Steel Design Manuscript 10-8-13

Design of 5-Storey Commercial Building
Lozano, Glaiza L.
Netro, Almera R.
2013
Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Design of 5-Storey Commercial Building ....................................................................................................... 1

Chapter 1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 The Project .......................................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 The Site location .................................................................................................................................. 6
1.3 Project Objectives ................................................................................................................................ 7
1.4 Project Scope and Limitation ............................................................................................................... 7
1.5 The Client ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Chapter 2 DESIGN INPUTS .......................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Description of the Structure ................................................................................................................. 8
Chapter 3 CONSTRAINTS AND TRADE-OFFS .......................................................................................... 15
3.1 Design Constraints ............................................................................................................................ 15
3.2 Trade Offs.......................................................................................................................................... 15
Chapter 4 DESIGN OF STRUCTURE ......................................................................................................... 19
4.1 Methodology ...................................................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Structural Design ............................................................................................................................... 19
4.3. Structural Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 30
4.4. Cost Estimates.................................................................................................................................. 33
4.5. Constructability ................................................................................................................................. 33
Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS.......................................................................................................................... 34
REFERENCES: ........................................................................................................................................... 35
Appendix A: Codes ...................................................................................................................................... 36
Appendix B: Estimate of Built up Section and Rolled Section ...................................................................... 45
Appendix C: Manual Computation of Design of Purlins ............................................................................... 46
Appendix D: Manual Computation for Truss Design .................................................................................... 51
Appendix E: Moment Distribution Method .................................................................................................... 55
Appendix F: Manual Computation of Beam ................................................................................................. 58
Appendix G: Manual Computation of Column .............................................................................................. 61
Appendix H: Design of Welded Connection for Beams ................................................................................ 63
Appendix I: Design of Welded Connection for Columns .............................................................................. 66
Appendix J: Raw Designer Ranking Computation ....................................................................................... 69
Appendix K: STAAD Pro License................................................................................................................. 71
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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 Perspective View of the Structure ................................................................................................ 5
Figure 1-2 Satellite Image of the Site............................................................................................................. 6
Figure 2-1 Rear Side View........................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-2 Front Side View .......................................................................................................................... 10
Figure 2-3 Left Side and Right Side View .................................................................................................... 11
Figure 2-4 Groud Floor Plan ........................................................................................................................ 11
Figure 2-5 Second Floor Plan ...................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2-6 Third Floor Plan .......................................................................................................................... 12
Figure 2-7 Fourth Floor Plan ........................................................................................................................ 13
Figure 2-8 Fifth Floor Plan ........................................................................................................................... 13
Figure 2-9 Truss Details .............................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 3-1 Interpretation of Economic Constraint Trade Off ........................................................................ 17
Figure 3-2 Interpretation Of Constructability Constraints Trade Off ............................................................. 18
Figure 4-1 Structural Design Flowchart ....................................................................................................... 19
Figure 4-2 Whole Structure Model ............................................................................................................... 20
Figure 4-3 Foundation Framing Plan ........................................................................................................... 20
Figure 4-4 Typical Second to Fifth Floor Beam and Column Plan ............................................................... 21
Figure 4-5 Typical Second to Fifth Floor Slab .............................................................................................. 21
Figure 4-6 First Floor Beam and Column Members ..................................................................................... 22
Figure 4-7 Load Model for Wind Load ......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4-8 Load Model for Wind Load ......................................................................................................... 29
Figure 4-9 Loading Considering Frame 1 and Frame A ............................................................................... 30
Figure 4-10 Loading Considering Frame 2 and Frame B ............................................................................. 30
Figure 4-11 Loading Considering Frame 3 and Frame C ............................................................................ 31
Figure 4-12 Loading Considering Frame 4 and Frame G ............................................................................ 31
Figure 4-13 Loading Considering Frame F .................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Figure 4-14 Bending Moment for Load Case 7 ............................................................................................ 32
Figure 4-15 Footing Reactions .................................................................................................................... 32
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 3-1 Raw Designer Rankings* ............................................................................................................. 16

Table 4-1 Truss Sections ............................................................................................................................. 22
Table 4-2 Beam Sections ............................................................................................................................ 23
Table 4-3 Column Dimensions (2nd-5th floor) ............................................................................................... 24
Table 4-4 Column Dimensions (Ground floor) ............................................................................................. 24
Table 4-5 Schedule of Base Plate ............................................................................................................... 25
Table 4-6 Dead Load Specifications ............................................................................................................ 26
Table 4-7 Longitudinal Section Dead Load .................................................................................................. 26
Table 4-8 Transverse Section Dead Load ................................................................................................... 27
Table 4-9 Live Load Specifications .............................................................................................................. 27
Table 4-10 Longitudinal Section Live Load .................................................................................................. 27
Table 4-11 Specifications for Seismic Analysis............................................................................................ 28
Table 4-12 Specifications for Wind Load Analysis ....................................................................................... 28
Table 4-13 Cost and Labor Estimates ......................................................................................................... 33
Table 4-14 Duration Estimate ...................................................................................................................... 33
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Chapter 1 BACKGROUND
1.1 The Project
The GL-AN Construction Corporation project focuses on the design of a five-story commercial
building. The building itself is designed with space for offices, meeting areas, and retail stores. The site
plan for the property includes space for a garden, parking, access for cars to drive through the site and, of
course, the building itself. Through this project, the designer will utilize culturally appropriate materials and
construction practices, provide clear and usable feedback to GL-AN Construction Corporation, and design
a structure that can be trusted.
The purpose of the project is that the client wants to be recognized as a brand name and to be
known as a company that provides good product and services. He wants to venture on something new that
he can learn and dominate. He tries to challenge his self to be more efficient and successful with his next
venture on commercial building leasing. Being an unchartered territory for him and as a risk taker himself,
He wants to conquer another branch of his business empire. It is a stepping stone for further business
venture to be owned by him.
Figure 1-1 Perspective View of the Structure

The UPTOWN BUILDING will be composed of a rectangular shape five-story building located at
Brgy. Of San Nicolas, Municipal of Bacoor, Province of Cavite, Island of Luzon. The total lot area is 536
sq.m. Each level of the building will have a floor area of 420 sq.m. The five-story building will only include
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commercial investments: an office space for other NGOs to rent out, a retail stores to rent, and a rooms for
organizations to rent during conferences. Most of the rest of the land will be used for parking areas. The
type of construction is type IV buildings where the structure was design in steel materials.
1.2 The Site location
The site is located in Brgy. Of San Nicolas, Municipal of Bacoor, Province of Cavite, Island of
Luzon. The site has adequate power and water supplies. It must be also adjacent to existing power lines,
water, sewage, telephone lines. The existing condition of the site is that it is surrounded by most vacant
lots. The sites general land used is for future urban development, it means that site is feasible to become
mixed commercial/ residential/ institutional and recreational.
The Site of Proposed Project
Figure 1-2 Satellite Image of the Site

(Google GIS Systems, 2011).
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1.3 Project Objectives

This project will focus on the design of the commercial building involving:
Propose a design that suits the needs of the client in accordance with codes and engineering
standards and in consideration of tradeoffs based on multiple constraints such as economic,
environmental, health and safety, manufacturability and sustainability.
To create of an economical and durable establishment with cost-effective which can be attained by
evaluating the economic constraint, anticipating risk and determining the disadvantages and
advantages of trade-offs in the implementation of the project.
To design the architectural and structural plans for commercial building that the client need.
To provide the calculations of steel design for columns, beams, trusses for the proposed project.
1.4 Project Scope and Limitation
The scope of the project is to provide a comprehensive design as required by the client:
Provide conceptual and structural design plans to the local government client adhering to the
following codes and standards:
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) (PD 1096)
National Building Code of the Philippines
International Building Code 2012
Compute and analyze the structural stability, strength and serviceability of the proposed design
using MS Excel program and STAAD program
Provide design drawings as well as structural member details.
1.5 The Client
The project proprietor is Mr. Alimoe A. Cruz is one of the most successful businessmen of the
country. He lives in Taguig City with his family. He was born in New Bataan, Compostela Valley Davao. He
finished his elementary studies in this place with honors. He continues his studies in the University of
Philippines taking up Bachelor of Science Business Administration Major in Management and finished as
Cumlaude. He was employed in one of the biggest company in the country. With his intelligence initiative
and perseverance, he got the highest position in the company.
After ten years of hard work, he was able to establish his own company and expand its branches to
the different places in Philippines. To own by company was his dream. To uplift the life of his family and
even help other people, his Kababayan in particular. For him nothing is impossible if you have that power
and knowledge. You are determined to reach the goal even though sometimes that goal seems to be
unattainable.
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Chapter 2 DESIGN INPUTS

2.1 Description of the Structure
The project has (1) one building which has a total of (36) thirty-six room for offices, (4) four utility
rooms, (1) one food court, (2) electrical rooms, (5) five comfort rooms for each floor, (2) Conference rooms.
It has (1) one elevator and (2) two stairways opening. It is located at Brgy. Of San Nicolas, Municipal of
Bacoor, Province of Cavite, Island of Luzon. The total lot area is 536 sq.m. And the rest of the land is used
for parking area.
The facilities for the Ground Floor are as follows:
Mechanical room or a boiler room is a room or space in a building dedicated to the mechanical
equipment and its associated electrical equipment, as opposed to rooms intended for human
occupancy or storage. The room area is
Electrical room is a room or space in a building dedicated to electrical equipment. Electrical
equipment may be for power distribution equipment, or for communications equipment. An
adequate space or area shall be provided at load centers where panel boards, breakers,
switchgears and other electrical equipment are installed. The room area is
Parking area: A building or portion of a building in which one or more self-propelled vehicles can
be kept for use, sale, storage, rental, repair, exhibition, or demonstration purposes.
Waiting area: An open or semi-open support space where visitors can be received and can wait
for their appointment.
Pantry area: An open or enclosed support space where people can get coffee and tea as well as
soft drinks and snacks.
Break area: A semi-open or enclosed support space where employees can take a break from their
work.
Print and copy area: An open or enclosed support space with facilities for printing, scanning and
copying of files.
Mail area: An open or semi-open support space where employees can pick up or deliver their
personal mail.
Locker area: An open or semi-open support space where employees can store their personal
belongings.
Smoking room: An enclosed support space where employees can smoke a cigarette.
Library: A semi-open or enclosed support space for reading of books, journals and magazines.
The facilities for the Second and Fifth Floor are as follows:
Office This is a room where people work, but may also denote a position within
an organization with specific duties attached to it (see officer, office-holder, official). The room area
is 30 m. The office includes the following space.
Open office: An open work space for more than ten people, suitable for activities which demand
frequent communication or routine activities which need relatively little concentration.
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Team space: A semi-enclosed work space for two to eight people; suitable for teamwork which
demands frequent internal communication and a medium level of concentration.
Cubicle: A semi-enclosed work space for one person, suitable for activities which demand medium
concentration and medium interaction.
Private office: An enclosed work space for one person, suitable for activities which are
confidential, demand a lot of concentration or include many small meetings.
Shared office: An enclosed work space for two or three people, suitable for semi-concentrated
work and collaborative work in small groups.
Team room: An enclosed work space for four to ten people; suitable for teamwork which may be
confidential and demands frequent internal communication.
Study booth: An enclosed work space for one person; suitable for short-term activities which
demand concentration or confidentiality.
Work lounge: A lounge-like work space for two to six people; suitable for short-term activities
which demand collaboration and/or allow impromptu interaction.
Touch down: An open work space for one person; suitable for short-term activities which require
little concentration and low interaction.
Conference room: an office are typically used interactive processes, be it quick conversations or
intensive brainstorms. This is a room provided for singular events such as business
conferences and meetings. There are six generic types of meeting space, each supporting different
activities.
Small meeting room: An enclosed meeting space for two to four persons, suitable for both formal
and informal interaction
Large meeting room: An enclosed meeting space for five to twelve people, suitable for formal
interaction.
Meeting point: An open meeting point for two to four persons; suitable for ad hoc, informal
meetings.
Support spaces in an office are typically used for secondary activities such as filing documents or
taking a break. There are twelve generic types of support space, each supporting different
activities. The following spaces includes in each room.
Filing space: An open or enclosed support space for the storage of frequently used files and
documents.
Storage space: An open or enclosed support space for the storage of commonly used office
supplies.
Circulation space: Support space which is required for circulation on office floors, linking all major
functions.
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Figures 2.1 to 2.8 show the Rear Side View, Front Side View, Left and Right Side View, Ground Floor Plan,
Second to Fifth Floor Plan and Truss Details.
Figure 2-1 Rear Side View
Figure 2-2 Front Side View

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Figure 2-3 Left Side and Right Side View
Figure 2-4 Groud Floor Plan
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Figure 2-5 Second Floor Plan
Figure 2-6 Third Floor Plan
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Figure 2-7 Fourth Floor Plan
Figure 2-8 Fifth Floor Plan
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Figure 2-9 Truss Details
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Chapter 3 CONSTRAINTS AND TRADE-OFFS

3.1 Design Constraints
Satisfying the unique expectation of the Client in the progress of the project is a challenging task
for the designers; there are many aspects of project design that needs to be considered to determine the
impact of the study. These aspects known as design constraints includes economic, environmental,
ethical, health and safety, manufacturability, political, sustainability, cultural and social. All designs are
subjected to constraints which must be clearly and individually defined to determine different solutions
before the final judgment can be made as to which of the structural system is most appropriate.
Among other possible constraints, the following were considered to have relevant impact on the
design project:
3.1.1 Economic
In construction project, one of the most critical considerations is cost. Obviously, owners do not
have the luxury of limitless resources to support the most extravagant design or the safest structure.
Structural members that affect its cost greatly are foundation, columns, beams, slabs and structures
erection. Since steel is bought per kilo, obviously, the lighter the steel category, the better.
The designers decided to be particular whether to use a built up shape (BW) or rolled shape (I) for
beam and column. Built up steel sections are comprised of other smaller members. Otherwise, rolled
sections are formed into the shape directly.
3.1.2 Constructability
Another constraint that has to be given more emphasis is the constructability. This pertains to the
longevity of the construction of a certain structure. It is important to finish the construction on a certain time
given by the client. Since the structure is set to be finished on the earliest possible time, the designers have
to select whether to use a built up shape (BW) or rolled shape (I) for beam and column to be installed that
wont take so much time.
3.2 Trade Offs
Steels inherent strength and consistent properties provides builders and home owners with many
benefits. Steel is use as a construction material. Steel beam depth are around half that of timber beams
offering greater usable space and lower costs of other materials. Steel does not bow or twist due to
shrinkage ensuring no long term movement problems with the steelwork. Steel does not creep and long
term deflection is minimal. Structural steel allows buildings to be constructed with a lower weight than
buildings of a similar strength in concrete. However, steel is much more expensive and widely available in
Philippines.
Based on the constraints articulated previously, the various decision criteria were derived. These
are listed in table 3-1. Using the model on trade-off strategies in engineering design presented by Otto and
Antonsson (1991), the importance of each criterion (on a scale of 0 to 5, 5 with the highest importance) was
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assigned and each design technologys ability to satisfy the criterion (on a scale from -5 to 5, 5 with the
highest ability to satisfy the criterion) was likewise tabulated.
Decision Criteria
Criterions
Importance
(on a scale of 0 to 5)
Ability to satisfy the criterion

(on a scale from -5 to 5)
Built up Sections
Rolled Sections
Built up Section vs. Rolled Section

1. Economic (Cost)
-4.54111612
0.38564
2. Constructability
(Construction span)
4.29827233
4.307442491
Over-all Rank
-1.2145
23.4654
Table 3-1 Raw Designer Rankings*

*Reference: Otto, K. N. and Antonsson, E. K., (1991). Trade-off strategies in engineering design. Research in Engineering Design, volume 3,
number 2, pages 87-104. Retrieved from http://www.design.caltech.edu/Research/Publications/90e.pdf on March 11, 2013
Based on the calculation of Raw Designer Rankings in Appendix J, the designers were able to
compare the tradeoffs which are the Rolled Section and the Built up Shape from the constraints formulated
above.
According to Table 3-1, usage of Rolled Section instead of built up section is cheaper and at the
same time needs shorter duration. In this case, it can be evidently seen that Rolled Section is more efficient
than the Built up section when it comes to Constructability and Economic Constraint.
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The Figures 3-1 Illustrates the tradeoffs of the interpretation of economic constraint.
Built Up Section
BW shape
Rolled Section
W shape
Built up steel sections are

compromised of the other smaller
members. This could be 3 plates
welded together to form an I-shape
or 2 angles bolted back to back to
make a double angle shape. It is
cheaper and lighter upon the
member used to form a section.
Theres a lot of structures are

boomed in the Philippines today
which the structures are made of
steel. The availability of the
Rolled Section W shape is widely
available in the country since that
it is a universal steel section. It is
cheaper and lighter. It is formed
into
the
shape
directly.
Therefore, it was one whole
member. It is less in time
consuming to build the structure.
Upon the results of estimates and designs the designer decided to adopt
the Rolled Section W shape to use in designing the steel beam and
column of Five Storey Commercial Building.
Figure 3-1 Interpretation of Economic Constraint Trade Off
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The Figures 3-2 Illustrates the tradeoffs of the interpretation of constructability constraints.
Built Up Section
BW shape
Rolled Section
W shape
Built up steel sections are

compromised of the other smaller
members. This could be 3 plates
welded together to form an I-shape
or 2 angles bolted back to back to
make a double angle shape. It
takes a lot of time to construct the
member which composed of two or
more men to build a member of a
structure.
It is cheaper and lighter. It is

formed into the shape directly.
Therefore, it was one whole
member. It is less in time
consuming to build the structure.
Upon the results of estimates and designs the designer decided to adopt
the Rolled Section W shape to use in designing the steel beam and
column of Five Storey Commercial Building.
Figure 3-2 Interpretation of Constructability Constraints Trade Off
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Chapter 4 DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

4.1 Methodology
The design of the structure is administered by the several standards and codes presented in
Chapter 3. The designers used steel to design beams, columns and slab of the structure. They used
Allowable Stress Design (ASD) method for the computation of the whole design.
4.2 Structural Design
For the purpose of accomplishing the design project, the designers followed the steps shown in the
flowchart in Figure 4.1. The designers started the design by designing a geometric model of the structure
using STAADPro and AutoCAD. Then next is the consideration of the design specifications from the codes
and standards which were stated on the previous chapter. After which is the setting of material properties
for all structural members wherein the material to be used is steel. Then load specification is reflected
depending on the type of structure. This includes live load, dead load, seismic load and wind load. Having
obtained needed data, the structure then can be analyzed and structural details were designed.
Geometric Model
Material Properties
Load Specification
Structural Analysis
Structural Design
Design Detail Schedule
Figure 4-1 Structural Design Flowchart
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Geometric Modeling
Figure 4-2 Whole Structure Model
Framing Plan Models

Figure 4.3 - 4.4 shows the framing plans for the structural members used in analytical model.
Figure 4-3 Foundation Framing Plan
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Figure 4-4 Typical Second to Fifth Floor Beam and Column Plan
Figure 4-5 Typical Second to Fifth Floor Slab
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STAADPro Models
Figure 4-6 First Floor Beam and Column Members

Member Dimensions
Purlins: C 7 x 9.8 section
Truss:
MEMBERS
SECTION
Top Chord
2 - L 6 x 4 x 3/4
Bottom Chord
2 - L 6 x 4 x 3/4
Diagonal Chord
2 - L 6 x 4 x 3/4
Table 4-1 Truss Sections
Beams:
Beam
AB
BC
CD
DE
EF
FG
HI
IJ
Designation
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
1st-5th Floor
Dimension
W 14 x 99
W 14 x 99
W 14 x 99
W 14 x 99
W 14 x 99
W 14 x 99
W 18 x 192
W 18 x 192
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JK
KL
LM
MN
OP
PQ
QR
RS
ST
TU
VW
WX
XY
YZ
ZAA
AAAB
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 18 x 192
1st-5th Floor
W 14 x 99
1st-5th Floor
W 14 x 99
1st-5th Floor
W 14 x 99
1st-5th Floor
W 14 x 99
1st-5th Floor
W 14 x 99
1st-5th Floor
W 14 x 99
Table 4-2 Beam Sections
Columns
Column
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
Designation
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
2 - 5th Floor
Dimension
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 194
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 258
W 27 x 194
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W
2 - 5th Floor
W 27 x 194
X
2 - 5th Floor
W 27 x 194
Y
2 - 5th Floor
W 27 x 194
Z
2 - 5th Floor
W 27 x 194
AA
2 - 5th Floor
W 27 x 194
AB
2 - 5th Floor
W 27 x 194
nd
Table 4-3 Column Dimensions (2 -5th floor)
Column
Designation
Dimension
A
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
B
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
C
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
D
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
E
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
F
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
G
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
H
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
I
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
J
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
K
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
L
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
M
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
N
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
O
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
P
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
Q
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
R
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
S
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
T
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
U
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
V
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
W
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
X
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
Y
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
Z
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
AA
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
AB
Ground Floor
W 27 x 407
Table 4-4 Column Dimensions (Ground floor)
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Base Plate:
Column
Designation
Dimension of Pedestal
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
AA
AB
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
Ground Floor
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
490 mm x 930 mm
Dimension of Base Plate

490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
490
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
x 930 x 70 mm
# of bolts
along strong
axis
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
# of bolts
along
weak axis
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
1 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
2 bolt
Table 4-5 Schedule of Base Plate
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Load Specification
Primary loads applied in the structure:
DEAD LOADS:
TYPE OF LOADING
VALUE
CHB Wall (plaster on both sides )
2.30 kPa
Ceramic Finish ( Concrete Fill)
1.53 kPa
Ceiling Fiber Board (All Areas)
0.05 kPa
Plumbing and Electrical Layout
1.00 kPa
Metal lath gypsum plaster
1.00 kPa
Acoustical fiber board
0.05 kPa
Concrete Fill Finish
0.21 kPa
Partition Loads
1.00 kPa
Weight of slab
3.53 kPa
Total Dead Load
10.67 kPa
Table 4-6 Dead Load Specifications
Longitudinal Section
TYPE OF LOADING
Exterior Side of A & G
Weight of slab
TOTAL
VALUE
2.30 kPa
1.53 kPa
0.05 kPa
1.00 kPa
1.00 kPa
0.05 kPa
0.21 kPa
3.53 kPa
9.67 kPa
Interior Side of A & G

1.53 kPa
0.05 kPa
1.00 kPa
1.00 kPa
0.05 kPa
0.21 kPa
Weight of slab
3.53 kPa
TOTAL
7.37 kPa
Table 4-7 Longitudinal Section Dead Load
Transverse Section
26 | P a g e
TYPE OF LOADING
VALUE
Exterior Side of 1 & 4
2.30 kPa
Interior Side of 1 -4
Partition Loads
1.00 kPa
TOTAL
3.30 kPa
Table 4-8 Transverse Section Dead Load
LIVE LOADS:
TYPE OF LOADING
VALUE
Lobbies and Ground Floor Corridor
4.80 kPa
Corridor Above Ground Floor
3.80 kPa
Dining rooms and Restaurant
4.80 kPa
2nd- 5th floor Offices
2.40 kPa
Storage
6.00 kPa
Garages
1.90 kPa
TOTAL
23.7 kPa
Table 4-9 Live Load Specifications
Longitudinal Section
TYPE OF LOADING
Exterior Side of A G
Storage
TOTAL
VALUE
2.40 kPa
6.00 kPa
8.4 kPa
Interior Side of A G
Corridor Above Ground Floor
TOTAL
2.40 kPa
3.80 kPa
6.2 kPa
Exterior Side of A - G
2.40 kPa
TOTAL
2.40 kPa
Table 4-10 Longitudinal Section Live Load
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SPECIFICATIONS FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE

Occupancy Category
Importance Factor
IV, Standard occupancy

Iw = 1.00
Zone location
Zone 2
Seismic Zone Factor
Z = 0.2
Soil profile type
(SD stiff soil profile)
Seismic source type
Type B (All Faults other than type A and B)
Near source factor
Na = 1.00
Near source factor
Nv = 1.00
Seismic Coefficient
Ca = 0.28
Seismic Coefficient
Cv = 0.40
Type of resisting frame

Height of the structural frame
(SMRF) with R = 9.75

z = 16.3 meters
Table 4-11 Specifications for Seismic Analysis
SPECIFICATIONS FOR WIND LOAD ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE:

Site Location
Bacoor, Cavite
Zone location
Zone 2 (V=200kph), Exposure B (Case 2)
Importance Factor
Iw=1.00
Mean Roof Height
h = 17.05 m
Structural Type
Main Wind Force Resisting System
Wind Directionality Factor
Kd= 1.0
Gust Effect Factor
G= 0.85
Topographic Factor
Kzt = 1.0
Internal pressure coefficient
GCpi = 0.55
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficient For h = 17.05 meters Kz = 0.82
Table 4-12 Specifications for Wind Load Analysis
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Load Modeling in STAADPro.
Figure 4-7 Load Model for Wind Load
Figure 4-8 Load Model for Wind Load
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4.3. Structural Analysis

Frames
Figure 4-9 Loading Considering Frame 1 and Frame A
Figure 4-10 Loading Considering Frame 2 and Frame B
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Figure 4-11 Loading Considering Frame 3 and Frame C
Figure 4-12 Loading Considering Frame 4 and Frame G
31 | P a g e
Figure 4-13 shows the result of bending moment for Load Case 7 while Figure 4-14 shows the footing
reactions.
Figure 4-13 Bending Moment for Load Case 7
Figure 4-13 Footing Reactions
32 | P a g e
4.4. Cost Estimates

Cost and Labor Estimates
Built up Section
Php
9,601,056.00
Php
Php
8,675,340.44
Php
Php
350.00
Php
Php
18,328,896.44
Php
Table 4-13 Cost and Labor Estimates
Beams
Columns
Labor (per day)
TOTAL
Rolled Section
7,789,536.00
6,300,602.00
350.00
14,142,638.00
See Appendix B for the complete detail of estimate of Built up and Rolled Sections.
4.5. Constructability
WORK ELEMENT
Erection of steel
Beams (kg)
Columns (kg)
Welding (li m)
ROLLED SECTION
TOTAL
MAN-HOUR
UNIT
MAN-HOUR
PER UNIT
5 mhrs/ton
7 mhrs/ton
22 mhrs/30.38
lin.m.
BUILT-UP SHAPE
TOTAL
MAN-HOUR PER
UNIT
MAN-HOUR
UNIT
483320.4 3258.464842 5 mhrs/ton

483320.4 4561.850778 7 mhrs/ton
22mhrs/30.38
851.2
616.40553
lin.m.
8,436.72
494199.6 3331.810578
494199.6 4664.53481
966.3
699.7564187
8,696.10
Table 4-14 Duration Estimate
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Chapter 5 CONCLUSIONS
The designers considered more importantly the constraints including Economic Constraint and
Constructability. They chose between whether to use a built up section or rolled section. Built up steel
sections are comprised of other smaller members. Otherwise, rolled sections are formed into the shape
directly.
From the raw ranking estimate made by the designers, usage of rolled section won over the built
up section in considering economic and constructability constraints. Upon the analysis of the structure,
designing of structural members and cost estimation, the designers conclude that using a rolled section for
the structural members is more efficient since it costs less and at the same time, is not time consuming.
Thus, in general, the designers were able to design a 5- Storey Commercial Building that is in accordance
with the codes and standards included in the NSCP 2010 steel section.
34 | P a g e
REFERENCES:
Association of the Structural Engineers of the Philippines. (2010). National Structural Code of the
Philippines. Quezon City: Association of the Structural Engineers of the Philippines.
Otto, K. N., & Antonsson, E. K. (1991). Trade-off Strategies in Engineering Design. Researches in
Engineering Design, 3(2), 87 - 104.
Robles, C. (1995). National Building Code of the Philippines. Quezon City: Department of Public
Works and Highways.
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) Vol. 1-2010 edition (PD1096)
International Building Code (IBC 2012)
35 | P a g e
Appendix A: Codes
National Structural Code of the Philippines (NSCP) C101-10
A
A
Cb
Cm
D
E
Ec
Fa
Fbw
Fbt
Fc
Fex
Fu
Fu
Fy
I
Ix,Iy
J
K
L
L
L
L
Lb
Lc
MA
MB
M1
M2
N
Nb
P
Pn
Po
Column, cross-sectional area mm2

Total cross sectional area of member, mm2
Lateral-torsional buckling modification factor for non-uniform moment diagrams when both ends of
the unsupported segment are braced
Coefficient assuming no lateral translation of the frame
Chord diameter
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel = 200 000 MPa
Modulus of Elasticity of concrete =
, MPa
Available axial stress at the point of consideration, MPa
Available flexural Stress at the point of consideration about the major axis, MPa
Available flexural Stress at the point of consideration about the minor axis, MPa
Available stress, MPa
Elastic flexural buckling stress about the major axis, MPa
Specified minimum tensile strength of the type of steel being used, MPa
Specified minimum tensile strength of a stud shear connection, MPa
Specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used, MPa. As used in this specification,
yield stress denotes either the specified minimum yield point (for those steels that have the yield
point) or specified yield strength (for those steels that do not have the yield point).
Moment of Inertia in the place of bending, mm4
Moment of Inertia about the principal axes, mm4
Torsional constant, mm4
Effective length factor determined in accordance with Section 503
Storey height, mm
Length of the member, mm
Nominal occupancy live load
Span Length, mm
Length between points that either braced against lateral displacement of compression flange or
braced against twist of the cross section, mm
Clear distance, in the direction of the force, between the edge of the hole and the edge of the
adjacent hole or edge of the material, mm
Absolute value of moment at quarter point of the unbraced segment, N-mm
Absolute value of moment at centerline of the unbraced segment, N-mm
Smaller moment, calculated form a first-order analysis, at the ends of that portion of the member
unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mm
Larger moment, calculated from a first-order analysis, at the ends of that portion of the member
unbraced in the plane of bending under consideration, N-mm
Length of bearing (not less than k for end beam reactions), mm
Number of bolts carrying the applied tension
Pitch, mm per thread
Nominal axial strength, N
Nominal axial compressive strength without consideration of length effects, N
36 | P a g e
R
Seismic response modification coefficient
Ra
Required strength (ASD)
Sx, Sy Elastic section modulus taken about the principal axe, mm3
Section 501.3 Material
Section 501.3.1 Structural Steel Materials
Material test reports or reports of tests made by the fabricator or a testing laboratory shall constitute
sufficient evidence of conformity with one of the above test ASTM standards.
Section 501.4 Structural Design Drawings and Specifications
The design drawings and specifications shall meet the requirements in the Code of Standard Practice for
Steel Buildings and Bridges, except for deviations specifically identified in the design drawings and/or
specifications.
Section 502 Design Requirements
The general requirements for the analysis and design of steel structures that are applicable to all section of
the specification are given in this section.
Section 502.1 General Provisions
The design of members and connections shall be consistent with intended behavior of the framing system
and the assumptions made in the structural analysis. Unless restricted by the this code, lateral code
resistance and stability may be provided by any combination of members and connections.
Section 502. 2 Loads and Load Combinations
The loads and load combinations shall be as stipulated by this code. In the absence of a building code, the
loads and load combinations shall be those stipulated in SEI/ASCE 7. For design purposes, the nominal
loads shall be taken as the loads stipulated by this code.
For ASD designs, the load combinations in SEI/ASCE 7 Section 2.4, apply.
Section 502.3 Design Basis
Designs shall be made according to the provisions for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or to the
provisions for Allowable Strength Design (ASD).
Section 502.3.1 Required Strength
The required strength of structural members and connections shall be determined by structural analysis for
the appropriate load combinations as stipulated in Section 502.2
Section 502.3.4 Design for Strength Using Allowable Strength Design (ASD)
Design according to the provisions for Allowable Strength Design (ASD) satisfies the requirements of this
Specification when the allowable strength of each structural component equals or exceed the required
strength determined on the basis of the ASD load combinations. All provisions of this Specification, except
thos of Section 502.3.3, shall apply.
37 | P a g e
Design shall be performed in accordance with Equation 502.3-2:

Ra Rn/
Where:
Ra
Rn
Rn/
(502.3-2)
= required strength (ASD)

= nominal strength, specified in Section 502 through 511
= safety factor, specified in Section 502 through 511
= allowable strength
Section 502.3.6 Design of Connections

Connection elements shall be designed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 510 and 511. The
forces and deformations used in design shall be consistent with the intended performance of the
connection and the assumptions used in the structural analysis.
Section 502.3.6a Simple Connections
A simple connection transmits a negligible moment across the connection. In the analysis of the structure,
simple connections may be assumed to allow unrestrained relative rotation between the framing elements
being connected. A simple connection shall have sufficient rotation capacity to accommodate the required
rotation determined by the analysis of the structure. Inelastic rotation of the connection is permitted.
Section 502.3.6b Moment Connections
A moment connection transmits moment across the connection. Two types of moment connections, FR and
PR, are permitted, as specified below.
1. Fully Restrained (FR) Moment Connections
A fully restrained (FR) moment connection transfers moment with a negligible rotation between the
connected members. In the analysis of the structure, the connection may be assumed to allow no
relative rotation. An FR connection shall have the sufficient strength and stiffness to maintain the
angle between the connected members at the strength limit states.
2. Partially-Restrained (PR) Moment Connections
Partially-restrained (PR) moment connections transfer moments, but the rotation between
connected members is not negligible. In the analysis of the structure, the force-deformation
response characteristics of the connection shall be included. The response characteristics of a PR
connection shall be documented in the technical literature or established by analytical or
experimental means. The component elements of a PR connection shall have sufficient strength,
stiffness, and deformation capacity at the strength limit states.
Section 503 Stability Analysis and Design
This section addresses general requirements for the stability analysis and design of member and frames.
Section 503.1 Stability Design Requirements
Section 503.1.1 General Requirements
38 | P a g e
Stability shall be provided for the structure as a whole and for each of its elements. Any method that
considers the influence of second-order effects (including P- and P- effects), flexural, shear and axial
deformations, geometric imperfections, and member stiffness reduction due to residual stresses on the
stability of the structure and its elements is permitted. The methods prescribed in this section and Appendix
A-7, Direct Analysis Method, satisfy these requirements. All component and connection deformations that
contribute to the lateral displacements shall be considered in the stability analysis.
In structures designed by elastic analysis, individual member stability and stability of the structure as a
whole are provided jointly by:
1. Calculation of the required strengths for members, connections and other elements using one
of the methods specified in Section 503.2.2, and
2. Satisfaction of the member and connection design requirements in this specification based
upon those required strengths.
In structures designed by inelastic analysis, the provisions of Appendix A-1, Inelastic Analysis and Design,
shall be satisfied.
Section 503.1.3b Moment-Frame Systems

In frames where lateral stability is provided by the flexural stiffness of connected beams and columns, the
effective length factor K or elastic critical buckling stress, Fe, for columns and beam-columns shall be
determined as specified in Section 503.2
Section 503.2 Calculation of Required Strengths
Except as permitted in Section 503.2.2b, required strengths shall be determined using a second-order
analysis as specified in Section 503.2.1. Design by either second-order or first-order analysis shall meet the
requirements specified in Section 503.2.2
Section 503.2.2 Design Requirements
These requirements apply to all types of braced, moment, and combined framing systems. Where the ratio
of second-order drift to first-order drift is equal to or less than 1.5, the required strengths of members,
connections and other elements shall be determined by one of the methods specified in Section 503.2.2a
or 503.2.2b, or by the Direct Analysis Method of Appendix A-7. Where the ratio of second-order drift to firstorder drift is greater than 1.5, the required strengths shall be determined by the Direct Analysis Method of
Appendix A-7.
Section 503.2.2a Design by Second-Order Analysis
Where required strengths are determined by a second-order analysis:
1. The provisions of Section 503.2.1 shall be satisfied.
2. For design by ASD, analyses shall be carried out under 1.6 times the ASD load combinations and
the results shall be divided by 1.6 to obtain the required strengths.
3. All gravity-only load combinations shall be include a minimum lateral load applied at each level of
the structure of 0.002Yi, where Yi is the design gravity load applied at level I, N, This maximum
lateral load shall be considered independently in two orthogonal directions.
4. Where the ration of second-order drift to first-order drift is less than or equal to 1.1, members are
permitted to be designed using K=1.0. Otherwise, columns and beam-columns in moment frames
39 | P a g e
shall be design using a K factor or column buckling stress, Fe, determined from a sidesway
buckling analysis of the structure. Stiffness reduction adjustment due to column inelasticity is
permitted in the determination of the K factor. For braced frames, K for compression members shall
be taken as 1.0, unless structural analysis indicates a smaller value may be used.
Section 503.2.2b Design by First-Order Analysis
Required strengths are permitted to be determined by a first-order analysis, with all members designed
using K=1.0, provided that
1. The required compressive strengths of all members whose flexural stiffnesses are considered to
contribute to the lateral stability of the structure satisfy the following limitation:
Pl 0.5Py
(503.2-7)
Where: = 1.6 (ASD)
Pl
= required axial compressive strength under LRFD or ASD load combinations, N
Py
= member yield strength (=AFy), N.
2. All load combinations include an additional lateral load, Ni, applied in combination with other loads
at each level of the structure, where:
Ni = 2.1(/L) Yi 0.0042 Yi
(503.2-8)
Where:
Yi
= gravity load from the LRFD combination or 1.6 times the ASD load combination applied
at level i, N.
/L
= the maximum ration of to L for all stories in the structure
= first-order interstory drift due to the design loads, mm. Where varies over the plan area
of the structure, shall be the average drift weighted in proportion to vertical load or, alternatively,
the maximum drift.
L
= story height, mm.
3. The non-sway amplification of beam-column moments is considered by applying the B1amplifier of
Section 503.2.1 to the total member moments.
Section 504 Design of Members for Tension
This section applies to members subject to axial tension caused by static forces acting through the
centroidal axis.
Section 504.1 Slenderness Limitations
There is no maximum slenderness limit for design of members in tension.
Section 504.2 Tensile Strength
The design tensile strength, iPn, and the allowable tensile strength, Pniof tension members, shall be the
lower value obtained according to the limit states of tensile yielding in the gross section and tensile rupture
in the net section.
1. For tensile yielding in the gross section
Pn = FvAg
(504.2-1)
2. For tensile rupture in the net section;
Pn = FuAe
(504.2-2)
i= 2.00 (ASD)
40 | P a g e
Where:
Ae
Ag
Fv
Fu
= effective net area, mm2

= gross area of member, mm2
= specified minimum yield stress of the type of steel being used, MPa
= specified minimum tensile strength of the type of steel being used, MPa
When members without holes are fully connected by welds, the effective net area used in Equation 504.2-2
shall be defined in Section 504.3 When holes are present in a member with welded end connections, or not
at the welded connection in the case of plug or slot welds, the effective net area through the holes shall be
used in Equation 504.2-2.
Section 504.3 Area Determination
Section 504.3.1 Gross Area
The gross area, Ag, of a member is the total cross-sectional area.
Section 504.3.2 Net Area
The net area, An, of a member is the sum of the products of the thickness and the net width of each
elements computed.
Section 504.3.3 Effective Net Area
The effective area of tension members shall be determined as follows:
Ae = An U
(504.3-1)
Where U, the shear lag factor, is determined as shown in Table 504.3-1.
Members such as single angles, double angles, and WT sections shall have connections proportioned such
that U is equal to or greater than 0.60. Alternatively, a lesser value of U is permitted if these tension
members are designed for the effect of eccentricity in accordance with 508.1.2 or 508.2.
Section 505 Design of Members for Compression
This section addresses members subject to axial compression through the centroidal axis.
The design compressive strength, cPn, and the allowable compressive strength, Pn/c, are determined as
follows:
The nominal compressive strength, Pn+, shall be the lowest value obtained according to the limit states of
flexural buckling, torsional buckling and flexural-torsional buckling.
1. For doubly symmetric and singly symmetric members the limit state of flexural buckling is
applicable.
2. For singly symmetric and unsymmetric members, and certain doubly symmetric members, such as
cruciform or built-up columns, the limit states of torsional or flexural-torsional buckling are also
applicable.
c= 1.67 (ASD)
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Section 505.2 Slenderness Limitations and Effective Length

The effective length factor, K for calculation of column slenderness, KL/r, shall be determined in
accordance with section 503.
Where:
L
= laterally unbraced length of the member, m
r
= governing radius of gyration, mm
K
= the effective length factor determined in accordance with Section 503.2
User Note: For members designed on the basis of compression, the slenderness ratio KL/r preferably
should not exceed 200.
Section 505.3 Compressive Strength for Flexural Buckling of Members without Slender Elements
This section applies to compression members with compact and noncompact sections, as defined in
Section 502.4, for uniformly compressed elements.
User Note: When the torsional unbraced length is larger than the lateral unbraced length, this section may
control the design of wide flange and similarly shaped columns.
Section 505. 7 Members with Slender Elements
This section applies to compression members with slender sections, as defined in Section 502.4 for
uniformly compressed elements.
The nominal compressive strength, Pn, shall be determined based on the limit states of flexural, torsional
and flexural-torsional buckling.
Section 506 Design of Members for Flexure
This section applies to members subject to simple bending about one principal axis. For simple bending,
the member is loaded in a plane parallel to a principal axis that passes through the shear center or is
restrained against twisting at load points and supports.
The design flexural strength, bMn, and the allowable flexural strength, Mn/b, shall be determined as
follows:
1. For all provisions in this Section
b = 1.67 (ASD)
and the nominal flexural strength, Mn, shall be determined according to Sections 506.2 through 506.12.
2. The provisions in this Section are based on the assumption that points of support for beams and
girders are restrained against rotation about their longitudinal axis.
Section 507 Design of Members for Shear
This section addresses webs of singly or doubly symmetric members subject to shear in the plane of the
web, single angles and HSS sections, and shear in the weak direction of singly or doubly symmetric
shapes.
42 | P a g e

Two methods of calculating shear strength are presented below. The method presented in Section 507.2
does not utilize the post buckling strength of the member (tension field action). The method presented in
Section 507.3 utilizes tension field action. The design shear strength, vVn, and the allowable shear
strength, Vn/v, shall be determined as follows.
For all provisions in this section except Section 507.2.1a:
v = 1.67 (ASD)
Section 509 Design of Composite Members
This section addresses composite columns composed of rolled or built-up structural steel shapes or HSS,
and structural concrete acting together, and steel beams supporting a reinforced concrete slab so
interconnected that the beams and the slab act together to resist bending. Simple and continuous
composite beams with shear connectors and concrete-encased beams, constructed with or without
temporary shores, are included.
In determining load effects in members and connections of a structure that includes composite members,
consideration shall be given to the effective sections at the time each increment of load is applied. The
design, detailing and material properties related to the concrete and reinforcing steel portions of composite
construction shall comply with the reinforced concrete and reinforcing bar design specifications stipulated
by this code. In the absence of a building code, the provisions in Chapter 4 shall apply.
Section 509.1.1 Nominal Strength of Composite Sections
Two methods are provided for determining the nominal strength of composite sections: the plastic stress
distribution method and the strain-compatibility method. The tensile strength of the concrete shall be
neglected in the determination of the nominal strength of composite members.
Section 509.1.3 Shear Connectors
Shear connectors shall be headed steel studs not less than four stud diameters in length after installation,
or hot-rolled steel channels. Shear stud design values shall be taken as per Sections 509.2.1g and
509.3.2d (2). Stud connectors shall conform to the requirements of Section 501.3.6. Channel connectors
shall conform to the requirements of Section 501.3.1
Section 510 Design of Connections
This section addresses connecting elements, connectors, and the affected elements of the connected
members not subject to fatigue loads.
Section 510.1.1 Design Basis
The design strength, Rn, and the allowable strength Rn/ of connections shall be determined in
accordance with the provisions of this Section and the provisions of Section 502.
The required strength of the connections shall be determined by structural analysis for the specified design
loads, consistent with the type of construction specified, or shall be a proportion of the required strength of
the connected members when so specified herein.
43 | P a g e
Where the gravity axes of intersecting axially loaded members do not intersect at one point, the effects of
eccentricity shall be considered.
Section 510.1.2 Simple Connections
Simple connections of beams, girders, or trusses shall be designed as flexible and are permitted to be
proportioned for the reaction shears only, except as otherwise indicated in the design documents. Flexible
beam connections shall accommodate end rotations of simple beams. Some inelastic, but self-limiting
deformation in the connection is permitted to accommodate the end rotation of a simple beam.
Section 510.1.13 Moment Connections
End connections of restrained beams, girders, and trusses shall be designed for the combined effect of
forces resulting from moment and shear induced by the rigidity of the connections. Response criteria for
moment connections are provided in Section 502.3.6b.
Section 510.1.10 Limitations on Bolted and Welded Connections
Pretensioned joints, slip-critical joints or welds shall be used for the following connections:
1. Column splices in all multi-story structures over 38 m in height.
2. Connections of all beams and girders to columns and any other beams and girders on which the
bracing of columns is dependent in structures over 38 m in height.
3. In all structures carrying cranes of over 50 kN capacity: roof truss splices and connections of
trusses to columns, column splices, column bracing, knee braces and crane supports.
4. Connections for the support of machinery and other live loads that produce impact or reversal of
load
Section 510. 2 Welds
All provisions of WS D1.1 apply under this Specification, with the exception that the provisions of the listed
NSCP Specification Sections apply under this Specification in lieu of the cited AWS provisions as follows:
NSCP Steel and Metals Section 510.1.6 in lieu of AWS D1.1 Section 5.17.1
NSCP Steel and Metals Section 510.2.2a in lieu of AWS D1.1 Section 2.3.2
NSCP Steel and Metals Table 510.2.2 in lieu of AWS D1.1 Table 2.1
NSCP Steel and Metals Table 510.2.5 in lieu of AWS D1.1 Table 2.3
NSCP Steel and Metals Appendix A-3, Table A-3.1 in lieu of AWS D1.1 Table 2.4
NSCP Steel and Metals Section 502.3.9 and Appendix A-3 in lieu of AWS D1.1 Section 2, Part C
NSCP Steel and Metals Section 513.2 in lieu of AWS D1.1 Sections 5.15.4.3 and 5.15.4.4
44 | P a g e
Appendix B: Estimate of Built up Section and Rolled Section
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Appendix C: Manual Computation of Design of Purlins
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Appendix D: Manual Computation for Truss Design
51 | P a g e
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Appendix E: Moment Distribution Method
55 | P a g e
56 | P a g e
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Appendix F: Manual Computation of Beam
58 | P a g e
59 | P a g e
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Appendix G: Manual Computation of Column
61 | P a g e
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Appendix H: Design of Welded Connection for Beams
63 | P a g e
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Appendix I: Design of Welded Connection for Columns
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Appendix K: Design of Base Plate
67 | P a g e
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Appendix J: Raw Designer Ranking Computation
Economic Criteria
Overall Estimated Costs
Section
Price (Php)
Rolled Section
Built-up shape
Total Savings (Php)
1,382,820.5
Let X be the Ranking
Solution:
)(
[(
)]
For Rolled Section:

[
)(
For Built-up shape:

)]
)(
)]
Section
Rolled Section
Built up Shape
)(
)]
)(
)]
0.38564
-4.54111612
69 | P a g e
Constructability
Overall EstimatedManhour
Section
Manhour
8,436.72
Rolled Section
8,696.10
Built-up shape
difference
259.38
Let X be the Ranking
Solution:
)(
[(
)]
For Rolled Section:

[
)(
For Built-up shape:

)]
)(
)]
Section
Rolled Section
Built up Shape
)(
)]
)(
)]
4.307442491
4.29827233
70 | P a g e
Appendix K: STAAD Pro License
71 | P a g e

Steel Design Manuscript 10-8-13

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Design of 5-Storey Commercial Building

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Design of 5-Storey Commercial Building ....................................................................................................... 1

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Table 3-1 Raw Designer Rankings* ............................................................................................................. 16

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 1-1 Perspective View of the Structure

The Site of Proposed Project

Figure 1-2 Satellite Image of the Site

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

1.3 Project Objectives

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Chapter 2 DESIGN INPUTS

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 2-1 Rear Side View

Figure 2-2 Front Side View

Figure 2-3 Left Side and Right Side View

Figure 2-4 Groud Floor Plan

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 2-5 Second Floor Plan

Figure 2-6 Third Floor Plan

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 2-7 Fourth Floor Plan

Figure 2-8 Fifth Floor Plan

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 2-9 Truss Details

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Chapter 3 CONSTRAINTS AND TRADE-OFFS

Ability to satisfy the criterion

Built up Section vs. Rolled Section

Table 3-1 Raw Designer Rankings*

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Built up steel sections are

Theres a lot of structures are

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Built up steel sections are

It is cheaper and lighter. It is

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Chapter 4 DESIGN OF STRUCTURE

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 4-2 Whole Structure Model

Framing Plan Models

Figure 4-3 Foundation Framing Plan

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 4-5 Typical Second to Fifth Floor Slab

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Figure 4-6 First Floor Beam and Column Members

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Dimension of Base Plate

Table 4-5 Schedule of Base Plate

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

Interior Side of A & G

Design of Five(5) Storey Commercial Building

SPECIFICATIONS FOR SEISMIC ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE

IV, Standard occupancy

Seismic Zone Factor

Soil profile type

(SD stiff soil profile)

Seismic source type

Type B (All Faults other than type A and B)

Near source factor

Near source factor