DIAGRAM OF LATHE MACHINE

Explanation of the standard components of most lathes:

Bed: Usually made of cast iron. Provides a heavy rigid frame on which all the
main components are mounted.
Ways: Inner and outer guide rails that are precision machined parallel to assure
accuracy of movement.
Headstock: mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways, usually at the left
end. Using a chuck, it rotates the work.
Gearbox: inside the headstock, providing multiple speeds with a geometric

ratio by moving levers.

Spindle: Hole through the headstock to which bar stock can be fed, which
allows shafts that are up to 2 times the length between lathe centers to be worked
on one end at a time.
Chuck: 3-jaw (self centering) or 4-jaw (independent) to clamp part being
machined.
Chuck: allows the mounting of difficult workpieces that are not round, square
or triangular.
Tailstock: Fits on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position
the headstock to fit the length of the work piece. An optional taper turning
attachment would be mounted to it.
Tailstock Quill: Has a Morse taper to hold a lathe center, drill bit or other tool.
Carriage: Moves on the outer ways. Used for mounting and moving most the
cutting tools.
Cross Slide: Mounted on the traverse slide of the carriage, and uses a
handwheel to feed tools into the workpiece.
Tool Post: To mount tool holders in which the cutting bits are clamped.
Compound Rest: Mounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post.
Apron: Attached to the front of the carriage, it has the mechanism and controls
for moving the carriage and cross slide.
Feed Rod: Has a keyway, with two reversing pinion gears, either of which can
be meshed with the mating bevel gear to forward or reverse the carriage using a
clutch.
Lead Screw: For cutting threads.
Split Nut: When closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by
direct drive without using a clutch.
Quick Change Gearbox: Controls the movement of the carriage using levers.
Steady Rest: Clamped to the lathe ways, it uses adjustable fingers to contact the
workpiece and align it. Can be used in place of tailstock or in the middle to
support long or unstable parts being machined.
Follow Rest: Bolted to the lathe carriage, it uses adjustable fingers to bear
against the workpiece opposite the cutting tool to prevent deflection.

Tapex Brand Drilling And Tapping Machine Specifications Of All Sizes

Lathe machine
. PRESENTATION ON LATHE MACHINE
PRINCIPLE OF LATHE Lathe is a machine, which is used to
remove metal from the

workpiece to required shape and size.

3. COMPONENTS OF LATHE
4. TYPES OF LATHES Speed Lathe : It is the simplest type lathe. It
is mainly used for metal spinning, polishing etc.
Bench Lathe : It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is
used for turning small and light weight workpiece. Tool Room Lathe :
It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and accurate
parts in tool room.
5. Turret Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production and for
heavy duty workpieces
. Capsten Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production used for
light duty workpieces. Special Purpose Lathe : These lathes are
modification of engine lathes developed for machining special types
of workpices.
6. Automatic Lathe Engine Lathe Tracer Lathe Computer
Controlled lathe Swiss Type Automatic Lathe Duplicating Lathe
COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHE Computer
Numerical Controls (CNC) Equipped with one or more turrets Each
turret is equipped with a variety of tools Performs several operations
on different surfaces of the workpiece
8. TURRET LATHE Capable of performing multiple cutting operations
on the same workpiece Turning Boring Drilling Thread
cutting Facing Turret lathes are very versatile Types of turret lathes
Ram-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddle Saddle
type: more heavily constructed Used to machine large
workpeiceces

ENGINE LATHE
BENCH LATHE AUTOMATIC LATHE
11. PARTS OF LATHE Bed : Supports all major components
Carriage: Slides along the ways and consists of the cross-slide, tool
post, apron Headstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies
power to the jaws and has various drive speeds Tailstock : Supports
the other end of the workpiece Feed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod
is powered by a set of gears from the headstock
12. LATHE BED Heavy, rugged casting Made to support working
parts of lathe On topsection are machined ways Guide and align
major parts of lathe
13. HEADSTOCK Clamped on left-hand end of bed Headstock
spindle Hollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearings Provides
drive through gears to work-holding devices
14. CARRIAGE Used to move cutting tool along lathe bed
Consists of three main parts Saddle Cross-slide Apron
15. APRON
16. 16 TAILSTOCK
17. ACCESSORIES Chucks : Three jaw chuck Four jaw
chuck Collet chuck Centres: Live centre Dead centre
Tipped centre Ball centre Mandrels : Plain mandrel
Stepped mandrel Collared mandrel Screwed mandrel
18. Chucks : Three Jaw Chuck (Self Centering Chuck) : This
chuck is used to hold circular workpiece and is available in sizes from
100mm to 600 mm. Four Jaw Chuck (Independent Chuck) : It is
used to hold rectangular, sqare and irregular shaped workpieces .
ACCESSORIES
19. Collet Chuck : Pull poerating rod Push poerating rod It is
ideal for holding tube andthin walled workpieces.
20. Centres: Live Centre Dead Centre Ball Centre Pipe
Centre Half Centre Tipped Centre

Mandrels : Plain Mandrel Collared Mandrel Screwed Mnadrel

Stepped Mandrel
22. LATHE OPERATIONS
23. Turing Facing Boring Drilling Taper Camfering Grooving
Forming Reaming Undercutting Thread cutting Knurling LATHE
OPERATIONS
24. BORING Boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow
workpieces Boring mills are used for large workpieces Holes
can be bored up to 20M if needed See fig. 22.20 Machines are
available with a variety of features Horizontal boring machines
Jig borers
25. TURNING Forces in turning Cutting force: acts downward
on the tool tip Thrust force: acts in the longitudinal direction
Radial force: acts in the radial direction Roughing and Finishing
Cuts Rough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional
tolerance Finishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cut Tool
Materials, Feeds, and Cutting Speeds Cutting Fluids

CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT

Cutting
speed=dn mm/min 1000Feed : It is expressed in mm/rev Depth of
cut : t=D-d mm 2
. SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY Clearance Rake End
cutting edge angle Side cutting edge angle