Developing Systems Architecture Using QFD

R. Attri Engineering Management Series, Paper No.
4, Nov 2011
Raman K. Attri
Certified Project Director
Certified Quality Director
Certified International Project Manager
Certified Engineering Manager
Certified Product Manager
Certified Six Sigma Green Belt
rkattri@rediffmail.com
Nov 2011
Design Managers Training Slides
Copyright 2011 Raman K. Attri
R. Attri Engineering Management Series, Paper No. 4, Nov 2011
System architecture design is the process of evaluating,
selecting and creating architecture of a componentbased
system.
The objectives of system architecture design are to collect
the users requirement, identify the system specification,
select appropriate system architecture, and determine the
implementation details such as platform, programming
languages, etc.
System architecture design should address the advantage
for selecting a particular architecture from other
architectures.
Definethesystemonbroaderlevel,workoutits
characteristics.
ConvertthosecharacteristicstoFunctionalRequirements
Convertfunctionalrequirementsintosubpartthrough
whichthoserequirementswillbefulfilled.
FlowdowntheFrintosubsystemrequirementsanddefine
designparameters
Customer wants
and
Requirements
Relationship and
importance of
Customer
requirements with
CTS (Phenomenon)
Customer
Req
(CTSs)
Phenomenon
How it will be achieved?
Pair
detection
Signal
Detection
Filtering
AD, Kano, Tree,
tech Map
Prioritized CTSs
Prioritized CTQ:
To Next QFD
SYSTEM LEVEL
Product Planning
(Product Characteristics)
Prioritized
Customer
Requirements
(CTQ) from QFD#1
Relationship of CTQ
with the Functional
Blocks of the system
Phenomen
on
(CTQs)
functional block needed to
implement the Phenomenon
How it will be achieved?
Signal
Detection
Sensor Tip
Amplifier
stage
Prioritized CTQs
Prioritized FR
to Next QFD
FUNCTIONAL LEVEL
Filtering
Competitive
Benchmarking
Functional Structure Diagram
Sub-system solutions
Synthesis of solution
Product Features
Assembly Part Deployment
(technical Characteristics
Prioritized
Functional
Requirements
(FRs) from QFD#2
Relationship of
Design Parameters
with FRs
FRs
Design Parameters of
individual functional block
How it individual function
block will be designed?
Sensor Tip
Filter Q
Amplifier
Gain
Prioritized FRs
Prioritized DPs
to Next QFD
SUB-SYSTEM LEVEL
Amplifier
stage
Interfacing and coupling
Axiomatic Design
DFx
Simulation
Mistake Proofing
Product Features
(Part Characteristics)
Prioritized critical
DPs from QFD#3
Relationship of
Design Parameters
with process
Variables
DPs
Manufacturing Process
Variables
How individual DP will be
realized through mfring?
Filter Q
stability oscillations
Prioritized DPs
Prioritized DPs
to Next QFD
COMPONENT LEVEL
Amplifier
gain
Behavioral Simulation
Optimization
DOE
Tolerance Design
Phase I QFD
Phase II
QFD
Product
Specifications
Customer
Wants
(Marketing
Information)
Product
Specifications
Systems / Sub-Systems /
Components
Phase
Progression
System DFMEA
Sub-System DFMEA
Component DFMEA
DFMEA Failure Modes
QFD Phase Progression
Inputs
Boundary Diagram
P-Diagram
Interface Matrix
Drawings
Warranty
FMA
System DFMEA
Sub-System DFMEA
Component DFMEA
Classification
of
Characteristics
SCs & CCs
Process
Operations
Process Related
SCs & CCs
From all DFMEAs
Process FMEA
SCs & CCs
Phase III
QFD
Phase IV
QFD
Process
Parameters /
Variables
High Priority Process
Operations
Causes on
PFMEA
Failure
Modes on
PFMEA
Causes from
DFMEAs
Control Plan
Key Control
Characteristics
Inputs
Process Flow
Line Layout
MFMEA
Failure Data
Process
Capability
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
S
E
V
E
R
I
T
Y
O C C U R R E N C E
CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Safety/Regulatory
SIGNIFICANT
CHARACTERISTICS
Customer Dissatisfacti on
ALL OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
Appropriate actions /
controls already in place
Special Characteristics Matrix
ANNOYANCE
ZONE
R. Attri Engineering Management Series, Paper No. 1, Sept 2005 R. Attri Engineering Management Series, Paper No. 4, Nov 2011
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1.090 TO 1.110 " FACE OF PRIMARY HOUSING
BUSHING TO FACE OF J ACK SHAFT
SEAL
DOWEL PINS 0.260 TO 0.270 " TO
FACE
J ACK SHAFT SEAL AGAINST
SHOULDER
BEARING FLUSH TO SNAP RING FACE
SEAL COMPRESSION HEIGHT
PRIMARY GASKET SEAL SURFACE FINISH
SERATION DAMAGE
Weighted Importance
Relative Importance
G F
H F
H F
G F G
H G H H F H H
F F Y H H H H H G G
F
5
3
9
3
9
9
5
08
1
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1
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2
094
1
002
7
5
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2
6
1
305
4
8
1
30002
7
04
5
990000000
Special Characteristics
Matrix
Process Operation
from Process Flow
Potential Significant
and Critical
Characteristics from
DFMEA
High/Medium Interactions are
causes/failure modes in
PFMEA
Characteristics
Ranked in order of
Importance
Prioritized ranking
of process steps
relative to risk
System DFMEA
Sub-System DFMEA
Component DFMEA
Classification
of
Characteristics
SCs & CCs
Process
Operations
Process Related
SCs & CCs
From all DFMEAs
Process FMEA
SCs & CCs
Phase III
QFD
Phase IV
QFD
Process
Parameters /
Variables
High Priority Process
Operations
Causes on
PFMEA
Failure
Modes on
PFMEA
Causes from
DFMEAs
Control Plan
Key Control
Characteristics
Inputs
Process Flow
Line Layout
MFMEA
Failure Data
Process
Capability
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
S
E
V
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R
I
T
Y
O C C U R R E N C E
CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Safety/Regulatory
SIGNIFICANT
CHARACTERISTICS
Customer Dissatisfacti on
ANNOYANCE
ZONE
Detect Prevent
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POTENTIAL CRITICAL CHARACTERISTICS
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POTENTIAL
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CHARACTERISTICS
Customer Dissatisfaction
ANOYANCE
ZONE
Cascade Technical
Requirements Into Special
Product Characteristics
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Customer
Assessment
Direction of Improvement
P
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i
c
a
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a
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d

S
i
g
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f
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c
a
n
t
1.090 TO 1.110 " FACE OF PRIMARY HOUSING
BUSHING TO FACE OF J ACK SHAFT
SEAL
DOWEL PINS 0.260 TO 0.270 " TO
FACE
J ACK SHAFT SEAL AGAINST
SHOULDER
BEARING FLUSH TO SNAP RING FACE
SEAL COMPRESSION HEIGHT
PRIMARY GASKET SEAL SURFACE FINISH
SERATION DAMAGE
Weighted Importance
Relative Importance
G F
H F
H F
G F G
H G H H F H H
F F Y H H H H H G G
F
5
3
9
3
9
9
5
08
1
8
1
7
2
094
1
002
7
5
4
2
6
1
305
4
8
1
30002
7
04
5
990000000
Special Characteristics
Matrix
Process Operation
from Process Flow
Potential Significant and
Critical Characteristics
from DFMEA & Other
Sources
High/Medium Interactions are
causes/failure modes in
PFMEA
Characteristics
Ranked in order of
Importance
Prioritized ranking
of process steps
relative to risk
Uses systems engineering where management of requirements (based on voice of
customer) drives the process.
Management approach using system performance specifications as opposed to
subsystem, assembly, and process specifications
Ensure customer satisfaction throughout systems life cycle
Tight and controlled integration of systemcomponents
Variance of the whole systemis a function of the variances of the subsystems
Capability and Performance studies to continually track performance at subsystem and
systemlevel
Robustness of final quality
Controlled variation in process steps
PM is on bigger canvas, organizational level activity
concentrating on resources, people, customers, outputs and
many other variables (may be within or outside projects).
Starts well before Research phase and goes to successful
launch of product.
DFSS is methodologies to manage purely Design phase to
produce error free designs of the projects till the project is
completed. DFSS is PDM.
Thevariousvehicle
conceptsarecomparedby
riskofnotmeetingvehicle
orsystemrequirements
TheConceptscome
directlyfromtheVehicle
requirementsphase
Propertoleranceanalysiscanhelpyouincreaseproduct
qualitywhiledecreasingmanufacturingcostsandwaste.
Severaltoleranceanalysisoptionstomeetthisgoal:
WorstCaseAnalysis
RootSumSquared(RSS)Method
DynamicRSSMethod
MonteCarloSimulation
TaguchiQualityLossFunction
MinimizesensitivityofCTQtoprocessparameters
Limitthevariationoftheoverallsystemperformance
variationsofkeysubpartorcomponent.
AboutAuthor:
Author is Global Learning and Training Consultant. He has over 15 years of project management, product
development and quality management experience in leading MNC product development corporations. He has
earned numerous international certification awards Certified Management Consultant (MSI USA/ MRA USA),
Certified Six Sigma Green Belt Professional (Six Sigma India), Certified Quality Director (ACI USA), Certified
Engineering Manager (SME USA), Certified Project Director (IAPPM USA), to name a few. He holds MBA,
Executive MBA, Masters in Technology and Bachelor in Technology. In addition to this, he has 60+ educational
qualifications, credentials and certifications in his name. His research and training interests are in learning,
development, performance management, research management and product development.
Email:rkattri@rediffmail.com
Website:http://sites.google.com/site/ramankumarattri
LinkedIn:http://www.linkedin.com/in/rkattri/
.

Developing Systems Architecture Using QFD

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Developing Systems Architecture Using QFD

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