SPECIFIC GRAVITY

TRUE statements about specific gravity include: I. Official temperature for specific gravity determination
of alcohol is 25C II. 25/25 is the basis of expressing the specific gravity on official pharmaceutical
compendia III. It is the ration of the density of the substance to the density of water.
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) I and III

STATES OF MATTER

Intermolecular forces of attraction is evident in: I. water-alcohol interaction II. Solubility of HCl gas in
water III. Coalescence of oil globules in emulsion
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) I and III
Which of the following forces is responsible for the liquefaction of gases?
a) Dipole-dipole forces
b) Dipole- induced dipole forces
c) Induced dipole induced dipole forces
d) Keesom forces
The Debye forces have energy of attraction between 1 to 7 kcal/mole. In which interactions this is
TRUE?
a) Na-Cl
b) H-O-H
c) CH2-Cl2
d) HCl-H2O
KI3 Is formed when iodine crystals is mixed with a solution of potassium iodide. The interaction
governing this principle is:
a) Dipole-dipole interaction
b) Dipole-induced dipole interaction
c) Ion-dipole interaction
d) Ion-induced dipole interaction
TRUE statements regarding hydrogen bonding include: I. attraction between nonpolar atoms and water,
II. Can be intermolecular or intramolecular III. Between hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative
atom
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) I and III
Exhibited by gases within a confined system which is due to collision of gas particles with one another
and to the walls of the container.
a) Volume
b) Pressure
c) Elasticity
d) Mole
A gas law which states that gases of equal volumes at the same temperature and pressure contain the
same number of molecules:
a) Boyles
b) Charles
c) Gay Lussacs
d) Avogadros

If 0.50 g of drug in the vapor state occupies 100 mL at 120C and 1 atm pressure. What is the
approximate molecular weight?
a) 16.05 g/mole
b) 49 g/mole
c) 1.61 g/mole
d) 161 g/mole
The resistance of liquid to flow is called:
a) Liquidity
b) Bulkiness
c) Porosity
d) Viscosity
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
a) The boiling point of water is 100C
b) The vapor pressure of water at room temperature is 20mmHg
c) The heat of vaporization of water at boiling, Hv (water) BP = 9720 cal/mole
d) Vapor pressure and boiling point are directly related
Two organic compounds has the molecular weight, but compound A has the higher heat of fusion that
compound B. Which of these best describe compound A?
a) It is more soluble than compound B
b) Its melting point is higher than compound B
c) Its melting point is lower than compound B
d) There is no difference between compound A and B in terms of melting point and solubility
Which of the following statements about crystalline solids is not TRUE?
a) Diamond is an ionic crystal
b) Boric acid is a triclinic crystal
c) Crystalline solids have distinct melting points
d) Crystals other than cubic are anisotropic
Nematic crystals are: I. soap or grease like crystals II. Used in developing display systems, III. Exhibit
flow properties.
a) I, II and III
b) I and III
c) I and II
d) II and III
All combinations of phenol and water are completely miscible at 68.8C. This is termed as:
a) Upper critical temperature
b) Upper consulate temperature
c) Conjugate temperature
d) Transition temperature

THERMODYNAMICS

It deals with quantitative relationship between heat and other forms of energy.
a) Thermodynamics
b) Heat dynamics
c) Thermochemistry
d) Enthalpy
Energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be lost, or created. This statement is
the:
a) First law of thermodynamics
b) Second law of thermodynamics
c) Third law of thermodynamics
d) Gibbs free energy
In the field of thermodynamics, physical properties of a system which are dependent of the amount of
substance are known as:
a) Additive properties

b) Constitutive properties
c) Intensive properties
d) Extensive properties
NONELECTROLYTES

Refraction of light, electric properties, surface tension, interfacial tension and solubility of drugs are:
a) Colligative properties
b) Additive properties
c) Constitutive properties
d) Partly additive and partly constitutive
Compute for the freezing point of depression of a 1.3n solution if the cryoscopic constant at this
concentration is 2.1 instead of 1.86.
a) 0.037C
b) 0.37C
c) 2.73C
d) 2.37C

BUFFERED AND ISOTONIC SOLUTION

Ionization of a weak acid yield hydronium ion and;

a) Conjugate base of the acid
b) Conjugate acid of the base
c) Hydroxyl ion
d) Hydrogen ion
The following are factor affecting the pH of the buffer pair EXCEPT:
a) Addition of neutral salt
b) Temperature
c) Particle size
d) Dilution of water
Blood is maintained at pH 7.4 by the biological buffer systems. This includes all of the following
EXCEPT;
a) Hemoglobin/exohemoglobin
b) Carbonic acid/bicarbonate
c) Acid/alkali sodium salts of phosphoric acid
d) Boric acid/ sodium borate
When water reacts with carbon dioxide in air, it forms a H2CO3. This results to a pH of water to become:
a) 7.0
b) Slightly greater than 7.0
c) Slightly less than 7.0
d) 1.0
Correct statements regarding buffers include: I. Ammonia-ammonium buffer system is a weak acid and
conjugate base buffer pair II. A positive dilution value signifies that the pH raise with dilution III. Plasma
proteins behave as acid and can combine with bases and so act as buffers
a) I, II and III
b) II and III
c) I and III
d) III only
Drug A has a MW = 356 g/mole and an LISO value = 4.3. Calculate tf of drug A.
a) 0.68
b) 0.44
c) 0.22
d) 0.12
A 1% solution of Drug A was prepared. How much sodium chloride is needed for tonicity adjustment?
Use Cryscopic method.
a) 0.61g

b) 1.2g
c) 0.7g
d) 0.23g
A newly discovered weak acid was found to diffuse freely through the red blood cell membrane. A 2.3%
of this weak acid has the same freezing point as blood. The 2.3% is:
a) Isotonic
b) Isosmotic
c) Isosmotic and isotonic
d) Hypertonic
When a volume of 2.3% solution of the weak acid (in the previous number) is mixed with with blood, red
blood cells will:
a) Retain their normal size and shape
b) Shrink and become wrinkled
c) Swell and finally burst
d) Be crenated

SOLUBILITY AND DISTRIBUTION PHENOMENA

As pressure increases, the solubility of most gases in liquids _______________.

a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Unaltered
d) Remain constant
A solution containing the dissolve solute in a concentration below the necessary for complete saturation
at a definite temperature is referred to as:
a) Saturated
b) Unsaturated
c) Hypersaturated
d) Supersaturated
Water acts as a solvent due to which of the following mechanisms?
a) High dielectric constant
b) Ability to break covalent bond of potentially strong electrolytes
c) Through dipole interaction forces
d) All of these
When liquids are mixed, two layers are formed, each containing some of the other liquid dissolved
state. This phenomenon is observed in:
a) Glycerin-alcohol
b) Water-ether
c) Alcohol-acetone
d) Benzene-CCL4
In phenol water system, the addition of glycerin, (or succinic acid) will ______________ the mutual
solubility.
a) Increase
b) Decrease
c) Non change
d) Unaltered
The FGSA (in A02) of n-butanol is 59.2 while cyclohexanol is 49.6, therefore:
a) N-butanol is not soluble while cyclohexanol is soluble
b) N butanol is more soluble than cyclohexanol
c) Cyclohexanol is more soluble than n-butanol
d) Both liquids are not soluble in water
It describes the solubility of slightly soluble electrolytes to form a saturated solution:
a) Solubility coefficient,
b) Solubility product constant, Ksp
c) Co-solvency

d) Solubility fraction
Sodium chloride does not evolve nor absorb heat when dissolved, so heat of solution is approximately:
a) Positive
b) Negative
c) Zero
d) Either positive or negative
Solubility of solid is influenced by particle size. Which of these is TRUE?
a) Solubility increases with increased particle size
b) Solubility increases with decreased particle size
c) Solubility decreases with decreased particle size
d) Solubility is not affected by particle size
If 0.5 g of a drug sample dissolved in 25 mL solvent, the solubility is described as:
a) Very soluble
b) Freely soluble
c) Soluble
d) Sparingly soluble
The solubility of Penicillin sodium ________ as the pH is lowered.
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) No affected
d) Remains constant
Diphenhydramine HCl + Ammonium hydroxide will result to:
a) Decrease solubility of ammonium hydroxide
b) Increase solubility of ammonium hydroxide
c) Decrease solubility of Diphenhydramine HCl
d) Increase solubility of Diphenhydramine HCl
It increases the solubility of aspirin
a) NaCl
b) NaOH
c) HCl
d) Sodium citrate
TRUE statements include: I. the dissociated species of the drug molecule cannot cross biologic
membranes so are less absorbed. II. Ionization of weak acid is favorable at high pH. III. Salts of weak
base precipitate at low pH.
a) I, II and III
b) II and III
c) I and II
d) I and III

COMPLEXATION AND PROTEIN BINDING

Correct statement about cis-isomer form of a chelate.

a) Two like ligands are opposite each other
b) Vitamin B12 is a cis-isomer
c) Two like ligands are adjacent
d) Both a and b are correct
The interaction of a drug with protein may cause the following EXCEPT:
a) Retard excretion of drug
b) Displacement of body hormones or a coadministered drugs
c) Configurable change in the protein
d) Formation of a biologically active drug-protein complex

DIFFUSION

A solute or a solvent can traverse a physical or biologic membrane by: I. simple molecular diffusion II.
Diffusion through a solvent-filled pores III. Movement through and/or between the fibrous membrane
strands
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) Only I
A separation process based on unequal rates of passage of solutes and solvents through microporous
membranes carried out in batch or continuous mode/
a) Diffusion
b) Reverse osmosis
c) Ultrafiltration
d) Dialysis
In the Ficks law of diffusion, the amount of material crossing a unit area in time is the:
a) Concentration of gradient dC/dx
b) Surface area
c) Flux, J
d) Diffusion coefficient, D
The rate of diffusion through a unit are (flux) is proportional to the concentration gradient.
a) Ficks 1st law
b) Ficks 2nd law
c) Ficks 3rd law
d) Ficks 4th law
Which of the following is characterized by multilayer diffusion? I. Diffusion across biologic barriers. II.
Passage of gaseous or liquid solutes through the walls of the container and plastic packaging materials.
III. Passage of a topically applied drug from its vehicle through the lipoidal and lower hydrous layers of
the skin.
a) I only
b) II only
c) III only
d) I, II and III

DRUG RELEASE AND DISSOLUTION

The dissolution tablet depends on the following excipients EXCEPT:

a) Diluent
b) Binder
c) Base
d) Lubricant
TRUE statements about dissolution include: I. the rate controlling step in the biabsorption of drugs of
low solubility II. The slowest process involved in the release of drug from its dosage form and passage
into systematic circulation. III. Dissolution of tablets depend on disintegration and deaggregation.
a) I, II and III
b) I and III
c) II and III
d) Only I
Which of the following statements is NOT CORRECT?
a) USP Dissolution apparatus 6 (rotating cylinder) is used for testing the dissolution properties of
transdermal patches.
b) Dissolution rate increases with ionization
c) Dissolution of semisolid preparation depends on the base used
d) Percutaneous absorption involves active transport mechanism
Which of the following conditions will increase the rate of drug dissolution from a solid dosage form
such as tablet?
a) Increase in particle size of a drug

b) Increase in the surface area of the drug particles

c) Increase in the disintegration time
d) Increase in the amount of excipients to dilute the drug
Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a) Facilitated diffusion is a carrier mediated transport system that does not require energy source
such as ATP.
b) Basic drugs are greatly ionized in the small intestine so can cross the barrier.
c) Dissolution rate increases with ionization
d) Lubricants in solid dosage forms decrease dissolution rate.
Dissolution apparatus for suppositories.
a) Stationary basket
b) Modified stationary basket rotating paddle
c) Rotating dialyzing sac
d) A rotating paddle-rotating basket

CHEMICAL KINETICS AND STABILITY

Reaction rates can be increased by:

a) Increasing the temperature
b) Presence of solvents
c) Presence of catalysts
d) All of these
This refers to the time required for 50% of a drug to decompose
a) Half-life
b) Shelf life
c) T90
d) Both a and b
Importance of reaction kinetics
a) Expiration dating
b) Potency
c) Toxicity
d) Efficacy
The unit expressing the first order rate constant is
a) Per unit time
b) Concentration per unit time
c) Time
d) Per unit concentration
Correct statements regarding stability include: I. Physical stability means the original physical properties
including the appearance, palatability, uniformity, dissolution and suspendability are retained. II.
Chemical stability is important in selecting the storage condition and proper container. III. Antimicrobial
agents in formulations maintain he toxicologic stability.
a) Only I
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) I, II and III
True statements regarding decomposition of pharmaceuticals include: I. More frequently encountered
mode of degradation are hydrolysis and oxidation II. Esters lactams and amides usually undergo
hydrolytic decomposition. III. Oxidation is mediated by atmospheric oxygen.
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) Only I
The following are signs of oxidative decomposition EXCEPT:
a) Change in color
b) Rancidity of ointment

c) Vinegar-like odor of ASA tablet

d) Precipitation of solution
The following are antioxidants EXCEPT:
a) BHA
b) Ascorbic acid
c) Sodium bisulfide
d) Benzoic acid
Photodegradation can be prevented by packaging drugs in a light resistant container. Which of the
following is NOT light resistant?
a) Colorless bottle covered with aluminum foil
b) Amber-colored container
c) Plastic container
d) Bottle covered with carbon paper
An additive that can improve stability of drugs by forming a less reactive compound is
a) Buffer
b) Surfactant
c) Solvent
d) Complexing agent

INTERFACIAL TENSION

Which of the following does not exhibit interfacial tension?

a) Alcohol and water
b) Oil and water
c) Chloroform and water
d) Ether and water
In the removal of objectionable odors in rooms, charcoal is the:
a) Absorbent
b) Absorbate
c) Interface
d) Desorbate
Attapulgite and kaolin absorb intestinal content. This is absorption at
a) Solid-gas interface
b) Solid-solid interface
c) Solid liquid interface
d) Liquid-liquid interface
Applications of solid-solid absorption include all of the following EXCEPT:
a) Antidiarrheal action of kaolin
b) Operation of gas mask
c) Decolorizing solutions
d) Antidote property of activated charcoal
Quaternary ammonium compounds are surface active agents that possess
a) Anthelmintic activity
b) Antibacterial property
c) Solubilizing property
d) Detergent power
Molecules or ions that are absorbed at interfaces are termed as
a) Absorbent
b) Ampholytes
c) Zwitterions
d) Surface-active agents
Which of the following does not describe absorption?
a) Added molecules are partitioned in favor of the interface
b) Surface effect
c) Taking up of water by a sponge
d) Alkaloids concentrating on the surface of clay

Either alcohol or castor oil are examples of:

a) Antifoaming agents
b) Foaming agents
c) Wetting agents
d) Detergents
In the equation HLB = 20 ( 1 S/A) S is the ______________ of ester
a) Saturation number
b) Acid number
c) Saponification number
d) Iodine value
The following are surface active agents except
a) Benzalkonium chloride
b) Sodium lauryl sulfate
c) Cholesterol
d) Sodium sulfate
A complex process involving the removal of foreign matter from surfaces:
a) Wetting
b) Detergency
c) Lavage
d) Foaming
A surfacent used to lower the contact angle of the powder and the liquid is
a) Solubilizing agent
b) Wetting agent
c) Detergent
d) Foaming agent
A stable structure consisting of air pockets enclosed within thin film of liquid is
a) Form
b) Aerosol
c) Detergent
d) Antifoam
The angle between a liquid droplet and the surface over which it spreads is known as
a) Angle of repose
b) tan
c) contact angle
d) spreading coefficient

COLLOIDAL DISPERSION

Characteristics of particles in colloidal dispersion include EXCEPT:

a) May be detected under ultramicroscope and visible in electron microscope
b) Pass through filter paper but do not pass through semipermeable membrane
c) Particle size is less than 1 nm.
d) Diffuse very slowly.
A type of colloidal system that has the ability to increase the solubility of materials that is normally
insoluble is
a) Association colloids
b) Lyophobic colloids
c) Lyophilic colloids
d) Organosol
Which of the following is NOT a hydrophilic colloid?
a) Gelatin
b) Acacia
c) Albumin
d) Rubber
This involves the movement of liquid through a plug or membrane across in which a potential is applied.

a) Electrophoresis
b) Electroosmosis
c) Sedimentation potential
d) Streaming potential
When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal sol, a visible cone is formed. This property is:
a) Brownian motion
b) Faraday-Tyndall effect
c) Sedimentation
d) Electrophoresis

COARSE DISPERSION

Correct statements about dispersed systems EXCEPT:

a) A two-phase system
b) Particles exhibit Brownian motion
c) Inherently stable system
d) Particles are not uniform in size
Interfacial property of suspended particles characterized by the growth and fusing together of crystals in
the precipitate to produce a solid aggregates is referred to as:
a) Creaming
b) Flocculation
c) Aggregation
d) Caking
Upon settling of particles in this system, a clear supermatant liquid is produced.
a) Flocculated
b) Deflocculated
c) Concentrated suspension
d) Dilute suspension
Particles of a deflocculated system exhibit the following properties EXCEPT:
a) Do not settle rapidly
b) Easily redispersed
c) Form a hard cake
d) Exist as individual entities
Avoidance of particle-particle interaction can stabilize dispersion. Which of the following is NOT a
means of preventing the interaction of particle?
a) Particles have opposite charge
b) Deflocculated
c) Manipulation of densities
d) Increased viscosity of the dispersion medium
The settling of particles in flocculated system is termed as
a) Sedimentation
b) Caking
c) Subsidence
d) Flocculation
Particles of flocculated system:
a) Are held together by weak Van der Waals force
b) Settle rapidly
c) Do not form a hard cake
d) All of these
Which of the following is CORRECT? I. Strokes Law describes the rate of settling of particles. II. High
particulate concentration renders dispersion more stable. III. Upon settling of particles in a flocculated
system, a clear supernatant liquid is produced.
a) Only I
b) I and II
c) II and III

d) I, II and III
A process forming light and fluffy conglomerates that are held together by weak Van der Waals forces
a) Aggregation
b) Deposition
c) Caking
d) Flocculation
How does the increase in the viscosity of the liquid affect the rate of sedimentation in a suspension?
(Assume that the density of the particles is greater that the density of the dispersing liquid.)
a) the sedimentation rate will not change
b) the sedimentation rate will be slower
c) the sedimentation rate will be higher
d) particle sedimentation will take place
This theory assumes monomolecular layers of emulsifying agent curved around a droplet of internal
phase
a) Surface tension theory
b) Oriented wedge theory
c) Interfacial film theory
d) Dissolution theory
A problem affecting the pharmaceutical elegance of emulsion that involves the complete fusion of
droplets followed by ultimate fusion of two immiscible phase.
a) Phase inversion
b) Creaming
c) Flocculation
d) Breaking
The change of an emulsion type from O/W to W/O or vice versa is termed as:
a) Coalescence
b) Breaking
c) Creaming
d) Phase inversion
Upward creaming is
a) An irreversible process
b) Observed in W/O type where the internal phase is heavier than the continuous phase
c) Observed in O/W type where the disperse phase is less dense than the continuous phase.
d) A and b
Which of the following is not correct?
a) O/W emulsion are miscible with water
b) O/W emulsions conduct electricity
c) W/O emulsion can be diluted with water
d) Mayonnaise is a W/O emulsion.
What is Bancrofts rule? I. determine whether the emulsion will be O/W or W/O. II. It states that the
phase in which the emulsifying agent is more soluble will be the external phase.
a) Only I is correct
b) Only II is correct
c) I and II are correct
d) I and II are wrong
TRUE statements regarding single-phase gel include: I. Frequently called magmas or milk. II. Made up
of large organic molecules enclosed and interpenetrated by a liquid. III. No apparent boundaries exist
between the dispersed phase and the dispersion medium.
a) I, II and III
b) II and III
c) I and III
d) III only

MICROMERITICS

TRUE statements regarding the derived properties of powders include: I. compaction is important in
pharmaceutical tableting. II. Bulkiness is the reciprocal of bulk density. III. Large particles are freeflowing.
a) I, II and III
b) I and III
c) II and III
d) III only
The thickness and the depth of the particle is NOT measured in:
a) Optical microscopy
b) Particle volume measurement
c) Sedimentation
d) Sieving
This ingredient is added to tablet granulation to decrease the interparticle friction and promote the flow
of powder.
a) Disintegrant
b) Excipient
c) Glidant
d) Surfactant
Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a) Bulkiness with an increase in particle size.
b) The average particle size by volume can be determined using gravity sedimentation method.
c) In optical microscopy, the diameter of the particles can be obtained from the length, breadth and
depth of the particle.
d) Powders of large surface area are good absorbents.
Characteristics of cubic packing EXCEPT
a) Particles are packed at 90angle to each other
b) Porosity is 26%
c) Most open or loosest packing arrangement
d) Packing arrangement of large particles
The angle of repose is: I. a measure of frictional forces in a loose powder. II a function of surface
roughness III. Used to estimate the flow properties of powders.
a) I, II and II are correct
b) I and III are correct
c) II and III and correct
d) III only
Free flowing powders are characterized by the following except:
a) Low angle of repose
b) High porosity
c) High density
d) Particle size of 250-2000 m
The following statements are TRUE about glidants EXCEPT
a) Fine charcoal is an example of glidant
b) Materials used to improve flow properties of powders
c) It can decrease the repose angle
d) Added to cohesive powders
Instruments used to determine the surface area of particles include: I. fisher subsieve sizer II.
Quantasorb III. Andreasen pipet
a) I, II and III
b) I and II
c) II and III
d) III only
The expansion of powders under the influence of stress is referred to as
a) Porosity
b) Bulkiness
c) Dilatancy

d) Density
RHEOLOGY

A pseudoplastic flow is
a) A shear thickening system
b) Exhibited by creams and ointments
c) A system which increases in volume when sheared
d) Semisolid on standing and become fluid upon shaking
Which of the following exhibit shear-thinning property
a) Creams
b) Liquid dispersion of tragacanth
c) 50% starch suspension
d) Toothpaste
The following statements regarding antithixotropy are correct EXCEPT
a) Exhibit shear thickening effect
b) The equilibrium of the system is the gel
c) Exhibited by flocculated system with low solid content
d) Also known as negative thixotropy