My Second Tutorial in WaterCad Modeling PDF

4/13/2014
Water Pipe Networks

Second Tutorial in WaterCad
Hydraulic Modeling of WellField vi WaterCad
By: Dr. Mohamed Elgamal
Introduction to Borehole Pumps

Calculations of Operating Point for borehole
pumps in a well.
4/13/2014
Typical Borehole Pump in a Well

Top of casing
casing
Riser
Stages
Intake
Motor
Multi-stages borehole
submerged pump
Well Idealization
Idealization of a Well (First Approach)

Actual Case
Model
Idealization
Hp
Top of casing
Hs
Q
Static Level
Hs
Dynamic Level
Problem with this idealization:

What happen if Q Changed?
4/13/2014
System of a Well (First Approach-Cont.)

Actual Case
Model
Idealization
Hp new
Top of casing
Hs new
Qnew
Hs new
Hs
Changing Q will result in changing drawdown and thus Hs
Idealization of a Well (Second Approach)

Hp
Actual Case
Hs
Model
Idealization
Q
Top of casing
Hs
Static Level
(s)
Dynamic Level
There is no problem with this idealization:

4/13/2014

Hp
Actual Case
Hs
Model
Idealization
Q
Top of casing
Hs
Static Level
(s)
Dynamic Level
There is no problem with this idealization:


Hp new
Model
Idealization
Actual Case
Hs
Qnew
Top of casing
Hs
Static Level
(s)
Dynamic Level
Changing Q will result in changing drawdown and thus Hs

You do not need to update Hs in this approach
4/13/2014

Objectives
The purpose of this Tutorial is to train the trainees
how to:
-Open then run an existing WaterCad model,
-Model groundwater well pumps in WaterCad,
-Determine the suitable pump head for an existing system,
-Check conservation of mass,
-Set two pumps in parallel.

Problem Statement
Awajan well field is an existing pipe transmission
system that consists of four existing wells connected
together as shown in figure below. The extracted water
is conveyed to a collector tank in a pump station.
The pump station in its turn pumps water to another
distribution tank far downstream.
Distribution Tank
Requirement:
To satisfy the future expansion needs of the
community, it has been decided to dig a
new well and connect it to the existing
system. From the groundwater studies it
was shown that the most suitable place for
a new well is as the shown figure.
Pump
Station
4/13/2014
Steps for Tutorial #2

#2
1. Open the existing file:
File Open
Browse and select:
Awajan Extention Well.wtg
Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

2. Run the Model
Make sure that the model run

successfully
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3. Explore the results of the existing system:
Determine the flow of each well.
Click Flex Table Icon and select Pumps

4. Explore the results of the existing system:
Determine the flow out of the pump station.
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How can I make sure that

Qin =Qout or in other words, mass
is conserved?

5. Make Sure that Qin =Qout at the Pump Station.
5.1 Activate pipe Annotation for this regard:
Under Element Symbology: R-Click over Pipe New Annotation
4/13/2014

5.2 Enter the Following Annotation Properties:
Field Name: Select Flow;
Set Y Offset: -4m;
Set Height Multiplier: 2;

Now we can easily check the mass balance
4/13/2014

6. Save the file as "AwajanWithNewWell.
File Save As
Adding A New Well to the Model

7. Add the new well (well 25) as follow:
7.1 Zoom in to the well location
10
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7.2 draw a schematic presentation of the well
system (refer to the Figure below): Use Icon
Reservoir represents the

groundwater aquifer
Virtual Pipe Connector
Well
Pump
Junction represents
wells Top of casing
Well actual location

7.3 Assign then enter data of the new well (well 25):
- Well Top of Casing (TOC) level = 585.5;
- Well riser length = 95.5m;
- Dynamic GWL (including drawdown) = 524.0;
Set Water Level in

Reservoir =524.0
Wells Top of casing

Set Elev.=585.5
11
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How to Assign a Length for a Pipe?
The default in WaterCad is the automatic identification of the
length of the pipe based on the backdrop scale.
In order to assign a length to a pipe, do the following:
- Double click the pipe;
- Has User Defined Length: Select True;
- Enter Pipe Length;

7.3 Assign then enter data of the new well (well 25):
- Well Top of Casing (TOC) level = 585.5;
- Well riser length = 95.5m;
- Dynamic GWL (including drawdown) = 524.0;
- Well is located 40m far from the nearby transmission line;
- Elevation of connecting junction (J-28) = 586.5
Set Water Level in
Reservoir =524.0
Set Length of virtual pipe =1m
Set Pipe
Length =40m
Wells Top of casing

Set Elev.=585.5
Set Junction Elevation =586.5m
12
4/13/2014

How to Enter Pump Data?
a- Pump Elevation;
= TOC Riser Length

= 585.5 95.5 = 490.0m

b- Pump Definition;
Select Edit Pump Definition
13
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c- Pump Definition;
Add New Pump

Rename it as Pump Well25

d- Pump Definition Type;
Select Design Point (1 Point)
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e- Pump Definition Type;
Enter Design Flow =70 m3/hr

Enter any estimate of head:
say 100m, will be checked later
Please Note that up till now we have defined a new pump

type (Pump Well25) However we did not yet assign this
type to well 25.

f- Assign Pump to well 25;
Double Click the Pump of well 25

Pump Definition:
Select Pump Well 25
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4/13/2014

Run the Model
Check all errors

Run the Model
Check all errors
This does mean that no numerical

error or no missing data.
This does not mean that the
solution is physically accepted.
16
4/13/2014

Check if the assume head of Pump Well 25 is sufficient
R Click on the Pump and Select: System Head Curve
Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

Click the Compute icon to construct the System
Head Curve
Pump
Curve
System
Curve
17
4/13/2014
What Does the System Curve

Mean?

The well will pump at Q > 70 m3/hr (safe Yield)
Pump
Curve
System
Curve
18
4/13/2014

To Solve this Problem, we need to have a pump with
lower head. An approximate value could be obtained
from the system head at the required max flow
The required Pump Head is close to 70m

Pump
Curve
System
Curve

To get the exact system head at Q=70 m3/hr
Click Data Tap
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4/13/2014

Lets go and correct the pump head accordingly

Re-Run the Model
Check the Operating Point
YesI have got
the right Pump
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4/13/2014
Mass Balance Comparison

Lets Check the Mass Conservation in the new
Case.
Balanced
Un-Balanced
Existing Condition
After Adding Well 25
Why weve got an unbalanced

flow at the Pump Station?
21
4/13/2014
Problem Diagnostic
After adding Well 25, the total extracted flow has
increased from 338 399 m3/hr which exceeds
the pump capacity.
The solution of the problem is one of the following:
-To replace the pumping unit located at the PS by a

more power-full pump with bigger capacity;
-To add a new pump to work in parallel with the
existing one.
Adding a Pump in Parallel to Exiting One

Zoom
in to the Pump Station
22
4/13/2014

Plot
the System Curve

Determine
the required system head to get

the required Q to be pumped (Q=399
(Q=399 m3/hr)
Required
New Operating Pt.
Virtual Curve of
2 Pumps in Parallel
QnewPump
System Curve
Existing
Operating Pt.
Q=399
m3/hr
Existing One
Pump Curve
Qnew pump 70-80

m3/hr
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4/13/2014

Shift
the existing pump to allow some

room for the new pump

Geometrically
add the new pump in parallel.
24
4/13/2014

For
the new pipes PP-66

66,, PP-67 use the same
data as PP-49 and PP-59
59..
Use the same pump level (not head)

Use
the following Pump Definition.
25
4/13/2014

Check
that Qin=Qout and change Pump Q if

necessary till satisfying Qin=Qout.
Now it is
Balanced
26

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4/13/2014

Water Pipe Networks

Introduction to Borehole Pumps

Typical Borehole Pump in a Well

Idealization of a Well (First Approach)

Problem with this idealization:

System of a Well (First Approach-Cont.)

Changing Q will result in changing drawdown and thus Hs

Idealization of a Well (Second Approach)

There is no problem with this idealization:

Idealization of a Well (Second Approach)

There is no problem with this idealization:

Idealization of a Well (Second Approach)

Changing Q will result in changing drawdown and thus Hs

Second Tutorial in WaterCad

Second Tutorial in WaterCad

Steps for Tutorial #2

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

Make sure that the model run

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

Click Flex Table Icon and select Pumps

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

How can I make sure that

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

Exploring Existing WaterCad Model

Adding A New Well to the Model

Adding A New Well to the Model

Reservoir represents the

Adding A New Well to the Model

Set Water Level in

Wells Top of casing

Adding A New Well to the Model

Adding A New Well to the Model

Wells Top of casing

Adding A New Well to the Model

= TOC Riser Length

Adding A New Well to the Model

Select Edit Pump Definition

Adding A New Well to the Model

Add New Pump

Adding A New Well to the Model

Select Design Point (1 Point)

Adding A New Well to the Model

Enter Design Flow =70 m3/hr

Please Note that up till now we have defined a new pump

Adding A New Well to the Model

Double Click the Pump of well 25

Adding A New Well to the Model

Adding A New Well to the Model

This does mean that no numerical

Adding A New Well to the Model

Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

What Does the System Curve

Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

The required Pump Head is close to 70m

Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

Fine Tuning for the Suitable Pump

Mass Balance Comparison