Fixed Frequency Boundary Control of Buck Converter With 2nd Order Switching Surface

Fixed-Frequency Boundary Control of Buck Converter
With Second-Order Switching Surface

- The a dva n ced d ig it a l ized c on trol in SMPS…… . .
Under The Guidance- Seminar presentation by-

Mr. PAPANNA DHANANJAY,
Mr. JAY KUMAR,
M.TECH-POWER ELECTRONICS,
SENIOR LECTURER,
2nd SEMESTER, TOCE, EEE Dept,
TOCE, EEE Dept, VTU.
11 VTU
INTRODUCTION:
The control of Buck converter is done by BOUNDARY

CONTROL TECHNIQUES with linear switching
surfaces, such as Hysteresis control and Sliding-mode
control , or nonlinear switching surfaces have been proposed
to be alternatives to pulse width-modulated control strategies
in dc/dc switching regulators.
22
Fixed Frequency Boundary Control
AIM:
To achieve an ideal switching surface . That leads to
Global and large signal stability.
Good large-signal operation.
Fast Dynamics.
Better steady-state and transient behaviors.
Reduce the hardware & software design complexity.
Immune to Chaos due to Electro magnetic Interference from
outside source
33
Existing System:
CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR

THE BUCK CONVERTER
PWM Boundary control with

undary control with Fuzzy logic along w
ding Controller Control PID controller
Hysteresis Controller
ler
44
PROBLEM STATEMENT:
In conventional DC/DC controllers we are facing the following

problems:
q Deterred steady-state behaviors.
q The Transient Dynamics is not optimized.
q Chattering as a result of imperfect control switchings
q When a converter is operated in the discontinuous
conduction mode, an additional boundary due to the
zero inductor current is created which forms an unstable
combination.
55
The Challenge:
To design the universally acceptable DC/DC controller that satisfies

the aims and Overcomes the problems specified.
66
PROPOSED SOLUTION:
Use Fixed Frequency Boundary Control technique with

Second- Order Switching Surface to design the
DC/DC controller.
77
ELABORATING OF THE TOPIC
q Fixed Frequency: The output power is controlled by

making Frequency as constant even under variation in the input
voltage.
q Boundary Control: controlling of on & off state trajectory for
maintaining large-signal stability.
q Buck Converter: It’s a fixed DC to variable DC converter, where
output voltage is always less than or equal to input voltage. The
output voltage can be varied by varying the duty cycle.
i.e., Vo/Vs= D continue……
88
Continue………
2nd order Switching Surface:

q
Ø It consists of two poles

Ø It controls the hysteresis band by generating upper and lower
bands together.
Ø It helps in determining the switching times of the main switch S.
Ø It exhibit better steady-state and transient behaviors than the one
with a first-order switching surface.
99 Fixed Frequency Boundary Control

WORKING OF THE
CONTROLLER:
Figure 1: System Block Diagram.

Figure 2: System Implementation
1111
Figure 3: Small-signal block diagram of the control loop.
1212
Figure 4: Key time-domain waveforms of the converter.
1313
In Mode 1 (t1 ≤ t < t3), S is ON and D is OFF.
In Mode 2 (t3 ≤ t < t5 ), S is OFF and D is ON.
1414
As the load variation is small, vC is relatively constant
over a switching cycle. Thus
Then, by substituting equation (4.6) into (4.2), the Mode-1 state trajectory
can be shown to be
Where,
1515
Assume that iC varies linearly in Mode 2. By
substituting (4.5) into (4.3)
Thus, by substituting (4.8) into (4.4), the Mode-2 state trajectory can be
shown to be
Where,
1616
CRITERIA FOR TURN ON & OFF:
The criteria for switching S ON is based on considering
that
Thus, by substituting (4.10) and (4.11) into (4.7), S will be switched ON

when
and 4.12
The criteria for switching S OFF is based on considering that
and
Thus, by substituting (4.13) and (4.14) into (4.9), S will be switched OFF
when

FIGURE 5: STATE-PLANE TRAJECTORIES (SOLID LINES: MODE-1
TRAJECTORIES, DOTTED LINES: MODE-2 TRAJECTORIES).
1818
SWITCHING FREQUENCY AND
OUTPUT VOLTAGE RIPPLE:
By substituting (4.5) into (4.1) and (4.3), it can be
shown that
and
Equations (4.12) and (4.15) will then give
and
Where
1919
Thus, by substituting (4.18) and (4.19) into (4.16) and
(4.17), the switching frequency fS is equal to
Where and
2020
SMALL-SIGNAL MODELING:
Based on (4.20), the small-signal frequency-to-ripple
transfer function GSBC of SBC is
Where ,
Δ = >The steady-state value of the hysteresis band.
KT => The total gain including the gain of the transducers.
The transfer function of FVC is, GFVC = KFVC
The transfer function of the low-pass filter at the output of

FVC is
2121
Where
is the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter.

Transfer unction of a non inverting EA is
Where is the cutoff frequency of the EA.
The loop gain TOL of the frequency control loop is
2222
SIMPLIFIED DESIGN PROCEDURES:
The system is designed by considering the following

specifications:
a) Input voltage vi: [Vin,min, Vin,max];
b) Output voltage vo: Vo;
c) Maximum output voltage ripple: ΔVo;
d) Maximum inductor current ripple: ΔIL;
e) Switching frequency: fS.
The design procedures are described as follows.

qThe minimum values of L and C in the power stage are designed by the
formulas of
and
2323
qthe values of K1 and K2 are chosen to be
and
Where
The values of RLP, CLP, RC, and CC are chosen so that ωLP = 2 ωC = α
(2πfS), where α << 1.
and
2424
TABLE 1: COMPONENT VALUES OF THE PROTOTYPE
FIGURE 6.B: CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM SHOWN IN

FIGURE 2.
2525
FIGURE 6.A: CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM SHOWN IN
FIGURE
2626 2.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION:
A 140 W buck converter has been designed and
tested and the specifications are given as follows:
a) Input voltage, vi: 20–30 V;
b) Output voltage, vo: 12 V;
c) Maximum output voltage ripple, 2Δ: 160 mV;
d) Maximum inductor current ripple: 7 A;
e) Switching frequency: 25 kHz;
2727
Sudden change of the output current io
from 11A (132 W) to 2.5A (30 W).
(VO: 1V/div, io: 5A/div, vg: 2V/div)
(Time base: 100μs/div).
Transient response of vf and Δ
when current changed from 11A to
2.5 A and 2.5A (30 W) to 11A
(132 W).
2828
Sudden change of the input voltage Sudden change of the input voltage
vi from 20Vto 30V. vi from 30V to 20V

Switching frequency and output
voltage ripples without the
proposed control method.
3030
Switching frequency and output
voltage ripples with the
proposed control method.
3131
Characteristics of the
control loop shown in
Figure (a) Gain
curve. (b) Phase curve.
3232
CONCLUSIO
N:
An improved boundary control technique with
second-order switching surface for buck converters has
been presented which provides-
q By using of SBC the converter can reach the steady state in two
switching actions after large-signal disturbances.
q The switching frequency can be kept at a relatively constant value and
the implementation of the frequency control loop only requires
simple circuitry.
3333
Finally, I Thank to novel Boundary control method
That as boosted the performance of the control
system in
DC/DC converter system.
3434
Q/A
Questions and answer time
3535
THANK YOU
3636

Fixed Frequency Boundary Control of Buck Converter With 2nd Order Switching Surface

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Fixed Frequency Boundary Control of Buck Converter With 2nd Order Switching Surface

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Formate disponibile

Fixed-Frequency Boundary Control of Buck Converter

With Second-Order Switching Surface

Under The Guidance- Seminar presentation by-

The control of Buck converter is done by BOUNDARY

CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR

PWM Boundary control with

In conventional DC/DC controllers we are facing the following

To design the universally acceptable DC/DC controller that satisfies

Use Fixed Frequency Boundary Control technique with

q Fixed Frequency: The output power is controlled by

2nd order Switching Surface:

Ø It consists of two poles

99 Fixed Frequency Boundary Control

Figure 1: System Block Diagram.

In Mode 2 (t3 ≤ t < t5 ), S is OFF and D is ON.

Thus, by substituting (4.10) and (4.11) into (4.7), S will be switched ON

1717 Fixed Frequency Boundary Control

Equations (4.12) and (4.15) will then give

The transfer function of FVC is, GFVC = KFVC

The transfer function of the low-pass filter at the output of

is the cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter.

Where is the cutoff frequency of the EA.

The loop gain TOL of the frequency control loop is

The system is designed by considering the following

The design procedures are described as follows.

FIGURE 6.B: CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM SHOWN IN

2929 Fixed Frequency Boundary Control

Questions and answer time

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