Strength of Materials, Tenth Edition, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi,
2010.
[4]
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