INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES

Instructional resources are key resources

used by teacher every day to help students
acquire knowledge. From textbooks to
library books to web sites, a wide variety of
resources are available to help teachers
meet the needs and pique the interests of
their students. At the same time, there
remains a major role for student use of
textbooks and for instructional use of
demonstrations ,films ,videos ,sildes, and
overhead transparencies. Instructional
resources usually fall into one of two
categories: student-centred and teachercentred. In the student-centred model,
instructional resources can be used for
tutorials, problem solving, discovery, and
review. In the teacher-centred model
,resources are used for presentations of
supplementary or primary material in the
classroom as described in some example.

TEXTBOOK
A textbook is a teacher in print. When an
ordinary book contains a base statement of
knowledge the textbook is armed with
various teacher- learning techniques and

motive. It is normally a written book which

contains selective and systematic
knowledge prerented in sequentionl form,
the study of which in provide learning
experiences required for the mantery of the
curriculum.

. textbooks provide useful guidelines which

could help the teacher in day to day
teaching.

.Textbook is the most accessible guide,

dependable inference book, and all time
companion.

.Textbook makes self-learning possible.

Good textbook provides material in a
systematic and comprehensive form.

.A good textbook help to form correct

understanding of basic concepts and
principles of commerce.

WORKBOOK

Printed material accompanying a course text

that contains exercises, problems, and
practice material to clarify and reinforce the
lessons presented in the textbook
workbooks are often used in schools for
younger students, either in middle school or
elementary school. They are favoured
because students can work directly in their
books, eliminating the need for loose leaf
and copying questions from a textbook. The
term workbook is also used to describe
other compilations of questions that require
the reader to complete scratch-work when
dealing with higher-level mathematics. It
can also be used as a training tool for
certain job positions.

HANDBOOK
A handbook is a type of reference work, or
other collection of instructions, that is
intended to provide ready reference. A
handbook is a treatise on a special subject.
Nowadays it is often a simple but allembracing treatment, containing concise
information and being small enough to be
held in the hand. A handbook is sometimes
referred to as a vade mecum or pocket

reference that is intended to be carried at all

time.

SOURCEBOOK
The term sourcebook is used to describe
many different kinds of book such as
collections of core articles , bibliographies,
biographies, printed archival sources,
directories and so on. There seems to be no
consensus in the application of this term a
collection of writings and articles on a
particular subject, especially one used as a
basic introduction to that subject .The
sourcebook for teaching is designed to
complement any secondary school
curriculum. Teachers will find ready- to- use
demonstration, illustrations, games puzzles ,
analogies, lessons, activities, and strategies,
as well as explanations of how to adapt for
learners and student.

CARTOONS
A cartoon is a form of two-dimensional
illustrated visual art. While the specific
definition has change over time, modern
usage refers to a typically non-realistic or
semi-realistic drawing or painting intended

for satire, caricature , or humor , or to the

artistic style of such works . An artist who
creates cartoons is called a cartoonist.
1. Grads attention
2. Generates participation
3.Develops skills

IT ENABLED INTRUCTIONAL
RESOURCES:
VIDEOS

Teachers who use instructional video

report that their students retain more
information , understand concepts more
rapidly and more enthusiastic about
what they are learning. With video as
one component in a throughtful lesson
plan , students often make new
connections between curriculum topics,
and discover links between these topics
and the world outside the classroom.
Videos is uniquely suited to:

.Take students on impossible field trip.

*Take students around the globe

*Engage students in problem solving

*Provide a common experience for
students to discuss
VIDEO AS A FLEXIBLE A TEACHING
MEDIUM
The more interested and engaged
students are and the more interactive
each learning session is the more
students will enjoy learn from and retain
information from the lesson.
Video provides a means of
interactive instruction and is a very
flexible medium. Having the ability to
stop start and rewind is absolutely
invaluable. It provides the option to stop
each video and challenge students to
predict the outcome of a demonstration
and elobrate on or debate a point of
historical reference.
You tube resources
School leaders ,teachers and parents
should consider either unblocking or at
least trying out .

You tube for schools for teachers

because it is a free way to make lessons
come alive. The price is right and all you
need is a wi-fi connection and at least
one device.
Why you tube rocks the classroom
*Students are more engaged through
visually stimulating videos and
presentations
*Educational lessons are easily shared
across the globe
*Student can easily upload their own
videos to demonstrate understanding
*Students or the whole classroom can
create video replies to each other
*Videos can supplement lessons for
students
*Teachers can spend more time
focussing on students and less time
explaining the complex topics
*Teachers will have a library of free
information to help explain just about
anything
If students and teachers are to receive
the maximum benefits from the use of

video in education ,the video should be

supported by a selection of other tools
and resources that enable each topic to
be fully investigated and explored.
Animations
Animation is the process by creating the
illusion of motion and shape change by
means of the rapid display of a sequence
of static images that minimally differ
from each other.
Animations can be recorded on
either analogue media, such as a
flipbook ,motion picture, film video tape
or on digital media

including formats such as animated

GIF,flash animation or digital video.

Film clippings

Teachers have long used the mediaand

particularly film to accomplish various
instructional objectives such as building
background for particular topics or
motivating student reaction and analysis
.The appeal of visual media continues to
make film ,video ,and television educational
tools with high potential impact; and they
are now considerably more accessible and
less cumbersome to use .The use of film in
the classroom has become more popular
since the arrival of the videocassette
recorder(VCR) with its relative economy and
ease of operation.
The use of movies provides educators
with a valuable tool and means a break
to traditional teaching methods . Movies
can be good tools for representing visual
clues and information. However, use of
movies is limited because of their
technical and time demands . In poor
countries technical facilities are pitiable
and regarding some subjects the
teaching time is so little that showing a
movie would be a waste of time .