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Microbial Genetics
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.02 Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.03 Diagram a segment of DNA, labeling all important chemical groups within the molecule.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
6. A _____ is a specific segment of DNA that codes for the production of one functional
product.
A. intron
B. exon
C. gene
D. operator
E. triplet
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.02 Differentiate between genotype and phenotype.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.03 Diagram a segment of DNA, labeling all important chemical groups within the molecule.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.07 Identify important structural and functional differences between RNA and DNA.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.03 Diagram a segment of DNA, labeling all important chemical groups within the molecule.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.03 Diagram a segment of DNA, labeling all important chemical groups within the molecule.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.03 Diagram a segment of DNA, labeling all important chemical groups within the molecule.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.03 Diagram a segment of DNA, labeling all important chemical groups within the molecule.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Learning Outcome: 09.06 Explain how the classical view of the "central dogma" has been changed by modern science.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
16. During replication, each parent DNA strand serves as a _____ for synthesis of new DNA
strands.
A. copy point
B. template
C. comparison molecule
D. scaffold
E. reservoir
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
19. Okazaki fragments are attached to the growing end of the lagging strand by
A. DNA ligase.
B. DNA polymerase.
C. DNA helicase.
D. DNA gyrase.
E. primase.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.05 Compare and contrast the synthesis of leading and lagging strands during DNA replication.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
20. The enzyme that helps pack DNA into the cell by coiling the DNA into a tight bundle is
A. DNA ligase.
B. DNA polymerase.
C. DNA helicase.
D. DNA gyrase.
E. primase.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
21. The enzyme that can proofread replicating DNA, detect incorrect bases, excise them, and
correctly replace them is
A. DNA ligase.
B. DNA polymerase.
C. DNA helicase.
D. DNA gyrase.
E. primase.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
22. The site where the old DNA strands separate and new DNA strands will be synthesized is
called the
A. primer.
B. Okazaki fragment.
C. template.
D. rolling circle.
E. replication fork.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
24. Helicase
A. unwinds DNA.
B. supercoils DNA.
C. unwinds RNA.
D. winds RNA.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
30. Groups of three consecutive bases along the DNA of a gene have the code for one
A. protein.
B. nucleotide.
C. amino acid.
D. purine.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.07 Identify important structural and functional differences between RNA and DNA.
Learning Outcome: 09.10 Define the terms codon and anticodon and list the four known start and stop codons.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
31. The three-base sequence on DNA that codes for an amino acid is called a/n
A. codon.
B. exon.
C. anticodon.
D. intron.
E. triplet.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Learning Outcome: 09.07 Identify important structural and functional differences between RNA and DNA.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
32. The RNA molecules that carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein synthesis are
called
A. ribosomal RNA.
B. messenger RNA.
C. transfer RNA.
D. primer RNA.
E. ribozymes.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.09 List the three types of RNA directly involved in translation.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.09 List the three types of RNA directly involved in translation.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
34. RNA molecules differ from DNA molecules because only RNA
A. has ribose.
B. has uracil.
C. is typically one strand of nucleotides.
D. does not have thymine.
E. All of the choices are correct.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.07 Identify important structural and functional differences between RNA and DNA.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.06 Explain how the classical view of the "central dogma" has been changed by modern science.
Learning Outcome: 09.07 Identify important structural and functional differences between RNA and DNA.
Learning Outcome: 09.09 List the three types of RNA directly involved in translation.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
37. The nontranscribed region of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds to initiate
transcription is called the
A. promoter.
B. operator.
C. operon.
D. exon.
E. intron.
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Learning Outcome: 09.11 Identify the locations of the promoter, the start codon, and the A and P sites during translation.
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Section Number: 09.02
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Learning Outcome: 09.11 Identify the locations of the promoter, the start codon, and the A and P sites during translation.
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Topic: Gene Regulation
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.09 List the three types of RNA directly involved in translation.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.10 Define the terms codon and anticodon and list the four known start and stop codons.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Learning Outcome: 09.09 List the three types of RNA directly involved in translation.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.10 Define the terms codon and anticodon and list the four known start and stop codons.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.12 Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in bacteria and archaea.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
44. A sequence of bases within a gene that does not code for protein is called a/n
A. promoter.
B. operator.
C. operon.
D. exon.
E. intron.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.12 Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in bacteria and archaea.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
47. The operon segment composed of the gene that codes for a protein repressor is called the
A. operator.
B. structural locus.
C. regulator.
D. promoter.
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
52. Gene regulation can involve a protein repressor that blocks _____ from initiating
transcription.
A. DNA polymerase I
B. DNA polymerase III
C. RNA polymerase
D. mRNA
E. rRNA
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
53. Repressible operons require that _____ binds to the repressor protein before it can bind to
the operator.
A. the product
B. a cofactor
C. a coenzyme
D. the substrate
E. the reactant
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.13 Explain the relationship between genomics and proteomics.
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
54. A mutation that changes a normal codon to a stop codon is called a ___ mutation.
A. point
B. silent
C. back
D. missense
E. nonsense
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
56. If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of
mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATA ETH EBI GRA T?
A. missense
B. nonsense
C. insertion
D. deletion
E. silent
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
57. If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of
mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE THE BAG RAT?
A. point
B. nonsense
C. insertion
D. deletion
E. silent
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
58. If the wild type DNA sequence reads THE CAT ATE THE BIG RAT, what type of
mutation would change the sequence to THE CAT ATE (stop)?
A. missense
B. nonsense
C. insertion
D. deletion
E. silent
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
60. What type of mutation alters the base but not the amino acid being coded for?
A. silent
B. back
C. point
D. nonsense
E. missense
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
61. A screening system called the _____ test is used for detecting chemicals with
carcinogenic potential.
A. Koch
B. Ames
C. mutation
D. cancer
E. Iowa
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
62. The process in which mutations are removed and the correct bases added is called
A. transduction.
B. excision repair.
C. frameshift.
D. back-mutation.
E. transformation.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.17 Explain the defining characteristics of a recombinant organism.
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
F- cell
Hfr cell
R cell
B cell
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.17 Explain the defining characteristics of a recombinant organism.
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
68. The transfer of DNA fragments from a dead cell to a live, competent recipient cell that
results in a changed recipient cell is termed
A. transduction.
B. conjugation.
C. transformation.
D. transmission.
E. mitosis.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
69. The development of virulent, toxin-producing bacterial strains due to the presence of a
temperate phage can occur through the process of:
A. bacterial conjugation.
B. transformation.
C. generalized transduction.
D. specialized transduction.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
70. A bacteriophage transfers a random fragment of DNA of the previous host to the current
host. This is an example of
A. conjugation.
B. generalized transduction.
C. specialized transduction.
D. creation of an Hfr cell.
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
73. Which of the following additions have been made to principles of the central dogma of
biology?
A. DNA information cannot be converted into RNA information.
B. Protein information can be converted into DNA information.
C. RNA can be used to regulate gene function.
D. DNA codes for proteins.
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.06 Explain how the classical view of the "central dogma" has been changed by modern science.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.16 List several antibiotic drugs and their targets within transcription and translation machinery.
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.01 Define the terms genome and gene.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: Nucleic Acid Structure/Function
77. DNA polymerase can only add new nucleotides to the 3' DNA end of the template.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
78. DNA replication proceeds in one direction around the bacterial chromosome.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Section Number: 09.01
Topic: DNA Replication
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.10 Define the terms codon and anticodon and list the four known start and stop codons.
Learning Outcome: 09.12 Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in bacteria and archaea.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Section Number: 09.02
Topic: Protein Synthesis
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.03
Topic: Gene Regulation
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 09.14 Define the term operon and explain advantages it provides to a bacterial cell.
Learning Outcome: 09.15 Differentiate between repressible and inducible operons and provide an example of each.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Gene Regulation
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.05 Cell genomes can be manipulated to alter cell function.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
86. DNA photolyase, in the presence of visible light, can repair DNA damage due to
ultraviolet radiation.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
88. An unidentified cell was found to contain introns and exons, to express DNA polymerase
and RNA polymerase. Although it exhibits a promoter region it has no operons. You
conclude that this cell:
A. is eukaryotic.
B. is prokaryotic.
C. is either a prokaryotic or eukaryotic cell.
D. is actually a virus.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 09.04 Summarize the steps of bacterial DNA replication and the enzymes used in this process.
Learning Outcome: 09.08 Illustrate the steps of transcription, noting the key elements and the direction of mRNA synthesis.
Learning Outcome: 09.12 Indicate how eukaryotic transcription and translation differ from these processes in bacteria and archaea.
Section Number: 09.01
Section Number: 09.02
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: DNA Replication
Topic: Gene Regulation
Topic: Protein Synthesis
89. Looking at your results of the Ames test, using bacteriological agar medium plates
lacking the amino acid histidine, you find that there are many colonies growing on the agar.
Your interpretation of this result is:
A. the bacterium has turned its operon genes on, producing proteins necessary for growth.
B. the chemical being tested is mutagenic.
C. the bacterium does not have any plasmids, so it cannot grow on the medium.
D. the drug being tested has no inhibitory effect on the bacterium, therefore it is not a good
antibiotic to give for treatment of disease.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Objective: 04.03 The regulation of gene expression is influenced by external and internal molecular cues and/or signals.
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
90. A mutation has occurred during DNA replication while the cell was preparing to divide.
As a result of this, the codon ACU of mRNA has now become ACC. Interestingly, there is no
change to the protein being made. Why not?
A. This is a silent mutation.
B. The original amino acid isoleucine was changed to leucine, but they are the same variation
of amino acid so no change to the protein.
C. The mutation was fixed, and even though the codon is now ACC the correct amino acid is
put into place for the normal protein.
D. This is not a mutation that causes a big change, so there is no change to the protein being
made.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 09.19 Define the term mutation and discuss one positive and one negative example of it in microorganisms.
Learning Outcome: 09.20 Differentiate among frameshift, nonsense, silent, and missense mutations.
Section Number: 09.05
Topic: Mutations
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria
92. You have taken E. coli strain A, which has its own plasmids, and mixed it with E. coli B
strain without plasmids. E. coli B cells now have plasmids but, in addition, they also carry
some genes from E. coli A strain. What has happened is:
A. the E. coli B cells have become mutants of the original culture.
B. vertical transmission of DNA has occurred.
C. an example of transformation.
D. the cells of E. coli A were Hfr cells.
ASM Objective: 04.01 Genetic variations can impact microbial functions (e.g., in biofilm formation, pathogenicity and drug resistance).
ASM Topic: Module 04 Information Flow
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 09.18 Describe three forms of horizontal gene transfer used in bacteria.
Section Number: 09.04
Topic: Genetic Recombination in Bacteria