312

BIBLIOGRAPHY
The bibliography is confined to documents, books, and articles actually
cited in the thesis. Many other books that has been explored but found to
produce little of relevance for the thesis have, therefore, been excluded.
PRIMARY SOURCES:
A.

SANSKRIT SOURCES:

1.

Cowell, E. B. and Webster, W.F.,(ed.), Rig Veda Samhita : A Collection

of Ancient Hindu Hymns Consisting the Sixth and Part of the Seventh
Ashtaka of the Rig-Veda, tr. H.H. Wilson, Vol. 5, London, 1888.
Available at http://www.archive.org/details/rigvedasanhitc01wils

2.

Griffith, Rolph T.H., The Hymns of the Rig Veda Translated with a
Popular Commentary, Vol. II, Book X, Benaras, 1926.

Available at http://www.archive.org/details/hymnsrigveda00grifgoog
3.

Maurice Bloomfield, The Atharvaveda, Strassburg, 1899.

Available at http://www.archive.org/details/atharvaveda00bloogoog
4.

Sushruta Samhita: Sutrasthanam, An English Translation, Of the Based

On Original Sanskrit Text, Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna, Kashi Ghose
Lane, Calcutta, Vol. I, I907.

Available at http://www.archive.org/details/englishtranslati01susruoft.
B.

ARABIC MANUSCRIPTS:

1.

Shifa-ud Daulah Hakim Mir Afdal Ali bin Syed Akbar Ali Faizabadi,
Tibyan-ul Irfan, Sulaiman Collection 198/14; 14ff; Nastaliq (1853),
Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

C.

ARABIC SOURCE (PUBLISHED):

1.

Abdul Hayy, Nuzhat-ul Khawatir, ed. by Sharifuddin Ahmad, Vol. VI &

VII, Hyderabad,1962-79.

313
D.

PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTS ON MEDICINE:

1.

Abul Zafar Hussain Yar, Ikhtiyarat-i ZafarYari, Sulaiman Collection,

498/19; 230ff, Nq& S (1825), Maulana Azad library, Aligarh.

2.

Abul Zafar Hussain Yar, Talim-i Ilaj, Sulaiman Collection 476,498-19 b,

46ff, Maulana Azad library, Aligarh.

3.

Hakim Ahmad Ali, Tibb-i Vedic, 503 Subhanullah Collection 616/21;

63ff; Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

4.

Hakim Bhuwa bin Khawas Khan, Madinu-us Shifa-i Sikandar Shahi,

Tibbiya College Collection, No. 93, ms 616/64, 418ff, Maulana Azad
Library, Aligarh.

5.

Hakim FathullahShirazi, Tarjuma-i Kitab-ul Qanun, No. 1272, Riza

Library, Rampur.

6.

Hakim Fazl-i Ali Shifai, Ilaj-ul Alfal, Subhanullah Collection, 616/1;

121-196ff: Nq., Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh,

7.

Hakim Fazl-i Ali Shifai, Qut-ilaYamut, University Farsiyah Funun 14;

83ff; Nq; 1834, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

8.

Hakim Fazl-i Ali Shifai, Risalah-i Istimat-i Chub Chini, HabibGanj,

Collection; 46/23; 36ff(1831), Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

9.

Hakim Masum, Qarabadin-i Masum, Subhanullah Collection, No.

615/4, Maulana Azad Library.

10. Hakim

Mahdi

Akbarabadi,

Mufradat-ul

Adwiyyah,

Subhanullah

Collection 610/3; 39ff; Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

11. Hakim Muhammad Akbar Arzani, Mufarrrih-ul Qulub, University
Farsiya Funun, 58; Subhanullah Collection, 616/2; Sulaiman Collection,
580/5, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
12. Hakim

Muhammad

Akbar

Arzani,

Tibb-i

Akbari,

Collection, Nos., 616/15, 616/6 cr., Maulana Azad Library.

Subhanullah

314
13. Hakim Muhammad Sharif bin Haziq-al Mulk Hakim Muhammad Akmal
Dehlawi, Talif-i- Sharif, Habibganj Collection; 46/23; 135ff (1761) and
Subhanullah Collection 610; 3/5, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
14. Hakim Muhammad Sharif bin Haziq-al Mulk Hakim Muhammad
AkmalDehlawi, Ilaj ul Amrad, Sulaiman Collections 495/16; 298ff;
Maulana Azad Library Aligarh.
15. Hakim Nuruddin Ainul Mulk, Alfaz-i Adwiyya, Farsiya Funun (Suppl.),
Tibb, 9, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
16. Hakim Nuruddin Ainul Mulk, Ilajat-i Dara Shukohi, Subhanullah
Collection, No. 610, 3/9, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
17. Masum Bhakhari, Mufradat-i Sahih, Subhanullah Collection, No.
616/13, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
18. Mahmud Ayaz, Miftahus Surur-i Adil Shahi, University Farsia Funun,
74/3, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
19. Muhammad Qasim Ferishta, Tibb-i Ferishta, Subhanullah Collection,
No. 616/37, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
20. Muhammad Raza Shirazi, Riyaz-i Alamgiri, Tibbiya College Collection,
616/22,fq, Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.
21. Muhammad Said, Khulasat-ul Alamshahi, Habibganj Collection 46/28;
2-197ff (Nq) Maulana Azad library, Aligarh.
22. Muhammad Sharfud-din bin Qazi Shamsud-din Shaharrui, Mufradat-i
Hindi, University Farsiyah Fanun 66; 222 ff; Nq (1830); Maulana Azad
Library, Aligarh.
23. Qazi Muhammad Arif, Tibb-i Qadi Arif, Subhanullah Collection, 616/16;
13ff; Nq (1690); Maulana Azad Library, Aligarh.

E.

PERSIAN MANUSCRIPTS (HISTORICAL):

315
1.

Muhammad Waris, Badshahnama, MS, IO Ethe 329, II, transcript of MS,

Raza Library Rampur, at Department of History, Aligarh Muslim
University.

2.

Hakim Muhammad Sharif bin Haziq-al Mulk Hakim Muhammad Akmal

Dehlawi, Ujalah-i- Nafiah, Habibganj Collection; 46/6, Maulana Azad
Library, Aligarh and published by Nawal Kishore Steam Press,
Lucknow, 1873.

F.

PUBLISHED HISTORICAL SOURCES (PERSIAN):

1.

Tarikh-i Firoz Shahi, Eng. tr. R.C. Jauhari, Medieval India in TransitionTarikh-i-Firoz Shahi: A First Hand Account, New Delhi, 1968

2.

Shahabuddin Abdul Abbas Ahmad, Masalik ul Absar fi Mamalik ul

Ansar in Elliot and Dowson, The History India as told by its own
Historian, Vol. III, LPP, Delhi, 2001.

3.

Zahiruddin Babur, Babur Nama (Memoirs of Baber) tr. A.S. Beveridge,

Translated from the Original Turki Text of Zahirud-din Muhammad
Babur Padshah Ghazi, Luzac& co London. Vol. I, 1922.

4.

Jauhar Aftabchi, Tazkirat-ul Waqiat, or Private Memoirs of Emperor

Humayun, English translated by Charles Stewart, Calcutta, 1904.

5.

Khwaja Nizamuddin Ahmad, Tabaqat-i Akbari, edited by B. De, Vol. II,

Calcutta, 1931.

6.

Abdul Qadir Badauni, Muntakhab-ut Tawarikh, edited by Molvi Ahmad

Ali, Kabiruddin Ahmad and L. W. Nassau Lee, Bib. Ind., Vol. III,
Calcutta, 1869.

7.

Abul Fazl, Ain i Akbari, Translated into English by H. Blochmann, edited

by D.C. Phillot, Low Price Edition, Delhi, reprint, 2008.

8.

Abdul Baqi Nahawandi, Maasir-i Rahimi, edited by Hidayat Husain, 3

Volumes, Calcutta, 1910-13.

316
9.

Nahawandi, Abdul Baqi, Maasir-i Rahimi, ed. Hadayat Hussain, Vol. II,
Calcutta, 1931.

10. Jahangir, Tuzuk-i Jahangiri, edited by Saiyid Ahmad Khan, Vol. I,

Ghazipur, 1863-64.
11. Khwaja Kamgar Husaini, Maasir-i Jahangir, edited by Azra Alavi,
Centre of Advanced Study in History , Aligarh Muslim University,
Aligarh, 1978.
12. Abul Qasim Firishta, Tarikh-i Firishta, Eng. tr. The History of the Rise of
the Muhametan Power in India, vol. I. London, 1829.
13. Jahangir, Tuzuk-i Jahangiri, Alexander Rogers (tr.) and edited by H.
Beveridge, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1909; I have also used
Jahangir, Tuzuk-i Jahangiri or The Memoirs of Emperor Jahangir:
written by himself and translated from Persian Manuscripts, Major
David Price (tr.), Howell and Stewart, Holborn, London 1829.
14. Farid Bhakkari, Zakhiratul Khawanin, edited by Moinul Haq, Vol. I,
Karachi, 1961-74.
15. Abdul Hamid Lahori, Padshahnama, edited by Kabiruddin Ahmad and
Abdur Rahim, 2 Volumes, Asiatic Society Bengal, Calcutta 1867-68.
16. Inayat Khan, The Shahjahan Nama of Inayat Khan: An Abridged History
of the Mughal Empire Shahjahan Compiled by his Royal Librarian, A. R.
Fuller, W. E. Begtey and Z. A. Desai (trans.); New Delhi, Oxford
University Press. 1990.
17. Maulana Ghulam Ali Azad Bilgrami, Maasir ul Karam, ed. Abdullah
Khan, Book-2, Kutub Khana Asafiya, Hyderabad, 1913.
18. Muhammad Bukhtawar Khan, Mirat ul Alam, edited by Sajida Alavi,
Vol. I, Lahore, 1979.
19. Mirza Muhammad Saqi and Munshi Muhammad Kazim, Alamgir Nama,
Matba Ilahi, Agra, 1873.

317
20. Saqi Mustaid Khan, Maasir-i Alamgiri, Vol. iii, Calcutta, 1870-73. I
have also consulted Saqi Mustad Khan, Maasir-i Alamgiri: A History of
Emperor Aurangzeb- Alamgir (reign 1658-1707 A.D.), Translated and
Annotated by J.N. Sarkar, The Asiatic Society, Calcutta, 1947, reprint
1990.
21. Ali Muhammad Khan, Mirat-i Ahmadi, Supplement, tr. Syed Nawab Ali
and Charles Norman Seddon, with explanatory Notes and Appendices,
Re-issue Corrected, Baroda, Oriental Institute, 1928.
22. Shah Nawaz Khan, Maasir ul Umara, edited by Maulvi Abdur Rahim,
Vol. III, Calcutta, 1888-90. I have also used Nawwab Samsamud Daula
Shahnawaz Khan and Abdul Hayy, Maasir-ul Umara, Translated by
Beveridge, H. and Annotation and compiled by Baini Prasad, Janki
Prakshan, Patna, Vol. I, 1979.
G.

TRAVELLERS ACCOUNTS:

1.

Fa- hsien, The Travels of Fa- hsien (399-414 A.D.), or Record of the
Buddhist Kingdoms, re translated by H. A. Gills, Routledge & Kegan
Paul, London, 1923.

2.

Fr. Monserrate, The Commentary of Father Monserrate, translated by

J.S. Hoyland, annotated by S. N. Benerjee, OUP, Calcutta, 1922.

3.

Linschoten, John Huyghen Van, The Voyage of John Huyghen Van

Linschoten to the East Indies, from the old English translation of 1598,
(in 2 Volumes), edited by Arthur Coke Burnell, Vol. I, London, 1885,
work issued by The Hakluyt Society, Asian Educational Services, New
Delhi, 1988.

4.

Francois Pyrard de Laval, The Voyages of Francois Pyrard of Laval to

The East Indies, the Maldives, the Moluccas and Brazil, tr. from the third
French edition of 1619 by Albert Grey, Assisted by H.C.P. Bell, Two

318
Volumes in three parts, Hakluyt Society, London,1838, Asian
Educational Services, New Delhi, 2000.
5.

Markham C., Colloquies on the simples and drugs of India by Gracia De

Orta, ,Sotheran and Company, London, 1913.

6.

Delon, A Voyage to the East Indies: Giving an Account of the Isles of

Madagascar, and Mascareigne, of Suratte, the Coast of Malabar, of
Goa, Gameron, Ormus, and the Coast of Brazil, with the Religion,
Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants, etc, as also a Treatise of the
Distempers Peculiar to the Eastern Countries, Trans. Anon. from the
French, London, D. Browne, 1698.

7.

William Foster, The English Factories in India 1661-64, Vol. XI.

Calerendon Press, London, 1923.

8.

Pietro Della Valle, Travels of Pietro Della Valle in India, 1664, tr., G.
Havers, ed., Edward Grey, Vol. I, London, 1991-92.

9.

Samuel Purchas, Hakluytus Posthumus or Purchas his Pilgrims :

Contaying a History of the World in Sea Voyages and Lande Travells by
Englishmen and others, Vol. Iv, Glasgow, 1905.

10. Jean Baptiste Tavernier, Travels in India, tr. from the original French
edition of 1676 with a Biographical Sketch of the Author, Notes
Appendices etc. by V. Ball, (in 2 volumes), Vol. I., Macmillan & Co,
London, 1889.
11. Francois Bernier, Travels in the Mogul Empire, AD 1656-1668,
translated from French by Irving Brock, revised and annotated by A.
Constable, London, 1891; This version, revised and annotated by V.A.
Smith, London, 1914, 1916, rep., New Delhi, 1968.
12. Fray Sebastian Manrique, Travels of Fray Sebastian Manrique 1629-43,
translated by C.E. Laurd and Hosten, Vol. II, Hakluyt Society, 2nd Series,
LXI, Oxford, London, 1927.
13. Jean de Thevenot India in the Seventeenth Century: Voyages to India by
Ovington and Thevenot, ed. J. P. Guha, Vol. II, New Delhi, 1976.

319
14. Careri, Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri, edited by Surrender Nath
Sen, New Delhi, 1949.
15. Abbe Carre, The Travels of the Abbe Carre in India and the Near East,
1672-74, translated by Lady Fawcet, edited by C. Fawcet and R. Burn, 3
Volumes, Hakluyt, London, 1947-48, reprint Delhi, 1990.
16. John Fryer, A New Account of East India and Persia begin Nine Years
Travels, 1672-81, ed. W. Crooke, Vol. I, Hakluyt Society, London, 190915, reprint Delhi, 1985.
17. Niccolao Manucci, Storo do Mogor or Mughal India (1653-1708), trans.
William Irvine, in 4 Volumes, London, 1907-08, reprint, Calcutta, 1996.
18. John Ovington, India in Seventeenth Century: Voyages to India by
Ovington and Thevenot ed. by J. P. Guha, Vol. I, New Delhi, 1976.
19. Alexander Hamilton, A New Account of the East Indies, Being the
observation and Remarks of Captain Alexander Hamilton Who Spent his
Time There from the Year 1688 to 1723 Trading and Travelling by Sea
and Land, to Most of the Countries and Island of Commerce and
Navigation, between the Cape of Good Hope and the Island of Japan,
1727, in 2 Volumes, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 1955.
20. John Grose, A voyage to the East Indies ; Containing Authentic Accounts
of the Mogul Government in general, the Viceroyalties of the Decan and
Bengal, with their several subordinate Dependances of Angria, the
Morattoes, and Tanjoreans of the Mahometan, Gentoo, and Parsee
religions of their Customs and Antiquities, with general reflections on the
Trade of India of the European settlements, Particularly those belonging
to the English; their respective Factories, Governments, Trade,
Fortifications and Public Buildings: The History of the War with the
French from 1754 to the conclusion of the general Peace in1763, in 2
Volumes, Vol, I.,S. Hooper, London, 1772.
21. John Albert de Mandeslo, John Albert de Mandeslo Travels into the
Indies, edited and translated by J. Davies, London, 1662.

320
22. Commissariat, M.S., Mendelslos Travels in Western India (AD 163839), OUP, London, 1931, reprint Asian Educational Service, New Delhi,
1995.
23. C. R. Wilson, The Early Annals of English in Bengal being The Bengal
Public Consultations for the First Half of the Eighteenth Century,
Summarized, Extracted and edited with Introductions and Illustrative
Agenda, in two Volumes, Calcutta, 1895, Calcutta, 1911
24. Frederick Slare, Experiments and Observations upon Oriental and other
Bezoar Stones, which prove them to be of no Use in Physick, London, T.
Goodwin, 1715.
25. T. A. Wise, Review on the History of Medicine, Vol. I, Adam Black &co.
London, 1867.
26. Markham, C. R., A Memoir on the Indian Surveys, First Publication,
London, 1878, Second Publication, Manohar, New Delhi, 2004.
27. Kaul, H. K., Travellers India: An Anthology, Delhi, 1979.
28. Reginald Heber, Narrative of A Journey Through the Upper Provinces of
India from Calcutta to Bombay, 1824-1825, with notes upon Ceylon,
Vol. II & III, Third edition, Asian Educational Services, New
Delhi,1995.
29. Edward Eastwick, Hand Book for India-Madras, part I, John Murray,
London, 1859.
30. James Forbes, Oriental Memoirs: Selected from a Series of Familiar
Letters Written During Seventeen Years Residence in India, A new
Introduction by W. H. Siddique, in Four Volumes, Gian publishing
House, First reprint in India, Vol. I., 1988.
31. F. Buchanan, A Journey from Madras Through The Countries Of
Mysore, Canara and Malabar, Vol. I & II., London, 1807.
32. F. Buchanan, An Account of the District of Behar and Patna in 1811-12
(1-2 vols.); Vol. I. Patna, 1928.

321
33. F. Buchanan, An Account of the District of Bhagalpur in 18010-11,
Patna, 1928.
34. F. Buchanan, An Account of the District of Purnea in 1809-10, Patna,
1928.
35. F. Buchanan, An Account of the District of Shahabad in 1812-13, Patna,
1934.
36. Donald Butter, Outline of the Topography and Statistics of the Southern
Districts of Oudh and the Cantonment of Sultanpur Oudh,, edited with
Introduction by Safi Ahmad, Idarah-i- Adabiyat-i-Delhi, reprint, New
Delhi, 1982.
37. Montgomery Martin, The History, Antiquities, Topography and Statistics
of Eastern India&c, in 5 Volumes, Vol. II(Bhagalpur & Gorakhpur) &III
(Dinajpur), London, Comos Publication, Delhi, 1976.

H.

DOCUMENTS:

1.

Diary and Consultations (Public Department), Records of the Fort St.

George, 1752, Vol. 80, Madras Government Press, 1941

2.

Diary and Consultations, 1758, Vol. 88, n. 13

3.

Diary and Consultations, 1722, vol. 53 (Madras: Government Press,

1930)

4.

Surat Diaries, 5 March N. 70, Vol. III, 1669.

5.

G. W. Forested (ed.), Selections from the Letters, Despatches and other

State Papers, preserved in the Bombay Secretariat Home Series, Vol. I,

SECONDARY SOURCES:
A. DISSERTATIONS AND THESIS:
1.

S. A. N. Rezavi, Urban Middle Classes Under the Mughals, Ph.D. Thesis

Submitted at AMU, 2006.

322
B. CATALOGUES AND DICTIONARIES:
1.

A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Private Libraries of the North

West Provinces, Compiled by orders of the Government of N.W.
Provinces, 1874.

2.

Bahadur, HiralalRai, Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit Manuscripts in

Central Provinces and Berar (A list), Nagpur, 1678.

3.

Bahadur, Maulvi A.M.K., Catalogue of the Arabic and Persian

Manuscripts in the Oriental Public Library, Bankipore, Vol. XI (Persian
Mss.), Bihar Orissa, Patna, 1927,

4.

Burnell, A. C., Classified Index to Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Palace at

Tanjore, London, n.d.,

5.

Devasthali, G. V., A Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit and Prakrit

Manuscripts (BhagavatSinghji and H. M. Bhandarkar Memorial
Collections) in the Library of University of Bombay, Bombay, 1944.

6.

Eggeling, J., Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of India

Office London, Vol. V: Medicine, Astrology and Mathematics etc.,
London, 1896.

7.

Mackenzie, Colin, A Descriptive Catalogue of the Oriental Manuscripts,

and other Articles: Illustrations of the Literature, History, Statistics and
antiquities of the South India, H. H. Wilson (ed.), Vol. I, Calcutta, 1828.

8.

Mitra, R., A Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of H. H.

the Maharaja of Bikaner, Calcutta, 1880

9.

Peterson, P., A Report on the Search of Sanskrit Manuscripts in Bombay

Circle, Vol. VI, April 1895 to March 1898, Bombay.

10. Peterson, P., Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Library of H. H.

the Maharaja of Alwar, Bombay, 1892.
11. Rahman, A., et al, Science and Technology in Medieval India: A
Bibliography of Source Materials in Sanskrit, Arabic Persian, Indian
National Science Academy, New Delhi, 1982.

323
12. Sastri, S. Kuppuswamy& C, Descriptive Catalogue of Sanskrit
Manuscripts in the Government Oriental Manuscripts Library, Madras,
Vol. XXIII: Medicine, Madras, 1918.
13. Stein, M. A., Catalogue of Sanskrit Manuscripts in the Ranganatha
Temple Library of H. H. the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, Bombay,
1894.
14. Storey, Charles Ambrose, Persian Literature A Bibliographical Survey,
Vol. II, Part 2, E. Medicine, The Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain
and Ireland, Luzac and Co. Ltd, London, 1971.
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Alam, M., European Medicine in Medieval India: A Case Study of

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Alam, M., Persian Medical Literature in the Eighteenth Century: A

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Alam, M., Some Aspects of Healing Tradition in Bihar: Special

reference to Buchanan, Sinha, A.K. (ed.) In Dimensions in Indian
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33. Deodhar, N. S. Primary Health Care in India, Journal of Public Health
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38. Ernst, Waltraud, Colonial Lunacy Policies and the Madras Lunatic
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39. Ernst, Waltraud, Colonial Psychiatry, Magic and Religion: The Case of
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Social History of Health and Medicine in Colonial India, Rutledge,
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43. G .J. Meulenbeld, The Many Faces of Ayurveda, Journal of the
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44. Gangadharan, N., The State of Ayurveda in the Eighteenth and
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45. Gordon, C. A., Notes on the Early History of the Contagious Diseases
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46. Gracias, Fatima da Silva The Portuguese and the Social Welfare
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47. Grumurthy, S., Medical Science Dispensaries in Ancient South India as
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Hill, S. Charles, The Old Sepoy Officer, England History Review, Vol.
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56. Jain, S. and Murthy, P., Madmen and Specialists: the Clientele and the
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58. Khaleefatullah, Hakim S., Unani Tradition, The Hindu Folio, Oct.
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60. Kim, Elizabeth, Race Sells: Racialized Trade Cards in 18th-Century
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61. Kochhar, Rajesh, The Truth behind the Legend: European Doctors in
Pre-colonial India, Journal of Biosciences, September, Vol. 24, No. 3,
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62. Kumar, Deepak Unequal Contenders, Uneven Ground; Medical
Encounters in British India, 1820-1920, in Andrew Cunningham and
Bridie Andrews (ed.), Western Medicine as Contested Knowledge,
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63. Kurup, P. N. V.,Ayurveda in Robert H. Bannerman, John Berton and
Chen Wen Chieh, Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage: A
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Perceptions of Italian Missionaries, Indian Economic Social History
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67. McLeod, K., Medical Education in India, Caledonian Medical Journal,
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68. Muhammad, Jigar Mughal Support to Madarsa Education (15561748), Paper presented at National Seminar, April 5th -7th 2005, Centre
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69. N. H. Keswani, Medical Education in India since Ancient Times, in C.
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70. N. P. Rai, S.K. Tiwari, S.D. Upadhya & C.N. Chaturvedi, The Origin
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71. Neild, Susan M., Colonial Urbanism: The Development of Madras City
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72. P.V. Sharma, Development of Ayurveda from Antiquity to AD 300, in
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73. Pandya S.K., Medicine in Goa- A Former Portuguese Territory,
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74. Patterson, T. J. S., The Relationship of Indian and European
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75. Patterson, Tom, The Interaction of Indian Medicine and Modern
Medicine (colonial Period), in Medicine and life Science in India, being
Vol. IV Part 2 of History of Science, Philosophy and Culture in Indian
History, ed. B. V. Subbarayappa, New Delhi, PHISPC Series, 2001.
76. Pearson, M. N., The Portuguese State and Medicine in Sixteenth
Century Goa, in K.S. Mathew, Teotonio R. de Souza and Pius

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Malekandathil, The Portuguese and the Socio-cultural Changes in Indi,
1500-1800, FundacaoOriente, 2001.
77. Pearson, M. N., The Thin End of the Wedge: Medical Relativities as a
Paradigm of Early Modern Indian European Relations, Modern Asian
Studies, Vol. 29, no. 1, Feb. 1995.
78. Peers, Douglas M., Soldiers, Surgeons and the Campaigns to Combat
Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Colonial India, 1805-1860, Medical
History, 42, 1998.
79. Qaiser, Neshat, Politics, Culture and Colonialism: Unanis Debate with
Doctory, in Pati, B. and Mark Harrison, Health, Medicine and Empire:
Perspectives on Colonial India, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2001.
80. Ramanathan, M. K., French Hospital of Pondicherry during First half of
Nineteenth Century Indian Journal of History of Medicine, 7, 22, 1962.
81. Ramanna, Mridula, Indian Response to Western Medicine: Vaccination
in the City of Bombay in the Nineteenth Century, in S.P. Verma and
A.J. Qaiser (eds), Art and Culture; Endeavour in Interpretation, New
Delhi, 1996.
82. Rao, M.S., The History of Medicine in India and Burma, Medical
History, Vol, XII, 1968.
83. Ratnagar, Shereen, The Drainage Systems at Mohenjo-daro and
Nausharo: A Technological Breakthrough or a Stinking Disaster?, Paper
presented in the Panel on Science and Technology in Indias Past
Indian History Congress, 68th Session, Delhi University, Delhi,
December 2007 and included in Papers from The Aligarh Historian
Society, ed. IrfanHabib, 2007,pp.1-6 (memio-graph).
84. Reddy, D. V. S., The Origin and Evolution of the Madras General
Hospital, Madras Medical Journal, 17, 1937.

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85. Rezavi, S. A. N. Physicians as Professional in Medieval India, in
Deepak Kumar (ed.), Disease and Medicine in India: A Historical
Overview, Tulika Books, New Delhi, 2001.
86. Robert Tavers, Death and the Nabob: Imperialism and Commemoration
in Eighteenth Century India, Past and Present, no. 196, August, 2007.
87. Sarabadhikari, K. C., The Early Days of the First Medical College in
India, Indian Journal of Medical Education, Vol.1, 1962.
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Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century, Indian Journal of History of
Science, Vol. 1, no. 2, Nov 1966.
89. Siddiqi, M. Z., The Unani Tibb (Greek Medicine) in India, Islamic
Culture, July 1968.
90. Siddique, T., Unani Medicine in India during the Delhi Sultanate,
Indian Journal of History of Science, Vol. 15(1), May 1980.
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Sultanate, Studies in History of Medicine, Vol.02, no.3, 1978, pp.18389.
92. Thakur, V.K., Surgery in Early India: a note on the Development of
Medical Science, in Deepak Kumar, (ed.), Disease and Medicine in
India: A Historical Overview, New Delhi, 2001.
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Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4, 26-53, 1953.
94. Verma, R. L. and Bijlani, V., Hakim Ali Gilani: Assessment of his place
in Greco-Medicine, Studies in History of Medicine, Vol. IV, No. 2, June
1980.
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Journal of History Science, Vol. V, no. 2, 1970.

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Scientific Heritage of India, edited by B. Subbarayappa and S.N. Murthy,
Bangalore, The Mythic Society, 1988.
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Gazette, Vol.38, no. 1, January 1903.
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99. Zupanov, Ines G., Drugs, Health, Bodies and Souls in the Tropics:
Medical Experiments in the Sixteenth Century Portuguese India, Indian
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100. Zysk, K.G., Mantras in Ayurveda: A Study of the Use of MagicoReligious

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Understanding Mantras, New York, 1985.

D. MODERN WORKS (Books):
1.

Alavi, Seema, Islam and Healing: Loss and Recovery of an Indo-Muslim

Medical Tradition 1600-1900, Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007.

2.

Alphen Jan Van and Aris Anthony, Oriental Medicine: An Illustrated

Guide to the Asian Arts of Healing, Serindia, 1995.

3.

Anonymous, Physician-Authors Greco-Arab Medicine in India, Institute

of History of Medicine and Medical Research, New Delhi, 1970.

4.

Arnold, David (ed.), Imperial Medicine and Indigenous Societies,

Manchester University Press, Manchester, 1988.

5.

Attewell, Guy N.A., Refiguring Unani: Plural Healing in Late Colonial

Period, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2007.

334
6.

B.V. Subbarayappa (ed.), Medicine and Life Sciences in India, Vol. IV,
Part 2, PHISPC, Centre For Studies in Civilization, New Delhi, 2001.

7.

Babar, Zaheer, The Science of Empire: Scientific Knowledge,

Civilization, and Colonial Rule in India. OUP, New Delhi, 1992.

8.

Bagchi, Ashok Kumar, Medicine in Medieval India (11th to 18th

centuries), Konark Publication, New Delhi, 1997.

9.

Bala, Poonam, Medicine and Medical Policies in India: Social and

Historical Perspective, Lexington Books, UK, 2007.

10.

Ballhatchet, K., Race, Sex and Class under the Raj: Imperial Attitude and
Policies and their Critics, 1793-1905, Vikash Publishing House, New
Delhi, 1979.

11.

Barua, Bein Madhab, Inscription of Asoka, Translation, Glossary and

General Index, Part II, University of Calcutta, 1943.

12.

Basham, A. L., The Wonder that was India: A Survey of the History and
Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims,
Third Revised Edition, Rupa & Co, New Delhi, 1967.

13.

Basu, A. N., (ed.), Indian Education in Parliamentary Papers, Part I

(1832), Under the Patronage of the Government of India, Narayan Rao
Topiwala Memorial Educational Research Series, Vol. II, Asian
Publishing House, Calcutta, 1952.

14.

Basu, B. D., History of Education in India, under the Rule of the East
India Company, The Modern Review office, Calcutta, Second Edition,
1867.

15.

Beal, Samuel (tr.), Buddhist Records of the Western World, translated

from the Chinese of Hiuen Tsang A.D. 629, Munshi Manoharlal, New
Delhi, 1983.

335
16.

Bearman, P.J., Bianquis, Th., Bosworth, C.E., Donel, E. Van and

Heinrichs, W.P. The Encyclopedia of Islam, New edition, Leiden, Brill,
2000.

17.

Bernal, J. D., Science in History, Vol. I, Harmonds worth, 1969.

18.

Bhan, Suraj and Dahiya, K.S., Disease, Surgery and Health in the
Harappan Civilization, Disease and Medicine in India A Historical
View, ed. Deepak Kumar, Tulika, New Delhi, 2001.

19.

Bhatia, S. L., A History of Medicine with Special Reference to the Orient,

Office of the Medical Council of India, New Delhi, 1977

20.

Brown, Percy, Indian Painting under Mughals, AD 1550 to AD1750,

Oxford,1924

21.

Browne, E. G., Islamic Medicine, Good word Books, New Delhi, 2007.

22.

Chakrabarti, Pratik, Western Science in Modern India: Metropolitan

Methods, Colonial Practices, Permanent Black, New Delhi, 2004.

23.

Chattopdhyaya, Debi Prasad, Science and Society in Ancient India,

Research India Publication, Calcutta, 1977.

24.

Chaudary Sushil and Morineau Mickel (ed.), Merchants Companies and

Trade: Europe and Asia in the Early Modern Era, Cambridge, 1999.

25.

Coleridge, Henry James, The Life and Letters of St. Francis Xavier, (in 2
Volumes), London, 1874, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 2nd
edition, 2004.

26.

Crawford, D.G., A History of Indian Medical Services 1600-1913, 2

Volumes, W. Thacker & Co, London, 1914.

27.

Cunha, Tristao Braganza: Goa's Freedom Struggle. Dr. T. B. Cunha

Memorial Committee. Bombay, 1961.

28.

DSouza Bento Graciano, Goan Society in Transition: A Study in Social

Change, Popular Prakashan, Bombay, 1975.

336
29.

Danvers, F.C., Report on the Portuguese Records Relating to the East

Indies, Asian Educational Services, New Delhi, 1991.

30.

Dharampal, Indian Science and Technology in the Eighteenth Century:

Some Contemporary European Accounts, Implex India, Delhi, 1971.

31.

Dutt, K. N., Origin and Growth of Caste in India, Vol. I &II combined,
first combined reprint, Calcutta, 1986, pp.251-52; See also,

32.

Filliozat, J., The Classical Doctrines of Indian Medicine: Its Origin and
its Greek Parrallels, English tr. D. R. Chanana, MunshiramMahohar lal,
New Delhi, 1964.

33.

Fredunbeg, Mirza Kalich beg (tr.), A History of Sindh, Vol. II, Karachi,
1902.

34.

Gaitonde, P. D., Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine,

Bombay, Popular Prakashan, 1983.

35.

Garratt, G. T., (ed.), The Legacy of India, Clerendon Press, Oxford, 1962.

36.

Grove, Richard H., Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical

Island Edens and the Origin of Environmentalism, 1600-1850, OUP,
New Delhi, 1995.

37.

Gupta, Ashin Das, Indian Merchants and the Decline of Surat, 1700-40,
Wiesbaden, 1979.

38.

Harrison, Mark, Public Health in British India: Anglo-Indian Preventive

Medicine 1859-1914, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi, 1994.

39.

Jones, W. H. S., (ed.), Hippocrates, Vol. I, London, 1972.

40.

Kaifi, Abdul Khaliq, Socio-Economic Determinants of Health System in

India under the Aspects of Colonial Structures, Frankfurt, R.G. Fisher
Verlag, 1991.

41.

Khan, Gulfishan, Indian Muslim Perceptions of the West during the 18th
Century, OUP, Karachi, 1998.

42.

Kincaid, Denis, British Social Life in India 1608-1937, London, 1973.

337
43.

Kumar, Anil, Medicine and Raj: British Medical policy in India 18351911, Sage Publication, New Delhi, 1998.

44.

Kumar, Deepak (ed.), Disease and Medicine in India: A Historical

Overview, Tulika Publication, New Delhi, 2001.

45.

Kumar, Deepak Science and Raj: A Study of British India, Second

edition, OUP, New Delhi, 2006.

46.

Law, Narendra Nath, Promotion of Learning in India with a forwarded

by H. Beveridge, Longmans, Green, & Co, London, Calcutta, 1916.

47.

Loom, Gabriel Von, (ed.), Carak Samhita: Hand Book on Ayurveda,

Chaukhambha Orientalia Publishers, 2002.

48.

Majo Guido, Healing Hand: Man and Wound in Ancient World, Harvard
University Press, Cambridge, 1975.

49.

Marshal, P. J., East Indian Fortunes: The British in Bengal in the

Eighteenth Century, Oxford, 1976.

50.

Mukhopadhyaya, Giridharanth, History of Indian Medicine, Munshiram

Manoharlal, Vol. III., Second edition, New Delhi, 1974.

51.

Mukhopadhyaya, Girindranath, History of Indian Medicine, Vol II.,

University Press of Calcutta, Calcutta, 1926.

52.

N. H. Keswani (ed.),The Science of Medicine and Physiological

Conceptions in Ancient and Medieval India, New Delhi, 1974.

53.

Patti B. and Harrison M., Health, Medicine and Empire: Perspective of

Colonial India, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2001.

54.

Patti Biswamoy and Harrison Mark, Health, Medicine and Empire:

Perspective of Colonial India, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 2001.

55.

Patti Biswamoy and Harrison, Mark (ed.), The Social History of Health
and Medicine in Colonial India, London, 2009.

56.

Pillai, Kandaswamy, History of Siddha Medicine, Madras, 1979;

338
57.

Playfair, George, The Talif Sharif or Indian Material Medica, Calcutta,

1833.

58.

Qaiser, A. J., The Indian Response to European Technology and Culture

(A.D.1449-1707), OUP, New Delhi, 1982.

59.

Rao, S., Lothal: A Harappan Port Town (1955-62), Vol. I, New Delhi,
1979.

60.

Ray P. and Sen S. N., (ed.), The Cultural Heritage of India, Ramkrishna
Mission, Calcutta, 1986.

61.

Ray, Priyadaranjan, Gupta, Hirendra Nathand Roy, Mira, Susruta

Samhita: A Scientific Synopsis, INSA, New Delhi, First edition 1980,
reprint 1993.

62.

Siddiqi, M. Z., Studies in Arabic and Persian Medical Literature,

Calcutta University, Calcutta, 1959.

63.

Subrmanium, S. V. and Madharan V.R. (ed.), Heritage of Tamils: Siddha

Medicine, Madras, 1984.

64.

The History and Culture of Indian Public, Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan,

Bombay, 4th revised edition, 1965.

65.

Turner, H. R., Science in Medieval Islam: An Illustrated Introduction,

OUP, New Delhi, 1999.

66.

Udwadia, Farokh Erach, Man and Medicine: A History, OUP, New

Delhi, 2000

67.

Ullman, Manfred, Islamic Medicine, Edinburg University Press,

Edinburg, 1978.

68.

Visvanathan, Shiv, Organizing for Science: The Making of an Industrial

Laboratory, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1985.

69.

Wilson, W. J., History of the Madras Army, (in 5 Vols.), Vol.1. Madras
Government Press, 188289.

339
70.

Wujastyk, Dominic, The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sanskrit

Medical Writings, Penguin Classics, India, First edition 1998, Second
revised edition 2003.

71.

Zimmerman F., The Jungle and the Aroma of Meats: An Ecological

Theme in Hindu Medicine, Berkley, 1987.

72.

Zysk, Kenneth G., Asceticism and Healing in Ancient India: Medicine in

the Buddhist Monastery, OUP, New York, 1991.

E. URDU BOOKS:
1.

Chandpuri, Kausar, Atibba-i Ahd-i Mughaliya, Hamdard Academy,

Karachi, 1955.

2.

Geelani, Hakim Ghulam, Tariekh-ul Atibba, Lahore Nawal Kishore

Steam press, 1913.

3.

Nagrami, Hakim Syed Muhammad Hassan, Tarikh Tibb, Qaumi Council

BraiFarog Urdu Juban, New Delhi, 1989.

4.

Nayar,

Wasti,

TashreehatwaTanqeedat,

Idara-e-Saqafat-e-Islamia,

Lahore.
5.

The All India Vaidic and Unani Tibbi Conference Ke Pehle Salana Jalsa,
1910, (Address of Hakim Ajmal Khan).

6.

Zillur Rahman, Hakim Syed, Dilli Aur Tibb-i Unani, Urdu Academy,
Delhi, 1995.