Acas

Morfologie

Vocabularistil

Resurse

Decalogullimbiiengleze

Contact

TESTE

Ubuntu

GRAMATICAENGLEZAPESCURT

Cutare

cutare

EXPLICATIISIMPLEDESPREGRAMATICALIMBIIENGLEZE
ACASMORFOLOGIESUBSTANTIVULPLURALULSUBSTANTIVELOR

Pluralulsubstantivelor
Pluralulsubstantiveloresteoproblemadestuldecomplicata,dardupaunstudiuatentsisustinut,poatefistapanitlaperfectie.
REGULAGENERALA:PLURALULSUBSTANTIVELORSEFORMEAZAPRINADAUGAREAUNUISLAFORMADESINGULAR:BOOKBOOKS,
CARCARS.
OBSERVATIIPRIVINDPRONUNTIA:
1.Sseciteste[s]dupaconsoanelesurde[p],[t],[k],[f],[]:drops,hats,locks,roofs,months.
2.Sseciteste[z]dupaconsoanelesonoresidupavocale:boys,realms,cars,pencils
3.Sseciteste[iz]dupasunetele[s],[z],[]:househouses,roseroses,lodgelodges
EXCEPTIIDELAREGULAGENERALA:
1. la substantivele terminate in s, z, sh, ch (pronuntat [t]) se adauga es[iz]: busbuses, foxfoxes, buzzbuzzes, watchwatches. Daca ch se
pronunta[k]sau[h],seadaugadoars:CzechCzechs,epochepochs
2.lasubstantiveleterminateinconsoanasiy,ydevineieinaintedes:citycities,babybabies.Celeterminateinvocalasiyurmeazaregula
generala:playplays
3.unelesubstantivetermnateinfsifeformeazapluralulinves:leafleaves,shelfshelves,calfcalves,halfhalves,wolfwolves,wifewives,
knifeknives,lifelives
Exceptii:chiefchiefs,cliffcliffs,handkerchiefhandkerchiefs,roofroofs,proofproofs,dwarfdwarfs
Unele dintre aceste substantive au forme duble de plural: dwarf dwarfs/dwarves, hoof hoofs/hooves, handkerchief
handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,scarfscarfs/scarves,wharfwharfs/wharves
4. substantivele terminate in consoana si o, primes es la plural daca sunt mai demult introduse in limba engleza: cargo cargoes, hero heroes,
potatopotatoes,tornadotornadoes,volcanovolcanoes.
5.Catevasubstantiveauaceeasiformasilasingularsilaplural:barracks,means,headquarters,series,sheep,fish.Sheepsifishau si formele de
pluralsheepssifishes,cazincareinseamnavarietatide/speciideoi/peste.
Dacasubstantivelesuntmairecentintroduseinlimbaenglezamaialesdinlimbaitaliana,saudacainaintedeoesteovocala,pluralulseformeaza
duparegulagenerala:foliofolios,radioradios,tabootaboos,cuckoocuckoos.
Datoritaacestordiferente,recomandamconsultareaunuidictionarpentrustabilireacorectaapluralului(vezisectiuneResurse).

PLURALULSUBSTANTIVELORCOMPUSE
Caoregulageneralaneoficiala,marcapluraluluilasubstantivelecompuseseadaugadoaraceleipartidinsubstantivcareesteflexibila.Vaprezentam
maijosreguliledeformareapluraluluisubstantivelorcompuse:
1.lasubstantivelecaresescriuintrunsingurcuvant,pluralulseformeazainconformitatecuregulageneralasaucuceledelapluralul neregulat
(vezimaijos):schooboyschoolboys,tennismantennismen,businesswomanbusinesswomen
2.dacasubstantivulesteformatdinmaimultecuvinte,cuvantuldebaza(delacarepleacaintreagasintagma)primestepluralul:fatherinlawfathers
inlaw,racehorseracehorses,washingmachinewashingmachines.
3.lasubstantivelecareauprimapartemansauwomansiincaunsubstantiv,ambelepartiprimescmarcadeplural:manservantmenservants.
4.dacasubstantivulestecompusdoardinpartidevorbireneflexibile,seadaugaunslasfarsitulacestuia:forgetmenotforgetmenots

PLURALULSUBSTANTIVELORSTRINE
Inceeaceprivestepluralulsubstantivelorstrainedinlimbaengleza,seintalnescdouasituatii:
1.Existadoaroformadeplural,aceeaimprumutatadinlimbadeorigine
2.existadouaformeparaleledeplural,unaimprumutatadinlimbadeorigine(sifolositainlimbajultehnicsispecializat)siunaformataduparegulile
pluraluluienglezesc(sifolositainvorbireacurenta)

Intabeluldemaijosvaprezentamacesteformedeplural,indicandundeestecazulceledouaforme:

PLURALELATINESIITALIENE
PLURALULSUBSTANTIVELORSTRAINE
SINGULAR

PLURALSTRAIN

PLURALENGLEZESC

alga

algae

bacillus

bacilli

addendum

addenda

bacterium

bacteria

agendum

agenda

desideratum

desiderata

datum

data

erratum

errata

libra

librae

papyrus

papiry

symposium

symposia

radius

radii

vortex

vortices

matrix

matrices

larva

larvae

stratum

strata

codex

codices

antenna

antennae

antennas

formula

formulae

formuas

vertebra

vertebrae

vertebras

fungus

fungi

funguses

hippopotamus

hippopotami

hippopotamuses

maximum

maxima

maximums

aquarium

aquaria

aquariums

medium

media

mediums

banditto

banditti

bandits

tempo

tempi

tempos

diploma

diplomas

focus

foci

focuses

nucleus

nuclei

nucleuses

cactus

cacti

cactuses

mausoleum

mausolea

mausoleums

referendum

referenda

referendums

index

indices

indexes

solo

soli

solos

curriculum

curricula

curriculums

syllabus

syllabi

syllabuses

arena

arenae

arenas

lacuna

lacunae

lacunas

PLURALEGRECESTI
SINGULAR

PLURALSTRAIN

antithesis

antitheses

axis

axes

PLURALENGLEZESC

crisis

crises

paranthesis

parantheses

diagnosis

diagnoses

oasis

oases

ellipsis

ellipses

hypothesis

hypotheses

analysis

analyses

basis

bases

phenomenon

phenomena

emphasis

emphases

automaton

automata

automatons

necropolis

necropolises

Acesteasuntcelemaidesintalnitesubstantivecupluralstraindinlimbaengleza.Pentruproblemeledepronuntievasugeramsaconsultatiundictionar
allimbiiengleze(prezentateinsectiuneaResurse).

SUBSTANTIVECUPLURALNEREGULAT
Opartedintresubstantivelelimbiienglezenurespectaregulilegeneraledindiversemotive.Acestesubstantivesunt:
SINGULARPLURAL

SENSLASINGULAR

man

men

om,brbat

woman

women femeie

mouse

mice

oarece

louse

lice

pduche

goose

geese

gsc

ox

oxen

bou

foot

feet

picior

tooth

teeth

dinte

child

children copil

brother

brethern

frate(pluralulbrethernsefolosetedoarcndvorbimdesprefraidinaceeaisect/cultreligios/grup,etc.decinucndestevorbaderelaiidefamilie,caz
ncaresefolosetreformabrothers)

DIFERENENTRESINGULARIPLURAL
Unelesubstantivelapluralaudouasensuri:unulobisnuit,inrelatiecusingularul,siunuldiferitfatadesingular.Acestesubstantivesunt:
SINGULAR

PLURALSENSOBISNUIT

advice
air

PLURALSENSDIFERIT
advicesinformatii,stiri,avize

airsaere

airsaere(figurat)

ash

ashescenusa

barrack

barrackscazarma

bearingpurtare,conduita

bearingspurtari,conduite

bracepereche

bearingsdirectie,pozitie
bracesbretelept.pantaloni

breechchiulasalaarma

breecheschiulase

breechespantaloni(pnlagenunchi)

character1.caracter2.personajliterar

characterscaractere,personaje

characterslitere(semnegrafice)

colour

coloursculori

coloursdrapel

compassbusola

compassesbusole

compassescompas

customobicei

customsobiceiuri

customsvam

clothstof,material

clothsstofe,materiale

clotheshaine

damageavarie,defectiune

damagesavarii,defectiuni

damagesdespgubiri

draughtcurentdeaer

draughtscurenideaer

draughtsjoculdedame(cuverbullasingular)

effectefect

effectsefecte

effectsefecte,bunuri,mbrcminte

glasspahar,sticl

glassespahare

glasses1.ochelari2.binoclu

groundmotiv,cauz

groundscauze,motive

grounds1.teren(maialesnjuruluneicldiri)2.zadecafea

letterliter.scrisoare

letterslitere,scrisori

lettersliteratur

mannermod,manier

mannersmoduri

mannersmaniere,purtare

moralmoral(auneifabule,etc.)

moralsmorale

moralsmoravuri,moralitate

pain

painsdureri

painsosteneal,efort

paperhrtie

papershrtii

papersdocumente,acte

quartersfert

quarterssferturi

quarters1.locuin2.cantonament

scale1.solz2.gammuzical

scales1.solzi2.gamemuzicale

scalescntar,balan

scrapbucic,fragment

scrapsbucele

scrapsresturi,deeuri

spectaclespectacol

spectaclesspectacole

spectaclesochelari

sandnisip

sandsnispuri

sandsplaj

woodlemn,pdure

woodslemne

woodspdure

workmunc

worksmunci

worksmecanism,mainrie

premisepremiz

premisespremize

premiseslocuin,incint

pointpunct

pointspuncte

pointsmacaz

contentconinut

contentsconinuturi,componente

contentscuprins

SUBSTANTIVECOLECTIVE
Oseriedesubstantive,desiauformadesingular,exprimaadeseaideeadeplural.Acestesubstantivesenumescsubstantivecolective. family,
crew,team,government,police,audience,etc.Elesefolosesccuverbullasingularcandseaccentueazanotiuneainsine,cauntotunitar,sicu
verbullapluralcandseaccentueazaelementeleconstitutive:
Familyisanimportantelementofoursociety.
Myfamilyareathomerightnow.
Uneledintreacestesubstantivesefolosescdoarcuverbullaplural:people(cusensuldeoameni,lume),folk,cattle,vermin,poultry.
Verminareveryfrequentaroundthistimeofyear.

SUBSTANTIVENUMARABILESINENUMARABILE
Dinpunctdevederealnumarului,substantivelelimbiienglezepotfinumrabile(sepotnumra)inenumrabile(nusepotnumra).Problememai
deosebitesuntlaceadeadouacategorie,undesuntincluseurmtoarelesubstantive:
1.substantivecaredenumescmaterii,substane,materiale:copper,steel,clay,sand,glass,etc..ATENTIE!Laplural,acestesubstantiveausensulde
varietide:steelsvarieti/tipurideoel
2.unelesubstantivenumedealimenteibuturi:milk,oil,bread,butter
3.abstraciuni:hope,courage,impatience
4.numedelimbi:English,German,Dutch
5.unelenumedeobiecte:furniture,luggage,news.
Pentrumaimultedetaliivezimaijos.
Substantivelenumaicuformadesingular(defectivedeplural)seimpartinmaimultecategorii:SEFOLOSESCCUVERBULLASINGULAR!!
1. substantive nenumarabile concrete: bread, butter, chalk, food, fruit, money, luggage, furniture, meat, sand, rice, etc. nume de materii,
substante,materiale
2.substantivenenumarabileabstracte:luck,nonsense,advice,information,news,homework,knowledge,
NOTA:Pentruaputeatotusinumarasiacestesubstantivesefolosescasanumitelequantifiers:apieceof,asliceof,etc.
Substantivelecareaudoarformadeplural(defectivedesingular)seimartinurmatoarelecategorii:
1.numedestiinte,obiectedestudiu,etc.terminateinics:mathematics,physics,ethics,athletics,gymnasticsacordulsefacecuverbullasingular
2.boli:measles,mumps,hysterics,blues,measlessimumpssefolosesccuverbullasingular
3.obiectecompusedindouaparti(summationplurals):folositecuverbullaplural
obiectedeimbracaminte:trousers,braces,jeans,pants,overalls,shorts,pyjamas
unelte:binoculars,glasses,compasses,pincers,pliers,scissors,tongs

Urmrete

 Urmrete
Acesteobiecteformatedindouapartisenumaracuapairof:apairoftrousers,apairofpliers,etc.

Follow

4.partialecorpului:loins,vitals,genitalsfolositecuverbullaplural
Gramatica

engleza pe scurt
5.unelenumedejocuri:billiards,darts,skittles,bowlsfolositecuverbullasingular
Fiecare nou articol s fie livrat
6.altesubstantive:outskirts,arms,grounds,remains,stairs,troops,tropics,archives,ashes,pains,spirits.folositecuverbullaplural
pe email.
Introduadresatadeemail
Sharethis:

Twitter

Email

Facebook

Google

signmeup

Construiete un sit web cu

WordPress.com

Apreciaz
2bloggerslikethis.

4comentarii
lavinia

RSPUNDE

IANUARIE30,2013LA14:18

AtentieadvicenuarepluralasevedeapeyoutubeEnglishnouns

Administrator

RSPUNDE

IANUARIE30,2013LA16:07

Da,aidreptatentrunfel,lapluraladvicesnseamndoarinformaii,tiri,avize.(cf.LeonLeonLevichi)

constantinpopa

RSPUNDE

NOIEMBRIE23,2014LA18:02

NuvadcumseaccentueazaelementeleconstitutivealefamilieiinenuntulMyfamilyareathomerightnow.Texteledepeinternetdovedesccu
prisosintacumsubstantivecafamily,team,crew,squadsialtedeacestcuintelescolectivreclamaunverblapluralincazulenglezeibritanicesi
unullasingularincazulenglezeiamericane.Andthatshouldbeallthereistoit.

VladPaval

RSPUNDE

NOIEMBRIE24,2014LA18:53

Myfamily(myfather,mymother,mysisterandmybrother)areathomerightnow.fatadeMyfamilyislarge.
Texteledepeinternetnutrebuieluateintotdeaunacaliteradelege.Varecomandsaapelatilaautoriconsacaratiindomeniu.
(exempluldatdemineefoarteasemanatorcuceledatedeprof.LevitchiinGramaticaLimbiiEngleze)
Iarenglezaamericanaecunoscutacafiindmaiputinstrictainregulifatadeceabritanica(vezisicazulsubjonctivului,PresentPerfect
Simple,etc.).

Lasunrspuns
Introducomentariultuaici...

Traduceri

Traduceri

Ubuntu

Ubuntu

131,192vizite

BloglaWordPress.com./TemaAcademica.
META

nregistrare
Autentificare
FluxRSSpentruarticole
FluxRSScomentarii
BloglaWordPress.com.