Course of Lectures about

Optical Information Superhighway

Construction
Core Backbone network
Hotspot Metro network
Destination FTTH

Ren Hailan
Wuhan Research Institute of Post &
Telecommunication

Agenda

Background of FTTH

FTTH Status and Forecast

FTTH Technology Basics

FTTH in China

Telecommunication Trends
Broadband
Broadband Access
High Capacity Transport

Optical Transport
High Capacity Components

Convergence
Multiple Services
Transport-bearer
Access Technologies
Fixed-mobile

Carry graded Internet

Convergence Regulations

Personalization
Mobility
Personalized Services

Integrated Wireless Systems

Open Service Platform

NGN is for All the Future Networks

Next Generation
Access Network
DSL\FTTH

Next Generation
Wireless Network
3G\WLAN\WIMAX

End-to-end, evolved, converged total solution

Next generation
Universal protocol
based packet network
switching network
Open platform

Softswitch

Service driven
With switching as the core
Next Generation
Transport Network
ASON/WDM

Next Generation
Internet
IPV6

Evolution to NGN Access Network

Narrow BandBroadband

D i al U p
5 6K

AD S L
1-20M

F T Tx + V DS L
5 0M

FT T H
100M

SeparatedConverged
Single Service
Integrated Services
Broadband

Narrowband
Integrated
Single

Integrated

Service

service
Fixed

Wireless

Why FTTH?

FTTH: Fiber To The Home

HTTF: How To Trade Fiber

FTTH Driving Forces

Services

Market

New applications (Gaming, VOD, P2P, HDTV)

Each family needs about 60M b/w
Promotion to other industries
Overall market: 200-380 B /year in China

Technology

Progress in op-electronics and micro-electronics

FTTH cost (system, fiber, device) drops dramatically

Competition

LEC vs. CATV

CLEC vs. ILEC

Regulation

Governments new regulations to encourage

FTTH deployments

Access Still the Bottleneck

Backbone
160X10G DWDM
ULH: 10G 3000km
40G SDH

Metro
MSTP
CWDM/DWDM
Metro GE

Access

ASIC

Dial-Up
ADSL
LAN

Mores Law

Video Application Needs FTTH

Access rate

ADSL Cannot Meet the Needs

Neither Current Wireless

WiMAX

Wi Fi

Agenda

Background of FTTH

FTTH Status and Forecast

FTTH Technology Basics

FTTH in China

Globe FTTH Update

Japan

United States

245,000 FTTH users in July 2003 with 10M as the typical bandwidth
Provide E-magazine, VOIP phone, etc.

Italy

Massive deployments started in 2004. 200,000 users by mid 2004

Verizon plan 3 million by 2005; SBC plan 19 million by 2007; Bellsouth
plan 2.8 million by 2009

Sweden

FTTH users from 531,000 in July 2003 to 2.03 million in Sept 2004
Forecast 7.7 million by 2007

145,000 FTTH subscribers in July 2003, more than half of BB subs

Provide voice, data, VOD, E-gaming, VoIP, CATV

Netherlands and Australia

Also have FTTH deployments and future plans

Global Broadband Statistics

Broadband lines by region
North
Am erica
29%

Asia
44%

FTTH lines by region

North
Am erica
9%

CALA
2%

EMEA
25%

CALA
0%
EMEA
21%

Source: RHK, Corning, Point Topic Q2 2003

Asia
71%

Global FTTH Forecast

FTTH Subscribers CAGR 220%

Source: Cahners In-Stat Group,

RHK 2003

Agenda

Background of FTTH

FTTH Status and Forecast

FTTH Technology Basics

FTTH in China

Access Network

Access Network
The network portion between CO and the user
Function includes cross connect, multiplexing, transport, but no
switching
Also known as local network, local loop, or subscriber loop

Optical Access Network (OAN)

The set of access links sharing the same network-side interfaces and
supported by optical access transmission systems.

OAN Reference Configuration

Q3

AN system management functions

ONU

S/R

R/S

ODN

AF

Service
node
functions

OLT

ONU
(V) reference point
SNI

(a) reference point

(T) reference point
UNI
User side

Network side
T1520720-96

OAN Network Architecture

O
N
T
N
T

N
T

FTTH
fibre

copper

copper

h om e
n etw ork

O
N
U

F T T B /C
fibre

O
N
U

O
L
T

FTTCab
fibre

access netw ork

UNI

SN I
T 1 5 28 1 1 0 -9 8

O N U O ptical N etw ork U n it

O N T O ptical N etw ork T erm in ation
O LT O ptical Lin e T erm in ation
N T N etw ork T erm in ation

Terminologies

FTTH Fiber To The home

FTTO Fiber To The Office

FTTC Fiber To The Curb or Cabinet

FTTB Fiber To The Building

FTTF Fiber To The Floor

FTTP Fiber To The Premises

FTTN Fiber To The Node

FTTX Fiber To The eXchange

FTTx General term for all of above

FTTx
Fiber
Copper

CO
CO
Splitter

Active
Module

FTTH Defined
ITU-T: Fiber to the householdno copper
between CO and households

FCC: H includes both household and small

business

We Extend: H includes individual household,

small business, and multi-dwelling apartment
building

FTTP Target Market

High end residence, especially the new builds, will be the starting
point for FTTH
They are wealthy, seeking for modem life with advanced
technologies
High end
residence

Large scale deployment, easy for planning, deployment and

maintenance

Most users in business building/CBD requires high bandwidth,

integrated services, and can generate high ARPU
Triple play plus TDM leased lines
Business/CBD

Internet centers are very popular in China, they usually closely

located to each other and need large amount of b/w
ADSL does not meet b/w requirements, FTTP a good solution
Internet Center

Because closely location, PON is a good choice

FTTO Example
Building A

Building B

Company E

BP5001
(ONU)

Internet

Company A
Company F
Company B

Teleom
building

Company G
Company C
Company H

Company D

(ODN)
Company I

BP5012
(OLT)

Basement

E1/T1 Convergence
EPON access

N fibers

Existing PDH
access
1 fiber

FTTH Example

High-end

High-end

MDU

MDU

House

FTTH System Requirements

Integrated Servicevoice, video, data, multimedia, TDM

High Capacityfinal b/w about 100Mbps/home
Low Cost 800/home
Scalabilitybandwidth/home#subscribers/system
Manageabilitysubscribers, provision, fault, performance,
security, billing
Interoperabilityexisting equipment, multi-versions,
standardization
Availabilitymaximum failure/year, smooth upgrade
Flexibilityservice types, bandwidth, accounting/billing,
system protection

FTTH Generic Architecture

Network Part

User Part

Access Part

PSTN

OLT

ODN

Internet

ONU

CATV Net
1-20km

50-300m

Beyond FTTH Access

PSTN

PSTN

OLT

MSTP

Network
Side

OLT
Internet
Internet

CATV Net
CATV Net

WLAN

RJ45

Home Side

Cable

ONU

RJ11

Fiber

ONU

75
75

End-user Multiplex Mechanism

1
2

Fiber-D

1
2

CO

(1, 3, 5 )

WDM

(2, 4 6, )

1
2

1
2

3
4

CO

TDM

CO

5
6

1
2

1
2

1
2

FTTH Architectures
Single level P2P
N pair of low speed O-modules
N long fibers
N ports at CO
No active components
No b/w limitation

Two level P2P

1 pair high speed O-modules
N pair low speed O-modules
1 long fiber + N short fibers
1 port at CO
Active components
No b/w limitation

CO

CO

Fiber in the Building

1 pair high speed O-modules
1 long fibers
1 port at CO
Active components
B/w limitation

CO

PON
N+1of low speed O-modules
1 long fiber + N short fibers
1 ports at CO
No active components
No b/w limitation

CO

PON with 3 Wavelengths

VSB-AM

1.55

TDM

OLT
PSTN

VSB-AM

Filter-2

1:32

1.55

.
.
.

CATV

Internet

Filter-1

1:16

1.49
1.31

.
.
.

TDM

1.49
1.31

P2P vs. PON

P2P
CO

PON

N ports

OLT

4dynamic bandwidth sharing

CO

31 port

OLT

N fibers
low speed module

1 1 fiber
5 high speed module

2N transceivers
2 N+1 transceivers

FTTH Topology

How Does PON Work?

True broadcast downstream,

Each ONU filters its own
users traffic
Bandwidth statistic
multiplexing

Upstream time slicing

No collision
No packet fragmentation
Dynamic bandwidth
allocation
Fast burst synchronization

PON: P2MP Technology

Same topologyP2MP fiber

APON

EPON

GPON

Proposed by FSAN and

standardized by ITU-T

IEEE EFM standardized

802.3ah

ATM encapsulation

Proposed by FSAN
standardized by ITU-T

Ethernet encapsulation

Standard most mature

GEM encapsulation

Standard mature

Used in US and Japan

Standard on going

Rapid growth in market

To be replaced

Few vendors

Widely used in Japan

Different encapsulation

APONEPON and GPON

APON

GPON

v id e o

v id e o

L5

EPON

v id e o
POTS

POTS

POTS

d a ta
TDM

d a ta

d a ta
TDM

TDM

L4

T C P /U D P

T C P /U D P

T C P /U D P

L3

IP

IP

IP
IE T F

ETH

L2

A A L 1 /2

PW E

AAL5

A T M C e ll

L1

ETH

G E M F ra m e

P O N P h y s ic a l L a y e r

E th e rn e t F ra m e

EPON: Multiplexing
EPON use WDM to realize bi-directional transport on a
single fiber
1490nm

1310nm

In order to distinguish the signals in two different

directions, two multiplexing technologies adopted
TDM for downstream
TDMA for upstream

EPON: Downstream
Broadcasting mode

ONU-specific
packet

ONU-specific
packet

Splitter
Variable length
packets IEEE 802.3
format
After registration, ONU is assigned unique LLID(s)
Before transmitting a packet, an LLID was added into every packet
After receiving a packet, OLT compares the LLID with its LLID registration
listONU only accepts those packet that has its own LLID or broadcasting
packet

EPON: Upstream
TDMA mode
ONU-specific
packet
ONU-specific
packet

End-user 1

End-user 2
Packet in IEEE 802.3 format
with viable length

End-user 3

EPON: OLT and ONU

OLT

ONU

Generate timing message used as

ONU synchronize with OLT

system reference time

Assign bandwidth using MPCP
frame
Ranging
Control ONU registration

through timing message

ONU waiting for (gate
ONU perform discovery operation
ONU waiting for authorization to
send data

GPON System Architecture

PON Protection
Trunk only protection

Full protection

Lower reliability and lower cost

higher reliability and higher cost

Suitable for high-end

residential users and small
business users

Suitable for high-end business

users

FTTH Product Categories

Equipments

P2P Ethernet / P2P SDH

APON

EPON

GPON

WDMPON

Components

Active modules (duplex, triplex transceiver, etc)

Passive devices (Splitter, Filter, etc.)

Cable

backbone cable, access cable, drop cable, in-door cable

Accessories

All kinds of accessories for deployment, installation and

maintenance

Agenda

Background of FTTH

FTTH Status and Forecast

FTTH Technology Basics

FTTH in China

Huge Traffic Growth

Since 1990, the capacity of China PSTN has

increased from 12M lines to more than 610M lines
(July. 2004) ,The telephone penetration has increased
from 1.1% to 45%

New installed wireline was 36M in the first half of

2004, which is approx. 50% of total new installed
wireline world wide

New installed ADSL sub. was 7M in the first half of

2004, which is approx. 45% of total new installed
ADSL sub. world wide

International B/W Trends

140000
120000

Mb/s
126G
IP/PSTN = 32

100000
80000

Internet

60000
40000
20000

Leased line

PSTN

0
2000

2001

2002

2003

2004.9

China Domestic
Backbone IP Traffic Growth
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0

18263

Tbyte/m
260 increase per year !

7193
2174
364
2000.5

2001.5

2002.5

2003.5

Current BB Access Situation

By June 2004, China has 87M Internet users

9.4% increase over year end of 2003

28% increase over mid 2003
6.7% of the population

31.1M broadband users

79% increase over year end of 2003

217% increase over mid 2003

By June 2005, the number of Chinas Internet users is

103M

Bear Sterns forecasts 144M BB subs by 2007

ADSL is the dominating technology

SOHO and Residence Environ.

Cities and towns

density

wealthy

distance

B/w

Small
business

high

high

close-far

high

8%

Luxury
district

medium

high

mediumfar

high

5%

MDU

high

medium

closemedium

medium
-high

72%

Remote
residence

low

low

far

low

15%

Chinas FTTH Roadmap

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Research and
development

Testing and field trial

Commercial deployment
and operation

Phase1Testing

Phase3Small Scale
Deployment

Equipment maturity
and availability

Operation and
maintenance

Phase2Field Trial
Deployment and
business model

2003.11

2004.6

2004.12

2005.9

2006.6

2007

Current Situation (1/3)

FTTH is well accepted as a future-proof access solution

Government considering FTTH a huge market

Governments FTTH program: eleventh 5 year plan

Local government considering local regulations to promote FTTH

Applications

However, people hold different opinions as for when large scale

FTTH deployment starts

No single killer application so far

HDTV viewed as killer application but not widely used yet
Gaming, IPTV, digital home, etc. together may make killer
applications

FTTH products are mature

Many equipment vendors and cable/fiber providers

EPON and point-to-point FTTH is commercially available
Ethernet based WPON and GPON are under development
Various out-door and in-door FTTH fiber and cable are available

Current Situation (2/3)

FTTH integrated with home network

Carriers attitude are generally positive

Founded in 2004 by Fiber-on-Line to promote FTTH research,

development and deployment

Standardization

China Telecom formed an FTTH special leading group and

deployed the first commercial FTTH in Wuhan
China Netcom complete country-wide FTTH testing and a
number of deployments
China Mobile is considering FTTH for its wire-line access

FTTH forum

ONT functionality extension into home gateway

By China Communication Standard Association

Also by local governments: Wuhan and Hangzhu

Major issues

High cost in comparison with ADSL which dominates todays

access market
Lack of applications

Current Situation (3/3)

Some deployments and certain deployment experience

Countrywide FTTH field trials and commercial deployments

More than 20 FTTH field trials and commercial deployments in

Wuhan, Beijing, Chengdu, Hangzhu, Shanghai, Guangzhu, etc.
The biggest has about 2000 subs
More FTTH deployments planned

The first FTTH in commercial operation by major carriers

Good equipment installation experience but few cabling and

wiring experience

Zisong residential district FTTH with 420 subs by Wuhan

Telecom and operation starting in Jan 2005
IP telephone, POTS phone, Internet, CATV, FAX, IPTV
1:32 GEPON with triplex WDM

A big district in Wuhan plan to use FTTH/O

An area of about 7 square km with population of 160,000

Including residential building and CBD
All FTTH and FTTO for access

Major Players
Vendors

Service providers

Equipment

Fiberhome (EPON, GPON)

UTStarcom (EPON)

Greenwill (EPON)

Fohope Networks (WPON)

ZTE (EPON)

Telecos

China Telecom

China Netcom

China Mobile

China Unicom

Fiber/Cable

Fiberhome

Changfei

Hengtong

Devices and Module

WTD

Fiberxon

Accelink

Residential service providers

Tailong

Technology Choices (1/2)

Service requirements

Two major FTTH architectures

P2P and PON

P2P is good for

Multiple-play: voice, Internet access, CATV, IPTV, leased line

Three types of subs: home, small-medium business, large
corporation

Enough CO space
Subs are sparsely located and their distances to CO are quite
different
High scalability requirements in # of users and b/w

PON good for

Limited CO space
Subs are closely located and their distances to CO similar
Low scalability in # of users and b/w

Technology Choices (2/2)

EPON will dominate FTTH market

GPON will be mainly used for FTTO

For high-density medium size corporations

POTS, Internet, IPTV, VOIP, small # of leased lines
Make the best use of exiting network resource

Point-point SDH

For high-density home and small office

POTS, Internet, CATV, IPTV, VOIP
Easy to evolve to NGN

For big corporations and sparsely located medium size corporations

Large number of leased lines (ATM, FR, TDM), voice and Internet

Point-point Ethernet

For sparsely located home and small business which does not
need lot of leased line services

EPON or GPON?

Optical level
No big difference

Cost

Conclusion
EPON and GPON suitable for
different environments

EPON is cheaper

Encapsulation efficiency
Commonly accepted: EPONs efficiency is less than 50
GPONs great than 90
It all depends on what service: Ethernet? TDM?
In reality, almost all the IP services carried over Ethernet

Support for TDM

Both EPON and GPON support TDM
GPON is more efficient for large number of E1/T1

Maturity
EPON is more mature

Fiberhomes Total Solution

Policy Server

SS7

Media Server

Application Server

IN

Billing Server

SS7

PSTN

FHX 5000
SGW

SGW

NodeB

FHX 8000

MSC-S/VLR
RNC

Softswitch

NodeB

3G Core Network
Circuit Domain
MGW
HLR

NodeB
MAISP8000
Converge
Router

NodeB
RNC

SGSN

Node
B

GGSN

3G Core Network
Packet Domain

Fiberhome
Force10 Core
Router

R4000 Series
Convergence
Router

PSTN

Broadband
AN3000 Series
IAS Remote
Narrowband
d
AN3000 Series
rater
g
e
t
In eare
B o rm
IAS at CO
f
Plat
FHX 3000
BP5000 EPON
MGW
BP5000 EPON
ONT
ODN
OLT
1:64
R3000 Series
Edge Router

AN2000 Series
DSLAM

VDSL2
S3000 Series
Layer 3 Switch

Edge access

PDA

BWA end
user
WLAN
AP
Mobile
Data

S2000 Series
Layer 2 Switch
FHX 1000 Series
IAD

NodeB

Broadband
Wireless
Access

ADSL
ADSL2+

BWA
at CO

IBAS 100 edge

optical network
products

MSTP
Citrans Series
MSTP
Products
Metro DWDM

Citrans 830
Series CWDM

Citrans 850
Series Metro
DWDM

MSTP

ASON
FonsWeaver 640
FONST
W1600
Long Haul
DWDM

Citrans Series
MSTP
Products

Edge Access

IBAS 100 Edge

Optical Network
Products

Metro DWDM

Citrans 850
series Metro
DWDM

Citrans
830Series
CWDM

Enterprise
Customers

Government
Customers

Fiberhomes FTTH Solution

Started PON products development in 1995

Industry Leader in supporting Integrated services

P2P Ethernet, EPON and GPON

Single fiber with triple wavelength, true triple-play

Smooth evolution to NGN/softswitching

High GEPON interface density

Complete accessories

Equipmentcarrier grade GEPON system with advanced OAMGE

backplane (48G), 1:32 splitter, 1024 ONU on single chassis
Componentsall active (transceiver and CATV module) and passive (splitter,
wavelength multiplexers) components for GEPON
Cableall kinds of cables for FTTH and installation solutions
Accessoriesall kinds of accessories for FTTH

Current Focus: FTTH and FTTO

KM

CATV, DTV

Evolution to Soft-switching
MGC
FHX8000
Metro Network

H.248
GE

.
.
.

Integrated MG

H323

ANM2000

H323Gatekeeper
FHX3000

V.5/PRI
PSTN

To interwork with PSTN through open V5 and/or

PRI and make the best use of existing networks
Control module supports H.323 and H.248, flexible
for both H.323 VOIP network and future softswitch
network

Integrated Access capability

FTTH to Home Network

Single fiber to house, true triple-play
Communication, entertainment and
monitoring together
Smooth evolutionONUhome gateway
High density ADSL2+/VDSL/FTTP equipment
e-Fim ANM2000

Data100M/family

PSTN
ODN
V5

VoicePOTS and VOIP

VideoCATV and IPTV

CATV

Leased lineTDM and VLAN

With WLAN integrated

BP5005

GE

Metro IP

ODN

FTTH Cables

Backbone Cable
Access Cable
Drop Cable
Indoor Cable

Deployment Model

By telecos and CATV providers

Same as that for the existing BB access networks
Invest once and profit in a long term

By telecos, CATV providers and house builders

House builders responsible for deployment, deployment
cost counts into into house price
Telecos and CATV responsible for operation and
maintenance
Multiple parties share the profit

By residential service providers (RSP)

RSP responsible for network operation and maintenance
Telecos responsible for providing exit port and b/w
Services provided by multiple-parties

Operation Model

By telecos and CATV providers

Enough operation experience
No interworking and inter-billing problem
Hard for triple-play

By residential service providers

Easy for integrated planning and deployment of the overall
information platform
Evolution to NGN
Encourage competition
Network resource sharing
Tailong model in Chengdu is the first attempt

Zisong FTTH in Wuhan

The first FTTH network in commercial operation by service providers
FTTH deployment for existing dwelling building with 420 subs
The total FTTH solution from Fiberhome, including 1:32 triplex GEPON equipment,

splitter, all the kinds of cable and all accessories

Cabinet

CO

PC

Phone

Zisong FTTH Deployment Field

Cabinet with splitter inside

Cabinet in the building

Insider of the Cabinet

End unit (ONU)

Leading cable

Insider of the ONU

Beijing CNC FTTH Project

Lab FTTH

4 large scale

network

technology discussion

5 vendors

and 5 vendors selected

EPON

for testing

equipment
testing

demonstration
First
commercial
deployment

The five vendors are Fiberhome, Utstarcom, ZTE, Huawei, and Gaohong

FTTH Cost

CAPEX

Operation
Maintenance

Equipment
60%

Construction
21%
Engineering
design
4%

Fiber
3%

DN Components
12%

Upgrade

Equipment Price Trend

EPON equipment price for triple-play per line
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

EPON Equipment Price (/sub)

>100000 line

< 5000 line

Services
2005

2006

2008

2005

2006

2008

1590

1350

900

1200

1000

600

Internet +
voice

1950

1500

1000

1430

1100

750

Triple play

4400

3080

1800

3000

2100

1400

Internet
only

FTTH CAPEX (/sub)

< 5000 line

Services

2005

2006

2008

Total

Total

Total

Internet Only

1590

1500

3090

1350

1100

2450

900

700

1600

Internet +
voice

1950

1700

3650

1500

1300

2800

1000

800

1800

Triple-play

4400

2000

6400

3080

1500

4580

1800

900

2700

> 100,000 line

2005

Services

2006

Total

Internet only

1200

1000

2200

Internet +
voice

1430

1250

Triple-play

3000

1500

2008

Total

Total

1000

700

1700

600

400

1000

2680

1100

900

2000

750

500

1250

4500

2100

1100

3200

1400

700

2100

FTTO Case Study

Item /Penetration
1

# of FTTO subs5100 in total

Year 1
35
1,785

Year 2
50
2,550

Year 3
60
3,060

OLT800/line4000 line

3,200

ONU1000/each

1,785

765

510

FTTP Cable800/each

4,080

CAPEX in Total

9,065

9,830

10,340

Monthly fee (198/sub

4,241.2

6,058.8

7,270.6

Installation fee1800/sub

3,213

1,377

918

Revenue in total

7,454.2

14,890

23,078.6

Operation fee4% of CAPEX

362.6

393.2

423.6

10

Sale and other fee20 of revenue

1,490.8

2,978

4,615.7

11

Real revenue

5,600.8

11,518

18,039.3

(in 1K Chinese Yuan)

Challenges

No killer applications

FTTH still too expensive than existing technologies

No large scale commercial FTTH deployments

Few commercial FTTH in operation but little operation experience

Competing technologies meet current requirements

ADSL equipment: 400-500/user

FTTH equipment: 1600(Internet), 2000 (voice + Internet), 4000 (triple play)
FTTH cable: 1500(Internet), 1700 (voice + Internet), 2000 (triple play)

No deployment and operation experience

Most applications low b/w : Email, web surfing, web gaming

Telecos not allowed to run broadcast TV
People not used to pay for TV

ADSL/2/2+, LAN, MMDS/LMDS, HFC, WLAN, WiMAX, BPL

Profit model not clear

Regulation discouraging for FTTH deployment

Residential service providers

CATV rights

Opportunities

New applications emerging

FTTH cost keeping dropping

FTTH cost keeps dropping dramatically

FTTH cost/bandwidth is much lower than other technologies
For FTTO, cost is not the most important factor

Deployment planned

Country-wide digital TV plan

IPTV become very hot
HDTV starts enter into market
P2P and gaming exhaust bandwidth
None of the existing technologies can provide 60Mb/w per family

More than 20 FTTH deployments are on-going with the largest of 2000 subs
A large residential FTTH in Wuhan with more than 16000 residents
China Netcom considering FTTO for Beijing CBD
2008 Beijing Olympics prefers FTTDesk and FTTH
Experience and encouragement from Japan and US

Encouraging regulations are under governments consideration

FTTH deployment bundled with real estate

Separation of TV network and TV program is under consideration
The Telecommunication Law will further encourage competition

Summary

FTTH is accepted as a future-proof solution

FTTH has seen rapid growth in some developed
countries
Both P2P and PON have their favorable
deployment environments
APON is widely deployed in US, but will be out
EPON and GPON will dominate FTTH and FTTO
respectively
Chinas FTTH market is huge and is approaching
massive FTTH deployment

Thank You