German Grammar Guide

German Grammar Guide
Senior Missionary Language Training

Instructions to Language Tutors and Missionaries
The objective of the language tutoring program for senior missionaries is to enable them, and others, to
begin communicating meaningfully as early as possible in their mission language. In order to help
accomplish this objective, this grammar guide provides a focus on only the most basic grammatical
structures of the language for those who are studying the language for the first time. By limiting the focus
of the missionaries to the basic concepts outlined in this guide, seniors will be able to concentrate their
energy and attention on doing a few things very well, rather than trying to cover everything. The content
of this guide has been prepared to enable seniors to communicate the following in their mission language:
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Asking about and Expressing a State of Being

Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership
Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories
Asking about and Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, and Intention or purpose
Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events
Asking and Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Location
Asking and Answering questions of Contrasting Attitudes, Emotions, Feelings
Asking and Answering Questions of Quality, Quantity, Number, and Sequence
Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect
The lessons are designed to ensure that the missionaries can communicate each of the above concepts
under the following three conditions:
1) using both questions and answers
2) in the simplest forms of the present, past, and future
3) in both the affirmative and the negative
Lesson sequence to be followed: It is recommended that the grammar lessons be studied in the sequence
that they appear in this guide. Missionaries may refer to other language texts for further explanations on
any of the points of grammar as they move through this guide.
Teach and practice from the visual displays: Use the visual displays in this document for practice
during tutoring sessions. They are designed to provide a visual connection between tutor and learner,
especially when on the telephone. The visual nature of the displays is intended to eliminate much of the
need for grammar rules, by showing rather than explaining.
Refer when necessary to a language text: For each lesson in this document, missionaries and tutors may
refer to a language text whenever necessary to answer questions they may have regarding the grammar,
and should continue to refer to it once they are in the field.
Pace for moving through this grammar guide: There is no need to move too quickly through the
lessons. Time should be spent on building confidence in using the structures in each lesson before moving
June 3, 2011
on. Spend the necessary time increasing vocabulary and reviewing previous lessons before moving too
quickly ahead. The lessons will build on each other as you move through the sequence.
Use a variety of activities: It is not necessary to cover a new lesson in each tutoring session.
Missionaries will gain more confidence when they are given the opportunity to participate in a variety of
activities on the same principle. This will more likely ensure that they are not only mastering concepts
and structures as they go, but that they have ample opportunity to review and maintain their confidence in
all past lesson material. Tutors should plan and conduct many communicative language-type activities
as part of their tutoring, including the performance of tasks, which are studied separately.
Speak the language: Speak the language at every opportunity. An explanation here and there may be
necessary in English, but missionaries need ample opportunity to see themselves communicating in the
language. This will build their confidence more than anything else. Tutors should limit their own use of
the language to the structures and vocabulary that the missionaries have learned up to that point, so as to
increase the likelihood of their success in listening and responding in the language during tutoring
sessions.
Organize note-taking: When missionaries have questions on particular grammatical structures, they
should write any notes in the margins of the text or on the visual display sheets of this document where
that particular principle is located. By doing so, their notes will be automatically organized for future
reference, because they will be written on the pages which deal with that principle.
Use a pocket notebook for vocabulary: Vocabulary items should be written in an organized way in a
small, pocket-sized notebook, which can be carried with them for easy reference while speaking the
language. Keep two separate lists for easy access; one of verbs, and the other for general vocabulary
items. For example, keep a list of verbs in the front of the notebook, and a list of all other vocabulary
items in the back. Write in the language on the left side of the page, with the English equivalent on the
right side. This makes for easy review by covering either one or the other side of the list.
Use vocabulary notebook for review: Not having easy access to ones notes is one of the most
frustrating hindrances of note taking, and thus of systematic review. By using the vocabulary notebooks,
missionaries can be much more successful in their review because they can always be working from a
current, up-to-date list. Be selective at first. Dont try to remember or write everything down. Select
those vocabulary items / verbs that you will use most frequently and build from there.
June 3, 2011
Table of Contents_________________________________________________________
1. Overview of the Language..................................................................................................................... 5
2. Alphabet & Basic Pronunciation........................................................................................................... 6
3. Introduction to Cases............................................................................................................................. 9
Asking About / Expressing a State of Being
4. Nominative Case/ Subject - to be..........................................................................................................10
5. Accusative Case/ Direct Object to have.............................................................................................11
6. Dative case/ Indirect Object to be...................................................................................................... 12
Asking about and Expressing Possession or ownership
7. Genitive Case/ Possession......................................................................................................................13
Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
8. Adjectives - Weak.................................................................................................................................. 14
9. Adjectives - Strong................................................................................................................................ 15
Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention, or Purpose Part 1
10. To have to / Must................................................................................................................................ 16
11. To be able to / Can............................................................................................................................... 17
12. Be allowed to / May............................................................................................................................. 18
13. To like to / To like............................................................................................................................... 19
14. Would like............................................................................................................................................ 20
15. Future tense.......................................................................................................................................... 21
16. Purpose clause...................................................................................................................................... 22
Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Event
17. Conversational Past Haben............................................................................................................... 23
18. Conversational Past Sein...................................................................................................................24
Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Date, and Location
19. Where?................................................................................................................................................. 25
20. When?.................................................................................................................................................. 26
Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect
21. Verb kickers......................................................................................................................................... 27
Narrating Simple Experiences & Stories
22. Verb to be in the past tense.............................................................................................................. 28
23. Accusative Reflexive.......................................................................................................................... 29
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24. Dative Reflexive................................................................................................................................. 30

Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention , or Purpose Part 2
25. I would. like........................................................................................................................................ 31
26. I would have........................................................................................................................................32
27. I would................................................................................................................................................. 33
Asking and Answering questions of contrasting attitudes, emotions, feelings
28. What do you think about_?.................................................................................................................. 34
Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence
29. Wie questions....................................................................................................................................... 35
Appendix
Article Chart...............................................................................................................................................36
Accusative Prepositions............................................................................................................................. 36
Dative Prepositions.................................................................................................................................... 36
Two Way Prepositions............................................................................................................................... 36
Adjective Endings Weak.........................................................................................................................36
Adjective Endings Strong....................................................................................................................... 37
Present Regular Verb Conjugation............................................................................................................ 37
Simple Past Verb Conjugation................................................................................................................... 37
Types of Verbs........................................................................................................................................... 37
Verb Guide Chart....................................................................................................................................... 38
Conversational Past: haben vs. sein........................................................................................................... 39
Time Telling Aid........................................................................................................................................40
June 3, 2011
1. Overview of The Language

o Unlike English, German has gender, which affects many parts of speech.
o Describe nouns, pronouns, adjectives, verbs, direct & indirect objects, prepositions, definite &
indefinite articles.
What is a noun?
-Person, place, or thing.
-In German, nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter.
What is a verb?
-Words that show action. (Examples: to eat, to dance, to speak etc).
What is an infinitive verb?
- The dictionary form of the verb; un-conjugated. (Ex: to speak, to eat, to live)
- In German, infinitive verbs always end in en.
Examples of infinitives: sprechen (to speak), schlafen (to sleep), gehen (to go).
- Each verb ending follows a pattern which agrees with the subject of the verb.
- To conjugate the verb, remove the en ending from the infinitive (this part then is called the
stem of the verb) and add the appropriate endings that correspond with the desired subject (-e, st, -t, -en, -t and en; this will be shown in following lessons). If the stem of the verb ends in
t or d, add an e before the st and t endings.
- When 2 verbs follow each other (e.g. I want to go), the 2nd one is always in the infinitive
(except with helping verbs like to have & to be.)
What is an adjective?
-Describes a noun. (Example: the cat has a beautiful tail. The word beautiful describes the
tail, so it is an adjective).
-Because nouns are either masculine, feminine or neuter the adjective must agree with the noun
in both gender (masculine, feminine or neuter) and number (singular or plural).
What is a subject (object)?
-The subject (object) of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action of the sentence.
(Examples: I eat, she studies, the president interviews, the missionaries teach, etc.)
June 3, 2011
2. Alphabet and Basic Pronunciation

o Learn the alphabet and basic elements of pronunciation so that you can begin to read in the
language.
For additional help refer to the alphabet in a German reference book.
o Establish and maintain regular daily reading exercises from Preach my Gospel, Scriptures, The
Liahona, and/or the Hymns, for pronunciation and comprehension purposes.
o Make sure reading activities are put on the calendar for each day.
LETTER
PRONUNCIATION
SOUND
The long a sound equates to the English a in bar or

calm. The short a sound is very clipped, much like the
vowel sound in the English but.
It is pronounced no differently from English when it precedes a

vowel, but b hardens to a pat the end of a word or syllable,
or before an s or a t.
Berg, berufen
ob, Stab
It is pronounced as the English k when at the beginning of a

word. In the middle or end of a word it appears in the
combinations ch and ck. See bottom of this page.
Bach, ich
Christus, Chrom
It is pronounced no differently from the English, but d is

pronounced as a t at the end of a word or syllable, or before
an s or a t.
dort, Dame
Pferd, Stadt
The long e sound is pronounced like the ay sound in the

English day or played, but the German sound is a longer
one which does not slide away into English ee. The short e
sounds like the e in English get or set.
It is pronounced as the English f in fame, knife or

flute, but never like of.
It is pronounced no differently from the English, but g hardens

to a k, when it occurs at the end of a word or syllable, or
before an s or a t.
Apfel, aber
das, hatten
heben, jeden
Erde, werden
fallen, Firma
gehen, Hoffnung
The German letter h is always clearly pronounced at the

beginning of a word, or when a word beginning with h
appears as a second element in a compound noun, but if an h
occurs in the middle of a word on the other hand, it is not
pronounced and the preceding vowel is lengthened.
haben, heute
gehen, ihnen
It sounds like the English ee in fleet or seem, but it can

also be short, like in the English word mist.
Tier, ihm
ist, ich
The German letter j is pronounced like the y in the English

word young.
Jogurt, Jahr
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It is pronounced the same as its English equivalent, only with

slightly less release of air.
The German l sounds much lighter and also flatter than the
English l. It is quite close in sound to the English million or
billion.
Always as the English m.
Mutter, machen
Always as the English n.
Nacht, nein
The long o sound is pronounced like the sound in the English

words low and go, but with the lips more rounded and the
mouth more open. The short o sounds like the o in the
English not or rot, only shorter and with a slightly more
rounded mouth.
Bohne, Ohr
folgen, Wort

Punkt, Papier
As in English, the German letter "q" is always followed by the

letter u. qu is always pronounced as the kv in the Yiddish
word kvetch.
Quark, quitschen
There are two ways of pronouncing r. 1 - When r precedes

a vowel, it is pronounced almost as if you were gargling, but
without water. 2 - When r precedes a consonant or is at the
end of a word, it is pronounced as a vowel. It sounds like the last
sound in the American word yeah, or like the sound an
Englishman makes at the end of the word hear.
Raum, rund
Tiger, lernen
When the German s comes before a vowel it is pronounced

like an English z". When it comes at the end of a word it is
pronounced like an English s.
sie, sehen
als, nachts

Tante, Tomate
For the long u sound think of the English vowel sound in

hoot or boot, but with the lips much more rounded. The
short u sound equates to a much shorter version of the
English sounds in push or foot.
Uhr, zu
unter, und
The German letter v is pronounced like the English letter f.
Vogel, vier
It is pronounced like the English v as in the English word

victory.
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Kuh, Kirche
Lampe, Lffel
wer, wohnen
It sounds like kse as in explain or gz sound as in

example.
The pronunciation of the German y depends on the position of

the letter in the word. If it is positioned within a word it sounds
just like . If y stands at the beginning or end of a word,
then it is pronounced in exactly the same way as it is in English.
The German z is a combination of two separate sounds. Its a

t and s said together, as in the English words cats and
hits.
ei, ai
The combinations of ei or ai are pronounced similar to the

i in the English word sign.
eins, Main
ie
The combination ie is the common spelling for the long vowel

[i:] as in the English word knee.
Biene, Ziel
Hexe, Xylophon
Typ, Typen
Yoga, Yacht
Zebra, ziehen
The combination eu or u is pronounced like the oy in

the English word boy.
Freund, Bume
au
The combination of au is pronounced like the ou in the

English word house or bounce.
Traube, taufen
ch
There are two sounds for the pronunciation of ch. After a,

o, u or au, it is approximately the sound you make when
you clear your throat.
After all other sounds, ch is pronounced much like the sound
some English speakers make at the beginning of words like
human, huge or hue.
Bauch, acht
Chemie, ich
ck
The German sound ck behaves just like the English consonant

k. The vowel preceding it is always short and stressed.
backen, Hecke
ss,
These are pronounced the same, much like the s in the English
word some or the c in cell.
essen, i
There is no letter in English that can be compared to this. It is

the sound you make if you didnt understand what somebody just
told you ahhhh?.
spter, tglich
This letter is formed by saying an English e with your lips

rounded.
glcklich, ben
This is formed by saying an English a with your lips rounded.
eu, u
June 3, 2011
knnen, bse
3. Introduction to Cases
o Case: The way German marks who is doing what to/for whom in the sentence.
*More technically, the case carries a marker (der, die, das) to indicate the grammatical
function of any given noun or adjective in the sentence
o Consider the following example:
The woman gave the man the book.
o In English, word order determines what case a noun is in, or WHO is doing WHAT to/for
WHOM. In this sentence we know that the woman did the giving, the book was what was given,
and the man was the one it was given to. We know this because of the order of the words in the
sentence. In English, if the word order is changed, the meaning is also changed. For example,
The man gave the woman the book. Now, the man is the one giving and the woman, the one
receiving. In the English example, The woman gave the book the man, suddenly the book is
the one receiving the man!
o In German, the word preceding a noun (the article) carries an ending that tells what case
the noun is in, as well as which gender the noun has. This allows us to move words around in a
sentence and retain the same meaning. Consider the following example:
The woman gave the man the book.
Die Frau gab dem Mann das Buch.
o Unlike the English example, changing the word order does not change the meaning of the
German sentence because of the endings on the word the. For example, Dem Mann gab die
Frau das Buch, still means that the woman gave the man the book because the words for the
have retained their endings. Likewise, Die Frau gab das Buch dem Mann, still means that the
woman gave the man the book. Notice that the thes never change.
o From this we learn that recognizing what case a noun is in is very important so that we can make
sure we use the proper endings and convey the meaning we desire.
o The four cases for German are:
Nominative - Subject: Who or what is doing the action? In our example: the woman / die Frau.
Accusative Direct Object: Who or what is being directly acted upon? The action is being done to
whom? In our example: the book / das Buch.
Dative Indirect object: Who is indirectly affected by the action? This is usually thought of in
conjunction with the word to. In our example, the book is given to whom? the man / dem Mann.
Genetive - Possesion: Who or what is the possessor? This is usually thought of in conjunction with
the word of. We could change our example to say, the book of the man, / das Buch des
Mannes.
o See appendix for the articles in their various cases pg. 36
June 3, 2011
4. Asking About / Expressing State of being

Nominative Case - Subject
(See the verb sein in a German reference book)
o State of Being e.g. I am happy, sad, tired, grateful, etc.
o Roles e.g. We are missionaries, Americans, etc.
Ich bin
I am
Amerikaner.
American.
sein = to be
1st
Ich bin
I am
Wir sind
We are
Du bist
Ihr seid
You are
You are
2nd
3rd
not
Sie sind*
You are
Er ist
He is
Sie ist
she is
Es ist
It is
(nicht)
Sie sind
They are
(kein,
keine)
not a (no)
Nominative article
masc. fem. neut. plur.

der die
das die
glcklich
traurig
mde
hungrig
begeistert
- happy
- sad
- tired
- hungry
- excited
Amerikaner (in) (m,f)

Deutscher (m,f)
Missionar (e) in (nen)
Mitglied (m,f) (er)
- American
- German
- missionary
- member
Elder(m) _______
Sister(f) _______
Bischof (m)
Missionsprsident (en)
- Elder ______
- Sister ______
-Bishop
Mission President
( ) = masculine, feminine, neuter

-in indicates femininity
Examples:
Q. Sind Sie glcklich?

Are you happy?
A. Ja, ich bin glcklich.

Yes, I am happy.
A. Nein, ich bin nicht glcklich.

No, I am not happy.
Q. Ist er Amerikaner? A. Ja, er ist Amerikaner. A. Nein, er ist kein Amerikaner.

Is he American?
Yes, he is American.
No, he is not American.
* Sie is used in formal speaking (i.e. Those you want to show respect to, colleagues, superiors, etc.)
* Practice switching between du and Sie. (ex. between friends and new acquaintances at church)
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10

Accusative Case - Direct Object
(see accusative prepositions in the appendix; see definite-indefinite article chart in the appendix)
Ich habe
I have
einen
a
Bruder.
Brother.
haben = to have
st
nd
Singular
Ich habe
I have
Plural
Wir haben
We have
Du hast
Ihr habt
You have
You have
3rd
eine
eine
eine
keine
keine
keine
Schwester (n) f
+ Bibel (n)
f
Mutter ()
f
kein
kein
kein
keine
keine
Kind (er)
Zeugnis (e)
Buch (er)
Freunde
Fragen
n
n
n
pl
pl
Idee
Plan
Brot
or
ein
ein
ein
-----
Sie haben*
You have
Sie haben
They have
Accusative article

den die
das die
Ich sehe
I see
Du siehst
you see
Er sieht
he sees
Wir sehen
we see
Ihr sieht
you see
Sie sehen
You/They see
m - father
m - brother
keinen
keinen
Er hat
He has
Sie hat
She has
Es hat
It has
Vater ()
Bruder ()
einen
einen
mich
me
uns
us
dich
you
ihn, sie, es
him, her, it
euch
you
sie, Sie
they/ you*
- sister
- Bible
- Mother
- child
- testimony
- book
- friends
- questions
- idea
m - plan
n - bread
Examples:
Q. Sehen Sie ihn?

Do you see him?
A. Ja, Ich sehe ihn.

Yes, I see him.
Q. Hat er einen Bruder?

Does he have a brother?
A. Nein, er hat keinen Bruder.

No, He doesnt have a brother.
June 3, 2011
11

Dative Case- Indirect Object
(See dative case articles and prepositions in the appendix)
Sie ist
She is
bei mir
by me (at my house)
Singular
A. Ja, das ist / sind

Yes, that / those is / are
Plural
wichtig
important
Q. Ist / Sind das

Is / are that / those
heute.
today.
mir
to me
uns
to us
dir
to you
euch
to you
notwendig
necessary
lustig
funny
komisch
strange
A. Nein, das ist / sind nicht

No, that/those is / are not
Ihnen*
to you
ihm
to him
ihr
to her
ihm
to it
ihnen
to them
Dative
preposition
Q. Kommen Sie
Is / are that / those
A. Ja, ich komme

Yes, that / those is / are
A. Nein, ich komme nicht
No, that/those is / are not
Dative article
Mitarbeiter (m)
mit
companion
with
Gruppe (f)
bei
group
by/ with
aus

dem der dem den
Land (n)
countryside
Versammlung (f)
from
meeting
nach
Bro (n)
after
office
von
Missionaren (pl)
from/by
missionaries
Examples:
Q. Ist das Buch Mormon dir wichtig?

A. Ja, es ist mir sehr wichtig.
Is the Book of Mormon important to you?
Yes, it is very important to me.
Q. Kommen Sie mit der Gruppe?
Are you coming with the group?
June 3, 2011
A. Nein, ich komme nicht mit der Gruppe.

No, Im not coming with the group.
12
7. Asking About / Expressing Possession or ownership

Genitive Case - Possession
(See possessive pronouns in a German reference book)
o my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their
Ich habe
I have
Ihr
your
Buch Mormon
Book of Mormon
Singular Plural
Have you
A. Ja, ich habe

Yes, I have
mein
unser
Untersucher (e)
my
our
investigator
dein
euer
+ your
your
sein
ihr/Ihr
A. Nein, ich habe ___ nicht. his
Is
der Vater
Buch Mormon
Book of Mormon
Kleid (er)
Krawatte (n)
Hose (n)
add e for
feminine
and plural
pair of pants
pl
Bcher
books
Genitive article
Schuhe
shoes
pl
Jung(es)
boy
sie
Mdel(s)
die Mutter
girl
she
the mother
der Untersucher
the investigator
A. Ja, er ist
the father
it
necktie
he
es
dress
their/you
(formal)r
have ___ not.

add en for
masculine
Q. Ist er
pencil
Q. Haben Sie
No, I
Bleistift (e)

des der des der
Missionar(s)
n
m
missionary
Frau
der Mann
woman
he
the husband
sie
Mann(es)
die Frau
she
the wife
husband
* Note* Most masculine and neuter
words with the des article take on
the (-es) ending on the noun itself, as
seen here.
es
it
Examples:
Q. Haben Sie mein Buch Mormon?

Do you have my Book of Mormon?
Q. Ist er der Vater des Mdels?

Is he the girls father?
June 3, 2011
A. Ja, ich habe Ihr Buch Mormon.

Yes, I have your Book of Mormon.
A. Nein, er ist der Untersucher des Missionars.
No, he is the missionarys investigator.
13
8. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their Characteristics
Adjectives - Weak
(See strong/weak adjective chart in appendix)
Er
He
ist
is
der
the
gute
good
Missionar.
missionary.
gute
Mann.
good
man.
hilfreiche
Missionarin.
helpful
missionary.
das
wichtige
Vorbild.
important
example.
die
bayrische
Bavarian
Leute
people.
guten
Mann.
good
man.
hilfreiche
Missionarin.
helpful
missionary.
wichtige
Vorbild.
important
example.
bayrische
Leute
people.
nominative
Ich
bin
am
der
die
Sie
sind
They
are
accusative
Ich
sehe
see
Du
schtzst
You
appreciate
den
die
das
die
Bavarian
* Note* The rule of thumb is that

SOMETHING must show the
number, gender, and case of the
noun. If the indefinite article does not,
then the adjective must. But if the
article does, then the adjective will
take these weak endings (see the
appendix).
Examples:
Q. Sehen Sie die hilfriche Missionarin?
Q. Schtzen Sie das gute Vorbild?
Did you see the helpful missionary?

A. Ja, ich sehe die gute Missionarin.
Yes, I see the good missionary.
A. Nein, ich sehe keine hilfreiche Missionarin.
No, I dont see any helpful missionary.
Do you appreciate the good example?

A. Ja, ich schtze sehr das gute Vorbild.
Yes, I appreciate the good example very
much .
June 3, 2011
14
9. Asking about and Describing Objects and People and their characteristics
Adjectives Strong
Er
He
ist
is
ein
a
Ich
bin
ein
am
guter
good
eine
ein
Sie
They
sind
die
are
Missionar.
missionary.
guter
Mann.
good
man.
hilfreiche
Missionarin.
helpful
missionary.
wichtiges
Vorbild.
important
example.
bayrische
Bavarian
Leute
people.
Ich
sehe
guten
Fortschritt.
see
good
progress.
Du
schtzst
tiefgefhlte
Dankbarkeit.
You
appreciate
heartfelt
gratitude.
warmes
Essen.
warm
food.
schwbische
Leute
Swabian
people.
Examples:
Q. Sehen Sie guten Forschritt?
Q. Ist er ein guter Mann?
Do you see good progress?

A. Ja, sie macht vielen Fortschritt.
Yes, she is making a lot of progress.
A. Nein, Sie macht keinen Fortschritt.
No, she isnt making any progress.
Is he a good man?
A. Natrlich, ist er ein guter Mann.
Of course he is a good man!
A. Ja, Er ist ein gutes Vorbild.
Yes, he is a good example.
June 3, 2011
15
10. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention or Purpose

to have to/ must
Sie mssen
You must
Deutsch lernen.
German learn.
mssen = must / to have to
1st
Ich muss
Wir mssen
I must
We must
Du musst
Ihr msst
You must
You must
nd
Sie mssen*
(nicht)
not
um Glauben bitten
auf ihn warten
for faith ask for.

for him wait.
so langsam gehen
heute singen ben
so slowly walk.
today to sing practice.
Deutsch lernen
German study/learn.
auf die Toilette gehen to the toilet go.
You must
Er muss
Sie mssen
He must
They must
Sie muss
3rd
She must
Es muss
gehorsam sein
so schnell essen
obedient be.
so fast eat.
jetzt weitermachen
sie erreichen
now continue.
her get a hold of.
It must
* German Verb Rule: There can be only one verb in second position in a sentence. All other verbs must
come at the end of the sentence in the opposite order in which they would have come initially. See 21 for the
only exception.
Examples:
Q. Mssen Sie Deutsch lernen?
A. Ja, ich muss Deutsch lernen.

Yes, I must German learn.
(Yes, I have to learn German.)
A. Nein, ich muss nicht Deutsch lernen.
No, I must not German learn.
(No, I dont have to learn German.)
Must you German learn?

(Do you have to learn German?)
Q. Muss er sie erreichen?

Must he of her get a hold of?
(Does he have to get a hold of her?)
June 3, 2011
A. Ja, er muss sie erreichen.

Yes, he must of her get a hold of.
(Yes, he has to get a hold of her.)
A. Nein, er muss sie nicht erreichen.
No, he must of her not get a hold of.
(No, he doesnt have to get a hold of her.)
16

to be able to/ can
Du kannst
I can
Deutsch sprechen.
German speak.
knnen = can / to be able to

Singular
st
Plural
Ich kann
Wir knnen
I can
We can
Du kannst
Ihr knnt
You can
You can
nd
+ (nicht)
+
not
Sie knnen*
You can
3rd
Er kann
Sie knnen
He can
They can
Klavier spielen.
Englisch sprechen.
piano play.
English speak.
gut singen.
gut kochen.
well sing.
good cook.
warten.
hart arbeiten.
wait.
hard work.
mit dem Mann sprechen. with the man speak.

in German pray.
auf Deutsch beten.
Sie kann
mit uns gehen.

zur Kirche gehen.
She can
Es kann
with us come.
to church go.
It can
Examples:
Q. Kannst du mit uns kommen?

Can you come with us?
A. Nein, Ich kann nicht kommen.

No, you can not come.
A. Ja, Ich kann kommen.
Yes, you can well sing.
Q. Kann er schwer arbeiten?

Can he hard work?
A. Ja, er kann schwer arbeiten.

Yes, he can hard work
A. Nein, er kann nicht hart arbeiten.
No, he can not hard work.
June 3, 2011
17

drfen
Ich darf
I may
nicht
not
lange schlafen.
long sleep.
drfen = may / to be allowed to

Singular
1st
Plural
Ich darf
Wir drfen
I may
We may
2nd Du darfst
You may
Ihr drft
You may
+ (nicht)
+
not
Sie drfen*
3
Er darf
He may
call
pray
das haben
mit Ihnen sprechen
that have
with you speak
die Toilette benutzen the toilet use

herein kommen
inside come
You may
rd
telefonieren
beten
Sie drfen
They may
Sie darf
She may
Es darf
It may
lange schlafen
mit ihr lernen
long sleep
with her study / learn
zum Essen kommen

hier sitzen
for dinner come

here sit
Examples:
Q. Darf ich telefonieren?

May I call?
A. Ja, du darfst telefonieren.

Yes, you may call.
A. Nein, du darfst nicht telefonieren.
No, you may not call.
Q. Drfen wir hier sitzen?

May we here sit?
A. Ja, Sie drfen hier sitzen.

Yes, you may here sit.
A. Nein, Sie drfen nicht hier sitzen.
No, you may not here sit.
June 3, 2011
18

mgen
Du magst
You like
die Suppe.
the soup.
mgen = to like / to like to

Singular
st
Plural
Ich mag
Wir mgen
I like
We like
den Zug
Du magst
Ihr mgt
die Suppe
You like
You like
the train
the soup
nd
Sie mgen*
die Blumen
the flowers
(nicht)
not
Sport
You like
sports
3rd
Er mag
Sie mgen
He likes
They like
seine Krawatte
his necktie
Sie mag
She likes
Es mag
It likes
Examples:
Q. Mgen Sie den Zug? A. Ja, ich mag den Zug. A. Nein, ich mag den Zug nicht.
Like you the train?
Yes, I like the train.
No, I like the train not.
(Do you like the train?) (Yes, I like the train.)
(No, I dont like the train.)
Q. Mag er Sport?
A. Ja, er mag Sport.
A. Nein, er mag Sport nicht.
Likes he sports?
Yes, he likes sports.
No, he likes sports not.
(Does he like sports?)
(Yes, he likes sports.)
(No, he doesnt like sports.)
June 3, 2011
19

mchten
Ich mchte
I would like
helfen.
to help.
mchten = would like

Singular
Plural
helfen.
to help.
1st
Ich mchte
Wir mchten
I would like
We would like
mitgehen.
with to go.
selbst fahren.
self to drive.
Du mchtest Ihr mchtet

You would like
hart arbeiten.
You would like
hard to work.
nd
Sie mchten*
You would
3rd
Er mchte
Sie mchten
He would like
They would like
(nicht)
not
mit Ihnen sprechen.

with you to talk to.
in den Schriften lesen.

in the scriptures to read.
mein Zeugnis geben.

my testimony to give.
Sie mchte
die Wohnung putzen.
She would like
the apartment to clean.
Es mchte
das Brot essen.
It would like
the bread to eat.
Examples:
Q. Mchten Sie helfen?

Would you like to help?
A. Ja. Ich mchte helfen.

Yes, I would like to help.
A. Nein, ich mchte nicht helfen.
No, I would like not to help
Q. Mchte er sein Zeugnis geben?
A. Ja, er mchte sein Zeugnis geben.

Yes, he would like his testimony to give.
A. Nein, er mchte sein Zeugnis nicht geben.
No, he would like his testimony not give.
Would he like his testimony to give?
June 3, 2011
20

Future tense
Ich
I
werde
will
zu Hause
at home
beten.
pray.
zu(r)
Kirche.
kommen.
to (fem.)/ at
the church.
come.
hrter
arbeiten.
harder
work.
zu Hause
bleiben.
at home
stay.
werden = will
Singular
st
nd
Plural
Ich werde
Wir werden
I will
We will
Du wirst
Ihr werdet
you will
You will
Sie werden*
You will
rd
beten.
darber
Er wird
Sie werden
He will
They will
about that
das Buch Mormon
Sie wird
She will
Es wird
It will
um
about
pray.
lesen.
the Book of Mormon
read.
das Essen
kaufen.
the food
buy.
den Umriss
brauchen.
the outline
need.
den Erlsungsplan
erklren.
the plan of salvation
explain.
Examples:
Q. Werden Sie darber beten?

Will you about that pray?
A. Ja, ich werde darber beten.

Yes, I will about that pray.
A. Nein, ich werde nicht darber beten
No, I will not about that pray.
Q. Wird er das Essen kaufen?

Will he the food buy?
A. Ja, er wird das Essen kaufen.

Yes, he will the food buy.
A. Nein, er wird das Essen nicht kaufen.
No, he will the food not buy.
June 3, 2011
21

Purpose clauses
Ich gehe
I go
nach
to
Hause
home
um
in order
durch
die Kirche
Essen
food
zu
to
kochen.
cook.
die Elders
zu
finden.
gehen = to go
Singular
Ich gehe
Plural
Wir gehen
I go
We go
Du gehst
Ihr geht
You go
You go
Sie gehen*
You go
um
in order
+ the Elders + to + to find.
through.
church
in
die Stadt,
einkaufen.
gehen.
the city
to shop
to go.
die Schweiz,
auf Mission.
+
nach
the Switzerland
on mission
Hause,
Essen
machen.
to
home
food
to make.
dort
arbeiten.
Frankfurt
there
to work.
Tempel,
Inspiration.
bekommen.
into/in
zum (r) Frankfurt,

to
Er geht
Sie gehen
the temple
inspiration to receive
to receive.
He goes
They go
Kirche,
Bndnisse
the church
covenants
erneuern.
to renew.
Sie geht
She goes
Es geht
It goes
Examples:
Q. Gehen Sie in die Stadt um die Elders zu finden?

Are you going to the city to find the elders?
A. Ja, ich gehe in die Stadt um die Elders zu finden.
Yes, Im going to the city to find the elders.
Q. Geht er nach Frankfurt um dort zu arbeiten?
Is he going to Frankfurt in order to work?
A. Nein, er geht nach Frankfurt um zum Temple zu gehen.

No, he is going to Frankfurt in order to go to the temple.
June 3, 2011
22
17. Asking about and Describing Simple Actions and Events

Conversational Past: haben
(see: Conversational Past: haben vs. sein; strong, weak, and mixed verbs)
Du
You
hast
have
das Gebet
the prayer
gesprochen.
spoke.
den Bleistift
gekauft.
bought.
gekannt.
haben = to have
Singular
1st
2nd
Plural
Ich habe
Wir haben
I have
We have
the pencil
Du hast
Ihr habt
the man
You have
You have
Sie haben*
You have
Er hat
3rd He has
Sie haben
They have
Sie hat
den Mann
das Gebet
the prayer
dieses Bild
known.
(nicht)
not
gesprochen.
said.
gemalt.
this picture
painted.
das Lied
gesungen.
the song
sung.
das Buch
gelesen.
the book
read.
She has
die Katze
gesehen.
Es hat
the cat
seen.
It has
* *intransitive verb
** Exception (see appendix)**
Ich
habe
gut
geschlafen.
have
good
slept.
Examples:
Q. Haben Sie den Bleistift gekauft?

Have you the pencil bought?
A. Ja, ich habe den Bleistift gekauft.

Yes, I have the pencil bought.
A. Nein, ich habe den Bleistift nicht gekauft.

No, I have the pencil not bought.
Q. Hat er das Bild gemalt?
Has he the picture painted?
June 3, 2011
A. Ja, er hat das Bild gemalt.

Yes, he has the picture painted.
A. Nein, er hat das Bild nicht gemalt.
No, he has the picture not painted.
23

Conversational Past: sein
(see: Conversational Past: haben vs. sein; strong, weak, and mixed verbs)
Wir
We
sind
have
nach Hause
(to) Home
gegangen.
gone
nach Hause
gegangen.
sein = to be
Singular
1st
Plural
Ich bin
Wir sind
I am
We are
Du bist
Ihr seid
you are
You are
2nd
(nicht)
not
Sie sind*
You are
rd
Er ist
Sie sind
He is
They are
Sie ist
to home
gone.
nach Berlin
gefahren.
to Berlin
driven.
nach Frankreich
to France
geflogen.
flown.
auf Mission
gewesen.
on mission
been.
zu Hause
geblieben.
at home
stayed.
schnell
gelaufen.
fast
ran.
She is
Es ist
It is
Examples:
Q. Ist er zur Kirche gegangen?
A. Ja, er ist zur Kirche gegangen.
Is (has) he to church gone?
Yes, he is (has) to church gone.
A. Nein, er ist nicht zur Kirche gegangen.

No, he is (has) not to church gone.
Q. Sind wir schnell gelaufen?
A. Ja, wir sind schnell gelaufen.
Are (have) we fast ran?
Yes, we are (have) fast ran.
A. Nein, wir sind nicht schnell gelaufen.

No, we are (have) not fast ran.
June 3, 2011
24

Two way prepositions; directional words
(See two way prepositions in appendix)
Wo+hin
To where
gehen
go
Wir
We
Wo + her
Where from
Wo + hin
Where to
answer
ich
du
er
Sie?
you?
gehen
go
in
to
die Kirche.
the church.
gehen
auf
den Fugang.
go
on (horizontally)
the sidewalk.
kommen
an
come
on (vertically)
fahren
neben
den Mann.
drive/
travel
next to
the man.
zwischen
den Mann und die Frau
reisen
between
the man and women.
vor
die Bank.
in front of
the bank.
in
den Tunnel.
in, into
the tunnel.
hinter
meinen Freund.
behind
my friend.
ber
die Brcke.
above
the bridge.
unter
die Hochstrae.
under
the overpass.
travel
question
wir
ihr
sie
When the verb indicates a change of location (where to/ wohin) these prepositions require an
accusative object. When the verb indicates a location only (where/ wo) these prepositions require a
dative object.
Examples:
Q. Wohin gehen Sie?
A. Ich gehe in die Kirche.
Where to go you?
I go (in) to the church.
Q. Wo sind Sie?
Where are you?
June 3, 2011
A. Ich bin in der Kirche.

I am in the church.
25
20. Asking / Answering Questions of Time, Place, Purpose - Part 2

(Time Telling Aid in appendix)
Wann
When
zur
to
Kirche?
church?
gehen Sie
nach
Hause?
When
go
to(country, state, city)
home?
Bis wann
bleiben Sie
hier?
Until when
stay
here?
Seit wann
sind Sie
zu (m)(r)
Supermarkt?
Since when
are you
to (place in town, specific

location)
supermarket?
Q. Wann
kommst du
come you
die Party
vorbei ist.
When
the party
over is.
A. Als
Bis
sechszehn Uhr
bleibe ich
Until
the party
stay I.
Seit
dem Anfang
bin ich
Since
the beginning
am I.
Examples:
Q. Wann gehen Sie nach Hause?
A. Als die Party vorbei ist.
When are you going home?
Q. Bis wann bleiben Sie hier?
When the party is over.
A. Bis sechzehn Uhr bleibe ich.
Until when are you staying?
June 3, 2011
I am staying until 4pm.
26
21. Asking and Answering Questions of Cause and Effect

verb kickers
Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen.
Ich will dem Herrn dienen.
I have to Germany come.
I want the Lord to serve.
+
weil
because
(will)
Ich bin nach Deutschland gekommen, weil ich
I have to
Germany
come,
1st clause. . . .
because I
verb kicker
dem Herrn dienen will.

the Lord
to serve want.
2nd clause...
(verb).
Ich weiss,
dass
Joseph Smith ein Prophet ist.
I know,
that
Joseph Smith a prophet is.
Ich habe Tennis gespielt,
bevor
ich auf Mission gekommen bin.
I have tennis played,
before
I on mission come have.
nachdem
Sie gegessen haben.
after
you eaten have.
Wir werden zurckkommen,

We will come back,
Ist es in Ordnung,
wenn
wir spter noch einmal anrufen?
Is it o.k.,
if
we later again call?
Ich wiederhole es,
damit
Sie es nicht vergessen.
I repeat it,
so that
you it not forget.
Ich bin auf Mission,
weil
ich dem Herrn dienen will.
I am on mission,
because
I the Lord serve want.
June 3, 2011
27
22. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories

Past of sein: waren
Er war
He was
vor zwei Jahren

two years ago (before)
katholisch.
Catholic.
waren = was / were

Singular
1st
jung
katholisch
evangelisch
glcklich
traurig
mde
spt
Plural
Ich war
Wir waren
I was
We were
Du warst
Ihr wart
You were
You were
2nd
Sie waren*
You were
(nicht)
not
- young
- Catholic
- Protestant
- happy
- sad
- tired
- late
vor zwei Jahren in Deutschland.

in Germany two years ago.
beim Schlafen.
3rd
Er war
Sie waren
(at) sleeping.
He was
They were
beim Essen.
Sie war
(at) eating.
She was
froh, nach Mnchen zu kommen.
Es war
glad, to Munich to come.
It was
dankbar, auf Mission zu sein.

thankful, on a mission to be.
Examples:
Q. Waren wir spt dran?
A. Ja, wir waren spt dran.
Were we late?
Yes, we were late.
A. Nein, wir waren nicht spt dran.

No, we were not late.
Q. War er beim Essen?
A. Ja, er war beim Essen.
Was he (at) eating?
Yes, he was (at) eating.
A. Nein, er war nicht beim Essen.

No, he was not (at) eating.
June 3, 2011
28
23. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories - Part 2

Accusative Reflexive Pronouns
Wir
We
fragen
ask
Regular Pronouns
Singular
uns
ourselves
Accusative Reflexive Pronouns
Plural
Singular Plural
Ich Wir
st
We
Du
Ihr
You
You
2nd
Sie*
You
rd
Er
Sie
He
They
warum.
why.
verb
(wundern)
to wonder
Sie
She
Es
mich
uns
myself
ourselves
dich
euch
yourself
yourselves
sich*
extras
warum
why
yourself(ves)
sich
sich
himself/
herself/
itself
themselves
It
Non-reflexive
Reflexive
Ich frage ihn.
Ich frage mich.
I ask him.
I ask myself.
Du schneidest Brot.
Du schneidest dich.
You cut bread.
You cut yourself.
Example:
Q. Kommt er zur Kirche?

Does he come to church?
A. Nein, ich frage mich warum

No, I ask myself why (I wonder why)?
June 3, 2011
29
24. Narrating Simple Experiences and Stories - Part 3

Dative Reflexive Pronouns
Ich
I
wasche
wash
mir
myself
Regular Pronouns
Singular
1st
Wir
We
Du
Ihr
You
You
2nd
Dative Reflexive Pronouns
Plural
Ich
Sie*
Singular
1st
verb +
(waschen)
to wash
Plural
mir
uns
myself
ourselves
dir
euch
yourself
yourselves
2nd
body part**
(die Hnde)
the hands
sich
You
3rd
die Hnde.
the hands.
Yourself(ves)
Er
Sie
sich
sich
He
They
himself/
herself/
iselft
themselves
Sie
3rd
She
Es
It
Non-reflexive
Reflexive
Ich gebe es ihm.
Ich wasche mir die Hnde.
I give it to him.
I wash (myself) (my) hands.
Du kaufst ein Brot.
Du kaufst es dir.
You buy a bread.
You buy it yourself.
Examples:
Q.Wschst du dir die Hnde?

Wash you yourself the hands?
A. Ja, ich wasche mir die Hnde.

Yes, I wash myself the hands.
A. Nein, ich wasche mir nicht die Hnde.

No, I wash myself not the hands.
Q. Wscht er sich die Fsse?

Washes he himself the feet?
A. Ja, er wscht sich die Fsse.

Yes, he washes himself the feet.
A. Nein, er wscht sich nicht die Fsse.

No, he washes himself not the feet.
June 3, 2011
30
25. Asking / Expressing Desire, Need, Preference, Ability, Intention

Conditional: wrden
Wir wrden
We would
dir gern helfen.

like to help you.
wrden = would
Singular
Plural
gern besser Deutsch sprechen.

like better German speak.
1st
2nd
Ich wrde
Wir wrden
gern die Schriften auswendig lernen.
I would
We would
like the scriptures by heart learn.
Du wrdest Ihr wrdet
dir gern helfen.
You would
you like help.
You would
Sie wrden*
You would
ihm schreiben, wenn er mir schreiben wrde.

to him write, if he to me write would.
Er wrde
3rd He would
Sie wrden
They would
Sie wrde
den Geist spren, wenn er Moroni 10 lesen wrde.

the Spirit feel, if he Moroni 10 read would.
She would
Es wrde
das Geschirr splen, wenn du helfen wrdest.
It would
the dishes wash, if you help would.
das Auto waschen, wenn es nicht regnen wrde.

the car wash, if it not rain would.
Examples:
Q. Wrden Sie mir bitte helfen?

Would you me please help?
A. Ja, ich wrde Ihnen helfen.

Yes, I would you love to help.
A. Nein, ich mchte nicht helfen.

No, I would not like to help.
Q. Wrde er gern mit uns gehen?

Would he like with us to go?
A. Ja, er wrde mit uns gehen.

Yes, he would like with us to go.
A. Nein, er wrde nicht gern mit uns gehen.

No,he would not like with us to go.
June 3, 2011
31

Conditional: htten
Sie htten
She would have
mehr Zeit, wenn Sie nicht schlafen wrden.

more time, if she wouldnt sleep.
wrden + haben = htten

would
+ to have
Singular
1st
= would have
Plural
Ich htte
Wir htten
I would have
We would have
Du httest
Ihr httet
You would have
You would have
nd
Sie htten*
You would have
rd
Er htte
Sie htten
He would have
They would have
gern zehn Brtchen.

like 10 rolls. (ordering)
mehr Zeit, wenn wir nicht schlafen wrden.
+ more time, if we not sleep would.

bessere Noten, wenn sie ihre Hausaufgaben machen
wrde.
better grades, if she her homework do would.
She would have
nicht auf Mission kommen knnen, wenn meine Familie

mir nicht helfen wrde.
Es htte
not on mission come could, if my family me not help would.
Sie htte
It would have
Examples:
Q. Htte ich Geld, wenn ich nicht essen wrde?
Would I have money, if I not eat would?
A. Ja, Sie htten Geld.

Yes, you would have money.
A. Nein, sie htten kein Geld.
No, you would have no money.
Q. Htten wir Erfolg, wenn wir nicht studieren wrden?

Would we have success, if we not study would?
A. Ja, Sie htten Erfolg.

Yes, you would have success.
A. Nein, sie htten keinen Erfolg.
No, you would have no success.
June 3, 2011
32

Conditional: wren
Es wre
gut, wenn er mit helfen wrde.
It would be
good, if he would help me.
wrden + sein = wren
would
+ to be = would be
Singular
Plural
Ich wre
Wir wren
I would be
We would be
1st
Du wrst
Ihr wret
You would be
You would be
2nd
Sie wren*
ein guter Koch, wenn ich nicht alles anbrennen liesse.

a good cook, if I not everything let burn.
ein Mitglied, wenn die Eltern es erlauben wrden.

a member, if the parents it allow would.
schon fertig, wenn das Telefon nicht geklingelt htte.

already ready, if the telephone not rung had.
You would be
schon da, wenn der Zug schneller fahren wrde.

3rd
Er wre
Sie wren
He would be
They would be
already there, if the train faster drive would.
Sie wre
schneller fertig, wenn er mir helfen wrde.
She would be
faster ready, if he me help would.
Es wre
It would be
Examples:
Q. Wrst du lieber zu Hause?
A. Ja, ich wre lieber zu Hause.
Would you be rather at home?
Yes, I would be rather at home.
A. Nein, ich wre nicht lieber zu Hause.

No, I would not be rather at home.
Q. Wren sie glcklicher?
Would they be happier?
June 3, 2011
A. Ja, sie wren glcklicher.

Yes, they would be happier.
A. Nein, sie wren nicht glcklicher.
No, they would not be happier.
33
28. Asking and Answering questions of contrasting attitudes, emotions, feelings

What do you think about
Wieso
glauben Sie
How is it that you believe
Q. Wieso
How is it that
glauben Sie
you believe
dass
that
dass
that
es
it
Why
Gott
existiert
God
exists.
seine Liebe
spre.
his love
exists.
meinen Sie
wir
uns
think you that
we
us
taufen lassen
sollen?
es
wichtig ist.
it
important is.
Because
Q. Warum
wichtig ist sich taufen zu lassen?

important is to be baptized?
ich
A. Weil
should be baptized?
A. Ich denke
I think
Examples:
Q. Wieso glauben Sie dass Gott existiert.

How is it that you believe that God exists?
A. Weil ich seine Liebe spre.

Because I feel his love.
Q. Warum meinen Sie dass wir uns taufen lassen sollen?

Why do you think that we should be baptized?
A. Ich denke dass es wichtig ist.

I think that it is important.
June 3, 2011
34
29. Asking and Answering Questions of quality, quantity, number, and sequence
Wie questions
Wie oft
How often
Wie-word
Q. Wie
kommen Sie zur Kirche?

come you to church?
verb
comparison
kommen Sie zur Kirche?
How
do you come to church?
Wie viel
mchten Sie?
How much/many
would you like?
Wie oft
knnen Sie?
How often
are you able?
Wie gross
ist die Kirche?
How big
is the church?
Wie wichtig
ist es dass ich in den Temple gehe?
How important
is it that I go to the temple?
A. Ich komme
so
mglich.
I come
so
possible.
Ich mchte
so viel
I would like
this/as much/many
Ich kann
so oft
I am able
this/as often
Die Kirche ist
so gross
The church is
this/as big
Ich finde es
so wichtig
I find it
this/as important
wie
as
Sie knnen.
you are able.
eine normale
Gemeinde.
a normal
congregation.
in die Kirche zu
gehen.
to go to church.
Examples:
Q. Wie oft kommen Sie zur Kirche?

How often do you come to church?
A. Ich komme so oft wie mglich.

I come as often as possible.
Q. Wie viel Mal haben Sie gelesen?

How many times have you read?
A. Ich habe fnf mal diese Woche gelesen.

I read five times this week.
June 3, 2011
35
Appendix
Article Chart:
Definite:
Nominative
Accusative
Dative
Genitive
Masculine
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
der
den
dem
des /es
das
das
dem
des /es
die
die
der
der
die
die
den /en
der
Masculine
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
ein
einen
einem
eines
ein
ein
einem
eines
eine
eine
einer
einer
keine
keine
keinen
einer
Indefinite:
Nominative
Accusative
Dative
Genitive
Accusative Prepositions
Dative Prepositions
Two way Prepositions
durch
fr
gegen
ohne
um
aus
auer
bei
mit
nach
seit
von
zu
an
auf
hinter
in
neben
ber
unter
vor
zwischen
Adjective endings - weak

Masculine
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
Nominative
Accusative
-e
-en
-e
-e
-e
-e
-e
-en
Dative
Genitive
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
-en
Neutral
Feminine
Plural
-es
-es
-em
-es
-e
-e
-er
-er
-e
-e
-en
-er
Adjective endings - strong

Masculine
Nominative
Accusative
Dative
Genitive
June 3, 2011
-er
-en
-em
-es
36
Present Regular Verb Conjugation

Take the en off the end of the verb and add the endings shown in the table below based on the subject.
-e
-st
-en
-t
-en
-t
-en
Simple Past Verb Conjugation Weak Verb

For weak verbs take the en off the end and add the endings shown in the table below based on the
subject.
-te
-test
-ten
-tet
-ten
-te
-ten
Types of Verbs:
Strong
bekommen bekam - bekommen
Mix
wissen wusste - gewusst
schlafen - schlief geschlafen
kennen kannte - gekannt
ertrumen ertrumte ertrumt
Weak
beten betete gebetet
June 3, 2011
37
Verb Guide Chart

Active
Present
habe
have
Conversational Past habe gehabt
have had
Simple Past
Future
Conditional
Present
hatte
had
werde haben
will have
wird haben werden

will be had
htte
would have
wrde gehabt
would be had
Active
bete
pray
Conversational Past habe gebetet

have prayed
Simple Past
Future
Conditional
Present
Passive
wird gehabt
be had
wurde gehabt
was had
Passive
wird gebetet
be prayed
wird gebetet werden

will be prayed
wrde beten
would pray
wrde gebetet werden

would be prayed
Active
gehe
pray
Passive
-
Conversational Past bin gegangen

have prayed
Simple Past
Future
Conditional
June 3, 2011
Participle
gehabt
had
Infinitive
beten
to pray
wurde gebetet
was prayed
betete
prayed
werde beten
will pray
ging
prayed
werde gehen
will go
wrde gehen
would pray
Infinitive
haben
to have
Participle
gebetet
prayed
Infinitive
gehen
to go
Participle
gegangen
prayed
38
Conversational Past: haben vs. sein
Direct object ?
yes
no
motion?
haben
Du
You
Wir
hast
have
sind
We
have (are)
Ich
habe
We
June 3, 2011
have
yes
sein
no
das Gebet
the prayer
nach Hause
(to) home
gesprochen.
said.
gegangen.
gone.
gut
well
39
geschlafen.
slept.
Time Telling Aid

..kurz vor 3
..short before 3
..3 Uhr.
..3 oclock
..2 Uhr.
..2 oclock
.. 5 vor 3
..5 to 3
.. kurz nach 2
..short after 2
..5 nach 2
..5 past 2
..10 nach 2
..10 past 2
..10 vor 3
..10 to 3
.. nach 2
.. past 2
.. vor 3
.. to 3
..20 nach 2
..20 past 2
..10 nach halb 3

..10 after half 3
..5 nach halb 3
..5 after half 3
..kurz nach halb 3
..short after half 3
June 3, 2011
..5 vor halb 3

..5 before half
..halb 3
..half 3.
40
..kurz vor halb 3

..short before half 3

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Senior Missionary Language Training

Asking about and Expressing a State of Being