EE 4183 - Laboratory Practice VI

ADJUSTABLE SPEED
INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES
Semester 7

Instructed by: Dr. Chandima Pathirana

Group Members:
B.L.E.A.Balasuriya
B.A.H.Chathuranga
B.H.M.D.Jayasundara
N.R.A.C.Napagoda

110048M
110076V
110252H
110385R

Name
Index No.
Group
Field
Date of Perform
Date of Submission

: B.H.M.D.Jayasundara
: 110252H
: G-10
: Electrical Engineering
: 17/06/2015
: 06/07/2015

OBSERVATIONS
Experiment
: Adjustable Speed Induction Motor Drives
Name
: B.H.M.D.Jayasundara
Index No.
: 110252H
Group
: G-10
Date of Performance: 17/06/2015
Instructed By
: Dr. Chandima Pathirana
b) Measurements of speed control characteristics
speed-input
potentiomete
r setting
0

VS/fS (V/

Vdc (V)

VS (V)

IS (A)

WS (W)

fS (Hz)

Nr (rpm)

18

40

21

0.5

40

24.8

30

0.7

50

2.5

73.8

42

20

0.8

50

4.5

129.3

4.44444

54

40

0.9

50

6.1667

180.2

6.48645

60

44

0.7

50

7.8333

231.2

5.61705

60

48

0.6

50

10.1667

293.5

4.7213

54

40

0.5

50

13.1667

360

3.03797

99

78

0.7

100

24.5

689

3.18367

165

128

1.0

120

42

1209.4

3.04762

10

192

148

1.0

200

49

1449

3.02041

Hz)

c) Measurement of speed control characteristics with voltage control

Voltage feedback
potentiometer setting
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

VS (V)

Vdc (V)

Nr (rpm)

IS (A)

WS (W)

78
88
104
124
140
158
176
188

99
111
135
159
180
201
219
237

735.2
740.0
745.2
748.7
750.6
751.8
752.7
753.3

0.6
0.7
0.7
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6

60
60
70
70
80
90
110
120

d) Measurement of motor input waveforms

CALCULATION
b) Measurements of speed control characteristics

Motor Speed (Nr) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs) Table

fS (Hz)

Nr (rpm)

24.8

2.5

73.8

4.5

129.3

6.1667

180.2

7.8333

231.2

10.1667

293.5

13.1667

360

24.5

689

42

1209.4

49

1449

Motor Speed (Nr) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs)

1600

1400

1200

1000

Motor Speed (rpm)

800

600

400

200

10

20

30

40

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

50

60

(VS/fS) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs) Table

fS (Hz)

VS/fS (V/ Hz)

2.5

4.5

4.44444

6.1667

6.48645

7.8333

5.61705

10.1667

4.7213

13.1667

3.03797

24.5

3.18367

42

3.04762

49

3.02041

(Vs/fs) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs)

7

Vs / fs (V/Hz)
3

10

15

20

25

30

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

35

40

45

50

Motor Current (Is) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs) Table

fS (Hz)

IS (A)

0.5

2.5

0.7

4.5

0.8

6.1667

0.9

7.8333

0.7

10.1667

0.6

13.1667

0.5

24.5

0.7

42

49

Motor Current (Is) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs)

1.2

0.8

Motor Current (A) 0.6

0.4

0.2

10

15

20

25

30

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

35

40

45

50

Motor Power (Ws) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs) Table

fS (Hz)

WS (W)

40

40

2.5

50

4.5

50

6.1667

50

7.8333

50

10.1667

50

13.1667

50

24.5

100

42

120

49

200

Motor Power (Ws) vs. Inverter Frequency (fs)

250

200

150

Motor Power (W)

100

50

10

15

20

25

30

Inverter Frequency (Hz)

35

40

45

50

c) Measurement of speed control characteristics with voltage control

Motor Speed (Nr) vs. Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

VS (V)

Nr (rpm)

78

735.2

88

740.0

104

745.2

124

748.7

140

750.6

158

751.8

176

752.7

188

753.3

Motor Speed (Nr) vs. Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

755

750

745

Motor Speed (rpm)

740

735

730

725
60

80

100

120

140

Inverter Output Voltage (V)

160

180

200

Motor Current (Is) vs. Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

VS (V)

IS (A)

78

0.6

88

0.7

104

0.7

124

0.9

140

1.0

158

1.2

176

1.4

188

1.6

Motor Current (Is) vs. Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

Motor Current (A)

1

0.8

0.6

0.4
60

80

100

120

140

160

Inverter Output Voltage (V)

180

200

Motor Power (Ws) vs. Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

VS (V)

WS (W)

78

60

88

60

104

70

124

70

140

80

158

90

176

110

188

120

Motor Power (Ws) vs. Inverter Output Voltage (Vs)

130

120

110

100

Motor Power (W)

90

80

70

60

50
60

80

100

120

140

Inverter Output Voltage (V)

160

180

200

DISCUSSION
1. What is the motive for keeping V/f constant with adjustable drives?

From the above equivalent circuit, the induced stator emf (E) per phase is given by,
E = 4.44 kwNph f
From this equation a relationship between induced emf (E) , frequency (f) and air gap flux () can be
derived as,
E f
Assuming V E,
We can get a relationship as,

V
f

Magnetic flux is an important quality that determines the flow of power from the stator to the rotor shaft.
For best power transfer we must keep flux at a maximum. If frequency is decreased while keeping the
voltage at a constant, increases which results in saturation of the core and hence it will draw more
magnetic current. So it is important to keep the V/f ration constant in order to maintain maximum power
(maximum torque) and preventing magnetic saturation.
If we change V or f it should be done to keep the V/f ratio constant at Vrated/frated

2. Why not V is increased with f for speeds above the rated speed and the effect to the motor?

Until the rated or

base speed we can keep

V/f ratio constant

keeping

torque.

to

According

constant

the

characteristic curve

voltage

increase

this

beyond

the

point

above

cannot

be

but

only

frequency can be

changed. At rated speed

flux

becomes

saturated. If we increase

the

voltage

continuously there will

currents

flowing

be

high

through

the

windings. High currents can lead to insulation failures.

3. Compare the degree of speed controllability with frequency control and voltage control
Frequency control method is the V/f control method. For controlling the speed of three phase induction
motor by V/f method we have to supply variable voltage and frequency which is easily obtained by
using converter and inverter set. Controlling the speed of induction motor by frequency control method,
gives more degree of speed controllability.
By the equation of the torque produced by running three phase induction motor, we can get a
relationship as follows.
T sE2
Since E V,
T sV2
We can see that in voltage control method, to maintain the maximum torque in operation, the slip should
be increase whenever the voltage is reduced. If the slip increases motor will run at a reduced speed. This
method of speed control is rarely used because small change in speed requires large reduction in voltage.
So the frequency control method has more degree of controllability over voltage control method.

4. Comment on the motor voltage and current waveform

Both of the voltage and current waveform obtained from the practical are 40 Hz frequency waveforms.
Here, the voltage wave form generated by actual 180 degrees six step voltage source inverter is more
similar to the theoretical line voltage wave form and shown as a square wave form in the observed graph
in the practical. However, the current wave form is much more distorted than voltage wave form due to
harmonics. Also there is phase shift due to the presence of inductance of the load.

5. Outline the salient features of control circuit giving reasons for the use of different
potentiometers

Control circuit consists of two different potentiometers in the slow-up and slow down circuit
which are named as VR1 and VR2 used to change the rate of change of speed signals

Five different potentiometers were in N-1 amplifier circuit named as VR1,VR2,VR3,VR4 and
VR5. Here, first the output from slow-up/slow down circuit is compared with the dc link
voltage feedback signal and then the resulting signal is again compared with the dc link current
feedback signal.

For stability reason and for protection purposes current loop is incorporated in this circuit. VR2
and VR4 are added to adjust the control signal transients from the comparators and VR5 to adjust
the signal range in the current control loop.

REFERENCES
Electrical Machines & Drives lecture notes
http://www.electrical4u.com/