Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
FORUM
FOR-
FOR
REMEDY
THE
Baron
Emperor
be done
to
for
only at
no
in
the
period when
organizationof
ought
was
this
its realization
seemed
said of it.
yet
Insensible
themselves
that
they
doctrine,that the
expenses,
the
can
more
it
stronger
neglectsits
natural
with
capital,
to
be
no
of
when
moment
an
they
the
is; they
accepted,as
that
assert
the
the
which
war
no
assault of external
internal rebellion.
no
They
pay
and whose
comprehends.
relations in the
*
The9e
attention
to
patriotic
tive
unproduc-
the
more
one
movement
spected;
re-
of
desires,the
competitionand
the
new
facts which
oughly
full importance publicopinionthornew
facts have
political
system
Translated
are
flatter
it will be
more
it checks
more
to
they
they
masses,
tarred
have
resources,
view
it
modern
the
among
cause
speak and
unpopularity which
tremendous
the
to
accumulatingagainstthemselves
men
facts
begin to hope.
to
country
impossible?
the progress
the
they despairat
tioned
men-
of their armaments;
them
shows
remedy
Governments
increase
the
peace,
union
anarchy; European
anything except
experienceof
nothing
is,European union
that
contradiction
confidence
the
derisive
less
apply it :
is
it; there
reconciliation.
what
that it appears
Now
Constant
found
European
Franco-German
Through
PEACE*
de
once
to
except
substituted
by
ARMED
d'Estournelles
German
THE
cemented
JULY IQU
bv
M*rv
ns
modified
profoundlya*
J. Safford.
internatfeem,
FORUM
THE
within
system. Twice
ten
them
transformed
aviation,have
electricity,
years
in the economic
It was
of all the Governments.
destined
representatives
tested agreements.
The
to fail;yet it led twice to practical,
Hague Tribunal has been created;ithas performedits functions
and more
to the satisfaction of all;it operates more
frequently
united
as
well
as
it
has
Each
of these beneficent
one
proofsin
should have
been
family,as
stage passed,bringingmankind
regarded in
every
and
interestin the
no;
from
distinctly
more
witness the
the
among
For what
They
as
it stands
out
more
Governments
masses;
are
the final
and
what threats,
what
impatience,
which
upon
new
to
nearer
school and
ardent desires.
objectdiminishes
awakening of
the progress of
of the matter.
favor of arbitration
country, every
have
waitinguntil
the
rebellions?
become
the
believe
fact;but
at
of such
miracle:
same
time
reconciliation
Franco-German
theyrefuse
to
accomplished
in the possibility
an
for whose
is waiting
to breathe
and Germany,
freely
again.
potence;
Alsace-Lorraine,
the cost of this two-fold imas usual,pays
she complains,and her protestations
draw from one
side
sympathy,from
The
incident
slightest
to
suspicions
arouses
humanityshould
a
sky that has
created only the
have
her
detriment;
greetedwith
aviation,which all
enthusiasm,under
even
the
same
discovery
magnificent
between Paris and
wretched irritability
this
even
frontiers,
no
PEACE
ARMED
FOR
REMEDY
THE
most
Berlin.
and in default of
last;blindness has itslimits,
here as
Governments, it will be necessary that privateinitiative,
All this cannot
placein
the forefront
ciliation,
recon-
the
elsewhere,should undertake
and
venture
the condition of
world-peace.
what I had on my
I have said in Berlin and have published
this subject.I have said that between France
heart concerning
and Germany revenge was
to be desired than forgetfulno
more
not being a solution;forgetfulness
being neither
ness;
revenge
of a single
conscience sufficing
to
the plaint
nor
lasting,
possible
end it.
Is there
no
issue between
these
absolute limits?
two
Must
we
last.
Each
makes
one
up
dangersthat
each
inwardlysays :
understanding!What
and
of all
to
civilization!
"
a
"
thinkingpeoplein
is
of
mind, even
progress
What
This
state
France
or
pitythat
pity! What
and
in
not
be
could
we
loss
of mind
will follow.
thoughit may
that is very
it,and, havingdone
threaten
to
not
the
to
come
two
tries
coun-
is the present
Germany;
But
these alone
meanwhile, this
is progress.
noticed,
littleapparent, upon
state
which
It
Govern-
THE
4
racnts
take
cannot
but it is
must
action,and which sceptics
test,
ignoreor congreat advance,it is the beginningof the mutual
self-examination that
prelude. Each
much
to
as
than
the
and
nations feel
element
harmony
other;perhapsit is even
France.
to
must
the world.
progress
FORUM
She
the
to
For
contributes
and
more
to
one
many
Ger-
to
necessary
as
is
sures
peacefulshe reasto the general
efficaciously
organizationof
interest in her
an
is necessary;
France
when
It is the
peace;
therefore
all the
of the
of all. Germany,
prosperity
the contrary, however peacefulthe Emperor, his Government,
on
and the majorityof the people certainly
the
none
are, appears
less the modern
hot-bed,the high school of militarism. There
an
is no
who
one
guarantee
does
not
not
people,who, like
own
also claim
for
security
ours,
know
what
war
costs,
the future.
this need
disregards
Assuming that the German Government
for the benefit of socialism
of security,
itwill work againstitself,
rectly
that socialism may be indiand anarchy. No one to-daydisputes
one
tional
In every civilized country men
no
longer accept the tradiidea of inevitable and fruitfulwars;
everywherepeopleare
beginningto
to
that the
majorityof
wars
have
nated
origi-
or
understand
calm
personalor
them
and
But
create
that
is over,
period,happily,
and
am
quirements.
re-
very
FOR
REMEDY
THE
ARMED
PEACE
wars
in the
it is necessary to organize,even
and right.
schools,in the interest of fatherland,
liberty,
organizedand which
of
with the certainty
affirm,
believes much
more
of
witness who
terested
Frenchmen, who nevertheless are disinlike Paul Deroulede, the policyof reand estimable,
venge
small number
very
and
and
their
has
war
even
no
of
one
among
as I should do myselfand
lives,
if the German
affirm that
no
army,
as
all my
familywould do,
I
pretext, should attack France.
will be able to induce France to attack
on
any
Government
The
himself headed
at
San Stefano.
in
1878
That
at
Berlin
is not
to
all;this useless
war,
cause
ago
"
"
more
now
enlightened
with
of
no
other
all,would
fortyyears
than
Republicin
France
would
be menaced
by
return
of
THE
FORUM
Caesarian reaction;would
turn
revolt in the
The
who
man
Germany
could be
It will be
the German
in its
monarchy escape
oppositedirection?
would
dare
only a
kindle
to
fool
or
objectedthat France
between
war
France and
madman.
be swept away.
may
That
is
error.
an
The
permitthe
cordial
Machiavellian
solutions of
but
understandings;
and
most
secret
in
even
spiteof
the
most
could
our
more
of the contrary
who, though
inhabitants,
not
numerous,
programme
of
all the
are
economical,agricultural
of
protection
our
amicable
international relations :
own
journalscry
every
"
pro
and
crises,
Finis Gallia!
But Ger-
morning:
ARMED
and
strikes,
her
too, has
many,
FOR
REMEDY
THE
for
as
PEACE
France, we
do
not
tinue
con-
than
While
with
our
common
ours,
may
envy
us.
in the country
regarded as
of the
one
most
warlike in the
now
in
placesnaturally
the
of
preoccupations
publicopinion.
It is useless
to
say in
said in France:
as we
question,7'
Free
minds
they establish
insurmountable
"
Germany:
do
There
is no
raine
Alsace-Lor-
There
is no
fair."
Dreyfus af-
"
conceal from
not
the
separating
two
the truth;
themselves
remained
has
when
countries,
the
it could,
This
and
therefore
no
one
to
in the
can
prevent individualthought,
energy, and
that it should
have
mere
of the moral
cares
of the
will
rightly
presented,
is
once
not
power
be
two
been
not
forefront,
the
countries,
alreadya great
in the world
which
the
insoluble;
of the official,
but
declared
mere
advance.
fact that it is
And
there
thus
and obtrudingitself,
the problem of a
as
presenting
precisely
Court of Arbitration presenteditself,
though people laughed
at the idea;and as the problem of the limitation of armaments
now
by
thoughpeoplepretendto be exasperated
presents itself,
it. It is a matter
simplyof the irresistibleforce of circumstances.
THE
from
if not
two
me
FORUM
Government
and though I
countries,
less uneasy
There
opened,from
be
once
than
the
to
science,
con-
the
Government, between
to
will be unreasonableness
of course;
conscience
and intolerance
both sides,
on
there is no
countries,
as
all their
of
and reason
to solve the problem
patriotism
and fairly,
ist
the belief that only socialand not to justify
sensibly
for us the remedy which the middle
can
levelling
procure
classes have given up as hopeless.
resources
All this is
because
crucial,
and
time, but
problems,beginningwith that of
be juggledwith
other difficultiesmay
these
will understand
fightor
onlytemporary expedients.A
are
to
agreement.
yieldto
must
What
constitute
of ideas and
the
no
not
come
child
wish
to
an
longer they
And
them.
if,
it will
good
evidence,so much
cost
sense,
the
Governments
worse
for them;
lack of
will appear
render
accounts
have you
done
our
for
that the
appeals.
and their
unproductiveexpenditures
demands
They
more
do
will
and
general progress
not
themselves,they must
the
delaytheir reconciliation,
alone do
ments;
arma-
suppressed.
not
Dilatorymeasures
in the
problem
depend
to
the Alsace-Lorraine
on
no
resistance
but
longerdisconcerting,
to
cial
so-
monstrous.
I
with these thousands
interest
our
of millions which
children will have
will
the peoplewill ask. The Governments
indefinitely?
the ports;
vainlyshow their armadas of Dreadnoughts filling
to
pay
FOR
REMEDY
THE
PEACE
ARMED
warn
with my friends,
to
order,firstof all,I have tried,
the Governments, that of France like the rest.
Our voices
have
been drowned
of
man
by
forgingsteel
piercedby cannon
constantly
under the tempest of
plates,
made thicker,
and
platesconstantly
that ever
larger. All these
grow
popularwrath, will not have the resistance of a sheet of paper
of States might have signed;but theyweigh on
that two Heads
mankind
the less as an insupportable
burden.
The
none
day
will
when rebellion bursts forth,the antagonismof Governments
be nothingin comparisonwith the real antagonismtheywill have
ernments
preparedagainstthemselves,the antagonismbetween the Govand the people.
The
Governments
can
stillchoose between
reconciliation and
the chasm;
they can
the Head
but
theycan no longeranticipate
popularaspirations,
respondto them, and this would be for the Sovereign,
of
in history.
glorypeerless
It is humiliating
human
to our
that,in the
dignity
tive,
initia-
an
this
presence
of
two
choose between
not
fame
and failure.
[A supplementaryletter from
Constant
To
is
given here,as
the Editor
Dear
I
of The
completesthe
d'Estournelles
article.
"
de
Editor.]
Forum:
Sir:
my
it
Baron
are
publishingin The
for Armed
Peace."
This
Forum
article,
THE
io
indeed,
written
was
but
United
and
world
to
all
has
But
favor
be
must
like
fact,
I
convinced
countries
my
least,
article
will
of
situation
whole
is
new
essential
arbitration
"
stops
this
all
able
the
reach,
to
is
the
last
title
greatest
shall
of
America
when
and
in
Franco-
the
honorable
become
the
to
sions,
conces-
accomplished
an
to
so
all
coming
should
to
necessary
public
is
thanks
and
as
of
prosperity
of
work
international
of
that
effective
That
enlightened
cause
the
by
efforts
the
fully
Governments.
so
the
posterity.
reconciliation,
as
be
must
be
of
peace
her
perhaps
the
reconciliation.
world
the
the
crowned
mutual
sides,
that
already
great
It
of
as
be
only
both
concerned,
opinion,
the
the
of
of
through
to
be
ernments;
Gov-
Already
to
direction,
that
Franco-British
the
am
peace
at
realized
will
acceptable
another.
service
will
Taft,
reconciliation,
German
this
European
to
one
on
gratitude
arbitration
of
in
and
reference
immense
President
of
it
depend
rendered
admiration
the
especial
initiative
her
proposition
with
we
States
FORUM
opinion
I
why
am
passionately
that
happy
American
you,
two
much,
as
public
devoted
to
justice.
realize
the
and
only
closer,
true
the
facts:
Franco-German
way."
(Signed)
the
the
d'Estournelles
de
Constant.
the
tory
vic-
ANYTHING
IS THERE
Edwin
"
is that which
is done
"
Bjorkman
and
shall be done:
there is
no
new
patience
generationa growing imwith the life-conception
that makes out of fate
feet but a millstone
under
not
our
a
stepping-stone
inclined to challenge
More
necks.
and more
our
we
are
is in
THERE
around
time and
own
our
learn
may
as
concerninglife and
future,must
the remarkable
on
advance
Arid what
in
of
substance
The
moment
us
and
the
higher truth
knowledge made duringthe
later and
and
himself.
is
based
SUN?
Ecclesiastes.
the sun."
thingunder
what
THE
thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that
The
which
UNDER
NEW
wider
is this more
and
recent
ness
recognition gainingdailyin strengthand clearof life as endless change, as a never-endingrebirth on
far-visioned planes,as an
eternal upward
brighterand more
climb from darkness to light,
ated
from hatred to love, from infurislaveryto self-surrender in freedom?
but
analysis
"
"
"
That
which is crooked
the Preacher.
And
cannot
cried:
the Buddha
declared
straight,"
be made
"
disease.
reason
Its
nature
it seemed
to
was
them
stillhidden
a
from
blow struck
them.
at man
And
from
for this
without
"
ii
THE
12
FORUM
bility,
bringing
good no less than evil,and with equalinevitait was
to them.
whollyforeign
To us of the present day,helpedin our vision by the telescope,
the microscope,
the spectroscope, and a thousand other
modern
disease is always the logicaleffect of asinventions,
certainable
As
law
With
causes.
realize it as
hint from
life of
removed, we
awe
committed.
error
are
And
able
in
so
to
far
succeed
the blind
we
deemed
in
is littlemore
fatal
than
must
be
And
have
come
we
thought of rather
understand
to
More
accidental.
as
learningthat the
be pictured
as
a straight
series of wideningcircles.
spreadingringsof effectmay
with the tinycausal pointat their centre.
such subtle
knowledge,we are establishing
those between
tremendous
scope of those
as
more
also
are
how
and
in
prove
Acting
and
under-nourishment
comparison
on
this
new
nections
confar-reaching
and
crime,between
has already
and insanity.The surgeon'sscalpel
over-feeding
victims not
of life's supposedlyhelpless
than one
helpedmore
while the
only to see and hear, but to feel and think straight;
and the exercises of the physical
dietaryof the practitioner
trainer are turninghuman
rag-heapsinto full-brained and fullbrawned
There
struck
and
men
so
it. Our
is,of
women.
course,
deeplyin the
means
some
stillas
are
cannot
we
as
core
of
defeat.
we
line of
some
propose
And
to
with
descent,there
as
much
we
to
over
prevail
eat
itselfinto the
porary
acknowledgetem-
we
kindness
eliminate what
roots
yet
its
our
rapidlyexpanding. Where
this,they are
that has
crookedness
as
cannot
our
set
purpose
mits,
per-
right. The
UNDER
NEW
ANYTHING
THE
SUN?
13
a justcause
parts thus affectedmay suffer they have certainly
But whose is the fault? Their own?
Or life's?
for complaint.
"
each of
to
unequivocally
questions.The fault must then lie with somebody or
that is smaller than life and largerthan individual
No,
that means,
merely
not
We
"
in
are,
of these
one
fact,parts of
have
may
thing
someman:
we
are
largerwhole.
many
to
of life'simmutable
some
For
we
those
science
modern
answers
laws.
so
No
"
traceable
and
cause
in almost every
And
case
For
the
the life he
uses
pessimist
with its
sees,
for
as
excuse
an
shortcomings,
while he is aiming futile arrows
at
to
he said:
"
What
the human
in mind
had
be awakened
is to
requires
race
thus
that which
many
remedy
for
its woes."
But evolution
who
wrote:
With
undreamt
was
"
He
that increaseth
the other
us, on
pool which
longerdo
mirrors heaven
Before
suming
hand, evolution is a fact that is as-
predominancein
behold existence
we
of in the
on
as
our
a
its surface,to be
decaythat
our
but which
sure,
is inseparable
from
comprehension
stagnant pool" a
by
like
absence
mighty,
stillso
are
lately
us
into
on
such
argu-
FORUM
THE
i4
mcnts
as
different terms.
We
filled as
with
by
veins,we
down
lead
but
longerdeny that life moves
handed
and superstitions
prejudices
can
no
the
"
our
are
forward.
us
are
we
wholly
two
are
But when
Galileo is needed.
new
must,
he will
burnt
at
have
not
to
cry
loud
so
he
will he be
long,nor
so
or
The
vision of truth.
he
come
as
comes,
is
race
rightman, it will
ringout from poleto pole,until the whole globeis set trembling
The world, the universe,life,
with the triumph of its message.
ready for
him.
The
moves
everything,
man,
what
Preacher
The
of
Jerusalemwas
and
possessions,
have
others before
within
builded
and orchards
Much
'me"
he made
that
brought was
be counted
than
other
many
own
and
they enjoymost
they ordain
not
mouth:
me
...
gardens
I gathered
things
"
are
and
men
worldly
the
Note
self
him-
on
happinessthey
to-daywho may not
the
who
and
wise,
yet know
vineyardsand gardens
most
completelyare those
and
houses
but
for others.
made
Here,
simplya
of all time.
But let us
in
as
child of his
get
nearer
plaint.
dieth the wise man?"
night.
"
the
"I
was
item
new
might lie
Jerusalem."
"
and
securely
we
things,
day, and
"And
he got
for themselves
not
in
me
never
tells us;
and maidens
So I
...
There
more
thing that
one
I
vineyards;
worm-eaten.
"
great works/' he
before
and much
of
estate,"
disappointing as
great
servants
me
gold
were
The
was
me
accompanies each
he did and
even
made
I got
...
more
him
to
houses; I plantedme
me
me
after him.
and
"I
himself.
"
of
man
occurred
have
to
seems
same.
the
solid
the
by
wherever
and
"
remain
is cannot
raised
once
cry
To
which the
As the fool.
Therefore
answer
out
I hated life."
of his
rounding
surown
UNDER
NEW
ANYTHING
it has
This is probablyto-day,
as
fear of death
of all. The
black thread
"
literature!
while!
"
Woe
Christ
2,000
or
death !
And
be
more.
to
and
fear
the Buddha
into
men
to
astoundedly
pressure
guidesthe
of that
verse.
uni-
whole
well,let us read
on
once
sun:
"
kind
man-
find
we
before
offered
vainlyto goad
us,
moves
little
the fear of
from
carries and
years
who
the
Live, the joy of living,
to
And
4,000
"
always there:
tried
what
the Will
"
it is
whom
"
out.
the Indies
"
both of
Schopenhauer,
the inevitable
forestalling
Schopenhauer's
againsthis own
and
like
runs
the heart of
from
ever
spair
de-
worst
man,
resentment
same
"
takingits cue
But
at
after
years
this motive
15
an
And
SUN?
alwaysbeen, the
how
"
the life of
upon
THE
the
man
me."
There's
the rub !
"
the other.
Yet
the
not
who
men
going of
coming of
led by
counted wise
not
men
insight,
by impulserather than
were
one,
but the
"
"
"
and
more
our
own
and
we
have
grown
limited hour.
of
The
to
and
feelings
race
are
of
takingmore
and
our
cares
"
"
in time and
space.
not
departedfrom
us.
Why
not?
THE
Let
and
read
us
"
FORUM
For there is a
on.
whose
man
in
labored
to
this
to
pass
man
labor is in wisdom,
that hath
man
portion. This
"
"
portion
great
that,without reference
to
Instead
of what
that, if
ever
so
foundations,and
trust
hundred
other
into our
social life.
woven
becoming inextricably
of sighing
to remain here as custodians
over
our
inability
have brought together,we
are
we
coming to realize
we
near
handlingbe
we
leave
portion not
our
of kin
"
but
to
to
all men,
this
then
man
we
or
may
that
"
he
be
wisdom
not
and
"
swallow
our
in
Utopias;through
are
comes
Socialist
heritanc
in-
and
"
that
should
his
knowledge or equity.The
acknowledged indirectlythrough taxation of incomes
ways
also is
wisdom,
evil of such descent is alreadybeing
or
the institution of
not
does
not
readilynor
accompany
gracefully
"
our
own.
It
ders
shoulacknowledge it: when our own
taken from under it,the world will not drop !
are
led on to see that when
are
Guided, as always,
we
by science,
own
path beginsto slopedownward, it is onlyin order that
hard, but
there may
be
we
room
must
and
energy
"
"
THE
FORUM
has developedhistorically,
And as Christianity
it
Christianity.
is simplysystematized
individualism based on a pessimistic
terpreta
inof our present life. But by givinghim a foothold
outside of this world
however
imaginary it has enabled man
himself free from the tyrannical
to wrench
sway exercised over
him by the social group to which he belonged.
littlemore
than an atom
in the social
man
was
Previously
of the coral
molecule,a polyp doomed to helpin the upbuilding
reef of the cityor the state.
The
change brought about by
and other cooperating
forces must
be pictured
not
Christianity
as
a
degeneration,
although,like most deaths that bring new
life,it proved so painfulthat its pangs are not yet outlived.
"
Such
change
"
needed
was
development, life
it could without the added impetus
individual variation.
ity.
to flexibilEvolutionaryprogress runs always from stability
of
At firstlife seeks mainlyto establish itself,
to make
sure
it reits own
and for this fundamental
quires
preservation,
purpose
than
order.
But no sooner
does life seem
secure
chiefly
essential aim. And
it turns to perfection
its higherand more
as
thence
it demands
onward
greater and
greater degree of
and more
while order is more
is,of flexibility
taken for granted. Conformation
precedes variation as life's
progress
that
"
"
and
principal
requisite:
nurses
the foremost
as
Individualism
whatever
virtue
for this
qualityto
and
struggle and
"
become
assert
to
"
take
righton
the
once
subordinate
conscious of
creatures.
ity
else greater variabileverything
unit,togetherwith a growingchance
itself againstthe resistance of tradition
Conformation,
custom.
is made
quality,
in its
above
means
on
it
requires,
particularly
life
most
place,but
For
his part
not
desirable
without
the individual,
having
to
what
dom,
he calls free-
ing
impatiently
againstany and every restriction. Havhis own
between
felt and seen
the opposition
identityand
with anything
allthe rest of the universe,
he will not rest satisfied
self over
else,until
less than the spreading
of his own
everything
turns
the whole
Mine.
universe may
be
spoken of in
terms
of I and Me
and
UNDER
NEW
ANYTHING
to
THE
its utmost
SUN?
19
consequence^-and
it
such
"
"
stop.
ever
that it rises to
we
may
on
true
nay, must
"
assume
had to be superstability
seded
u
nconsciousness.
supersedes
"
stillhigherplane. As
consciousness
so
by flexibility,
instinctivestruggle
for the boundless
From
race,
Instead
passes
onward
own
open-eyedrecognition
between
relationship
the other
to
assertion of his
race;
hand, becomes
aware
increasingly
its own
vanguard.
while the
of the part
this
When
"
THE
20
air."
FORUM
Call it socialism,
mutualism,solidarism,
anythingyou
heart it is goingto
care
surrender on
justthis : a voluntary
the part of the individual self,
whereby it will be assured of all
it needs and wants
the freedom
within the limits of a larger
at
"
mean
self.
One
a
quotation the
more
season,
and
time
to
So there is,indeed.
gave
as
foremost
forgot to include
keen
last
"
But he who
"
time
time
to
and
be
to
"
alwaysprecedesdescent,we
the order of these
that descent
kind.
two
might prove
wrote
to
To
under
purpose
every
instance
"
"
one:
be
our
time
our
to
time
die,"
In
grow."
limited vision
"
our
ascent
the
of
to the end,
just after birth and decreases steadily
so
that
we
of our projection
into
dyingfrom the moment
life. This ingenious
argument does not reckon with the fact
of the course
that the earlier growth is largely
a recapitulation
ground into life by our innumerable forebears,while our later
the one littlestep
to be our
to mark
own
growth is more
likely
that we personally
able to add unto
all those taken by the
are
multitudes that have precededus.
And it is this one
vast
new
step, this final venturinginto the regionsof stillunshaped life,
that takes the greatest capacity
for growth and the greatest expenditure
may
be said
to
that
possibility
might, perhaps,be reversible;
processes
the heaven."
born, and
is
have overlooked
ascent
there
everything
to
be
"
of vital energy.
be greatest in childhood, but
Flexibility
may
strengthand
endurance are not.
Man, we know now, is strongest justbefore
his strengthbegins to wane
and the future promiseshim as
its richest fruit,
not an abolishment of death, or even
necessarily
its postponement, but a prolongation
of the periodof growth
of physical
to a time of
and mental flexibility
a
preservation
life when vital stability
is most
firmlyestablished.
the childhood
Seen in the lightof these new
possibilities,
and youth of man
the part known
to be playedby the
assume
velopmen
childhood and youth of life itself. These periodsof vital dedisplaythe most rapid but not the most essential
"
"
If the
growth.
of
form
UNDER
NEW
ANYTHING
analogybe
THE
SUN?
21
of life
becomes
"
growing.
"
there is a season
everything
growth is dawning for this our world, as
To
"
lies before
a
race:
well
the
of
season
self.
it-
for mankind
as
lifehas become
Human
yes, and
and flower of
us
form
new
our
existence
as
to the next
plane
triumphantly
of life. Once this has been accomplished,
a
seeming end will
There will be an ebbtide presagingand
to the old form.
come
preparingthe next and stillmightierfloodtide of life. There
will be a pause in the rhythm of being,but only in order that
and joyouslyfelt.
its beat may make itself more
clearly
Mankind
is turninginto fruit in order that the new
seed
torch from
be
may
us
and
it up
sprout and
and
sown
carry
and
grow
blossom
and
fruit
set
total of life.
to the sum
perfection
In such a consummation
there is hope and purpose
enough for
it is this new
at least. And
me
hopefulpurpose, wrung from
with which modern
science is fraught,that has
the message
changed me from a believer in the past and in the part to a
and
add
its new
of
moment
renewed.
From
millennium
From
barelyperceptible.
eyes would
our
by
as
"
past
one
that
to
the
god
new
"
"
present
is what
one
matter.
inorganic
man,
that
we
dreaming.
it must
completelyoutgrown
self-conscious sun;
spiritual,
of
be
new
our
millennium
to aeon
aeon
seems
even:
to
there is always
sincerely:
new
day sees the whole
and the
should
For
new
all be
surelythe
man
there may
with
a sun
is to the
It is for the
sun,
and the
come
"
sun
new
soul ";
sun
ments
blind,inflexibleele-
coming of
new
the
new
life,and the
"
of
new
does
move!
THE
PASSING
OF
THE
Pendleton
Rosa
record of China's
THE
has been
OPIUM
Chiles
almost
an
TRAFFIC
unbroken
fic
traf-
chronicle of economic
loss,political
effacement,social degradation and moral
death.
But
been
thrilling
chapterhas
placeto hope. It is a
of one
of those brilliant onsets
dazzling account
by which Right,
after long years of plodding,suddenlysweeps on to victory.No
other movement
for ethical reform in the historyof the world
in magnitude with the present anti-opiumcrusade in
compares
China, nor
lands, before
that have
now
genuinedesire
and purpose
Reasons
Three
definite
it has
to
necessary
for
the Movement
out
have
awakened
national
been
vice of China
the
united
from
by the Rev. E. W.
forces,agitating,
convincing,
persuading,
lives saved
element
ropium
zations
missionaryorgani"
in this
Bureau, ably represented
mentum
mo-
the
"
have
againstthe
Thwing.
itself and
movement
to
pitchforkon
back of it the impetusof
accomplishment.
a
ing,
prominently moral awakeneconomic
than
necessity.For more
gatheredstand
influence action
written with
has
for the
reasons
ambition,and
political
a
"
been
ruin and
in the motives
and
created
to
thousands
despair,is a
new
actuatingthe work
new
cal
ethi-
vidual
of indi-
China.
The
of the past
of
superiorpowers
22
that national
assertiveness
almost
has become
International
to
"
Opium?
"
No,"
not
In
an
unknown
Commission
23
of the
quantity.A member
at Shanghai referred recently
takingthe initiative.
I suggested.
that
the reply, the feeling
"
"
on
promise."
itslast analysis,
however,
found
TRAFFIC
OPIUM
THE
fear of
was
land
or
be
Opium
the Chinese
could
OF
PASSING
THE
foreignpower
demnity
without demanding an ina
in
no
small
measure
the
want
to
be
of
due
aggressiveness
may
to
the decrease
in
THE
24
Realizingthat
memorial
General
Chou
Throne.
"
Fu, of the
Within
the
the
had arrived,the
moment
psychological
of all nationalities residing
in China now
prepared
containing1,333 signatures,which Governor-
missionaries
a
FORUM
River
month
Chengwuchu,
or
an
Provinces,"presentedto
ImperialEdict
Government
the
issued
was
Council,to draft
dering
or-
lations
regu-
matter.
To
changed to
(afterwards
years
the
of acreage
amount
the cultivation
2.
them
one-tenth
being recorded
land hitherto
on
by reducingthe
each
area
for nine
year
tomed
Requiringcertificates from smokers statingthe accusused by each, in order to deal justly
with
dailyamount
in givingup the habit,and to prevent future cases, no
certificateto be
3.
upon
4.
there
the
The
were
extent
of the habit
as
recorded
6. The
the
in the certificate.
cure
ing
depend-
manufacture
of medicines
by
to
shops to
the Government
sold
be
at
use
of
open.
for
cost, with
free
control.
medicines distributed,
of smokers, cures,
Registration
of
societies in each provincefor the purpose
and anti-opium
sponsible
comparing results in the several provincesand rewarding re8.
officials.
9. Prohibition of
in
smokingby officials
THE
26
FORUM
'
'
to
to
speedily
The
take
such steps
as
may
Majesty's
to bringit
close."
Rt. Hon.
of the trade.
as
the
upon
and
opportunity,
reference
Basis
to
the
Wai-wu-pu
entered
ernment
by the Gov-
recommended
importation.
of Agreement
convention laylargely
in the
attendinga new
difficulty
the opium
that the Treaty of Tientsin,which legalized
The
fact
could
traffic,
three
be
powers,
would
not
be
or
a
scarcely
was
consent
doubt
in
to
gainingitwould amount
China's determination might be weakened
To overcome
matter.
by
this difficulty
Sir Edward
ment
Grey very wiselysuggestedan agreefrom
with China by which reduction in the exportation
fecting
India to all countries could be immediatelybegun without afthe treaty. His suggestion
forms the basis of the agreement,
which
"
With
reads
effectfrom
of exports
agreement
follows:
as
of
between
the
ist
January,1908, the
aggregate
ume
vol-
61,900
chests
56,800
"
"
"
"
51,700
1908
1909
1910
an
"
OF
PASSING
THE
OPIUM
agreed that
Government
the Chinese
THE
if
TRAFFIC
duringthese
duly carried
have
27
three years
their arrangements
out
the production
and consumptionof opium
diminishing
undertake to continue in
in China, his Majesty'sGovernment
the same
proportionthis annual diminution of the export after
the restriction of the imports of
the three years in question;
Turkish, Persian and other opium into China beingseparately
and carried out simultaneously.
arrangedby the Chinese Government
for
Thus
at
the end of
ten
when
years
the agreement
will have
a
produced its full intended effect (by extinguishing
dian
portionof the total trade equalto the average importsof Inopium into China during the period 1901-5, namely,
export of Indian opium to
51,000 chests a year),the permissible
China
will stand
at
of
fixed maximum
sent
quantity
to
China
to
apart from
China, have
had
most
the
imports,and
not
is taken from
China
to
unfortunate
the exportation
these
alone, as
intentions of
duction
re-
either
siderations,
con-
England
or
the crusade.
effect upon
China's
Record
condition
at
the End
the Probation
Period
China
requiring
of
trial periodended
The
December
show
to
31,
makes
19 10,
and
previousto
such disclosures
the confirmation
the
as
comparison
following:
by
corn
swept from
cyclone.Add
to
many
the
of the
be remembered
with
as
been
over
an
area
vast
if
picture,
opium has
of the Middle
great
as
you
they
tracts
will,some
that the
the United
fight
States.
THE
28
placesother
In many
poppy
FORUM
crops
have
case
alreadytaken
the entire
over
the
area
placeof
a
"
the
merciful
has made
that
been
Fang.
"
The
thousand
effectually
put
time for
an
writingis past,"
see
deeds and
our
in the abolition of
thousand,
hundred
one
fact.
earnest
cities three
while in
"
has been
activity
In one
cityseven
opium dens.
have
in
are
Pronounced
other
in
ViceroyTuan
judge if we
peopledruin,
not written in
wrought. This is prohibition
says the
China, whose
means
exercised
thousand
two
have
towns
of business.
the
been
closed,in
one
thousand,
thousand, or
market
out
opium."
of
in the closing
two
million
to comply with
placesin all have been closed. Shops neglecting
the conditions of
place is said
shrinkagein
is that
its thirst
to
been sealed.
have
revenue
"
have
prohibition
One
$1,350
wholesale
day.
The
ment
is serious,
but the attitude of the Govern-
it will
not
seek
THE
OF
PASSING
OPIUM
THE
in behalf of the
TRAFFIC
29
"
Hong-kong Predicament,"
whereupon he tendered his sympathy but laughed significantly
and said he could do nothing. The
Hong-kong Predicament
farm
has been bringis the case of an opium farmer, whose
ing
him a yearlyincome of $600,000, of which he has paid
for his monopoly.
$200,000 to the Government
evidences of earnestness
in the
One of the most
striking
campaign has been the effort of officialsto giveup the personal
of opium. Some of these,longin thraldom to the habit,have
use
This
lost their lives in an heroic struggle
to free themselves.
ever,
tragicnote in the reform has not hindered its progress, howand thousands of high officialshave succeeded in abandoning
in
the pipe. Some
at firstsoughttemporary
protection
and those found
but testing
bureaus were
established,
deception,
the use of opium were
less
continuing
summarilydealt with, regardof rank and degree.
demonstration connected with the generalactivities
A public
has been the burningof opium pipes. When
the reform had
been in progress
about one
year, the followingreport was
appealedto
was
"
'
"
"
issued:
"
There
have
been
eightburningsof opium
Pipes
Pipe bowls
Lamps
4)433
Boxes
3,497
Plates
3,620
Needles
8,971
3,693
"
small
oz.
Opium destroyed
Opium depositsfrom pipes
been
tures
fix-
4,482
Cooking vessels,large
In the crowds
opium
follows:
amounting as
classes have
and
collected
to
427
87
3,138
"
577
all
a
represented,
propheticof the
spectacle
when her people,
to China
come
great developmentthat must
united in a patriotism
but now
into life,
take effectively
springing
THE
3o
FORUM
in the Way
Difficulties
To
realize the
to
necessary
magnitude of
consider
China's
of the
some
Satanic.
of Suppression
With
which
difficulties,
be freed from
to
of country and
towns,
opium,togetherwith the
"
stupendous. The
have
been
the poppy
to be swept from
with a
almost every district,
it is
accomplishment,
reformers
have
and
vast
where
million
stretches
the
"
blind
of
task
been
has
suppression
in placeswith
met
hoes and
to
up
roads
worst
the
of
form
re-
penetrate. It must
with
dependencies,
different
and
as
on
manners
this uniform
not
separate army,
In such
customs.
effort had
be
to
be made.
tion
federadisjointed
One
of the greatest
account
of the Commission.
The
Commission
It will be remembered
Called
sion
that this firstInternational Commis-
velt,
studythe opium problem was called by President Roosethe initiativeof Bishop Charles H. Brent, of the
upon
The countries representedwere
the United States,
Philippines.
to
TRAFFIC
OPIUM
THE
OF
PASSING
THE
31
Russia,
China, Germany, France, Austria-Hungary,
Britain,
Holland, Italy,
Portugal,
Japan,Persia,and Siam. It may
Great
be asked
why
States took
the United
The
such
is
interest
acute
desire
to
as
give moral
support to China and the consciousness that China's problem
affected the generalinterestsof the world and in no small degree
the Philippines
took
interests. In takingover
we
our
special
over
an
opium problem of serious import. Without discussing
carried out with regard to excluding
the salutary
programme
it may be stated that the report
opium from our new possessions,
of the Philippine
through China,
opium committee,circulating
her desire for reform and brought us into such
strengthened
harmonious
relation in this matter
it eminently
as to make
fitting
call this Commission.
States
the
to
opium
answer
to
trafficby
position
op-
national
takingthe initiativefor inter-
action.
Aside from
the
was
the result of
was
out
entirely
of fitness,
however, our course
question
deep-rootedconviction that the opium trade
mere
of accord
come
when
from
the
civilization,
international action
as
manded
de-
was
its influence. No
againsta trade
protect itself singly
can
of
country
insistent and
nerative
remu-
opium
work
was
of
vast
portance
im-
in
standing
opening up the way for a comprehensiveunderof the great question
and more
uniform and harmonious
action with regardto it. Beinga commission for inquiry
and not
for action,
its scope was
a court
limited,but by comparisonof
the exhaustive reports of the several countries represented
and
open
able
to
formulate
recom-
FORUM
THE
32
mendations
upon
which
internationallaw
can
be based.
Briefly
the followingpoints:
adopted cover
of the sincerity
of
Recognitionby the Commission
the resolutions
i.
of China
Government
the abolition of
the progress
Government
take
to
that each
of
use
held
any
by almost
Opium
Commission
form
every
at
own
possessions.
regulation.
That the International Opium Commission
be the
its
for careful
prohibitionor
4.
in
of
gradual suppression
territories and
the International
opium in
made
delegationmove
for the
measures
opium.
recommendation
2.
and
the
and
derivatives,
the entry of any
to
adopt reasonable
conceives it to
to prevent
measures
opium
as
illeffects.
that each Government
recommendation
such action
part take
as
seems
anti-opiumremedies
opium and its products.
7.
Urging
upon
settlements in China
of
necessary
and
the
all Governments
to
to
to
enter
and
properties
effects of
concessions
possessing
into
own
scientifically
investigate
the
with
negotiations
or
closing
Government
or
its
upon
its
the Chinese
ernment
Gov-
the
prohibit
trade
as
contain
opium
recommendation
to
that each
laws
move
delegation
in
to its subjects
ernment
its Govthe
sular
con-
FORUM
THE
34
the
from
material consideration of
more
industrial
and
stimulated
China
givingtime
for financial
to
her present
domestic
high efforts in suppressing
cultivation.
This
action
recent
on
the part of
England
was
prophesied
Dr.
Hamilton
times the
involved
amount
in the Indian
the Federated
opium farms of Hong-kong, the Straits Settlements,
tion
Malay States,and Ceylon,he called attention to a repetiof
to
land
historyin the beginningof an effort on the part of Engand
the opium trade at great loss to herself,
extinguish
said: "The
defend
American
Britain will
herself
of
no
unthinkable
one
to
the scrap
further use
heap an
to
that
obsolete class of
defend
to
her
that
battleships
extensive interests."
be
to
It
ish
abol-
when
willing,
"
If China
opium
reallysucceeds
within
her
in
borders, it
becomes
opium will
come
both the
years.
The
in native
to
an
OF
PASSING
THE
TRAFFIC
OPIUM
THE
35
time after
until some
smoking will not stop entirely
trade,both foreignand domestic,has been fullycut off.
course
Results
of
the Ten-Year
the
Agreement
The
as
to
return
of
amount
chests,was
the
be
China
to
sent
to
ten
reaches
cent., or
5,100
the average amount
shippedto all
alone. That being done, 16,000 chests
per
much
working out
contained
chests,
from
be made
to
not
countries,
to
basis of 51,000
upon
has been
were
was
exportation
for
to
China.
of the
In
opium
countries
other
instead of beingreduced,has
China,and the importation,
averagedabout
portation
imthan the average
This was
inevitable,
it is profitable
for, since China's great reduction in cultivation,
force
revenue
much
as
as
of the Indian
Government
opium
The
revenue
"3,000,000
more
total
revenue
opium
three years,
expectedin
Calcutta
states
that
owing to
ten
"3,571,948 in
gain of "848,652, or about
from
rose
years.
value,and in
few
has shot up to
at
placesit is selling
cases
price. In some
two-and-a-half times its weight in silver. This fabulous valuation
it
is a great temptationto native growers,
and has made
difficultfor China
been
to
pressingher
England.
withstand the
as
such
revenue
arguments
been
pressing
THE
36
The
FORUM
recent
includes
Great
The
opium
more
Economic
Gain
to
from
Both
India and
China
the financial
readjusted,
in China; but both China
opium will be felt,
especially
will be tremendously
benefited when the necessary adjustments
loss from
and
India
have
forced
to
been made.
from
borrow
crop.
as
Indian growers
The
the Government
yearlya
raisingof
The
have
sum
loss on
to
crop
is
land
capital,
poppy
opium will be
sufficientto
larger food
long been
from
$15,000,000 to
$20,000,000
will be about
Government
the result of
to
the
people of
as
follows
Gain
total annual
$151,875,000. The
when planted in wheat, cotton, and other useful
crops,
at
least
(or
of
day.
The
or
opium is one-fourth,
were
25,000,000
before
male
from
capacity
day. As there
cents
the
are
the
ming
saving of $547,750,000. Added to this financial sumties
up is the desire to developaccordingto the vast possibiliof this remarkable
country. With opium no longer sap-
annual
TRAFFIC
OPIUM
THE
OF
PASSING
THE
37
ping the
$1,520,000,000 from
World's
The
this
source.
Interest in the
Development of China
and thereby
questionof developingChina's resources
in
her power
to produce and to spend is a matter
increasing
The
world
the increased
its expansionwill be in
exact
is the
portion
prohood
man-
Hague Conference
The
When
the Commission
been decided
as
to
them.
Shanghai adjournednothinghad
further international
existed that
resolutions
in
but
action,
conference
subsequent
passedby the
Commission
in
an
would
effort to
tacit understanding
take up the
alize
convention-
Our
Government, by diplomaticcorrespondence,
has arrangedsuch a conference,
to convene
at The
Hague early
this
THE
38
"
uncertain
in the
part
FORUM
unfolding drama
of the
great world
process/'
Peking Agreement
The
The
as
Article
II.
Article
III.
India is diminished.
China
British Government
agrees
that Indian
officials.
Article
watch the
V.
China
may
the
of interference.
power
Article
VI.
The
British Government
consents
to
crease
the in-
Chifu agreement
now
placed on
provinces. The
force of laws
to
suppress
trade.
is in
the
wholesale
trade
in Indian
hereafter to
or
published,
the smoking of opium and
not
be
to
all restrictions
opium
in the
derogate from
published,
by
the
China
regulatethe retail
VIII.
Article
issue
the
until
number
chest
Each
THE
During
191
for
permits
export
the
certified
so
OPIUM
OF
PASSING
THE
30,600
extinction
may
be
the
chests,
of
the
imported
TRAFFIC
Indian
39
reducing
progressively
in
trade
export
into
will
Government
any
treaty
19
17.
in
port
China.
IX.
Article
by
mutual
which
agreement
may
be
revised
at
any
time
consent.
Article
on
This
X.
it
is
The
signed.
agreement
comes
into
force
on
the
date
TRYPHENA
Mrs.
Cornish
dazzled
He
gone
the
expressionof
His
out.
found
his
and
strugglingwith
man
black
show
never
white
cottage round
the
polishedthat
his whole
bearing.
he
carried
he
knitted white
"
ones.
"
times
cleanliness
socks, except
should
sweep
both
inside and
avoided.
clean collar
an
extreme.
on
Sunday, when
the
Trenowden's
chimneys as
doctor
to
always so
ought
to
he
it
evident
was
home-
navy-blue
wore
clared,
alive,"he de-
man
he has
out, because
professionwas
a
he
cleanest
fightdirt at all
foe to be tactfully
walked
and always
to
flannel shirt.
his well-washed
on
wore
street
favored
He
to
be
man,"
gentle-
He
were
of boots
He
Dan
instead
in all
and
shoes
wore
boots
devil
The
a
and
well-known
realize it
not
fate.
His
in his
response
casual observer
When
that
of another.
row
nar-
but
cheerily,
in his
corner
advertisingof
had
birds sang
nature
the
up
dailywork, if he was
he often declared; "then
why a sweep?"
overalls when
going only from a house in one
would
had
The
lowered
were
eyes
cleanliness marked
extreme
he walked
as
The
mood.
May
was
had
the
his eyes
joy in
the
nor
in
not
his home.
to
Ellis
was
sun
street
heart.
Havelock
TRENOWDEN
DAN
REVOLT
JANE'S
an
art
to
him.
understand
He
stood
under-
bodies.
They
patientstudy. No
declared, though they might
he said,which wanted
constitutions,
two
seem
alike,he
chimneys were
Few
different management.
so.
smoky
They all wanted
chimneys long resisted his careful investigations. Build two
"
feet
on
new
life to
who
was
think
1
and
one
a
down
it
"
same
kitey.' To
lower
chimney.
on
as
"
another," he said,
It's the
you'd
build up
one
same
as
yes, he
"
subdue
flue and
40
and
you
often
you'd encourage
might as well
woman
widen
when
she
another,
man
say it
gets
to
give
as
too
plaster
THE
42
4
as
a
Come
come
on,
on,
dinner's
his sleeve
flicked from
Dan
FORUM
pin'shead.
"
Oh!
"
white spots. He
sigh.
laugh, and
Dan
the remark.
to
over
of the
parrot.
"
What
"
Hold
The
"
lark!
your
sweep
looked
round
then
at
the
If he had so chosen he
for one.
table laid half way
across
cloth
could have eaten his dinner from the other half,without tablefor
plate,
or
toningwith the
waistcoat
took off his long-sleeved
scrubbed
lightbrown
and
it was
to
head.
with
then held
hand
one
his hands
he washed
a
and
beautiful
into
went
"
sluiced "
an
lery,
inner scul-
while he
partedhis
carefully
thin
wet
hair with
the other.
"
Oh!
Goodness!
"
from
kitchen,comb
"
and made
face
at
the parrot
as
he turned
go
scullery.
"
The
wonder
bird be
too
uplongscome
knowable
to
by half,"he
muttered.
reason."
He
"
No
can-
TRYPHENA
JANE'S
his
didlyacknowledgedto
to
REVOLT
mates
men
43
she do
not
was
take
standable
underand
to
if
ing
she could say all that's in her she might be a guideto the mendor
marring of men's lives." The parrot and Dan had
for
housemates
been
"
"
standby
Dan
woman
on
lonelynights.His
promised her that he
to
keep
on
him
him
and
that it was
would
Don't
hates
Dan
had
that
spirit
had
she
would
She
the parrot company.
justas importantfor him
by
to
to
your
bosom, my
gone
would
he
work
to
steadily
search
the
to
son,
town
find
if he
his
been
mother
to
had
to
her
a
it was
as
erally.
gen-
man
what
up."
make-
own
wife, in the
needed
pressed
im-
choose
woman
and
cats
take
never
and
"
years
many
had
wife who
seventeen
same
special
cowl for
"
"
"
made
we
sweet."
drew
eat
While
off water
Dan
from
was
havinglunch
at
one
his
the breath
house the
tea
servant
missed
but there was
a draw
pretendedto take no notice,
possibly
that day. He knew what a
in the marriagelottery
chancey
It meant
a
a
or
thingmarriagewas.
cosy
rope to hang a man
"
corner
as
he
bent
on
the cosy
corner.
The
women
work,
was
'
THE
44
FORUM
"
who
in a
kept a man
always "catchingup their work
fever most
of the day and had all things slatterlyagain
before night time.
He had no leanings,
the other hand,
on
let everything
who
toward women
soured and mucky
get
before theyhad the heart and nerve
to clean. A seemlyworker
in its placeand cleared and cleaned as she went
had everything
were
"
"
"
his mother
on,
Dan
woman.
her
accident
An
out
Dan
and
moment
There
In the
was
right
the
bedroom
sweepinga chimneyin a lady's
was
got
canary
'
when
hurried hunt
scrimmage the
canary
by
became
wedged between a box and the wardrobe, and itsleg was broken.
The comforting of the terror-stricken girlled to revelations.
She was
lover of birds,and in order to keep and
a passionate
'
I
pleaseher the ladyhad givenup cats and kept birds instead.
if he do sing,"sobbed the girl. Dan
work my fingers
can
sore
looked into her sweet
face and then at her slight,
graceful
young
figure.He wiped his sooty righthand very slowlyon his big
he did so.
white apron and looked on the floor thoughtfully
as
Then
he slowlywiped the other hand
and took the canary
gentlyfrom
"
That
"
face.
girl's
tremblingfingers.
into the girl's
be mended," he said,smiling
softly
the
can
Give
me
In less than
and
match
ten
minutes
the
44
up
A
minutes
and
Dan
the
had
woman's
tears
"
do
never
alwaysmake
saw
mother
me
whishe,sure
cry but
once
and
enough,"
that
was
when
father
"
"
him
seen
"
14
at
ten
set
his mind.
he muttered.
canary'sleg was
in less than
thin thread."
some
Have
I do
you
their company
44
My
and
Dan.
I've
then I suppose
manners."
parrot
badlywants
missis,"said Dan.
onlyseen them
they'vegot on
TRYPHENA
girlthoughthe
The
REVOLT
JANE'S
going to
was
45
her
make
present of
I'd
dearlylove
case
will have
You
"
"
"
she,"respondedDan.
go to
to
can't
it would
one,
mistress."
disturb my
"
have
to
It'llbe
separate."
and Dan
looked
at
her.
"
queriedDan.
beingso bold?
Mary," said the girlsimply.
Your age, if .you please? asked Dan kindlyas
Your
name,
"
he looked
answered
Twenty-five,"
Mary wonderingly.
said Dan.
shall get on like the
And I be thirty,"
We
tick of a clock,"he continued.
He was
smilingas he spoke.
Dan's smile was
which slowlylighted
one
up his largeface and
and broad chin.
to his firm mouth
gave dignity
"
"
"
Mother
and
had
never
me
"
no
The
chatter you'll
She's a homely bird and
like,I know.
parrot's
three will hang together
like bricks and mortar."
we
What
three?"
cried the girl,
not
lieved
comprehendingthe re11
look of the
"
The
be
you'll
before her.
man
parrot and
all Dan's
was
courting.It
about
came
and for
night.
It is mother over
again,"said Dan
the wedding; "only mother
afore
It was
a
momentous
day when Dan
He
sweat
"
confessed
down
ran
to
parrot screamed
Dan
timidlyapproachedthe
and
There
had been
and
Mary
had
feet, into
stockinged
guess
she
was
there.
"
Mary
to
naturally
as
should
follow
an
set
east
taken
was
took
fit to
fore
justbethought on."
Mary to see the
that
aunt
"
stream
of
meetingtook place.
kill herself,"when
with
the kitchen,so
They
his old
cage
a
the great
laughed,
broad back.
to
afterwards
her
The
passage
and
follow
day to
"
parrot.
"
slowly,
Dan
other,of course."
the
That
be one," continued
me
THE
46
the cage,
Mary holding on
stoopinglow
be
that her
so
done it!
My!
"
That's
"
cried
Dan
said,was
objectof
to
whenever
he discovered her
as
Dan
the
"
tasties
called
"
"
"
Even
"
All my
her
gave
louder than
teachingbe of
ing
reason-
quite
peacemaker
was
of calling
uglyway
an
had
hurled
thin,it was
him
at
ing
Laurie,"the Tory candidate,and nothcall the Liberal candidate's name,
though
not
parrot gets
again Dan
Dan
Laurie
to
such
most
Sapphira. At
induce her
had spent
"
mother
because
tell the
to
occasional
an
Sapphirahad
Dan's
be
seemed
and
when
to
There
now
up with
scream
would
mischief.
that
he vexed
"
would
Because
"
to
that Sapphira
whispers,
have second sight.Sapphira,
mischief-maker.
bald pate
son
in solemn
Mary,
to
create
people names.
"
yelled, You've
"
impishremarks
when
instead of
not
"
the parrot
queer
bewildered
and
very
the whole
behind
Mary.
the passage
bird. Dan confided
a
from
coat
Hip, pip,hurrah !
"
Dan's
to
They
seen.
was
FORUM
with
twinkle
in her
only ate
and
eye
ever.
Dan.
said
politics,"
exactlyover
value
no
She
by the side of
youngster in the
sun
in the
the Tory's name
while Sapphirawas
out
yelling
in the back yard." He warned
Mary that it might be possible
that Sapphirawould tellhis wife tales behind his back, but
she
must
street
be relied
understand
on
always. Mary
was
when
theyreturned
the parrot
whistle of
"
that
Now,
so
the kitchen
listen to
might
rest
theyfelt a
not
accident?
declared it was
what
to
Mary,
"
to
parrot's
content
on
littlecreepy
"
wedding bells.
dear," whisperedDan
better mind
he
and
reasoningor
Mary
had
my
to
fancical "
going to
not
"
was
ing
pierc-
do you
call
"
second
they said
REVOLT
JANE'S
TRYPHENA
47
but
reliefthe parrot not onlyloved Mary at sight
better than she loved Dan.
Mary had gentleand
her
"
only wonder
could
matter
of course,
one
at
as
and
talked
loved her
caressing
ways
The
reverence.
soon
baby
talk
at
"
Mary
to
the
out
of
bird.
her littlesweetheart,
her handsome
top-knot,
her bright-eyed
jewel,"kept the wilySapphirain
chick-a-biddy,
The parrot seemed almost to wink at Dan
the best of spirits.
talked silly to her,as Dan put it. Sapphiragrew
when Mary
that she was
to love Dan's wife so much
never
quitehappy when
tinct
dishouse.
She often showed
or
Mary was out of the room
he lingeredsometimes,
When
signsof jealousyof Dan.
Chuck
before starting
for his work, Sapphirawould scream,
it,Dan.
Hurry up ! House on fire." When Dan kissed Mary
it seemed to annoy Sapphirapast endurance.
She would make a
noise like the loud drawingof a cork, and make it so uncomfortable
for Dan and Mary that it became a habit,at last,
for them
alwaysto say good-byeat the front door. But Sapphiraknew
all about that. When
back to the kitchen the parMary came
rot
saluted her with
Tut, tut, tut," or with loud peals of
laughter.
One day,however, Sapphira's
happinessgot a check. There
confusion in the littlehouse and much
was
coming and going.
When
Dan came
home hurriedly,
after receiving
wire at the
a
big house,where he was to be all day,he went into the kitchen
his brushes and hang up his cap, before going upto put down
stairs.
ways
Sapphira's
wings were droopingand her head was sideof her master.
as her keen eyes caughtsight
Bald head, sure enough,"she cried.
Dan started. Dr. Ashe came
into the kitchen justthen and
told him he had a son and he instinctively
glancedat the shining
head of the kindlymedical man
and asked timidly
if the boy had
hair. The doctor thoughtit a strange question
to ask, but told
him that the child had scarcely
unusually
any hair and in fact was
bald. Sapphira's
fiendish laugh made both men
start and Dan
Mother's
pretty
"
"
"
"
11
to
an
oath.
THE
48
"
Owl
"
Valuable
"
'Tain't
"
"
!"
! Owl
yelledSapphira.
looked
round
knocked
her beak
wide
if to show
her mouth
Dan
lies,"
so
"
Hold
hair
your
do."
on,
He
"
FORUM
as
"
ruefully. It's
patiently
nervouslyat Sapphiraas she imagainstthe cage and then opened
"
blackened with
declared.
"
his wife.
as
if
Dan
they would
break.
"
"
Perfect,sure
I shall
never
feel the
he
as
again,my
same
plete.
com-
was
Chimneys have
taken
the third
Mary
must
be
had
purring.
wife
Dan's
the
happy
so
"
never
recovered
from
death
of
Little bald
called him,
pate,"as his father lovingly
been seriously
teen
handicappedat the outset and Mary, thirweeks after her child died,got a serious chillwhich developed
boy.
into
was
soon
gone.
Dan
nursed
her
nor
the
at
all.
"
The
likes of
can't
we
had
The
hand
THE
So
simpleMary,
had
denied
could
"
his wife
refuse
not
then
and
FORUM
down
sat
to
to
But what
he
could he do?
Best drown
"
yelledin
Love
Dan."
left
had
Love
had overtaken
him before he
was
deliciousness. He
had
meant
have
to
and
happinesshe
things in
him
than
he had
cosy corner,
corner
ways
al-
strange
onlyrealizing
fullynow that it had
But had it left him?
He sat wondering about these
the long, lonelynights. Mary seemed
to be very
He
somehow.
felt less sad by the fire with Sapphira
left him.
near
its bewildering
to
of it and
aware
when
friend
was
in
came
cheer
to
him
It took
up.
he
in
came
as
if his wife
and
clean like
and put
by his side
was
him
on
he
as
As he prayed he wondered
if she knew
his supper.
how
lonelyhe was and then he suddenlyhoped she did not know,
ate
it
'
He
had
and had
on
her grave.
than
nearer
see
Now
he
began
to
though
near
churchyard
he put flowers
if the dead
wonder
was
the
you
even
were
could
not
it.
What
was
uneasy
feathers
well,
mean?
"
when
and
erect
Take
He
their wishes
were
He
more
grew
and
missis,Dan
had
fix
intent and
more
heard
dear, take
people say
unfulfilled. What
missis."
the dead
was
he
What
could
to
do?
not
did it
rest
if
It made
REVOLT
JANE'S
TRYPHENA
icycold to think of
to see
got up shivering
it all and
him
even
if the door
on
was
51
nightshe often
warm
the window
shut and
he knew
something
about other thingsbesides chimneys. Sapphirahad lost nearly
and he certainly
all her spirit
was
losinghis. Dan thoughtonce
called for
in a fitand she rarely
the bird was
laughedand never
she going to die and if so, what should he do
her bath. Was
then?
the birds outside did not singthe same
as
even
Surely,
when
Mary was alive and nothing,he noticed,seemed really
happy like they did once.
He thoughtover
the two years of their married life. How
she was!
There was
a
tripetty bend in her way
very sweet
of walkingthat sometimes made him quitefaint with longingto
he watched her pickingher way
kiss her when
through the
with her sweet
smile
lanes or going into chapel. It was
at one
It
fastened.
was
"
which
somehow
watched
them
close
never
much
he wondered,
.it,
cold like
alive?
they were
Dan
her without
seen
her, even
over
enough.
all
seemed
"
He
most
or
had
folkses seemed
chamber
this,for he
his
to
quaintway,
her in
much
more
torn
that
as
dress
or
if he
saw
Mary
in
of his handkerchief
from
the
could
givehim
with him
or
hurriedly,
argued,in
and find
dislike it
come
and
Dan
whollyhers. As he wet
gentlywiped away the clammy
corners
even
her now,
be
just
home
hated him
one
Death
to
Had
was.
after this. He
corner
moisture
as
very
little
"
THE
52
to
FORUM
"
pipetasted
and
rancerous
"
but
It may
the system,"said
fortify
feller would
need
He
again.
had
to
take another
to
The
system that he
nervous
Dan
tonic,a bitter,
of his mates,
one
bottle
tonic,however,
like
bitter,
clean
to
strengthened
so
up his mind
made
definitely
out
to
marry
found
women
well known
that he had
"
as
grumbled
four
or
staid "
rivals considered,
it
stood.
She
men
the
hop
all. Let
the
same
not
rut
to
bit homesick
Trenowden
and
at
and
sort
a
days,but
gone
be
and
good mother
as
catch
on
are
Dan
they'm left
and
wife like
Nathan
as
same
took
they'll
stay in
'em lonelyand
you
like he had
her
that,in
"
be
must
and
what
her mother
henpecked later
youngster, and
sad
she realized
when
there
and
weary
helplesswhen
more
never
the wooed.
for Dan
slew down
'em
who
made,
thirty-five
to
be
standbyto
man
was
things,widowers
what's
over
alone,if they'vehad
"
too
was
confided
his
Dan
he who
was
had
her observation of
or
in.
frantic dash
small
no
week, with
of about
woman
"
matters
weather,it was
at
seemlyand
how
pounds
to
"
of the
state
of three
sure
saved
Tre-
like Matthew
on
Bennett."
further confided
to
her mother
that
winsome
morsel, but so soft and clinging
delicate,
her left if Dan told
that she would believe her righthand was
her so.
She had confided to Tryphena herself,
once, that she
Mary
was
asked
had
Dan
what
books
at
rate
any
Dan
was
never
Dialogue of
had
Devils
stomach
as
man
The
he would
and
to
to
read.
phena
Try-
as
ask him.
Except for
Progress,he
Pilgrim's
beyond the wish to write
The
for books
like her
had
one
REVOLT
JANE'S
TRYPHENA
53
on
Herald.
It
Hocking
himself
to
apparent
was
bent
was
began
on
feel
to
"
bit like
rabbit in
gin"; but he
anythingmatter one
or
did
tired to argue or protest. What
another? As Mary was
not in the runningwas
as
good
too
this
as
Best make
another?
Even
shilly-shallying.
in front of
head.
In
dim
way
he
now
He
was
not
one
way
woman
hanging was
man.
he
was
tried
to
put
realized that it
destined
to
be
Mary
with
He
to
be
oft
But
new.
confided
tinually
con-
of his
out
best
was
on
than
over
to
phena
Try-
could think
Jane,after theywere married,that he never
of Mary as dead but only as waitingsomewhere
and that he
hoped in heaven the three of them would be part and parcel
of one
another in some
how to
way the Almighty might know
fix up.
Tryphena Jane'sblue eyes met his rather angrily.
"
That's
Mormon's
stuff and
jargon.
You'm
real fool in
some
worse
than
things,Dan,
no
need
That
the
one
of the other."
depends,"answered
Dan
heaven
slowly,feeling
"
was
"
THE
54
know
about up
is that what
FORUM
loves
love
must
me
I do know
be
would
onlymakeshifts
voice and
things worse.
and
women
what
Cheer
he talked of
more
called
argued about
the
more
for
votes
"
he
saw
chucked
the chin.
"
woman," he said.
up,
Mary
again he
sweet
The
Dan
vexed her
he had
heaven,as I said
of
Tryphena Jane
that
Tryphena Jane'seyes
made
if I
to me
the
catch
As for
Mary.
I didn't
offend
to
mean
you."
afternoon if
might have ended well on that particular
parrot had not laughed and screamed and ended by yelling
All
the
"
Mary's
"
boy."
saucy
Does
me
or
your
blessed
best?"
Mary
"
You
rightenough, but
know
you
won't
say,"retorted Tryphena
She'm
wilyenough
Jane.
"
as
Best ask
her
name
"
maybe
lie,
to
the truth
by
chance."
"
"
"
"
From
to
mend
one
of his brushes.
that
Dan
distant and
hours
returned
Pride
mistress gave
new
more
Things had
had
The
morose.
for her
in life,
had
with which
thin rope
splicedsome
had
home
kept him
reached
notions.
come
If
his
a
ears
woman
to
at
found
his meals
and
asking the
from
that
had
last. For
climax
whole
week
reason,
though
alone.
rumor
to
Tryphena Jane had leanings
a
bit of money
of her own,
Dan
queer
she had
TRYPHENA
a
"
tilltheywere
men
REVOLT
JANE'S
55
his
man
placeand not
into giving
women
"
cowed
make
too
free
their lawful
about
their
His
women.
the
more
Jan
placewith
his
of
manner
and
should like
to
or
from
his
mates
once
he informed
use,
the
sort
rest
of
They
election,
theywere
got mixed
women
theywould
take them
added, "
to
them
have
cut
fellows,so that
were
then where
would
be
more
Once
well have
as
would
"
the
thingsbe,
"
tom-fuzzled
well
no
enough
to
he
than
pass
as
theywere
eral
genthan betting
more
on
horses; but
exciting
heaven helpthe nation, for
up in politics
like their babies,and then what
seriously,
in
mate
thoughtof
he knew.
Women
they might
nonsense
if
his
men
and wrongs.
Dan, with rights
of it and
ask?
the
had
nature
merelyhelpedto confuse
he kept his wife in her
he further declared,were
Politics,
ever.
secretive
and
vulgarjokesand gibesof
kepthim
his brain.
reserved
"
such
become
"
ivorybutton
on
when
varmints,
'
Votes for
'
women
on
it. Them
take
THE
S6
the
whole
about
They
country.
retorted Dan's
Dan
meaningly.
mate
or
in
if there
mind
"kill
to
or
clear to
course,
was
not
knew.
One
poison could
militant tacticsDan
Peaceable
man
as
he
flue. He
choke
Dan
was
with
downdraught
be
realized he would
with this
exactlyhow
than back
worse
he had made
up his
to
another
If
not
that in
he knew
was,
that
there
so
lightednewspaper
chimneysand
If it
"
lies
in fami-
only noise,
was
sometimes
cleared
tryingto
He
cope
chase
was
dirtybird
proceed,in either
him yet. Like cured like,at times,he
flare-upsometimes
not
his trade.
doctor knew
remedy.
but
";
cure
his affairswith
over
As he walked home
house.
own
was
taught him,
sit and
to
if he could
man
in his
smoke
fool
conceivable
was
less than
was
than
worse
It
neighbors
relations. He knew, however, he was
A sweep
not home
at all,as it was.
to
away
had
talk
would
"
had
on
Kickingbe a beastly,
measlytrade,"retorted Dan.
be a darned sightuglier
Being governed by women
one,"
"
if
and
kick them
to
with them."
the matter
no
good husbands
want
"
FORUM
pointof
"
had
curious dream
and
lovelygarden
that
night. He
quitenatural she
it seemed
saw
in
Mary
should
be
there
Dan
could
primroses and violets so much.
It made
suffer the delicate scent of a primrose now7.
fool enough to want
to throw
up the struggleand follow
she loved
because
"
never
him
Mary.
them
"
In his dream
to
came
said
him
the
as
"
mother's-milk
scent
stepped forward
Mary
"
of thousands
smiling. All
of
she
was:
"Well, Dan."
He
"
was
justanswered:
Well, my
dead
wanted
to
or
dear," and
where
know
so
she had
never
gone
badlywhen
he
nor
She
thingshe
glidedup
to
THE
58
FORUM
He
pieceof sackcloth and tied the bundle with string..
a
littlewooden
to
over
He
place
cupboard by the fire-
and
open
crossed
of the
where he generally
sat.
fireplace
Mary's photographfrom the wall. She was in
corner
He
took down
her
wedding dress
with
an
"
wreath
orange
bunch
from
unlocked
her head
on
and
queer
"
be most
in."
gone
The
of
not
was
analysis
developedin Dan, but just
then he wondered
why Mary had alwaysbrought him rest and
he
Tryphena Jane nothingbut turmoil. From the firstmoment
like a cradle to babies,"
most
saw
Mary she had been to him
power
"
he told her
The
once.
"
more
she had
said
to
once
mere
him
almost
was
hope I'llnever
and
he had
for he knew
her
and
"
big tussle
he doubted
chapelbroughthim
nearer
days and
most
He
if
"
else and
a
in
organ
death.
enemy,
once
again. The
"
unbeknowns
as
had
he should
ever
it than thing
anyLife
was
gold."
to
at
never
Dan's
eyes
on
his watchchain
where
he had
he turned he
come
evidently
dressed
saw
from
Tryphena Jane
in the doorway.
clothes.
did
Dan
was
speak, but
not
You're
said.
a
"
You
remarkable
say."
She
nice
resemble
sort
of
sort
a
are, Dan
chap,you
log of wood
of husband
for
more
a
than
man.
You're
of
woman
"
keys to do
worm
pitiful
you be, and nothingmore
Dan's eyes were
very brightand
but have
Trenowden," she
I must
spirit,
defend yourself,
it for you.
less."
nor
worm,
squaredhis broad
face Tryphena Jane thought
as
he
TRYPHENA
what
fellow
splendid
he
Defiance
and
11
"
was
59
if onlyhe would
off amongst
her
defence be my
not
slowly.
Teasy, sure
littlelaugh.
REVOLT
JANE'S
buck up
bit
so
companions.
at
way
times,"said Dan
jerky
sternly.
"Oh I really,"
cried Tryphena Jane nervously,looking
towards the parrot as if for support. For once Sapphiraseemed
unequalto the occasion. Probablythe sound of the hammer
stillin her ears.
She neither moved
was
nor
spoke,but her
anxious and her head
eyes
were
had
spoken she
much
very
on
If she
side.
one
would
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
mother."
"
"
her
"
voice seemed
own
You
be
justlike
calls theirselves
thoughtyou
was
far
off,for she
men
lives
but I
different,
cowards
only to
see
was
be.
curs
"
Jane,and the
was
growing so
and
browbeat
fitto
of
terrified.
bullies
as
women.
mistaken.
Not
sound
Low,
grel
mon-
nigh no
come
"
"
ney
A chimslowly. I'm not a deaf mute.
in flames be a joke in comparisonwith you."
Tryphena Jane would have liked to scream, but she thought
Hear?
said Dan
was
look about
Dan
she had
that
sort
of
not
"
grinon
passed."
com-
his
THE
60
There
face.
was
pause.
FORUM
Tryphena Jane
nothing if
was
not
militant.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
The
chair and
"
as
It's
said Dan
situation,"
whole
crossed
one
storm
in
rapidlyfolded
she
he
as
sat
down
in his
the other.
leg over
teacup,"said Tryphena Jane haughtily
her umbrella
and
bit off
stray thread
the button.
near
"
It's
said Dan,
nevertheless,"
storm,
wreckage. You
and
had best
me
to
come
"
and
clear
mean
may
understanding.
of us two be
as any other,and one
Marriage is a contract, same
tryingto break it."
Marriage be slaveryfor women," said Tryphena Jane.
A jaildoor has no worse
prospects."
That's bunkum," said Dan.
Marriage ain't no worse
"
"
"
"
for
than
woman
It'sheaven
man.
or
hell,seems
to
for
me,
either one."
"
I suppose
you
"
that
haughtily,
your
mean
to
say," retorted
firstmarriage was
one
Tryphena Jane
of those
states
and
your
"
"
should
like
reckoned
"
to
know,
now
we're
It's what
youVe
the foundations
talking,what
I've done
And
to
be
hell?"
left undone,"
of this home.
"
Do
said
Dan,
"
is ping
sapthink
I
married
you
you
as
TRYPHENA
REVOLT
JANE'S
61
off from me
yourself
by nightand by day? Not likely.
I beginsa job I goes throughwith it and no mincin' nor
When
skimpin'.I'm goingthroughwith this,as you will see. You and
for a week."
have not had a square meal together
me
I've cooked your meals anyway," said Tryphena Jane.
That's onlyhalf the bargain,"
said Dan.
I'm independent
of you,"said Tryphena Jane, and there's
to
shut
"
11
"
"
no
to
support
me
have
Aunt
now
left
me
bit of
money."
"
remain.
to
got
one
talks
to
have
not
it
Has
about
you
whether
now
"
Dan,
what's done
likes it or
we
rightsand property
looked in their
and
votes
we've
one
as
women
and
done.
un-
the
rest
hearts?
and
not
that them
struck you
ever
can't be
own
If
"
"
11
"
"
"
"
"
one
"
would
as
debar
should be served
from
woman
the
vote
same
as
beer
if she
the
nor
tobacco
it
wants
just'cause
it'smoonshine
gander,but
wise
like-
and
the
all
the same."
"
And
what
be
sunshine,if I
may
ask?
"
queriedTryphena
Jane.
Dan
did
not
answer,
lightwent
of his eyes.
passedfrom
Dan
knew
his face
and
Try-
THE
62
take
too, what
out
of the door.
As
you
"
good
of
approve
make
to
care
FORUM
in his mind.
was
I'll justpin on
votes
example of
an
She
you
grily
an-
badge
my
and
meeting,"she
the
at
went
called from
it
quicklyas
as
came.
"
You'll do
"
Jane'sarm.
the
such
no
sake,not mine,
for you.
worse
makes
as
me
it."
say
cried
"My!"
murderer!
than
worse
big uglyface
your
You
"you
rage,
I'd smack
hands.
shall
You
she
was
good
female.
front door
to
which
Dan
leaned
arms.
He
the passage
behind her.
she
banged
againstthe wall
meditated
for
and
shivering
was
"How
shall I
fire,
put
on
down
did
not
took
go
get
ever
and
went
moments
and then
through?" he muttered.
my
constitution."
He
the
to
street.
be
men
says
out
of the
and folded
went
back
the shelf.
always disagreedwith
went
as
in the littlepassage
few
He
go
women."
to
With
his
nice
her mother's
not
too
canes
"Hurri-
poked
the
and
carefully
in sight. She
agitated.She
not
in.
'
Once
own
up
he don't
care,
might as
well
give it all
she knew
him
and
herself
won
washingquickerthan
him
her
as
littleas
she knew
Dan.
She had
same
REVOLT
JANE'S
TRYPHENA
63
trolled
opened her eyes. Dan's peacefulways and his self-conmanner
graduallyimpressedher with a strange wonder.
He was
as
He was
were.
not a bit what she had imaginedmen
and even
at cooking,scrubbing
washing.
good as any woman
he would not let her rub the clothes,
When
only soap them in,"
him or to like him
she did not at firstknow whether to despise
he told her, and
for it.
Washing be as hard as gardening,"
It'sonlyan idea that it'sher job at all." He
not fitfor women.
and patience
about everythingwith a quietpersistence
went
which irritated her into a longingto hurt him and badly,too.
had
"
"
"
The
her.
He
to
have
littleeffect upon
so
him
dened
mad-
was
by
in
Tryphena Jane knew that Dan's whole life was
living.The
Mary and in Mary dead as much as if she were
littlethingbrought
only time he reallysmiled was when some
herself needlessly,
Tryphena
By way of torturing
up her name.
Jane would often touch somethingbelongingto Mary and then
watch Dan's sad,tired face with angry glee.
anyone.
she walked
As
had the
common
back
to
if she chanced
loved Dan.
His
and
she would
turn
toward
subdued
as
much
knelt
what
to
was
her.
when
said,with
becoming for
meet
him.
"
she
power
as
Dan
could
him
make
to
not
grow
forgetMary
had
fascinated and
happy, but
wings. She
most,
and
but Dan
felt it
was
could have
never
saw
littlelike
the forehead
staid
as
to
of her years
his mother
did hers.
woman
"
and
miserablyjealous,
Long ago, when Mary
and simplythoughtnothing
Now
she hated Mary and
longed to
had tried
on
She
in her
laugh. She
had
His
beyond her
him
to
her.
flare up
was
of a dead woman.
jealous,
moreover,
alive Tryphena Jane liked her
was
of Dan
"
realize,
though red-hot irons would
to
sense
after this
the house
have
to
If
do
liked
to
been
had
Mary
run
pin
When
THE
64
she got
the house
to
FORUM
she
saw
was
She
open.
went
up
a
with him.
It would be
at home
meetings and stay more
but Tryphena Jane was
reallywretched for
great concession,
the
and found,
made
Dan
miserable.
only Dan,
not
She
went
to
be
the kettle
make
tryingto
was
seemed
Dan
boil.
"
What's
"
blessed life,Mrs.
My
kindly,
"
Dan
Lor!
and
he
ever
We'd
be.
can
To
hide her
"
slightshake.
as
said
bed."
to
"
unlike hisself
as
"said
this,then?
him
be
Bill Thomas
Trenowden!"
she
terror
went
to
up
and gave
Dan
opened his
Dan
be
work
eyes
"
dead
She knew
woman.
turned
"
ever
At
'
the
Dan
seen
it down
advice
and
us.
yet
nor
He
Jim
had
in
was
job
best call in
at
on
on
heard,
opened it
as
and
to
fit.
hand
he
Jim
and
there.
and
have
us
anybody could
of
none
want
to
we
give
of it. Men
laid bare
was
eternity
have
before
dropped
the floor. He breathed that heavy we
Curnow
had
the
to
when
open
and
go,
send him
got him
me
but
he
front
doctor
here, but
he had
I told him
along. Neither of
he is,I believe."
Here
spoke, at the
she
for
mouths
our
need
no
of
stiffglasshot, sure
If
parson.
of time and
most
took
None
with
listening
was
thought he
be
never
make
to
and
women
We
there'd
"
he said.
afore.
spirits
take
enough. She
note
Bill Thomas.
sharplyto
"Where
that
door.
walked
us
knock
Tryphena Jane
into the
silently
THE
66
so
boiling,
had
she would
felt
never
see
"
as
mechanically
Don't
for
that.
to
humble
so
ill,
too, she wondered?
and said
FORUM
It might
steadyher
she
bit. She
going
Dan's
to
be
to
bedside
it on
goodness'sake spill
Dan
"
all."
at
use
Dan's
looked
much
brain
that she
"
rebel
"
at
allbut
as
nonsensical
soft
as
flurried her
so
lame
cried
you
"
Tryphena Jane.
Dan
whatever
now,
Tryphena Jane
His heart
You
I dreamt
wasn't
What
pancake."
Dan!"
drunk
not
"
eyes,
fancy."
Cheer
"
surelywas
"
Sakes, a-mercy,
deal.
This
justhad
How
smiled.
and
opened his
He
cry.
puttingit straight.
at
I've
caught the
Tryphena Jane
at
attempt
have
must
He
his eyes.
been before.
rubbed
he had
His
had been
softened,for that,at
any
rate,
was
bit
more
and
Mary.
up," he said kindly.
first,"said Tryphena Jane brokenly.
"
I'm
have
all
taken
you."
"
This milk be
"
"
Whose
real
fault
savor
was
"
"
No
man
gets
up
ques-
that."
"
It
of it."
"
was
my
TRYPHENA
lasted on
when
bit,even
he
might as
well go
"
Oh, dear,dear!
dull
coffinif I
Thee'rt
pass,"he
Trenowden
same
Dan
his wife.
at
worth
scarcely
slowly.
enough," retorted Tryphena
"
the
on
in
of
stream
"
another
pillows.The
sweat,"which Tryphena
qualm."
closed them
11
look
"
as
you'vea
said
layback
good,but he was
Jane mistook for
Dan
nag
promisenot to
slowlyand looked
againquickly.
I'lltend you
nag all day if
you here.
and
die."
must
Tryphena Jane.
at
let it choke
tillI
me
"
me
Dan
sat
see?
manner.
done him
"
Can't you
not
in her old
Jane,almost
Dan
"
Tryphena Jane.
fool,you know,
to
was
cried
It
Dan.
opened his
I'm
easy,"said
"
dreaming.
on
"
know?
you
Dan
"
die
to
meant
67
woke, he found.
"
"
He
REVOLT
"
Don't
He
Dan
JANE'S
it and
I know
Mary
slowlyup
and stared
at
among
man
it
bit
knew
as
Dan,
men,
it
ter
bet-
even
made
have
dies,
me
Tryphena Jane.
"
over.
all
all,Mary isn't me
good, surely,
no
and
"
Good
more
than
and
I'm
not
she.
She wasn't
Even
you
be betwixt
between."
Lord!
"
cried Dan.
"
I'm
patchwork of
faults."
"
"
"
68
THE
the female.
to
grace
whiskeythat
11
It
FORUM
tillafter that strong
was
not
out
of my
glassof
ears."
"
it shall
happen
never
no
more."
Dan
and made
"
out
put
his hands
her sit on
Look,"
death itself.
has
thingsas
tell you
he
and drew
the bed.
"
said
gently,
Sparringbe one.
there be
Let's
no
him
thingsworse
some
drop it.
nor
of them
It's one
more
want
mostlymine."
No, not at all,"sobbed Tryphena Jane.
Yes, it have," said Dan emphatically. I see it as clear as
I've been a selfish fool and wrapped up in my
daylightnow.
to
"
"
"
grief. Once
own
Mary's name,
we
was
I'd
no
married, seeingas
ach
stom-
not
couldn't
you
stood
perspiration
his face.
on
"
"
"
"
once
won't
"
I knew
I know
the dead
there.
I'm afraid
up
want
to
make
to
you
it up
know
speaking,I buried
and
be moulded
out
for all we
you'vehad
might confuse
know
lot
livingwoman
bear and
to
now.
you.
Dan
Trenowden
down
of what
went
as
upon
then
was,
his broad
through me
when
of
,
too."
chest.
she
now
to
torturingof
The
now.
bringback
them
I want
what
"
He
This
passed
and what
known
her
him
What
was,
while she
was
alive,I
TRYPHENA
don't
no
their
giveup
don't
69
If you and me
there would have
more.
I'm
myselfand
know
rightly
REVOLT
JANE'S
not
dead, so there's
need
no
to
bother
over
Dan
as
was.
"
"
"
"
I'm certain
of
sure
that,"he said.
smiled
Tryphena Jane
through her
tears
she looked
as
at
Dan.
"
It's
blessed
"
Mary
to
I'm
thing as
for much
the
as
you
no
but
woman
fool would
wish it otherwise."
asked
"Why?"
Dan.
"
I'm thinking,
'Cause she'd lose you altogether,
if your
full. I'm learning
to
speechwas checked when your heart was
know
me
she
will be
same
as
if
we
was
sisters and
another
catchingone
pullof
reckon up a woman
he do worshipher."
like her
can
"
"
and
Kiss
me,
my
There 1 I told
crying in
notion."
you,
own
you!
"
one.
up
"
cried
You're
when
before
long you
talkingof
we're
being a
kind,no
woman.
matter
softly.
"
I be
No
how
and
she
man
much
stored."
quitere-
THE
70
Dan.
said
Yes,"
FORUM
all
know
the
about
central
draught
now."
"
Well,
in
always
about
head.
your
that
bothering
central
Dan
in
draught
Thomas
doctor
said
here.
was
"
Jane.
as
Is
Your
you
worrying
was
troublesome
be
work
ney
chim-
"
you?
said
Tryphena
Bill
the
when
"No!"
said
never,"
"I
solemnly,
woman,
bent
was
reckon.
the
finding
on
Chimneys
be
by
easy
comparison."
Tryphena
"
such
Oh,
Dan's
"
in
she
Dan,"
could
thing
the
mother
uncontrollably.
"
said,
what
funny
chap
if
As
are.
you
be."
wide
were
eyes
It's
laughed
Jane
chief
and
of
make-up
he
as
open
her,
said
slowly:
It
anyway.
the
was
same
"
and
"
"
Mary,"
"
Yes,"
said
in you
of
most
"
11
Whatever
Let's
give
"
equally
it
in
I'm
but
"
it be?
ferreted
away
wise
the
it
the
to
things that
some
"You're
lost
Jane.
thinking,
by
all
it's
the
signs,
still
laughing.
three."
the
observation
my
"
Dan,
can
not
There's
in
Tryphena
asked
Tryphena
Jane
hear."
"I've
to
said
saws
of
a
right,"
telling."
out
first
men
things,
woman
said
do
with
woman
never
and
never
Tryphena
bitter
as
asks
tells
that's
tell
Jane;
and
pains
me,"
the
to
one.
to
no
"
best
for
misgivings
said
of
reckon
Dan.
women,
there's
man."
some
things
be
POEMS
IRISH
Stringer
Arthur
THE
WEARING
OF
E'RE
wearin'
W
The
The
green
The
green
The
The
that
green
waves,
Home,
Ireland's
av
graves!
TROPICS
THE
IN
(O
wathers,
av
the green
And
ache!
Rathlin
av
green
bogland,
olden
Aran
av
Ireland knows
av
bringsthe
And
and
whin
green
and
Home
That
av
boys,
English rose;
wearin' av the deeper green
We're
green
the green,
av
their
Beneath
The
GREEN
THE
youth again,
halfa world from this!
Half a world from palm-three,
where the coolin* rain
to be in Ireland,
Falls across
the green hillslike a woman's
kiss/)
to
be in Ireland wid
down
P and
Here
Where
Here
the
as
Parade,
the ould
the
Tropic surf
music
the Band-stand
gintrygo
Shlow beneath
Round
to
turf
the withered
I pace
Listenin'
me
and
come,
milk-white
moon
yonder kettle-drum
Throbbin'
out
itshome-sick
toon.
71
brayed.
THE
72
Round
FORUM
round
as the dead,
stately
from lightto light,
On they move
in glarin'
red,
Soljer-men
Ladies in their ghostlywhite.
Shlow
and
I've watched
Long
theypass
as
Where
And
thim
av
musk
the
palm-frondsgreen as brass
Whisper thro' the Thrade-sweptdusk.
Where
and go
come
swayin'lantherns shine,
white electhrics glow,
the
Where
the
the Band-stand
Where
Where
cornets
whine;
pulseand blare
and stately
toon,
the trombones
Wid
some
shlow
Where
And
I've watched
Long
Till the
Ghosts
av
croon.
thim here
alone,
Ghosts
And
thim
I've marked
Long
across
dream;
shleepyCross,
its shleepydome,
Shinin' from
Seems
tellthim
to
Half
av
world
away
Home
And
there's
Naught
av
their loss,
from
Home.
behind,
naughtbeyontthe Sea,
kith
nor
wimmen-kind
av
me.
THE
74
Died
"
and
With
the coolin'
year
lough-windscreep
be in Ireland where
to
to
gerrltheyburied deep
the hawthorn's growin' near
And
this many
went
Where
(O
FORUM
the home-like
hear
to
the
see
But I'llniver
Niver
lough lies!
pigeon'swing!
that blue
slap av
the mornin'
bog-landsgreet
be in
to
skies!
more
ould
Home,
rain,
Niver see the Headlands
wid their foam,
flashin'
And niver win me lost youth back to me
again!)
OLD
THE
HROUGH
rp
The
Where
The
And
him
He'll
In
lightav the
black-clothed
feared
stept.
mourners
the
at
laysweet
sun
sight
sthone,
For
Death
and
minute
our
Wid
Then
we
Av
For
breath,how
In the
the
His
we
faix,now,
Deep under
Yet
I'm
and
went
wonderin'
the loam
and
curse
mould!
drippin'
And
Is
the
the crowded
av
sable crept;
av
thrappin's
Av
But
the noise
who'd
"
MEN
he's toldt
av
our
cloud
way.
if Death
the lorn
breath,
sthreet
POEMS
IRISH
DANCING
THE
IS
year
and
the
Where
'Tis many
bread
But thinkin'
Home, how
av
Wid
And
jiglike a
The
Not
went
pipin'
Ragged
MacGee
were
tumble
tree
his heels
thinned,
was
and moss-grown
like the grass in the wind!
danced
worth
at
stone-heaps,
av
we
av
street
"
But
street
Roth!
o' Lake
wave
walls
The
And
his
how
faith,
And
in the
danced
heart's blood
me
Av
town
be had
to
the ould
to
Here's
Must
mile
DAYS
Where
Here's
75
broken
"
the
village,
But no wan
to fret
was
sthoppin'
And I'll wager
they're
goin'like a tree-top to-day,
Faith,dancirC and starvin* there yet!
a
traneen
was
"
THE
AN
touch
Would
Wan
mad
Would
When
The
The
av
and end
ease
kiss
at
desire;
the most, I
quenchthe
wan,
end, faith,I
but
saw
more
fifty
was
dreamed,
thrue
Not
END
this :
FORUM
THE
76
heart
And
kisses,
Soft
still
But
some
off
Stood
while
And
We
groped
havin'
And
And
Sorrow
she
heart
to
we
by
end
that
throubled
me
away!
world
and
yearned
that,
free,
day;
day
to
thim
gave
gift
wan
the
shut
end
the
ere
we
more;
was
door!
earned,
learned
OF
USE
RIGHT
THE
Temple
CRITIC,
respect, said
all wrong.
to
than
more
tesy
cour-
after
me
"
"
You
work
itselfwill be
have
say,
readingmy previousesLeisure* : Very fine;but your premises
that most
assume
people do not find their
Wanted
are
Scott
opinionI
for whose
LEISURE
I would
write
essay,
it was
and
because
call it
I
was
might be a joy,
written.
that I was
moved
to write as I had
My complaintis
for Leisure was
that peoplehave lost heart,and my demand
by
of givingthem hope to take heart again. For there is no
way
hope for them in work as it is done to-day,and they cannot take
desirous
to
joy."
another
repliedthat
people so that
Then
If
It all depends
heart in it because
heart be also."
seekers
it ends
"
Where
to
by showing them
work
urge
that
thy treasure
and
men
they can
women
no
ing
enrich-
be
treasure-
for
be treasure-finders;
one
way,
it
so
to
seems
me,
modern
wise
Kempis;
Dante
St.
stoy
Spinoza to Kant and Tolset themselves this question.They approached it from the
pointof view of the Idealist,and they gave happinesson the
condition of the re-birth of the spirit
of man.
So convincing
was
their reasoning,
and so moving was
their appeal,that they did
and women
and men
actuallyawaken and change that spirit;
men
Bruno
and
Aurelius
from
In the
and
May
77
Forum.
78
THE
began
live in
to
Brotherhood
new
FORUM
ways;
they began
to
and could
not
of Man.
did
men
not
man
maker
of
new
environments
new
again make
change is a
more
the
which, in
environments, and
new
he is much
so
on,
ideas,which
newer
Every
continually.
problems,but
bring new
conditions may
and
we
shall
of human
Under
never
man
any
tions
condi-
His method
be born to show us the way
out.
inevitably
but that is not to say it
not be practicable
at the moment;
may
zens
It is for us, the living,
will be impossible.
working,hoping citi-
will
of the world,
it,and
at
we
so
make
and, no
first,
to
it
conditions
make
livingtruth.
doubt, fail in
helpus also to
do
our
our
help us
experimentwith it
but the fact that
experiments;
We
to
will
understand
growing to
doing our
love it.
best with it
are, and
We
ideas have
not
:are
take
we
fico for
or
have
we
no
79
We
for them.
use
mere
LEISURE
OF
people,
pridein sayingit,a practical
fitconditions
to
USE
RIGHT
THE
be embodied
cannot
Yet we
not
are
or
a working machine.
workingprinciple
acknowlmaterialists. We do confess and thankfully
tltogether
:dge that ideas have been embodied, both as machines and
is a
lations. The
nation is itselfthe
American
men
created
are
the trial?
make
not
is that
uspicion
nachine
we
true
"
we
aversion and
our
enough. We
Is it
decide if
we
can
intended it to
we
idea
ideals?
from
for
reason
Realists
not
are
than what
more
no
The
an
and the
to life,
rights
liberty
fiven
of and so averse
t that we
are
so
suspicious
But how
"ecause
theyare not practicable?
lo
of
outcome
expect from
a
an
that we alter it in
at once, forgetting
everything
behe very act of realizing
it. Every Ideal must, necessarily,
knows
ome
degradedin its embodiment as a Real. The spirit
than the body can
We
make no allowance for
riore
express.
his ; and yet we go to the opposite
when we have found
extreme
deal
Practical Ideal.
l
'
expect
we
truth
"
and
"
For
then
we
become
"
validitythat
hedge
we
so
enamored
of its
with prece-
it round
ivingGod
and
become
ude is so determined
ervingeven
of
idolaters.
that
we
count
our
punishingcondemnation.
)f history
and the bloodshed
of revolutions.
sts
o
each
1
us
The
We
the martyrs
are
not
that there is no
Reallimit
to
how.
of man,"
spirit
frozen in ice,nor
lot
Hence
says Mr.
bound
on
Lowes
wheel
Dickenson
"
finely,is
of fire;rather it moves
THE
80
when
its message
will be the
truth
one
which he will be
to
pelled
com-
give heed.
to
It
FORUM
time
requires
become
exhausted
even
Ideal
single
to
in
under which
produced a
alert
to
United
new
radiant in the
his conquest
from
this life of
of which
half
form
new
as-
freedom.
political
of
of
The
old
wealth, into
craft.
political
the powers,
now
are
alive and
man
nature.
cal
politi-
over
new
of
century and
the average
or
selfishness,
has sprung
Ideal
practical
glory of
sertiveness,
a new
we
kind of citizen
chance
every
The
States.
it was
the powerfulconcentrate
permitthem the opportunity,
all their masterlyabilitiesof machinery and brain to
When
of power
for themselves.
the acquisition
they succeed,
either as capitalists,
corporationlawyers,or political
party
fashion as did the
bosses, they use it after much the same
equality
feudal barons.
So the old problemsof class distinction and inin a new
in living
form, and once
more
come
up once
are
no
longer equal,no longer free, and no longer
againmen
fice
does not suffreedom, evidently,
happy. The Ideal of political
for the new
conditions;it is not working well; we are ready
freedom
"
for
to
"
new
We
Ideal.
shall
never
enjoywhat
we
have
unless
we
use
to
mulate.
for-
it. The'
of Leisure.
the right
of Leisure,means,
use
therefore,
possession
To enjoyLeisure is,however, onlyone of the ways of usingit. It
is a very good way; perhaps,the best of all ways, but like all
to
good things,it offers the temptationof its abuse, especially
those who have not been accustomed to having good things.
And
nowhere
is this abuse
more
THE
82
healthymind.
of to-dayis that
althoughour
One
to
there
are
sickness and
sick minds
our
why
reason
we
are
few
nity,
healthyminds in the commuare
colleges
gymnasiums for athleticsand the
sports. A healthymind will compel the body to be
nurseries of
free from
FORUM
disease;for half
minds
"
that
minds made
command;
so
unable
are
sicknesses
our
to
due
are
will,and powerless
and distressed
by
the fear of poverty and the fear of disgraceful
death. A healthy
mind is a sane
mind; an honest plumber and an honest sanitary
desirable to it than a famous physician.It
inspectorare more
believes in the preventionof disease rather than in its pathology.
to
It makes
for courage
and
in momentous
terprises,
enwillingness
of bearing children.
in the great enterprise
especially
It will see that the body is healthybefore it permitsit the high
adventure of foundinga home; and it will act thus accordingto
the dictates of its own
fathers and
exalted
of
high sense
unwillingmothers who
are
is the
nobility.It
ignoble
bastards,the
of
spawn
fertileseeds.
With
process
the emotions.
Mr.
as
of freedom
We
must
Charles
may
Pure
and
intuitive,
a seeing,
not
say.
emotion
a
pass, in order
must
Ferguson would
is an
this soil
process,
air
life-giving
as
there is stillanother
through which
process,
is
to
refining
that the
particle.This
intellectualizing
tion,
and feel with discreThe
mind
functions
passionlet loose; it
constructive force.
Pure
tellect
in-
is power
let loose; it is a constructive force,but it is a
the
blind force, for it sees with the outward
eye only. When
emotions
are
rationalized,
they are
emotionalized, it is saved.
power
guided;when
pure
impartedto
the intellectis
enthusiasm
them
and
pure
of
the fine qualities
RIGHT
THE
each other.
OF
USE
LEISURE
83
chines,
ma-
builds
of art, writes inspiring
paintsmasterpieces
poems,
converts
cathedrals,
peopleto new faiths and heartens
splendid
ideals and brings
and reveals new
them with new
aspirations,
ant
noble-minded citizens. In a peoplethis resultup strong-bodied,
Civilization. A civilized peopleis thus in
force is known
as
force. It demonstrates this by realizing
itselfa creating
ideals;
for communal
by making real the dreams of its poets; utilizing
embodying in its political
purposes the machines of its inventors;
and the organizations
and social life the systems of its statesmen
of its industrial leaders,translating
the hopes of fathers and
mothers into happy homes.
Its Church is the Church of pragmatic
Practical
Ideal.
and
its
the
of
the
truth,
religion worship
It does all these things
dencies
tenby subduingthe natural self-seeking
for the purpose of social wellbeing,for the healthyorganicgrowth of a community in which
of its individual members
the individual
it and it him.
serves
and the
political
economic.
The political
side deals with the rightsto personal
freedom of the individual members
within the community,and
the sanctions by which these rights
ing
are
preventedfrom interferwith the solidarity
of the social state.
The best practical
ideal so far developedby Civilization for this purpose is Democracy
the government
of the people,by the people,for the
in political
freedom.
The economic side deals
people resulting
with the rights
of the individual to enjoythe fruits of the earth
and the productsof his labor. This is economic freedom, the
establishment of which will be one of the rightuses of Leisure.
So far,to satisfy
this side,Civilization has evolved the method
known as Competition,
ideal when carefully
limited
a practical
to itsproper sphereof activity;
but when allowed free play,as it
has been, the rightsof the individual to enjoy the fruits of
the earth and the productof his labor are left to take care
of
themselves. Instead of making for economic freedom it has resulted
in the unrestrained scramble of a medley of individuals,
each trying
to get the better of the other, and the rights
of one
beingobtained at the sacrificeof the other.
Now
there
are
two
sides
to
social life
"
the
"
"
Modern
Civilizationhas failed
to
make
good
its claim
to
its
THE
84
title. Its
freedom
The
freedom
political
to
method
the
to
is
It has
failed from
two
causes.
the
was
it
purelyintellectualconsideration
economic freedom. It appliedthe same
its economic
in the
problem of
freedom.
letter,and
dead
infernal machine.
an
firstis to be found
gave
FORUM
it did
as
to
that of
Economic
profounderror.
cal
politi-
freedom
is the lifeand
of a community,and life
happinessof the members
and happinessare not subject-matters
for political
but
science,
for ethics. Politics is the science of the mechanics of a society;
economics is its ethics. Every economic problem is,at bottom, a
problem in morals. This we are onlybeginningto see, but we
shall
itbetter when
see
for then
the
shall
we
in
figured-blocks
"
not
treat
Showing
our
not
with
concerned
out
logic. How
looked
for the
that
matters
we
Plutarch,that
the brave
The
we
ever
cause
"
of seed,
sweet;
see't."
kind
face and
science
economic
our
were
to
as
bloodless
as
with
be
not
must
mathematics
if
settlesocial questions
stone
our
"
sweet
people? It is not of
must
hearts of
second
face and
forsooth
are
if theywere
revealed;
in the peep
kind
you
souls,because
as
read,
you
peeps
Cloaked, but
have
women
ing;
reason-
our
sightfor thingsafield,
you
Look
part of
machine.
calculating
Where
and
men
Farther, deeper,may
Have
We
intuitions form
our
and
our
we
if
or
leave
timber,said
but of
cities,
citizens.
on
ilization
civ-
enough; it has
The problem of
not
yet had the material with which to work.
zens
citieconomic freedom depends absolutely
the healthy-minded
on
citizens are possible
themselves,and healthy-minded
onlyin
sure,
a community which
permitsits members the enjoymentof Leiand offers every facility
A civilizednation
for its right
use.
is like an Atlantic
without civilized citizens,
if that were
possible,
lies in the fact that it is
liner with
an
crew
incompetent
to
not
work
civilized
RIGHT
THE
bunkers empty.
OF
USE
LEISURE
S$
on
the
ocean
because
chinery,
ma-
ing
wantingin the will-
cooperative
thought. She may have a superiorwithout a subut these are helpless
and officers,
minded captain
perior-minde
The rightuse of Leisure is to educate the
crew.
average citizen to be high-minded.Leisure produced the highthe lover of art and the patron of genius;
minded
aristocrat,
there is no reason
why itshould not also producethe high-minded
and encourage
with equalpower to appreciate
art and
citizen,
genius,and with even greater power to maintain them. And
power
of
our
problemof
broadlythe rightuse
alwayshave the power
economic
freedom
will be solved.
of Leisure is to fitourselves
so
we
to
THE
86
too, have
FORUM
"
lost
"
poor
Leisure is now
"
and
"
laboring
poor
latter that
what
the
they may
theyhave
"
done
mattrass
"of
grave
themselves,and
to
take
complainingand
cease
"
as
alike may
rise up from
theymay
open
what
to
their eyes
they can do
to
to
themselves.
redeem
We
are
freedom.
now
"
We
shall
we
givenus
not
abuse this
shall not
with itwhen
guarantee
rightalso ?
have
we
what
no
How
no
us
to
as
to
give that
we
ask
we
keep it,and
to
power
can
can
entrusted
to be
have lost
the
even
we
but
to
to
pare
pre-
lighttask;
it means
there is
the power;
no
other
to a true
Complaining,begging,and
way.
againto
washed
us
unto
us
until we
pure
our
hearts.
So that
of Atonement, also.
Day
your
you, and ye shall afflict
the
to
freedom
high spiritof
theygave
All of
"
us
"
our
our
"
lives. Not
day of
It is
Leisure
Sabbath
as
well
we
"
as
must
of solemn
have
forefathers;we
be for
must
rest
ful
have been unfaith-
We
souls."
souls,and
mere
ver.
shekels of sil-
laboringpoor
"
the
bartered
"
have
"
highlyresolve
of
of faith,
but by living
by professions
"
to
faith.
RIGHT
THE
rilledwith Fourth
hearts continue
Let
us
find out,
hearts and
regainour
have gone
we
renew
wrong;
we
hopes.
our
fulfils
thingin which every man
in doing? It is realizing
his success
delight
87
of
day of Leisure,what
it is that
why
LEISURE
and yet
Julyprofessions,
by Fifth of July repudiations.
be broken
to
this
on
and is ailing
us;
may
OF
USE
most
one
"
also
He
"
can
It is good." He
the work
of his hands
"
it,because he has
and
made
good."
Making good is the free man's part it is his happiness.
idle rich are wretched,because theyare not
The
making
are
good." The
laboringpoor
unhappy,because they have
idle rich
made good." The
not
not
are
making good
because theydo not use their time for creative ends. The
boring
lamade
have not
good because they have not
poor
say,
can
say
"
11
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
good
"
is the
It is
not
to
"
learn how
for
onlyhappiness,
experienced
by the
idle rich
"
"
because
they
conscious of life.
therefore,never
are,
It is not
ing
Yes, this " mak-
to create.
"
or
mere
made
at
current
to serve
the
root
of all human
of existence in which
as
the
planksof
raft
sorrow;
we
on
are
life is
either
which others
float.
Our
freedom
THE
88
will remain
FORUM
imprisoned
by the
habit.
will become
There
be
must
witch of
and
contentment
our
no
placent
comor
man,
he
of
dom
capitaland implacableselfishness. The dire foe of freeis automatism,the mere
response to stimuli from without;
blind unconscious movement,
moving only by the compulsion
are
the formulas
of freedom.
the slaves of
of
formulas,even
trulyfree
of the
that he is continually
making fresh
man
formulas
11
The
of
of life.
final formula
no
spirit,"
plication
says Bergson, with a profound apof the phrase. And our
ardent enthusiasm,as
most
it is externalized into action,is so naturally
congealed
cold calculation of interest or vanity,
that one
takes so
"
soon
as
into the
easilythe shape
doubt
did
our
our
gether,
might confuse them tosincerity,
deny goodness and love,if we
own
dead
living." The
which
other,that
we
know
not
of the
have
sloth. We
the
are
must
to
see
it that
the
for
what
what
freedom
we
have
it we
formulation
new
compelsif we
never
are
now
are
to
of
of
a
our
life of freedom
idleness and
shall
activity
That
activity.
an
new
continue free.
our
allow
we
followingthe formulation
a
of
through
the moment
moment
lovelycreations
devitalized
become
And
have
we
not
spasmodicand
is
that is
stood
under-
the slaves of
circumstance,
be
tem,
sys-
therefore
prisonme
We moved
onlywhen we could no longer suffer imcataclysmic.
by imposed dogmas and ingrainedhabits. This was
not
livingthe free
and
jetsam on
the
interrupted
the
current
flow and
of life which
is
to
of its river,
piecesof inert
waves
subdues circumstances
impeded itsprogress.
the
profoundpower
passingthrough him.
by
be flotsam
that
matter
free
man
man
rent
cur-
is
THE
90
FORUM
schoolmasters
the centres
so
onlywith children,
we
learn
may
cannot
hope and
which
shall be the
love
to
work
we
keep
may
blue skies
and under
brooks
that
that
over
grassy
by rippling
vested greens,"
wander
nature
the
at
young;
"
same
of hope. If we
breeding-time
for hope,I pointto
subject-matters
for immediate
are
looking
the condition
moulded
have become
to
in the forms
hope much
will respond,
if but
who
own
by
an
peal
ap-
to
are
with.
work
How
with
them
inspire
giftof creative
It may be they
of fear for the future welfare of those of
out
it is otherwise.
With
hopes,and
new
will not
these
endow
to
them
with the
help us
power;
if
we
to
look
But let us
for it;that
chained
convention,nor
we
are
are
rightmethod.
free
When
them
to
to
those who
of custom,
their
from
thus free
our
firstsee
we
to
are
the tendency
direction,
it that
to
manacled
not
we,
live
to
selves
our-
lished
by estab-
condemninghabit.
in us, our hope will
buoyanton the life
of love.
It is the
that
are
the rock of
we
who
see
pathosof
see
our
present economic
and
suffering
realized the
new
are
under them
suffering
may
room
not
for
human
RIGHT
THE
USE
we
enter
not
may
it,we
children who
broad
acres
Land
have cleared.
we
easy
of the
citiesof freedom
our
make
so
91
rate, make
inhabit it. On
to
pioneersthroughthe
are
we
destined
are
LEISURE
of
goodliness
can, at any
it,and
to
OF
and firm
the march
of
Ideal,and
day,
some
happinesson the
meantime, our hope fillsus
and an interesting
terprise
ennew
In the
and
"
of
the work
the
sure
trea-
in
and only awaits discovery
itself,
our
treasure
our
afar.
we
of
experience
your
to
seem
the meantime?
the poor
it? No
content
in
be
man
it,and
But I do
can
onlyanswer
helpedin
: Will
question
be
to
worse
now
without
one
to
can
what
it is were
over
and
when
That
its peopleso
utterly
helpless.On
again,theyhave
over
at
a
failed
never
stake; and
respondhighly
they always made good.
to
goodly,so
the contrary,
in any other
blessed with
bountifully
not
nature's richest
these,for good
if
even
reasons
of their own,
will never
the existing
situation.
theyappreciate
lighten
en-
FORUM
THE
92
And, indeed,there is
need
no
will but
see
to
it that each
enough and
is
for poverty
has fair
man
and
want
or
for all,if
more,
play and
its
we
deal,
square
of life be
not
are
system
so
on
advantaged
the
to
be freed from
one
business life on
as
the other.
The
the
dogmatism of
of the demands
humanities
are
of
sacrificed to the
a young
so that education is directed to fitting
inhumanities,
man
for fighting
others rather than for fighting
himself
fulfilling
"
himself.
This
out
of
our
The
men.
undergraduate'ssense
of noblesse
oblige
nursed by tutorial
be
alert and
an
in his business
misfortune, and
the
competitive
system
cheap
"
that
sets
more
our
misfortune
that makes
store
on
also.
He
is the
productof
on
souls
goodness.
onlywe
THE
RIGHT
rightto life,libertyand
USE
the
OF
LEISURE
93
session.
pos-
if
for the women
of leisure,
righthere is the opportunity
they are trulyin earnest in their desire to do something with
their wealth of time. They can beginat the foundation,with the
ucators.
edchildren before theyare placedin the keepingof professional
They can make their homes sacred templesredolent of
an
atmosphere that will ever clingto their children wherever
memories
in them that will stay them in
theygo, and ever arouse
them in their moments
their times of temptationand encourage
of
interest themselves also in the homes
of despair.They can
assisted in nourishing
the poor to see that the mothers there are
the children,
that these children are providedwith pure milk.
or
for the Children's
They need not to establish new organizations,
Aid Society
is a splendidexisting
organization.There is a large
fund of living
enthusiasm to draw from for this most
necessary
the
work, and if they will but enter into it in the rightspirit,
coming generationwill bless them. The righteducation of the
most
cryingneed. Let
poor children in our largecitiesis the one
them
address themselves
that with their wonder-working
to
and a fine beginningwill have been made
to the right
power,
And
use
of their Leisure.
We
must
not
to
be done
THE
FEMININE
ACCENT
Shaemas
is the
THIS
day
The
clamor
evidence
as
awakening of
of
Woman-Spirit which
is preparingfor
Laura
made
"
Yet
And
But modern
Lafcadio
is more
woman
Browning
Stillless realization
was
good
and
and
such reservation
as
for
poet of firstnote
Tynan
and
others
Fiona
Macleod.
ago
Mrs.
say:
said."
men
woman,
And
Ada
where
Negri by
Mrs.
and
year,
woman."
was
are
the
spirit,
foreseen
Fiftyyears
its praiseof
Italyhardlyqualifies
"
advent of the
more
familiar.
now
have
some
Hearn
Savio of Turin
at my
Messianic
force; though
to
them
this,among
littleis it
sociologicalfact, the
is the
stand.
under-
ant
of the more-or-less militant claim-
tremendous
than
so
of her brothers
many
feminine sex-consciousness.
as
or
more
woman:
of the
foretold
of the voice of
herself knows,
woman
realized
O Sheel
company.
any
ing
Brownarine
Kath-
In Ameri-
More
keen and
woman
Modern
more
is also
constant
than
man
possessedof much
in her
zations,
realispiritual
age.
courgreater spiritual
sciousness
swaying between the unrelentinginner conof the spirit
and the world's irreverence and infidelity,
in
becomes
and equivocal,
stentorian,
or
or
apologetic
agitated,
his spiritual
acknowledgments. Woman
speaks of the same
breadas
thingswith quietcertainty.The natural role of man
man,
94
adventure
of the worlds
ACCENT
FEMININE
THE
the
seemingof
force and
directness,
a vast
the weaker half,the real
and
timidity
95
to
be indirectin
the
"
"
cumlocuti
ciris remarkable for its hesitancies,
the poetry of men
of sophistication
and elaborate displays
when ithas
women,
aught to
say
Contrasted
of the
spirit,
aught to
express
of the emotions.
the poetry of
men,
women
is
markable
re-
and emotional
quiet,simple,direct spiritual
fear as too
of what men
utterance, its unhesitant expression
This is the feminine accent.
And this in a high degree
naive.
for its
is the mark
Not
that
so
young
Rice.
has
presented
finalwork
or
startling
except perhapsin one poem : Miss Rice
isin no way or degreeprodigious.But she is bound one with the
marked, and
are
plainly
greater women
poets, for her qualities
and her craftsmanship
is that of one who
theyare great qualities,
needs but practice
for improvement;among
other merits,she
does not partakein the common
faults of her greater sisterand careless workmanship. Nor is she one
of
singers,
prolixity
"
the
numerous
men
company,
and
women,
who
concoct
endless
verses
to meet
Poems, by Muriel
Rice.
THE
96
FORUM
these
terly
utthings.It is good to find love treated with a terrible,
calm intensity;
after all the sad thingslove has been used
for in poetry. It is good to find the poet doing justwhat she is
moved
of lyric
by her instinct for form to do in the matter
forms; equallygood that she avoids vain experimentsand all
exaggerations.It is good
to go
as
through
of brave
of earth
the music of
with
and the
waters
delicate music of
more
one
intense of emotion
woman,
or
the
The sense
of heaven, the sweet
rance
fragunreality.
and its comfortingsolidity
well as its grace,
as
vale ; but
throughthis lyric
all,informingall,that finestand most
go
of ancient story
match
to
than
more
winds,these
all,containing
beautiful of presences, a
of soul. And
her intensity
It is
revelation: the
woman's
betrayedMiss Rice
masterlyconciseness
the fewest
lines that
that the
pointedout
into
has moulded
allbut
of these poems
two
into
born,
are
There
intensest pressure of earth's processes.
are
memorable
but the fewest; and poignant,
or
passages,
called Love's
There
But
was
heaven
no
left
us
That
and
press
in
interval
that utter
quiet of the
looks undaunted
at
fray,
"
phrase:
heart
eternity."
the
dreary
expression
no
Passing occurs
anguishof
an
under
diamonds
as
this:
LONDON
AND
THE
Brooks
Sydney
has
NEVER
the
CORONATION
overwhelmingness of London
life seemed
palpableor
so
The
"season"
so
and
oppressiveas
don
Lonat
this
is in full
swing; we have a
and constitutional revolution in progress,
political
complete in
ence
everythingsave barricades and bloodshed; the ImperialConferis sitting;
of pageants, fetes,banquets, concerts, tournaments,
moment.
horse
shows,
picture exhibitions,dinners,balls,
operas,
race
receptions,
end; the
and the
streets
brilliant than
somewhat
I have
resents
ever
the
incongruous touch
city,he
many
on
if
them; and
garlands that
to
grand stands
lendinga
are
and
compensate
console
Indian
isolated,majestically
unnoticed; there, on
11
"
tastic
fan-
ished
griminess of his cher-
the dim
to
more
London-lover
"
the
polesand scaffolding,
fuller and
him,
here,
"
soldier, majestically
British
a
Piccadilly,
"
or
and
the
resplendentheirs
Asia.
The
one
statesmen
responsible
Yet
it is on
and
that
and
to
that is attended;
of the
is
events
gratefulfor
positively
that have
made
misses half
one,
Empire, has
one
no
her
after
any
most
98
Europe
a
dozen
time
to
all,is most
think.
herself
the
dents
long chapter of acci-
not
the
of
Her
under
absorbent
all circum-
AND
LONDON
stances, a
not
anythinglike
don
for the nation. Lonit and
overpowers
in
capital
no
Paris or even
or
ascendencyof London
also no provinces.England undoubtedly
the
But there
Berlin.
or
99
States there is
measure
of
CORONATION
THE
are
One
enjoysit,without
and
questionings,
justas
form
every
of art,
"
and
amusement
any
nate
obsti-
supplanter
centre
for
intellectual diversion,
the
and
year
festivitiesand
one
especially,
go with
Court.
One
wholesome
does
not
ceremonies
and branch
stop
to
that,in
Coronation
from
the presence
whether it is proper
inquire
out
of
and
"
"
"
equableand
unconcerned
"
of
cities,
and, next
to
New
York, the
callous.
every breach of
else
one
decorum
etiquette,
might say of it,is at
or
morals.
least
The
atmosphere to have round one.
had; she is showingjustnow, on
art
a
And
ever
that,what-
and
splendid
has always
memorable
THE
ioo
FORUM
of
engrossment
of
art
domestic
spared from
politics,
privateentertainments
all London
publicfunctions,
with
be
can
and
"
London
for the
the
and
is
moment
England is religiously
talkingEmpire. The
in session
Imperial Conference,the fourth of its kind, is now
synonymous
"
and
of the
British Dominions
self-governing
beyond the seas are taking part in it. There is not quitethe
in 1897,
same
popular interest feltin itsproceedings
as there was
in 1902, and in 1907.
The Boer war
and King Edward's
nation
Corolent to the Conference
of 1902 an extraordinary
siasm;
enthuJubilee,
1897 was the year of Queen Victoria's Diamond
when
1907
emotion
patriotic
are
in
an
state
and in
flood-high;
ran
and the
of
complication
additional curiosity.
This year
of such amazing chaos that the
busy itselfwith any but domestic
to power
ought to stand
on
know
is not
at
their
of adventitious excitements.
so
therefore be less
not
the least
bad
largeextent
reason
to
ago,
it must
not
be assumed
vague
to
seen
their
are
ent
independ-
this one
does
standing
out-
thing. These
merits and be
own
To
than
productive
all
petitor
com-
that it is non-existent.
or
On
nine
the
lishman's
operative.The average EngEmpire does not go very far beyond
alive and
the
cient
pride of ownership,but that pride of ownership is suffimake
him genuinely
Imperial.There is a quitedistinct
of
that these gatherings
society
the leaders of the self-governing
sister-nations for consultation
in history.
under the familyroof-tree are a spectacle
unparalleled
If the knowledge of the preciseproblems theymeet to deal with
all Englishmen are at any rate at one
is capricious
and slight,
consciousness in all classes of
THE
AND
LONDON
CORONATION
101
some
one
shall yet
of their institutions,
rest
purposes,
of the world
of States.
solid unit in the society
single,
is the ideal toward which the British
That unquestionably
Empire is slowly,cumbrouslymoving. But the path is sown
shall take rank
with
as
and there
obstacles,
are
even
aspects in which
would
one
to
presence
South Africa
of
no
presents itselfas
or
New
or
tralia
Aus-
in the
Zealand,you feel yourself
system
a
Great
and linked
independent,
by any but the most
at
all. The
neither
to one
another
nor
to
the motherland
There
is,
runningthrough them
all. But there is no unityof defence,no policyof commercial
preference,
no
action,no visible organic
machineryfor cooperative
unity.It is an Empire in feeling
perhaps,but not in fact.
The
tax
Dominions, almost without exception,
self-governing
Britishgoods as theytax the goods of foreigners.
Great Britain
shoulders almost the whole burden of Imperialdefence. The
relationsbetween the autonomous
and the despotically
governed
of defportionsof the Empire are guidedby no settled principle
THE
102
to
erence
FORUM
Japanese,without
wider issues of
or
by
are
such
action may
affect the
and Australia are creating,
to
which
own
coming,unless statesmanshipcan
Dominions
it,when the five self-governing
navy
by
within the
Empire
of foreigninterests,
safeguardedand
The
five different
by
navies.
to
have
be
soon
they
posal
willingto place without restrictions at the dis-
means
of the British
without
Indian immigrants,
Imperialpolicy.Canada
about
are
no
thought of how
maltreats
mere
sentiment
underlying
in formal arrangements
yet expressed,perhapsinexpressible,
unitynot
its sense
confusions,
and
One
not
now
ence
coher-
possess
is
officialties.
desire is any
British Imperialhistoryis one
Empire
Dominions
thing the self-governing
of
multiplication
from
the
givingto
effectivenessit does
and
symmetry
an
tangiblebonds.
and
of
the interference of
Canadian
it otherwise,any
or
Downing
Australian
toward
dom
free-
statesman
than he would
more
progress
consent
to
have
now
have
his tariff
by the
British
"
developand
and
prosper,
evolvinga
as
the
over-sea
minions
Do-
national consciousness
their
of dependence
feeling
LONDON
CORONATION
THE
AND
103
upon
own
way
all the
becomes
more
to carve
out
fixed.
firmly
are
There
this
road
one
of
to
of trade.
find it
other roads
however, many
are,
Follow
forkingoff
that road
federation besides
the
is,for instance,
you
into three
perial
pathways. One pointsto an ImZollverein,such as exists in Germany and the United
States an arrangement, that is to say, by which all the constituent
parts of the Empire shall enjoy unrestricted free trade
themselves and impose a uniform tariffon foreigngoods
among
and products.The second pathway pointsto an ImperialCustoms
"
it pleaseson
same
have their
shall have
time be
foreignimports. Both
deserted
practically
afford
of which
same
to fixwhat
liberty
these pathways are
at
reason
the Dominions
tariff
now
not
can-
manufactures
restricted
nippedby the unof British goods, and England cannot
ford
afcompetition
her vast foreigntrade by adoptingprotection.
to imperil
There remains the pathway, for an advance along which Mr.
Chamberlain has boldly and eloquently
pleaded,of Imperial
Preference a series of reciprocity
agreements by which British
to
nascent
"
manufactures
would
enter
the markets
of the
THE
io4
products and
raw
British market,
FORUM
thrice
The
rates.
preferential
that policyand so long as
rejected
power
it may
its all-round
be considered
of
out
would
application
the Liberals
onlya
not
mean
Protection.
No
one,
the
It was
court.
enter
in
are
because
rejected
tax
meat
on
corn,
So
at
would
and
system of
final.
however, regards that rejection
as
of the foremost
one
questions
in British
ered
so
long must
politics,
ImperialPreference be considThat it will be given a serious trial before
a possibility.
another decade has passed is extremely
probable. Admirably as
the Liberals have
managed
the Unionists
moment
to
return
and
indefinitely;
office ImperialPreference
cannot
power
during the
last
Apart from
commerce,
the
most
hopefuland
to Imperial Federation
stepping-stone
the
most
sary
neces-
is that of defence.
As
is organizedon a common
military
power
and is preparedto act in time of war
under a single
tion.
direcThis is perhaps the most
urgent and fundamental
tion
ques-
and
and
more
measures,
or
emigration,are
less uniform
certain advance
next
and
few years
treatment.
to
susceptible
all
matters
pace
mere
during the
expansion
THE
106
life
of
difficulty
of
revealed
have
his
in
subjects.
Her
Mary.
afternoon
stiffness
passivity
domestic
virtues
precisely.
feel
in
with
loyalty.
the
for
and
against
of
After
that
sentiments
and
will
demeanor
But
the
these
year's
of
the
are
sincere
is
an
event
regard
have
certain
prevent
ered
show-
was
serious
their
hits
and
the
their
rulers
new
to
ple
peo-
for
regard
Mary
of
experience
heartiest
that
Queen
respects
Coronation
their
English
and
always
affection
and
respectability
all
probably
of
abundance
same
Queen
hats,
set,"
smart
of
short-sleeved
cart-wheel
"
the
said
be
may
much
sentiments
quieter
low-necked,
skirts
tight
derision
in
too,
have
never
the
to
same,
edicts
of
will
appeal
Alexandra.
passion
Englishmen
sincere
the
Queen
with
taste
the
winning
upon
much
against
her
and
from
successful
sumptuary
upon
her
Very
gowns,
drawn
who
Sovereign
making
FORUM
pated
partici-
be
the
most
OF
FAULT
THE
Pound
Ezra
"
Some
SOME
may
may
IT
blamed
have
have blamed
us
that
""
you"
we
cease
speak
early,
to
Saying: she
Of
grace,
Ask
If
Ask
We
no
us
were
we
us
may
no
or
that,this much
107
EDITORIAL
Sir Edward
WHEN
House
of
he did
not
type
In the
In
to
of
be extended
comprehend
not
They
"
name
does
the
and
the
common
ridicule every
description.
they oppose
sense,
toward
movement
ful
harm-
most
not
tian
of Chris-
rudiments
mere
of
hypocrites
are
and
respectability
fine idea
every
"
do
civilized conduct.
or
responding
13,
Taft's
arbitration should
Christian
and
March
on
the British
that
knew
speech in
his
made
Grey
Commons,
President
of
principles
NOTES
progress.
the
of
name
tellect
littlein-
class,which
who
man,
loud voice
the
will
not
claims
to
see
were
have
ever
been
caricature.
gross
stillpowerful, and
are
so
idea
and
he
more
and
the British
and
to
the
be
is
no
ungrown
Foreign Secretaryadmitted
projectmight
to
and
more,
the stubborn
not
in this generation.
come
go
enthusiasm
generous
But
afraid
not
was
made
parochialselfishness
to
and
inaction.
Events
not
on
have
marched
favorablythan
more
comprehensive lines
have
shown
opportunity,and
which
of
shared
it is
in the
an
earnestly
movement
there
may
has
is
movement
happy
momentous
George III,should
But
he
it. It is no
extend
rapidlythan he expected,though
had hoped. Already a treaty based
been drafted,and alreadyother nations
more
at
augury
war
for
that the
provoked by
the Coronation
agreement
has welcomed
of
three
nations
the Ministers
George V
securingpermanent
ering
be considpeace.
of
danger that the complete significance
be
overlooked.
The
108
collective
the
the
publicopinion
NOTES
EDITORIAL
beyond the
dividuals of each
re have gone
stupidor unseeing
allowed to fall again.
be
not
be
cannot
we
this
achievement
an
memorable, that
forever
:ar
far toward
so
of the
standards
nation,must
109
content
with any
mpromise,any less result than an agreement that shall cometelyexclude war, between Great Britain,France, and this
there will
with this accomplished,
untry, at least. And even
main the great but not insoluble problem of reducingarmain
As Baron d'Estournelles de Constant explains
ents.
clearly
article that opens this number, the solution depends on
that this
srlinand Paris. Let France and Germany recognize
e
the Twentieth
e
promise
the
Century,not
of
the
future, not
of
mistakes
the
to
to
the
LSt.
*
The
uld
It remains
to
be
whether
seen
Mexico
disorder will be
constant
*chy.He
industries and
had
certainly
and
institutions,
hich would
an
who
hen he
fall to
not
makes
himself
in
to
long as
of liberty
and
the comprehension
establish
stable government,
removal.
For
failure. Since
the
1876,
firstelected,
Porfirio Diaz held power continuously,
ith the exception
of the four years from 1 880-1 884. He has
was
master
of Mexico
for
declaration againstreelection
riginal
i
his second
resident
two
mitation
was
term
the Constitution
consecutive terms;
abolished
was
over
was
His
thirty
years.
not
long sustained,
amended
in his third
by Congress,and
he
to
allow the
period,every
remained firmly
THE
no
FORUM
the
fixed on
throne
for onlythe insignia
of Imperipresidential
alism
were
lacking. Undoubtedly,as permanent ruler he did
much for the apparent prosperity
of his country; but to imagine
that Mexico has enjoyeda republican
form of government
would
be foolish. Perhaps President Diaz felt that his countrymen
the rights
of citizenship,
not yet able to exercise intelligently
were
his duty to prevent them from making
and that it was
for all executive,
mistakes by assuming sole responsibility
judicial
and legislative
who
during
requirements.Yet the man
has built up no system which will
thirty
years of absolute power
without
work
as
that he
so,
"
his
patriotand
Porfirio Diaz
statesman.
which
self-government,
If
was.
"
in their weakness
garded
re-
considered
to his country.
indispensable
Perhaps he
was
be
to
freedom
and
he
strength.
*
The
accuracy,
"
curious
with
be misunderstood
can
therefore
with
so
has
not
doubt.
If the great
tial
essen-
Supreme Court
Trusts should be
are
corporations
merely to
nally
dissolve nomi-
and
lawyers,it is not
easy
to
see
vindicated.
has been
adequately
importancethat
the Supreme
trative
and adminislegislative
The
the
distinguish
to
that
astonishing
that after
to
worded
from
and
"
subtle
are
shall be
"
Anti-Trust
while the
law
terms
has
been
amended
of the decisions
are
"
"
"
NOTES
EDITORIAL
of reconstruction which
theyinvolve methods and measures
and as
only an administrative body could define or supervise;
the Supreme Court alone can
its decisions authoritatively,
interpret
that
in the finalresort
it alone
can
of
terms
Mr.
Lloyd
has
of
the Exchequer,
his Budget
introducing
I believe that the Navy expenditure
the year.
He said:
in connecreached its climax." This is extremely
tion
important,
and the generalmovement
with Sir Edward
Grey'sactivity
made
for
been
one
notable
statement
in
"
toward
peace
armaments.
If words
are
to
be
by deeds, there is hope that Europe will soon
shamed into abandoningthe childish belligerence
which seems
so
The
in these daysof finer effortand clearer insight.
incongruous
policyof France is alreadyfirmlysettled: defence,but never
to the soaggression.No country has been more
susceptible
called gloryof arms
heavilythan she
; no country has paid more
for her dreams, her triumphs,
has
and defeats. Her manhood
be followed
not
even
now
recovered
Napoleon;the
for powder in
from
of the first
armies of
drafted to supplyfood
boys that were
his later campaigns,removed
a
generationthat
has not yet been replaced.But prosperity
has come
to the country;
nowhere
is
the peoplemore
and nowhere
are
industrious,
wealth more
evenly distributed. Her deliberate policy the
is
policyof the nation,and not merely of the Government
of her
celebrated the jubilee
Italy,which so recently
peace.
national unity,
has no dreams
which could bring her
of war,
her work
nothingbut disaster. England needs no new colonies;
is to establish securely,
the vast federation of
without dictation,
States that her policyhas fostered,and to deal
self-governing
with her own
and terrible social problems. Spain,recovering
political
from anaemia,has no foreign
rapidly
policy,
apart from
Morocco; her internal development,and the status of the
Church and the monarchy,are her special
problems. Austria"
"
THE
ii2
Hungary, with
initiatethem.
factors.
out
All
armaments
be measured.
is focussed
the standard
set
Will
out
responsibility
the publicopinionof
peace? Will not her
in the direction of
personal feuds,and
as
civilized
Where
least
here
"
on
very
the
be
quiteobvious
Miss
to
demand
It is
women.
of conversion
not
never
even
Let them
this
to
attempt
convince
convince
men
If American
of
earnest
united
rightor
combine
women
imaginary,it will
or
need
gists
for the suffratheir claims.
of
justice
of the
her
in
done
has been
work
astic,
still active,enthusibut the anti-suffragettes
direction,
are
and
very
When
numerous.
in America,
"
any
matter
sincere demand
to
and
oppose
real
for any privilege,
be conceded to them.
There is no
certainly
a
to
men
would
aversion.
or
solution
The
Inez Milholland
men
of the
alwaysexpedientfor
suffragist
problem.
colleaguesthat American
wrong,
longer be permittedin
no
is quitesimple. The
differ,it is not
women
hence
agree;
can
society?
*
at
by which
will
whose names
joinhands with the great men
in history,
acceptingthe truism that national feuds are
foolish
as
not
rather
statesmen
in
has
stand
she will
events;
must
the world
of
her
FORUM
so,
State
State,the
antagonism between
the
and
been
as
matter
restrictions will be
sexes
that
persuadedto
united front
will follow
vote
by State, all
they have
has
be presented
can
of
course;
removed.
The.
frequentlybeen
gested,
sug-
be
or
"
When
consideration
"
is that
problem.
between
longerbe
any
the
fragist
suf-
THE
ii4
am
who
creatures
have
he gave
for
me
mother
down
and my
gratitude.He thanked
him.
There
me
times when
is dead.
sat upon
the
to
had
the
chair
collector,
I chose
He
the
chair and
eyes which
not?
only
were
one
my
He
now.
why
"
from
paidhis penny
morning and, as
The
dog.
hand
my
it. The
though I
as
me
pennieswith
at
in such fashion
at me
that
to me
gazed
ever
ugly devil,and
an
FORUM
not
take
to
got any
that way
myself.
Now, when the nursery maid's eyes had passed me over, they
looked at Dandy and her whole expression
changed. I caught
the signof friendliness,
the gentlecome-hitherly
glancewhich I
are
know
look he would
For that
acquaintanceship.
had he been a man
by reason
she would
have answered
not
see
him.
that. And
gazingafter her.
There's nothing more
world than a lonelyman."
Dandy stretched out a
leadingto chance
have
her
spoken to
"
am
man,
As it was,
she
so
sat
"
lonely,Dandy,"
an
"
amendment
in this
for my hand.
He kept beating
I felt his cold littlepads in my
paw
palm, I added
"
said I,
"
Unless
it be
dog
that is
lost."
with
that
me
surelydid
so
So
morning.
his littleears
droop down, his head hang lower and his tail fall limp. Why,
when
even
turned
"
and
up
that
to
sat
I, in
came
It
Do
asked.
you
my
ever
as
passed,he
she
doctor
more
was
He
me.
got down
salute.
from
do,"
I held
I beckoned
his
car;
came
me.
Lazy,luckydevil,"said
I nodded
him
at
sworn
my
speakto
beside
lady smiled
have
in salute.
stop and
and
across
"
said
moment
hand
my
"
I would
away.
My God,"
at
him
beautiful
some
head.
All
he.
men
that.
call me
give consultations
in
placelike
this?
"
GARDEN
THE
made
have
would
He
stoppedhim.
Talk away,"
"
the
11
It
outbred
"
The
eloquentone can be
there is reallynothing
it famous.
made
jack of
man
every
of consultation in
worst
over-bred."
We're
that
suppose
smile wrinkled
Dandy
this.
heard
his head.
on
tongue."
at your
burning down
was
sun
not
nodded.
He
"
minutes.
ten
like
is over-civilized. We're
us
how
this,"said I, in conclusion,"
to
comes
had
answer
professional
at
matter
subtle and
how
of
description
the
over
me
115
said
It is marvellous
RESURRECTION
OF
In
Whichever
his tongue
lolled
the
case
any
it was,
broad
pointedto
same
sort
out.
him.
"
You
lives.
II
"
Well
want
it's an
"
change?
matter
course
live the
obvious
of
"
"
That's it. A
1
completechange of place."
I want
a
wrong," said I.
complete change
"
You're
time.
to
of
"
at
the
Nothing
"
look
can
want
to
to
hundred
ago."
years
"
get there.
Italyfor
it
over
back
go
week
get
"
No
out
look
"
two
or
"
here
drop
it's not
"
down
into
of
late.
too
Sicily
"
Run
off
take your
like
if you
how
you
and
"
to
time
don't go
alone."
"
shouldn't,"said I.
"You
know
I looked down
1
But I shan't
You
don't
"What's
Dandy. Dandy
You
go," I said.
at
"
seem
that?"
shrugged my
II
I'm
an
of someone?"
to
realize the
he asked.
shoulders.
ugly devil,"said
I.
looked
haven't
worst
up
at
me.
diagnosedthe
symptom
ease.
dis-
of it all."
THE
n6
FORUM
CHAPTER
Italy
not
are
good
no
was
I have
dust in
For
few
did
Odessa
if I had
as
his
of them,
minutes
mere
of what
he was,
he executed
protrudingfrom his sides,
of
dance
exhausted
joy as
he
wouldn't
of
him.
In
good feedinghad
at
by and
gone
for
was
"
I.
"
went
If you
Odessa."
You're
he had
more,
well," I
"
off
setting
on,
but remember
coming.
that's all
"
that God-forsaken
not
shook
He
"
very
two
"
"
his
war
never
arms.
saw
ribs,a scale
put up with
I think he
strengthleft in
in my
last he
at
violent
so
been
"
it should
him
to
few months
all the
lyingbreathless
was
swore
East
I know
shadow
the
suffered quarantine
cheerfully
when
out,
and
snow
in the
norant.
ig-
are
of your
sake he has
my
There
his littlefootmarks
seen
placeswhere
been.
ever
I had
to me.
in
corners
many
II
"
spot,
Get
the
station."
In time he
his
about
could
him
see
as
ears.
"
"
found
He
His leash
thinkingit out,
were
saying
"
if he
I went
to
it alwayswas.
where
eyes
began
"
with him
"
gradual dropping
in the
corner
puzzledfrown
There's
last time
his coat-brush
was
with
came
of
mistake.
course,
there's
his
between
some
gets
for-
He
take
mis-
some
was,
his
ears
dance, a wild
began his get-ready-to-go-out
of terpsichorean
art, on his hind legs.
prickedup
"
and he
You're
not
in the
steadily
It
eyes.
At
and
I looked
to
turn
hibition
ex-
him
away.
the expression
then that twisted his face.
piteous,
he stood
With his tail a limp and a foolish-looking
thing,
was
too
the
upon
doorstepand
of the window
It
OF
GARDEN
THE
hand
out
look back.
not
of the hand
wave
117
me
at
that
was
saw
RESURRECTION
I had
knew
been
joke.
There
was,
"
"
I got
When
of the taxi
out
splashedwith
there he was,
at
Victoria,to
behind
mud
amazement,
my
wheels from
our
to
nose
tail.
"
knew
"
jollygood joke!
there
good
We
these?
then
was
can
of envy
I explain? Life
ever
come
no
has
ever
morning,Dandy
in my mind.
stilllingering
has
in trouble
a
disease
as
instead.
the back
And
reached
never
man
sees
he
suggest
life;
in the whole
me
me
whom
to
No
me.
"
love affair to
of my existence. Whenever
a
the back; whenever
I meet
a woman
course
on
was,
lunch that
to
has
Dandy
there
so
woman
man
And
to
taste
to me
jollygood jokeI
mistake."
some
back home
walked
I with the
forlorn,
How
been
littledevil had
What
have
must
"
he roared.
slapsme
on
Italyfor
such
that!
nightor
two
where
restaurant
casionally
oc-
woman
laughterfliesafter them.
Sometimes there I can imagineI have never
and when
seen
forty,
I assure
it seems
nothing nothing
myselfthat I am forty-three,
of Lethe are in the very finger-bowls
their
at all. The waters
on
it
tables,
though often indeed,as I have rubbed it on my lips,
I have tasted the waters
of Marah.
That nightafter supseems
per,
I sat in the lounge outside,
takingmy coffee. At the other
end of the settee I had chosen sat a woman
tening
lisof twenty-eight,
Here
to the egotismof a boy of twenty-six.
patiently
and there she placeda word with cunningknowledgeof his kind.
Now and again she laughed,when immediatelyrose his empty
bark above it. At times he laughedall by himself.
I suppose I shall have to marry her one of these days and
"
"
him
say, and
from
that
moment
my
ears
n8
THE
caught
stilted
sound
no
FORUM
other than
their
two
narrative,hers in encouragingassent.
It
was
story
no
woman,
furious in my
has
man
racingin
fingers.It
very
the
my
seemed
he had been
the West
to
caught her
it. Clarissa
those
And
I heard
"
give you
must
barkinglaugh
Could
justher Christian
only Clarissa
"
youthswho
how
her
name,
his,I could
it have been
islands
sunny
Behind
see
make
all his
was
his story
boastingand
broughther
of
one
how
that gray
He
more.
to
names
anythingbut
to
no
he disclosed
as
name,
true.
that
too.
from
he had
taken her?
I
France
to
world
great
has
ever
And
historyto
make
this
as
well.
of his
care
need of
Only the
seen.
tragedyas
In the
"
he had
aunts
two
to
stay for
placedher.
some
time.
She
wants
knows
ought to
here to school.
I had thoughts of her coming over
But she's
old for that;besides,
tucked away there in Ballyshe's nicely
too
woman
sheen."
The
was
struck
name
it familiar?
know
an
Irish
me
of
my
ears.
But I had
anywhere.
glassbetokened
wandering in
my
of those tricks of
I beckoned
follow it out.
empty
name
One
quicklyon
my
no
inclination then
idleness.
direction.
Ballysheen? Why
sense, perhaps. You
The
for when
listening,
I could
man
man
see
would
the woman's
never
have
to
My
eyes
pected
sus-
OF
GARDEN
THE
Women,
it absorbs him.
RESURRECTION
find,are
119
different.
They
are
ever
thingsabout them.
is she going to be taught?" she asked when her
How
of my glass.
were
allayedby the filling
suspicions
and slowlyblew out the
He inhaled deeplyof his cigarette
teach her," said he.
smoke between pursedlips. Oh
they'll
From his ill-phrased
his two maiden aunts.
And they were
of them, I could see it all. He had caughta bird of
description
brilliantplumage in the wild heart of a tropicforest,and to a
foot by three he had broughther; a cage hung in some
cage one
the lightof the sun
could enter.
dull drab room,
where never
and their littleprejudices,
Behind the bars of their littlebigotries
this poor untamed
creature
was
beatingher tired wings,or she
there waitingwith watchingeyes for him to return
was
sitting
of the thousand
aware
"
"
"
"
and marry
It was
her.
the
not
of his
manner
that
telling
made
the story
real.
It
those
place. That glareof lights,
the
was
sinuous sounds
of
artificiality
to the
a glass
in public
but I had
places;
lips!You
heard
never
Her
father
attracted him
"
anythingmore
so
wealthy,
was
to
She'll have
It
it seemed.
was
the match.
ten
thousand,when
marry," he continued;
we
worth
And more
when her father
about, you know.
thinking
dies. But there's one ghastlydrawback.
I got used to it over
for instance,
there;but since I've been back in England talking,
to women
like yourself I sometimes wonder how the devil I'm
goingto do it."
"
"
You
don't
to
mean
"
said his
companion,
in horror.
Back
"
would
went
Good
Lord!
tempt
thingas
much
me
as
No!
to
marry
laughedrightdown
my
spine.
You
a
anybody. No,
she's beautiful
enough,but
she's
THE
120
colored.
There's
there
was
all
Her
FORUM
self
itfamily. In most of them it'sworn
but she's a set back.
it.
You
can
see
completely,
black as pitch. Not a mat, thank God; it'sfine
as
out
too.
enough. Her skin's quiteolive,
when
things.Wanted
that.
to
generationsback
black in the
hair's
colored
Three
The
dress herself in
to
satin
canary-colored
Oh, I've no
stop
I think
tle
justthat touch made me see it most of all. The litcreature
puttingon her brightplumage,the very colors which
Nature givesto those whose home is in the sun, and then to have
them
Her
learns
quickly
one
"
in such
despair,
all the forms
from
spirit
it most
see
And
room
lesson of
that.
as
of chastisement
the
be the
aunts
skies
lightless
obedience,the obedience
Ready
that
old maiden
two
can
to
so
break
soon
satin
Just that canary-colored
sun.
of
of
be
down
made
a
me
of all.
did his
what
aunts
It
if I had wondered
as
roof would
school-room
black
religious
Oh, no doubt, they
was
tion
ques-
thought.
to my
"
"
don't believe
The
our
they like it
inch of which
all. We're
rich wife.
an
old
family,you
at
my
For
aunts
that
has gone.
live in.
reason
He
The
gave
is the greatest
curse
you
us
only property
see.
can
have.
drop
They
won't
I can
tell you, it'sa mystery
let anyone get a glimpse of her.
there's someone
there. Everybody knows
over
stayingin the
house
you
"
but
know.
her put
they won't
They take
veil
over
her
let her be
her
out
face.
seen.
Rather
wouldn't
rough
it'sdark
her,
on
"
believe it in
make
a
cos-
THE
122
"
We
I've
It is not
doubt
no
she won't."
all do; but, unfortunately,
alwaysmaking
am
friend,"said I,
Ah, my
spoilyou.
to
FORUM
they do
such
to
of
heap
Dandy.
good
to me.
By nighttime
after it. When
wind
walked
home
and
coat
wet
how
he
in the world
one
was
cavernous
that and
positionas
who
on
your
and
joviallaughter
back again? Perhaps
like
have greeteda man
yawns
have
to
wondered, would
your
was
comfortable
say between
jollyglad
there
such
rapturously
upon
greet you
of person,
manner
to
to
My steps quickenedas I pictured
Dandy lyingcurled in a completecircle upon
hearthrug. What
rise
of others
score
room.
my
myselfthe sightof
the
restaurant
with
streets
drawn
burning in
was
of the
out
came
scouring the
was
cloud had
that gray
you
would
that.
Clarissa.
tears
doubt
at
such
than
more
to
laughter,there would be
of gratitudeif Clarissa's lover came
be
hour
an
as
not
completecircle
that she
even
of
fireby which
No
contentment.
fast
was
"
or
was
lyingawake
she
what
to
hopelessness
knew
not.
So few, few
"
"that
treat
men
it. So
far
as
man
as
No, it was
Surelyshe
she did
likely
that!
more
do.
law of God
But what
makes
women
Nature
or
I could
it,"said I
so?"
Had
to
dignity
my
women
shred of
is
see
there
there been
myself,
an
swer
an-
was
to
none.
Unless," I
OF
GARDEN
THE
RESURRECTION
"
better of
no
123
us
more."
words
The
to
flatly
heard
Here, I say."
was
as
passed I
tradicted
con-
girlwas
tering
there,shel-
the door.
is it?" I asked.
What
Perhaps the
tone
thousand other
say, for
goingto
when
doorway
"
"
From
face.
my
mind
my
voice.
woman's
entered
scarcely
had
them.
"
is it? "
What
I asked
again.
Would
Now
should
you
have
the
surprise.It was
I
very question
I had
from
they asked
us
ask of any
woman
In
never
because
awkward
some
reached
But it is more
to
woman
ever
man
me
"
better.
no
has
woman
Yet
put
face I
my
direct
an
answer
myselfbut
received the
worst
what
can
"
ever
have
better
come
"
adorned from
women
charity?
effort to explain
I
than that
I have
that
had
said she.
than
no
say to me,
has.
assumed
"
across
so
hide the
to
my
felt more
to
assumption,
to my
giveme
to
I received
had
not
like
doubt
smile;no
Come
known
and
women
whom
me
in trouble.
often wanted
hat."
I would
No
like
woman
to
have
own
was
buy
me
THE
i24
I looked
"
I.
whole
I could
and
"
street
street.
difficultto get
so
She
empty.
was
she
see
be wet
must
You'd
whistle for
shadow,
this umbrella.
I get them
while
to
"
taxi.'
She stood
under
come
sit indoors
better
cab," said
of the
peeredout
"
justhere.
the
as
the skin.
to
here," I continued,
Look
live
the
You
The
and down
up
FORUM
quitestillfor
Women
thing to do.
and stared
moment
behave
It
at times.
ridiculously
the
and
of what
was
ish
fool-
at me.
at
was
as
me
saying. I
aware.
was
"
Be
good enough
severely.Then
As
there
myselfthat
moment
do them.
this
two
were
aspects
He
man.
There
I have
umbrella,"I repeated,
obeyed.
my
alwaysdoes.
under
come
along in silence to
walked
we
for the
she
to
my
the
to
would
be
door, I began
I had
case.
He
me.
knows
to
come
see
forgotten
waitingup for
littlethings,and Moxon
are
to
how
to
would
he
like this?
"
Oh, Moxon
have
said it
Moxon
"
He
looks after
was
not
have
almost
"
swell,then?
tell me
what
you'll
if you'reright."
for
for
swell's
confirmed
she said.
the
too.
question,
If
prompted her
"
who
sympathetically
me
opinionin her
quitesane; that Moxon, indeed,was my keeper,
littletillI laughed and explained.
a
away
Whereupon
"
must
me," I replied.
must
She said it as
you
course,
was.
that I
"
I, and, of
out
I think that
"
said
be damned,"
an
few
you
mean
moments
answer,
she
by that,"said I,
she
was
"
I'll tell
but when
silent,
said,
swell."
Then
the description
doesn't applyto me,"
certainly
I opened my door.
and, takingout the latchkey,
At firstshe hesitated
sleeve of her dress
was
to
come
drenched.
arm.
plied,
re-
The
THE
"
You
OF
GARDEN
RESURRECTION
said I.
mustn't stay outside,"
"
125
Justcome
and wait in
while Moxon
sitting-room
gets a taxi.' He won't be long."
I opened the door, there,sure
The moment
enough, was
Dandy to his feet,but at the sightof my visitorhe arrested all
motion and glared. At this time of nightI was
his personalbelonging.
my
He
was
he turned round
at me,
so
This
from
There
was
doubt
no
he
sented
re-
When
never
proach
re-
saw
Moxon," and I
with
himself.
to
me
"
had
I turned
rang
the bell.
round, she
was
lookingall about
the
room
silentwonder
I felt almost
in that look
squalidlittle
rooms.
"
the
The
world
is hard
of Clarissa
name
was
justgoingto
women," I said
like
came
in her littlegown
I
on
of
an
myself,and again
rissa
my thoughts. Cla-
to
echo into
satin.
canary-colored
ask her
more
she forestalled
me.
II
Do
you
I nodded
"All
this to
"
she asked.
head.
yourself?"
I nodded again.
"Aren't you lonely?"
I felt grateful
for Moxon's
to
"
entrance.
that
He
leaptinto
was
crous
ludi-
behold.
"
Is that Moxon?
"
she asked,when
he had
gone.
'
11
It is."
"
What's
"
I shouldn't
believe
She
then
to
came
should
then
did you
above
all
told her
flashed
women
that
is the whole
do with
world
brought
of
appeal to
"
"
That's
true," said I,
looked
at
from
What, become
to
someone
her
own
She
"
whole
me
of
years
to
One
everything.
in distress.
to
come
hold
that
I
and
in
woman
I have
What
did.
You
me.
That's
in Ireland
to
were
taxi
me."
know
don't
and
"
the
She'll
good
for it
day,"
she
Go
and
out
saving any
you
woman
for it."
said, and
there
were
in her voice.
I
and
things differently,
saw
room.
for the
lady," said
he.
tilt
lost her
child who's
of
only hate
the face.
one
"
said I.
strangelyin
you
"
laughed.
Quixote !
What's
and, almost
"
her?
to
go
you
knight-errantto
pose
terror
'
doesn't
she
Why
Don
into the
'
"
infatuation?
She'll thank
The
But
she asked.
If this child
"
chair
else !
looked
Moxon
"
"
me?
"
Suddenly, then,
came
always
me
in my
windmills, try
heart
did?
"
she?
can
I leant back
"
it if I
"
Why
answer.
me
How
She
irrelevant
women
in here.
you
asked.
just heard.
Nothing,"
the fire,and
giftedwith understanding,
are
to
she
the belief I
mind
"
understand
she
my
I feel inclined
staring at
some
why
at
across
creatures
"And
trouble
Would
is
me.
in here?
me
lips to give
my
I tell her?
there
"
bring
mind
Moxon's
Sometimes
two
or
quicklyat
up
"
I.
all."
at
moment
said
solve.
never
thinks
never
silent for
sat
say,"
"
in here?
bringing mc
to
attempt
that he
Why
It
in
of you
suddenly looked
"
to
he think
one
to
FORUM
THE
126
at
that
moment
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
CHAPTER
only has
Not
ideas about
IV
Moxon
127
me;
women.
"
to me,
They're a strange lot of people,"he said once
all huddled togetherin
but as if they were
meaning women,
waitingdown in the hall.
said I.
By which you mean?
By which I mean, sir,that my sisterAmy has thrown off
she was
the man
engagedto and has taken to religion."
I doubt if
That was
much what he meant.
not telling
me
it was
that he had
he really
knew himself. In all probability
to the conclusion that he knew
come
nothingwhatever
violently
about them, in which case a man
will speakknowinglyof women
"
"
"
in non-committal
In the
terms.
diplomatic
way,
same
I knew
he
must
thinkinga
be
great deal with every blast of that whistle out in the street, and
doubtless in the same
diplomatic
way, he would express it later.
I returned therefore with
"
certain
"
of expectancy
amount
to
that poor
littlecreature
had vanished away into the gray heart of her own
world. There was
that which I had slipped
into her purse which
room
my
as
might pay
what
soon
as
the
into my
pocket,I
And
mind.
taxi
Moxon
perhapsa
say, I
hat
as
well. God
Wherefore, when
not.
left it to God
then,as I
had
to
suggest the
returned,with
I put my
knows
hand
amount.
deal of expectancy in
ing
with Dandy lookputtingout my slippers
of contempt for
on
him, with expressions
Dandy assuring
his intelligence,
that it was
not a bit of good.
There's someone
with him," sniffed Dandy.
shall
We
have to sit up tilltheygo," and he looked back again into the
my
was
"
"
fire.
I remained
to
there for
said
it,upon
my
had
soul,I
watchinghim, really
waiting
moment
to
say.
to
came
He
stood up
then,and
as
he
never
conscience
to
prickme,
swear
to
Heaven
I should
have
THE
128
FORUM
when
serenely
No
I looked
much.
so
it was,
As
I think that's
enough," said I.
And
when
he replied, Yes, sir,"it was
intended to convey
that he entirely
agreed with me.
I let him get to the door and there he stopped,
lookinground
the room
if I had forgotten
to see
once
anythingon my
more,
I called him back.
It
own
account; then as he was
departing,
might have been enough for him; it was a gross misrepresentation
"
"
to
"
Do
help a
"
that it was
say
if she
woman
fresh
II
to
in trouble?
was
began,
"
wouldn't
that you
"
said anything
woman."
swallow
that
as
begin againon
score.
"
Well," I continued, if
aware,
about any
I had
Moxon,"
"
not
was
me.
to say,
mean
you
enough for
"
drenched
woman
in the
doorway,shivering
would
cold
at one
o'clock
at
night
"
"
do?
you
had
woman
"
"
concerned, I know
mother
and
talk about
all about
sisters out
two
to
who
man
earningshas
supports his
rightto
every
to help a woman
principles
call upon one
to believe
special
no
fancymyselfthat when,
that
of his
in distress;
it beingagainsthis
but there is
me
them.
women
as
in
rule do
of confidence,Moxon
moment
not
take
him.
to
sex.
told
quiteagree
with him.
If I had any affection for the sex, I should try to hide it myself.
But all this was
beside the point. One thing,and one
really
thing only,was
in full occupationof my
that littlehalf-drowned
"
had
mouse
for it
one
(To
be
said
mind
to
day."
continued)
me
"
before she
went.
THE
130
is also bound
"
to
which
FORUM
England by
somewhat
succeeded in
healingthe
ing
widenconstantly
between Russia and England since the Russo-Japanese
War,
the German
to solidify
Emperor seized a momentary opportunity
the TripleAlliance by and with the consent
and aid of Nicholas
II. He not only persuaded the Tsar to recognizethe complete
independenceof Bulgaria a task mitigatedsomewhat
by the
"
of Russia
eagerness
for the
to countenance
weakening of Turkey
Porte.
of the
What
to
approve
govina
provincesof Bosnia and Herze-
two
"
by Austria
"
the annexation
move
any
of
suzerainty
the Sublime
he
him
was
policy
propaganda when
understand
to
stillin
Moroccan
of
out
liance
Al-
brook
any
Germany
Empire.
Germany
more
ago
remember
must
the part of
desire of
political
pie is nowhere
are
on
in the Moorish
constant
France
as
three months
some
officiousinterference
The
far
so
concerned,Germany
was
of France
that
Russia
to
have
fingerin
every
no
on
a coaling-station
particularly
The
man
Ger-
Morocco,
Africa; and with that end in view the Foreign Office is quietly
in Madrid.
England and France
stirring
up anti-French feeling
to be leased
could not afford to allow Mogador, for instance,
or
the
ceded
routes
to
to
givethe
Kaiser
base
on
BALANCE
THE
to
of
OF
POWER
Europe is to be preserved.As
matters
IN
131
19 15
diplomacyif the
stand
at
peace
present the
"
"
"
THE
132
FORUM
Canal
Anglo-JapaneseTreaty of
to
from
and
two
Japan
sources,
the
and
expirationby limitation
Offence
disturb the
and
stains
Defence.
quo
will
The
emanate
as
World
Power
tered
alof
must
necessity
change her hitherto passiveattitude toward her fellownations and compel her,however unwillingly,
the role
to assume
of active participant
in the political
and economic strugglefor
supremacy.
the Atlantic
Power
to
in the greatest of
probablyfor
of
While
oceans.
fleet is now,
our
and
Japan, it is not
part of it in either
great
enough
Our
admit
to
of
maintaininga
our
for
keeping it constantly
in the Atlantic are many, chief among
them being the fact that
have neither the docking nor
the coalingfacilitieson our
we
ocean.
reasons
may
at
begin.
soon
mobile
force of soldiers
fortificationsfrom
It is
essential
absolutely
these should be of such extent and completenessthat they
attack by a
guard the Canal againstany possible
effectually
batteries
that
coast
interests are
enormous
cripplingof
to
opposition
the
our
be
supplementedby
land attack.
but
must
This will
dare
we
at
by
not
undoubtedlycost
consider expense
and
mere
foreignPower,
when
thought of
ant
with the result-
sea-strength,
ought of itself to silence any
appropriations.
BALANCE
THE
As
look
to
IN
the
mentioned; and
at
namo,
POWER
OF
the
eastern
end
of
itselfwe
on
must
already
developGuanta-
must
we
133
19 15
logicalstrategic
outpost for the
It is admirablysuited by itslocation
naval defence of the Canal.
end of the Isthmus,
to guard all the approachesto the eastern
that we
it into a strong
and it is imperative
convert
eventually
base for our
fleet. Its topographical
such that
are
peculiarities
fortificationwould be easy, and its roadstead is more
than ample
for our needs. A great and efficientdockyardand repair-station
of several shipsat a
should be erected there able to take care
is too
time,for Hawaii
yardon
is the
Guantanamo
Colon.
Colon.
While
priceto
North
peopleitwould
to some
and South
pay
for
America, we
look
Canal
must
as
across
not
lose
sightof
an
orbitant
ex-
joining
salient
two
facts.
New
York
It is by
no
or
San Francisco.
means
difficultto
foresee what
on
our
of
tide of
our
Atlantic
seaboard
cities due
immigrationfrom overpopulatedEurope
to
may
the
be
huge
ar-
THE
134
rested
by
the Far
the
FORUM
diversion of
the
the
through
stream
Canal
to
West.
Another
aspect of the
trafficwhich
changedconditions
mercial
com-
will be
South America.
if we
by others,and
will surelybe
enterprises
new
Americans
do
wish
not
to see
followed
allthe business
merchant
our
conditions which
and
the
growth
marine.
Both
The
nations.
the Horn.
around
will
Americans
and
and
Lloyd
soon
And
on
have
to
the
western
compete
Hamburg-Amerika
coast
the
English
Lines,the
two
man
Ger-
largestand
among
and
the Germans
Japanese are
vastlylower
their
crews
those
by
American
compelled to
the Stars and Stripes.
complements of shipsflying
half
as
So
much
unless
as
we
come
well abandon
our
senses
are
and
by
pay
to
one-
the
ment
increased Govern-
impending competition,
we
may
of
the fast-growing
the idea of holdingour share
to
owners
than
to
meet
this
America.
trade of South
POWER
OF
BALANCE
THE
IN
135
19 15
And
flag,
justso
Both
countrymen.
own
Of
course
there is
one
very
of
such
on
her part.
But
no
"
or
wither
and
Germany,infinitely
poorer
has chosen
to
in
die
"
such
is the law
populationand
spend immense
sums
on
wealth
of nations.
than
her navy,
and
selves,
ourwe
THE
136
either
must
in the
keep
one-half
of
her
her
on
fleet she
internal debt.
is
intolerable burden
proving an
we
"
she
treaty of 1905
can
expend
can
great
any
of
years
some
even
present
our
longer the
nal
to pay off part of her huge exteras
so
As it is,she is making creditable progress
onlyby virtue
to
and
Before
at
even
only
easilykeep
exhausted by
financially
year
continue for
must
policyof rigideconomy
and
and
ours,
fleet is
Her
Japan.
to
poor,
with Russia.
war
people graduallylose
our
a
battleships
two
recent
sum
regard
powerful as
"
ahead
with
as
of increase
rate
see
or
foreignmarkets.
It is otherwise
about
the pace
up
for
contest
FORUM
with
society.
triumph of ese
Japandiplomacy. In the fall of that year, only a few days after
the officialclose of the Russo-Japanese
War, England signed a
England
secret
was
of which
terms
offensive and
an
which
by
the
defensive
each
alliance between
covenants
to come
The
nation.
treaty was
in the
would
as
there
"
such
any
had
as
to
was
be
wrested
two
tries
coun-
with any
war
other
Japan
give-and-take.
such concerted
of the
depriveher
campaigns
of
those
to
nature
fully
never
givenout points
was
as
event
were
spoilsof her
by
move
ous
victori-
recent
terventi
in-
Franco-Russo-German
no
from
the
and
the
As
soon
force for
known
in
as
ten
the
"
which
much
more
the
to
was
of criticism on
for
of this pact
terms
press
"
continue in
made
were
began
paign
cam-
self
ground that England had pledged her-
than
she
could
hope
to
benefit
by; and
whom
she derived
of her food-supply.
When,
largeproportion
THE
138
tion of
The
Russia,not
FORUM
cordial either
too
recent
or
politically
commercially.
Government'
in the Moroccan
Cordiale.
of friction between
cause
France
and
England
of the former
more
or
strengthenthe alreadyfast
to
serves
toward
France
the other
on
in Dutch
Germany
is the
hand
one
ence
interfer-
constant
Kaiser
affairs. The
the
on
self
considers him-
"
has
to
tify
for-
burghers have
this
far
so
The
refused
steadfastly
to
hard-headed
vote
Dutch
for
the money
is turning
more
and
more
away
from
Germany
and
toward
land
Eng-
are
nature
The
France.
and
overt
any
of
bulwark
Government
act
of
recently
gave
aggressiontoward
it to be understood
the Netherlands
on
at
sooner
or
later the
Germany feels
she must
expand at
apparently
the expense
Empire, realize
be definitely
tled.
setto grow
of Great
in,but
or
Britain,
BALANCE
THE
of the United
Anglo-Saxonallow
war;
mean
Can
States.
this?
and such
the
To
balance
attempt
of power
mean
139
19 15
to prevent
seriously
itwill
tions
the very nature
of the condiruin to one
side or the other.
between
as
IN
two
from
war
POWER
OF
the
two
factions is
marily
pri-
fundamentally
dependenton the control of the sea.
of attack by land,
America
is susceptible
Neither England nor
and no attack can be effected so long as their naval forces can
prevent the landingof troops upon their shores. Therefore to
those two nations the maintenance of a powerfulnavy is paramount,
and
and
must
be looked
to
before
volunteer army
In England the same
while
looks
to come
of militia.
for it,and
New
are
templating
con-
her example.
following
the
Still,
navy
remains
BritishEmpire is unanimous
the paramount
in
THE
140
behind
in the
AlreadyGermany is abreast of
will have passedus ; and surely
should
we
Januarynext
at
race.
when
expense
well able
so
as
by
stickle
not
If
stake.
at
are
and
us,
nation
to
means
time
same
FORUM
our
supportingan
of 600,000 men,
army
surelywe
are
the more
equalnumber of units to our fleet,
land forces comprise no more
than 80,000 regular
add
to
our
an
soldiers.
The
navies of the
eightleadingPowers
followingtable,onlyshipscompleted for
beingcounted:
England.
10
Dreadnoughts
Older
40
battleships.
.
Dreadn't
France.
sea
June
on
in the
as
1,
191 1,
Russia.
cruisers
"
Armored
U. S.
rank
now
34
Scouts
12
Destroyers
150
Submarines
70
....
The
most
undoubted
of England
superiority
nations,even
the other
But
secure
and
the
when
is the
fighting-ships
is left out
France
States
all
over
of consideration.
is the
as
putativecoalition
Austria,Japan
Germany, Italy,
"
will be able
"
the
flying
to
muster
force
not
and
littlesuperiorto that
White
at
assurance
the present
England.
Dreadnoughts
Older battleships
...
since
1900
Dreadn't
cruisers..
Armored
cruisers
since
1900
8.
U.
time):
France.
Germany.
Russia.
26
14
19
25
16
13
10
10
13
14
34
(Scouts,Destroyers
13
and
13
Submarines
data
are
omitted,
concerningthem.)
as
there
is
no
reliable
BALANCE
THE
POWER
OF
IN
19 15
141
of the fleets
margin of superiority
those of England and the United States will
of the coalition over
be sufficientto warrant
not be very marked, yet it might conceivably
in
an
attempt on the part of Germany to seize territory
in her ability
South America
to retain posor
elsewhere,trusting
session
And
her flagis unfurled.
once
ture
any open act of this nafor the solidarity
be viewed by England as a hostile move,
must
of the
of the British Empire depends on the inviolability
althoughin
Now
of
routes
19 15 the
between
commerce
the Colonies
try.
Coun-
an
enormous
largerthan
ours
Zealand
all of which
"
task
well-nigh
impossible
hence
for
its present
at
navy
rate
will
no
of
growth.
The
"
"
"
for
The
six
treaty
years,
"
has
now
Editor,
been
modified
as
and
anticipated,
its
term
extended
ERNESTO
NATHAN,
Bertrand
OF
MAYOR
Martin
ROME
Tipple
majorityof foreignersvisitingRome,
1-^HE
look
to
past,
the
upon
and
temples
of
remnants
they ride
to
the Coliseum
in
in the
large department
read
while
and
talk
they are
soil,they are
in the midst of
stocks and
with
bonds,
They
heralds of the
their white
then rode
steeds
Aurelius.
to
create
democratic
Their
the Fountain
who
of
knows
where?
They
an
bosom."
are
on
guide book
"
At
the
any
rate
informs
Pollux,
and
watered
pause
spect
in-
is
emperor
in
loyaltyeven
that is what
said.
Hawthorne
Rome.
troduce
King Saturn, the in-
that here
them
"
moments.
an
asylum
Tarpeia, conquered,here
squawking
recess
Rienzi,the
equestrian statue
of
sentiment
of civilization,
settled,here Romulus
for
"
evanescent
and
Square of
the
Juturna under
modern
of Marcus
They
at
Lake
swiftlyaway,
that
enough
victoryof
to
figuresof Castor
at
pass
that
lands,public
they
wages
waste
which
slope down
same
If
store.
quicklyunderstand
Government
the
ing
Scout-
ing
and luxurious villas. Trad-
little Italian,they
ancient
on
they are
elevator.
modern
new
can
But
Ages.
their hotels
At
by
room
across
ducts,
aque-
which
museums
city,
they run
and
auto-taxicab,
they travel through
an
their steam-heated
to
and
of the Middle
art
walls
away
speak of the far-
that
monuments,
for her
come
geese, here
of the
same
the Gauls
stood the
were
frustrated
by Juno's
Temple of Jupiterand in
Books,
lay the Sibylline
142
and
deep
MAYOR
NATHAN,
ERNESTO
OF
ROME
143
the
hill-top
of
the fellow-conspirators
crowds looked down
old Roman
on
the Macedon
Perseus,VercingeCatiline,the African Jugurtha,
torix of ancient France,Appius Claudius,the decemvir,Sejanus,
the favorite of Tiberius,the Christian Paul, as fettered,
they
were
dropped into the dark subterranean chambers of the Maof the assassin Tiberius Gracchus.
hand
mertine.
that
"
this elevation
From
there before my
eyes
From
looks down
one
immense
opened an
this
and
remembers
of
in ruins,columns, triumphal
cityof monuments
broken, ruinous,but stillbeautiful
arches,temples,and palaces,
the giant
and grand, with a solemn mournful beauty! It was
of ancient Rome."
apparition
On this old Capitoline
Hill,in the heart of old Rome, sits
His officeis in the
Ernesto Nathan.
the Mayor of new
Rome
Palace of the Senators,erected by Boniface IX in 1389, altered
by Michelangeloand stillfurther altered by Ernesto Nathan.
Up to September20, 19 10, Mr. Nathan was a national but
international personage.
Here
in Italy almost any
not
an
accurate
schoolboyin his teens could have givena brief and fairly
historyof the ardent Republican.Born in 1845, tne ^^tn
of twelve sons, his mother
his father an English
an
Italian,
banker,until his thirteenth year he lived in England. Then with
the grave
rose
"
"
his widowed
he
mother
versity
Pisa,where at the great Unihis studies," cultivating
his soul in the
he
continued
to
came
Italian
Maurizio
of all,GiuseppeMazzini.
Commercial
tasks took
him
to
dinia
Sar-
and
at
Rome,
imprisonmentof
Nathan
came
to
That
and
the
Pope
-the Vatican.
It
the Peninsula
he has
done
to
as
moved
was
into the
self-imposed
day-breakin Italyand
of
struction.
recon-
versity
editor,author, lecturer,uni-
He
THE
144
assisted in
editingthe
FORUM
Rome
pation,
of the People, Emanciand Duty, publications
expounding for the most part the
ideals and ethical idealism of Mazzini.
He
political
opened
for young
ism
debating rooms
men.
Following the rush of socialin
he
Italy,
democracy.
wrote
make
to
attempts
papers,
clear the
For
many
also Professor
was
Commercial
and
he
years
difference between
of
Colonial
socialism and
the very
was
soul of
the
Trastevere,Rome.
times he
Four
was
member
of the
"
their dishonorable
slumber.
tor
appeared Manin, Mazzini, Garibaldi,D'Azeglio,Cavour, VicEmanuel
II,and the war-cry rang from Alp to iEtna : Italy
free,Italyone !
By the year i860 Italians were well on the way to the goal,
"
"
"
must
rather be the
II, by the
1861
of God
grace
ment
Parlia-
in Turin,
assembled
and Rome,
proclaimedVictor Emanuel
In
the Italians."
Italyof
and
by the
will of the
"
can
never
crushed
be
firmlyunited."
Austria
Italy. Papal
compelled the
and
Rome
was
forced withdrawal
of the
all that
was
In 1870
latter
came
moment
release Venice
the Franco-German
to
of
war,
the support
regiments from
Feeling the
to
lackingto completethe
now
of the French
Prussia
On
Napoleon
III and
Republic.
"
with the
THE
146
FORUM
be
evolves,enlarges,and
faith illuminated
I
ready to
am
turn
men
by knowledge.
of the
Nathan's
of
man
man
who
Luther
of
"
of the Vatican
the
religion,
answer
only questionabout
Mr.
in matters
propriety.But
Nathan.
He
is
not
honest, fearless,but certainly
convictions,
Out
these
as
be
cannot
of the sword
"
His
seasons.
on
of
masters
enemies
say
he is
diplomat. Martin
make
cannot
you
peace." Working
war,
offended
of Ernesto
sure
reformer, however,
said,
out
be
never
tactless. A
nor
can
The
is that of
pronouncements
of strong
law,
at
me
shall
intermediary,
an
Piux X blundered.
one
propriety
if I have
of Rome;
citizenship
before God."
the
broken
office,
judgment awaits
my
soul,undismayed, without
my
If I have
...
in search of
upward
answer
transgressedthe duties of
hands
their eyes
feather,
this
he spoke
hypothesis,
these cardinals,
perdition,
in
Never
again will
understands
gone
and
much
as
ten
contest
the
France
for
same
a
The
King.
am
told that in
privateconversation,
III,and
on,
of the
and
bitter
which
those
quarter of
disturbed
have
puts it in this
issues
The
one.
acknowledge this.
of the Curia
the
Mr.
archy
Hier-
Roman
chance
as
be
and the
temporal power
members
and
is of his election to
there is
forever.
gone
Pope
that the
eightout of every
The King of Rome
there is
the
one
are
compass
the
now
tially
substanpeace
of
threaten
againstmodernism,
"The
way:
are
narrower
Vatican, image of
than
the walls of
come
dead
into contact
of ancient
with
Egypt,
From
into dust.
resolved
be
ROME
OF
MAYOR
NATHAN,
ERNESTO
there, from
147
fortress of
that
life and
thought
the thunderingproconsidered; on the other hand comes
are
scription
without contact
with the positive
negativeelectricity
the
and associations desirous of reconciling
pole againstmen
of the
and teachings
of their faith with the teachings
practices
of
the vital life,and the moral and social aspirations
intellect,
that cityon
the civic soul. Like cosmic matter
in dissolution,
the slopeof the Janiculum(theVatican) is a fragment of an
world."
extinguished
sun, hurled into the orbit of the modern
It should be understood
that Modern
Italyis againstthe
but
Vatican,not because the Vatican is a spiritual
institution,
because it is a political
institution and the leader of the reactionary
forces working for the destruction of the new
nation.
It is a colossal struggle.United Italyis young, vigorous,
bitious,
amdaring,confident. The Vatican is old and tried,with
of wealth, with an
vast
resources
organizationencompassing
the whole earth,perfected
and strengthened,
until it is the most
schools
religious
"
"
tremendous
machine.
human
Its
machine
strengthis
Thousands
for
set up.
of
much
Jews.
of its more
Minister,and
Italian Parliament.
There
is
Italians
centre
think of these
never
where
in the
men
as
pletely
Jew so comdicates
the name
ceases
to be a Jew as in Italy.Here
simplyinhis religious
belief: he is an
Italian of Jewish faith.
Nathan sits in his officeon the Capitoline
with his back to
the Forum
and
no
his face
the firstgreat
to
absorbed
Italy,
fellow Romans
have
One
you
But it is too
in silent
are
intelligent
priests
revolt against
its usurpations
and bondage,waiting,
praying
emancipation.
Mr. Nathan
is a Jew, so likewise is Luzzatti,the retiring
Prime
Mr.
ever
are
There
says to
Mayor
was
him,
asked him
"
of Rome?
Mr.
"
to
of the New
monument
thousand
undertake.
Nathan, how
After
does it
moment's
Mayor
happen that
he says,
silence,
of Rome
must
be
THE
148
member
New
of
one
Italythought that
asked
me
to
demonstrate
be the
to
FORUM
that there is a
alive,progressive,ambitious
begin
understand
call. He
rises from
change. They
new
Rome,
Italy,
new
to
why
he is
You
personality.
follow his
leader, why men
slowlyto and fro across the
questions,
answeringfrankly
to your
listening
attentively
Six
inquiries.
your
to
room,
for
come
clerical. But
the world
century."
You beginto
families and
new
Nathan, some
imply that you are the
of the anarchistic
champion of the red flag,the representative
Campidoglio.
Mr.
of
"
and
to
human
progress
the
I believe in Mazzini's
'
peoplesof
Duties
of
anarchy?
of
Man/ in his apostleship
in directing
them into
men,
the earth.
Is that
anarchy?
I believe in the
would
you
free
publicschool,entirely
I believe in a well-paid,
ignorantand corrupt priesthood;
staff of teachers,I believe in fresh-air and play-grounds."As
he speaks,you are more
and more
impressed by his moral rugand integrity.
and more
convinced of his sincerity
gedness,more
of
an
"
You
say
to
"
yourself,Truly,here
is a
personality,
superior
cise,
pre-
Mr.
which
Nathan
is convinced
by
Roman
that
no
democracy."
other
kingdom
has
achieved
than
largely
more
life,taking into
her
MAYOR
NATHAN,
ERNESTO
United
the
account
of her
measure
149
firstfifty
years of
Italyin the
also
considering
opportunities,
and
ROME
OF
the
natural
sources
re-
stacles
ob-
enormous
interest
There
had
to
the whole
to
has been
More
overcome.
over
his
them.
ment
treatsacrilegious
of Roman
and
treasures
art
priceless
There is littleor no ground for the charge. He
archaeology.
has been careful to preserve and guard againstfuture destruction
whatever is of real historical value.
For example,as he
himself explains, The Castle of St. Angelo, the tomb of the
dead Roman
afterward the tomb of living
jects,
papal subemperor,
is now
of antiquities
and of mediaeval art, destined
a
museum
of
of
some
the
"
teach and
to
celebrated and
used
refine
colossal
monument
hay-magazineand
surrounded by gardensand
filledwith
as
to a
assume
Rome, filledwith
of
Roman
greatness,
dirtycottages,
that Mr.
are
form
once
now
coming
be-
of ancient art."
Nathan
is the
Mayor of
in
ideas;living
peopleof modern
the present, anticipating
a
gloriousfuture. For this modern
peoplehe has striven to providea modern citywith pure water
and adequatedrainage,
clean streets, cheap and rapid transit,
telephones,
hospitals,
publicgardens and the other institutions
that minister to the welfare and happinessof modern
citylife.
has been a chosen instrument in Italyto break
Freemasonry
a
THE
150
the
unitedly
of
should
climb
to
be
of
of
Freemasonry.
and
Master
the
to
he
goodwill,
and
establish
its illustrious
has
of
the
occupies
Third
been
them
them
Italy which
For
he
has
position of
than
more
leader
time
this
for
encouraging
predecessors.
Nathan
Mr.
large part
now
and
heights
century
the
set
brotherhood
worthy
quarter
and
tyranny
atmosphere
an
of
chains
FORUM
in Italian
been
Grand
Grand
Honorary
Master.
He
is
believes
it
as
he
is honest
he
"
be
will
"
faith, but
What
conventional
full
question
will
this
to
It will
be
of
Mayoralty,
faith
feels
of
born
not
groping,"
are
He
programme."
so
does
He
We
so.
pieces.
to
conclusion
happen?
say
He
type.
going
are
"
enough
has
one
no
the
can
man
Italy.
to
of
not
religious forms
present
applies
says,
but
man,
well-informed
no
and
know,
the
that
Certainly
far
religious
there
that
intelligence,matured
in freedom."
conclusion
the
At
Nathan
be
will
would
be
in
his
nominated
with
accordance
Moreover,
hands
of
the
No
and
party
in
Italy
spirit
has
to-day
democratic
in his
Third
he
he
King
him,
owns
not
Italy.
even
the
the
of
the
criticised
of
Republican
he
great
his
and
this
in his
at
large.
has
been
honor
at
in certain
publican
Re-
independence.
In
the
III
Emanuel
moral
fitting
he
party.
recognizes
Victor
mental
people,
of
This
be
country
accepting
Mr.
Senate.
Already
instance
but
person
in his
For
severely
was
the
to
him.
III.
is Mazzinian,
in
and
needs
it is another
King, strong
love
Rome
the
it would
and
that
probable
for
King
custom
Senate
But
centres.
to
Emanuel
by Victor
knighted
the
Italian
the
by
it is
theory
fact
a
that
wise,
equipment,
embodiment
of
alted
ex-
the
THE
REVOLUTION
BRITISH
Sydney
the time
this article is
ABOUT
British
has convulsed
which
will be
months
Brooks
publishedthe controversy
for the past twenty
politics
crucial stage.
reaching a
and
character
hark
must
one
To
get
back
to
the
in order
analyzethe
to
in the
trace
and
nature
Conservative
causes
party
the
its subjection
of imperialism
and militarism,
growth of the spirit
its revercalled the "special
in America
to what
interests,"
sion
are
to
Protection,its increasing
tendencyto buttress and
"property"as
the dominant
the pressure
order, how
upon
to
how
show
among
the Liberals
solidate
con-
cal
politithere
great
the work
of social and
Carlylecalled
the
"
economic
how
reconstruction,
what
"
condition of
"
But for my
of
beginnings
present
in the election of
of their
it will be sufficient to
purpose
triumphwould
1906.
be
It
was
the
date the
victoryof
foreseen
that
one
the Liberals
result
151
THE
152
servative
and
measures
or
rejected,
FORUM
another
mutilated that
so
for Liberal
they had
be
to
They
measures.
abandoned, four
reform.
Other and
pluralvoting,and with licensing
less urgent problems the Liberals feltdebarred from tackling,
not
because
aware
theywere
found unacceptable
by
be
beforehand
the
in 1909
Finally
Lords capped their destructive activities by throwing out
then sharply
Lloyd George's Budget. The issue was
the
Mr.
formed.
Liberals woke
task of
and
political
completed by
finally
once
House.
hereditary
for all
and
to
constitutional amendment
Mr.
had
been
not
necessary
to
imposed
of
an
their
on
Chamber
Upper
opponents.
The
one,
that
moreover,
united
was
9 10, which
billwhich
later,justwhen
week
Their
resolutions which
of Commons
over
in
100,
seemed
contest
died.
It
was
on
entering
the unanimous
Mr.
April,
and
littleexcept the
of Lords.
House
of
passedby majorities
were
in
embodied
in the House
on
were
May.
sive
its deci-
feeling
hostilitiesshould be suspended
of the country that all political
and that an effort should be made
to reach a settlement by consent.
The
effort
was
made.
Four
in the
amazing attempt
to
evolve
what
was
nothing
THE
154
FORUM
indissoluble
to
the theorythat
nullifying
of Commons
the House
of
the power
of the purse
called
always be
can
of power
there is
to
can
from
the elected
for
account
misusing it,to
be called
never
Commons, who
to
the
non-
of thus manently
perordinatio
positionof sub-
account;
into a
thrustingthe popular Chamber
of inflicting
serious financial loss and confusion
a
tion
country, and of changing the whole accepteddistribu-
the
upon
responsible
office subjectto its goodwill;
are
it
making
unless
security
and hold
Ministers
the estates
between
of the realm.
force,and
I
great
very
of
moderate
most
the Peers
men
the Unionists
and
admitted
have, indeed,practically
Commons
Chamber
It is clear that
be supreme
which they have
must
in all that
tention.
con-
in the House
that the
to
appertains
of
popular
finance. The
pointon
mainlyconcentrated their attack is the
provisionmaking the Speaker the sole judge of whether a given
bill is or
is not
but
with
far
so
to
authority
is
to
run
bill.
ably,
They contend, and not unreasonthat to invest the Speaker
quite ineffectually,
money
decide
that may
matters
the risk of
never
"
powers
of the House
strictparty
sequence
con-
he has
man.
billseverely
limits the
nondealingwith ordinary,
which passes
that any measure
in three consecutive sessions,and is
laysdown
of Commons
House
in
of Lords
It
financiallegislation.
the
The
be of vital party
shall
rejectedby the House of Lords in each of these sessions,
become
law on receivingthe Royal assent, providing that two
years
fairlyone
the
duration
which
remember
must
means,
of Parliament
in
to
that
practice,
five instead of
in each Parliament
seven
to
restrict
years
"
there will be
BRITISH
THE
not
minimizes, is very
two
suggest amendments
years, may
the
acceptedby
but theymay
Lords
delaythe
criticise,
may
debate, may
may
The
to
155
than four
more
REVOLUTION
of
passage
and
"
if
the amendments,
in the bill;
Government, will be incorporated
throw
not
it out
when
the electorate;
the
whether
to
they assent
two
it
or
or
judgment of
submit it to the
years
have
it becomes
expired,
not.
The
Conservatives
law
maintain
basis ;
the nation on a Single-Chamber
placing
that a Second Chamber
or
deprivedof the power of rejecting
to the peoplethe measures
sent up to it is a Second
referring
Chamber
onlyin name; that any scheme,however revolutionary,
to
or
of
determined
and
suggesteddelayof
that
formality;
a
character
deadlock
at
to
the
two
there is no
the
justify
all that
deadlock
between
two
Houses
of
Government's
cannot
the
not
exemplified
by the
in November,
passage in April,19 10, of the Budget rejected
that the House
the
of Lords, after referring
a bill to
1909
judgmentof the people,must bow to their verdict;and that the
Liberals are attempting
the settled balance of the
to overthrow
Constitution merely to gratify
their party prejudices.To this
"
rule
"
the Liberals
retort
that when
the Conservatives
are
in power
three
or
or
rejected
by the
House
majoritytheymay
that all advance
command
is blocked
in the House
by
the House
of Lords; that
matter
of Commons,
what
know
THE
156
party system is thus in
the intolerable
FORUM
grave
if it does break
down, it will
be
Liberal
delaythat
and
scheme
and
Germany, by
safeguardsproposed in
of
the powers
sufficientto prevent
legislators;
that,
in
as
replaced,
under
revision
criticism,
of Lords
from
anythingrevolutionary
amply
are
being rushed
much
but for
as,
no
than, a Conservative
more
Here
vote.
he would
from
almost
add
certainly
that the
dangers
are
the
principal
arguments
to
feared
be
dangers of leaving
thingsas theyare.
this
From
the
of the debates
general course
inferred.
be
easily
may
to
precisof
exclude from
the maximum
the
in the House
Conservatives
The
operationof
duration
of
on
sides
of Commons
sought
steadily
have
Parliament,or
both
extending
the
affecting
Act
of
so
of Lords
the House
introduced
was
months
by
ago.
the Liberals
amendments
voted
by
and
All these
Houses.
two
on;
is the
the House
to
On
fighton.
notice of
bill
(a)
to
Asquithin
The
June
26
Lords
whelmingly
over-
are
and
by
teen
fif-
comfiture
the dis-
determined
Cromer
gave
The
vital amendments.
House,
Lansdowne
the
that
comma
of Commons
Mr.
for
being debated
billalmost
same
have
bill
succession thereto; or
Parliament
or
REVOLUTION
BRITISH
THE
157
consist of
seven
the House
of
and
members
of the House
chosen
by
of
seven
the Lord
cellor
Chan-
as
they
Speaker,"in such manner
think best adapted to provide an
impartialtribunal." The
mittee
Speakeris to presideand to have a casting
vote, and the Combe convened either by a Minister of the Crown
or
may
Its functions are
to decide
by a resolution of either House.
whether a money
billis really
bill or whether it includes
a money
that ought to be.treated and discussed as such. The
legislation
by
the
purpose
grave
the latter
and
of Lords
is
seen,
exclude
to
constitutional changesfrom
Bill. The
purpose
whether
determining
it professes
to be
money
it contains
whether
or
non-
financial
matter.
Both these amendments
of Lords and of
Commons.
but
are
rejection
by
deadlock
certain of
adoptionby the
the Government
in the House
roads of escape.
Either the Lords
their amendments, pass the bill as it stands,and
are
House
which
of
there
will withdraw
two
proclaimtheir
intentionof repealing
it at the firstopportunity that is to say,
when the Conservatives are in office again;or they will stand
firm and dare the Government
to proceedto extremities. And
the Government
is quiteprepared to proceed to extremities.
They are readyto advise the King,who for his part will have
"
no
optionbut
in
order
to
that would
to
pass
wreck
fatally
Peers,I imagine,
will
the social
in the end
create
To
five hundred
prevent
of
prestige
consent
to
an
Peers
inundation
anything.Between
THE
158
this
Bill minus
still possess
if they
incursion,their preferences,
vast
surelybe
the
on
spiritof enlightened
the
side of
not
are
accept the
to
political
presciencethat no recklessness
beyond their capacities.My inclination none
resolve
they will
climb
down
or
more
the
Bill,and
lack
inspired
predictedas
an
be
can
grudginglyand
less
to
store
re-
of its ancient
semblance
some
risk
to
to
to
them
urge
such
of
lesser evil.
the
Government
have shown
Lords, throughout this crisis,
that
ernment
and the Gov-
Peers
new
political
sanityor
any
must
self-interest,
There
Bill
the Government
FORUM
shape.
The
of the Liberals
for
mination
controversy is the righteousdeter-
of the whole
crux
writingtheir
the
to
tunities
oppor-
on
measures
same
the
as
the
nobody can quarrel;
British peoplewith their sense
of justice
and fair play may, I
But
it without qualifications.
think, be said to have endorsed
is it to be attained?
how
There
roughly speaking,two
are,
Conservatives
ways.
the powers
these
of Lords
the House
have
two
an
chosen, is so
of Lords
so
is
other
to
restrict
tent
equallyimpo-
that it will be
compositionof
may
that aim
of the House
whatever
it. Of
With
possess.
the
reform
to
servatives
Con-
have
the
followed
of Lords
is to say, their solution of the House
questionis the destruction or the paringaway of its legislative
former.
That
"
it
at
present exists
Second
instead of
and in
basis."
hereditary
all probability
ever
none
that intention.
There
are
constituted
Chamber
many
But
no
attempt
will be made,
on
popular
made,
has been
to
give effect to
men
to
and
do with
tion
quesit up
all the
it,or
"
REVOLUTION
BRITISH
THE
159
"
"
"
path of
limited
Liberalism.
by
statute,
reconstruction.
run
and
assertive,
it stronger, more
make
the risk of
anxious
to
its powers
have been stringently
then be willingto undertake its
When
they may
But
the
strengthening
When
remove.
very
the House
barrier
of Lords
they
to
most
are
selves
powerlessto rejectLiberal measures,
they may address themof whether it could not be made
to the question
more
efficient
ing
for the task of revising,
delayingand amendcriticising,
the bills submitted
to
it;but
not
present Government
is concerned,the
House
be considered
of Lords
This, of
may
until then.
So far
as
the
of reformingthe
question
postponed.
indefinitely
course,
and that
every Conservative
is
principle
put
at
candidate who
serious
not
disown
that
ondly,
electioneering
disadvantage;sec-
does
party
to
propose
on
160
THE
FORUM
allies do
not
desire
to
the House
see
and Nationalist
of Lords
reformed
of
wisdom
helps to convince the Conservatives of the political
reforming it. The country, as a whole, recognizesthat the
House of Lords is (i) too large;(2) overcrowded
with members
who
have neither
taste
for public
life and who
aptitude
of the indiscriminate application
nor
sit and
vote
of the
principle;(3)
hereditary
in it simplybecause
singleclass and of
to
specialset of interests;(4)
of the great partiesin the State,so much
one
always open
Lords
the
Commons;
of
the Conservatives
to
sustained
reverses
at
to
the
favorable
too
that it is
so
of
in the House
of
pollsand
and
it is theywho
and
of
representative
much
too
in the
sense
are
well
obstacle
an
are
to
reform, except in
be more
that every Second
Chamber
must
naturally
cautious and conservative than the popularly
elected House; they
truer
aware
have
proved themselves
often
of Commons;
Chamber
and
delaybut
of
effectivepowers
not
out
by
amendment
by the
troubled less
only of
Second
the Lords
to
Liberal
ures
meas-
than
None
its unwieldiness,
its
and
in
both in numbers
overwhelming inclination,
opinion,toward
that,however
the
side, and
Conservative
it is not
of public
opinion,
representative
fact
the
answer-
"
to
it and
has
no
"
in the House
remedy them.
Lord
of
Lords
have
Lansdowne,
made
an
honest
attempt
to
bill
ROUGES
REVES
Marion
Dorothy
THEY
That
tell me
To
have
mock
their
them
When
back
moment's
her
My
days
My
love is
so
are
They
tell me
That
as
Sweet
of
youth and
not
They
tell
sought to
nights. I
loathe the
sun
go
Have
come
who
no
sun.
have
men
dreams
their
mock
screams
in the undertow,
them
and
dreams
this
and
"
to
life is done.
my
waters
me
know
she
drowning
the
wrap
yet
life is done
back
come
me
I could
"
dead,
scenes
To
madness
And
them
to
sight
this,whose
me
in the warmth
I loved
screams
in the undertow,
come
of
out
dreams
tell
They
And
waters
dreams
far
they go
Into the
To
men
Before
Shainwald
wrap
and
scenes
NOIRS
drowning
the
as
And
Sweet
ET
me
drown
dreams
yet
no
have
162
dreams
in Life's dark
come
to
sea,
me
them
to
"
THE
SWIMMERS
S. Reed
John
IN
uneven
waves
showed
their
on
sick
SuddenlyAndy
of
the
"
he gave a tremendous
Tremblinga little,
"Coming," cried the voice, "coming!"
Andy
on
waited.
Far
mouth.
He
paid
nervous.
curiously
no
"
shout.
He
the
away
to
had
made
1
63
up
his mind
what
to
do
"
and
THE
64
into
now,
human
he
alone and
was
content, another
being intruded,disturbing,
unsettling.Where
been but
The
there
one,
stranger
stroke.
into
in which
world
FORUM
fish and
arms
perhaps a responsibility.
hand
overnearer, swimming with an awkward
his head bored
flappeddown smartly,
now
foot
wash, one
two
"
out
came
of the wake
like a
ing
leap-
down.
slapped stiffly
the head
As
came
His
luminous
were
there had
out
came
of the water,
Andy
the
by
saw
phorous
phos-
dently
paused, panting,a few yards distant,evi-
newcomer
exhausted.
"
cigarettes.
many
"
Where
"
"
It'smy
are
Oh, down
pike,"answered
the
Andy, with
affectation of
an
"
"
"
him.
"Same
place!" said
the littleman.
"
together eh,
Go
"
what?"
looked
back.
Andy
swam
man
man.
"
Without
You
But we've
to
got
"
side.
along-
Haven't
got
forever,you know."
"
I know
"
I know,"
hurry the
East
puffedthe
'member
"
"
what
stranger.
"
Can't
Kiplingsays
"
man
hurrythe
tried
to
SWIMMERS
THE
11
Look
with
strength
"
"
165
kick.
every
Do
like this."
him.
showed
He
with
stillbreathing
waste
you
difficulty,
Littlerest.
Minute.
"
emphasis. Lived
what you doing?"
with
I know"
going Home
Going around
"
"
"
hurry
"
in China
out
blub
"
three years
"
the world."
eh?"
Griffin,
huh"
Uh"
Got
"Griffin?"
"
blub
"
thoughtso
"
from
the way
blub."
travellingtoo fast you know
Come
along,"said Andy surlily,if you'recoming with
me."
He set out, the littleman
followingin silence. Night
On the horizon
like a monk's
cowl.
hung closely,
stiflingly,
shivered the heat lightning.
The strange sea-glowwhirled.
blub
What you
steering
by? shrilledthe voice behind.
Lightning."
Not
Sometimes
always sure," complained the voice.
were
you
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
shifts
blub
"
bad
too
"
"
no
"
moon
"
"
Andy
slowed
if anything,
breathing,
worse
an
of
access
"
How
'
in my
are
coming?
you
Prettyfair,pretty
side
blub
"
vast
than before.
was
Andy experienced
pity.
They lay on
the
far behind.
rest
"
their
fair
"
"
blub
minute
"
backs,on
"
can
do.
Got
what
the
littlecrick
"
d'yousay?
breast
moving irregular
of
waters.
'
Sink down,
Funny way to go home," said the highvoice.
blub
down, down
lie in oozy mud on the bottom
bore tunnel
throughthe world. One, two miles down
tunnel through
"
"
"
"
"
Hell
"
one,
two
miles up
"
blub
"
"
He
fell to
coughing as
66
THE
"
wave
FORUM
Quaint idea
very,"he laughed in
"
cracked,ugly falsetto.
All the ideas that
deep,the cold,the
of the
ocean
the
"
slimythingson
cold
shuddered.
had shut
Andy
him
under
ooze
chokingof
the
bed
sea
omless
the fath-
"
the unbounded
"
the breath
largeness
the writhingof
"
"
seized him
great anger
of his mind
out
him.
He
againstthis littleyellow
fidence.
robbed him of his self-conthingthat had upset his tranquillity,
"
you!
"
he broke
out, and
off
set
again.
"
"
"
That
He
true.
was
of those horrible
the
It
up his mind
made
swim
high voice
and
over
Several times he
to
"
escape
from
that
be heard.
not
with
Can't
over
away
"
of Death.
reminder
the
foot
mustn't think
onward,
nervously
swam
to
awfullysorry."
"
awkward
Andy
upon
can't hurry
"
things. Stillhe
pound of that
wore
I know
"
blub
"
Then
nous
monoto-
blub," said
"
so
swam
far
he realized with
Vague
ocean.
and
waves
"
the blackness.
"
Where
in mortal
he called
are
terror
found
He
in that
nothing human
"Hello!"
you?
No
"
vast
wildly.
said
faint voice.
the littleman
sound
one
swiftly
swam
him
to
life.
easily.
get breakfast ready
again,breathingmore
resting
"
"
Andy
"
"
The
clouded
sky,that
had
gleamed no
In
more.
the
been
close and
so
of the sick
"
from
dull gray-green
weary,
black,went
nate
indetermi-
particular
pointof the
sea, the phosphorescence
no
SWIMMERS
THE
"You're
"
voice.
"
"
I had
Wish
blub
great
learned how
blub
"
"
"
Look!
the
on
high
really."
"
"
confidence.
in
I've been
the
sun
the
sun
blub
"
what
"
"
of red Chinese
gong
"
the littleman,
screamed
curious direction
Like
went
"
"
most
water
"
swimmer
"
the
167
copper,
behind
shot up
to face it.
sky. Both men turned swiftly
Why," cried Andy, astonished, it's risingin the north.
we've been swimming wrong ! My God !
No ! no ! we're wrong
dead south !
We've been goingsouth
So we have,"muttered the querulous
voice, so we have."
Lost !we're lost,
I tellyou ! cried Andy in terror.
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
far
how
"
wildly.He
obsessed
was
of the
It's not
the
to
about
ten
"
far?
bit
so
blub
"
"
boy.
"
"
"
How
11
It'snot
bad.
Blub
"
Here, come
any
the
moaned
other,churningthe
to
escape
land, to find
find
to
from
water
the
mensity
impitiless
sea.
very
east
"
"
"
before
shifted
lightning
"
Came
should
good
say
"
"
miles
should
'
giveout.
Come
on!
"
"Hey!"
hurry
"
came
the
voice.
Andy forced
"Hold
himself
to
up!
"
blub
slow down.
you
"
Three
all his
can't
times
strength
ached with
the
waves.
Andy wondered
if his
would
strength
hold
out.
He
imagined
THE
68
felt weariness
that he
his
upon
in the
FORUM
The
beat
sun
green,
He
profundity.
dared
look
not
ahead.
"
Look!"
With
like
superb effort,
lifted himself
of the
out
steel-head salmon
There,
water.
Andy
if from
as
leaping,he
edge of the
the far
on
ing!
Noth-
of
the bosom
sea.
"
"
Saved!
"
high voice.
cried the
Don't
don't
hurry, man,
"
wait
rest
hurry,or you'relost blub
But Andy was
like a motor-boat.
off,tearingaside the ocean
into a racing"crawl," arm
head
He had swung
over
flashing
arm,
for the
mad
buried,feet whirringin a chaos of foam, senseless,
"
touch
of the
seemed
ripplingback
"
"
Wait!
when
his head
he
gaining
"
wave-crest
look like
him
look
again.
hurry
awkward
an
quietof
He
not
was
white.
whose
in sobs.
came
prairieof
immense
along
"
So
no
wash
foot
out
came
face
moustaches
Overhead
the
was
empty.
shuttlingfeet"
of the wake
like
No
not
he
was
made
beach
murous
murwas
tensely
in-
dazzling
unheeded; his
sea.
The
bored
to
bird in the
sky.
his task.
His
leapingfish
sky
of the
out
awkwardly
smartly,his head
streamed
tears
he lifted himself
settled back
flapped down
arms
ocean
of
"
palm-treeslifted from
Once
he
gaining
Pacific.
the littleman's
Down
breath
three
Once
seal,swam
the South
blue; ahead
brown,
wave-crest.
his work.
to
fury of
in the
water
to
must
His
sea.
broke
water
leap from
to
the
came
leaped out of
not
"
"
and
one
slapped stiffly
down.
And
as
he
swam,
he murmured
to
himself
monotonously,in
ceaseless iteration:
"Can't
hurry
"
blub
"
the
East
"
can't
"
hurry
"
THE
170
FORUM
the
civilization and
with the
than
high-cultured
Superman of
the
civilization
respective
of which he is a member.
This draws
for
line of demarcation.
significant
high type
possiblefor
be influenced
to
It is
low type.
average
an
by
It is impossible
extremely
be
to
average,
vibrations of an
by the proximityand physio-psychical
inferior race.
The reader is asked to exercise his judgment and
imaginationin reference to these hypothesesas analogous and
influenced
applicableto the
advisable
not
to
and the
negro
be
radical.
too
American
common
It is
type.
suggestionbears enough of
the ominous.
All civilizationof whatever
the moral
upon
element.
ization of lower
ties upon
which
It isthe moral
is based
description
highlycivilized race
State is founded.
character and
of a
family and community relationships
founded.
On the individual familythe
are
fact is that a desirable
significant
instincts depends upon the
hereditary
Another
transmission
of evolved
maintenance
of the moral
the decay of
influenced,
gressively
If this be in any
element.
can
the
race
is certain. As
never
Yet
of the latter's
a
method
retro-
way
ously
previreason
there is
drift
to
the
with
proximity
that
of
members
an
sensations
are
inferior
extreme
race.
nervous
remember
must
tain
hyper-acute.Certainly,
theyenter-
We
if contrary
particular
guarantee
instincts occur
in
too
close
relation with
sexual seductiveness of
the
mentalityof
those
men
and
member
those
of
an
inferior
race,
personalpsycho-physical
INFLUENCES
NEGRO
LIFE
AMERICAN
IN
171
"
him
to
of
statesmen.
distinguished
understand how the average man
can
we
By this interpretation
is affected by inferior racial
and the Superman indirectly,
directly,
of the American
negro stands unexampled
types,and the history
damn
facts by
as
can
appropriately
explanatory.True, men
some
more
our
of conduct.
accorded
No
that he
the negro
of
moments
one
some
would
suspect from
the
ence,
influpossessed
any telling
and the garrulousness
men
succumb
and directly
race
a nation or
a
indirectly
may
to the vibrations of inferiority,
providedthese have enough potency
moral
and seductiveness to disturb or undermine the general
sentiment. Turning the pages of history,
the consideration
dismissing
and confining
attention to the paradoxical
influence
our
of inferiority
there is no doubt that Rome
in
over
superiority,
its higherracial conceptions
from its close
suffered irremediably
association with the degeneratePersian civilization. There
is no
racially
retrogressive
types
of the Orient
the
psychological
Rome; the cause that pervertedthe simplicity,
age
courand candor of the earlyRoman
itwith
and stigmatized
spirit
fire and fever,the passionsand perversions
which enfeebled
was
downfall of
the
the German
masculinity
againstthe effeminate
of the Empire and a
Roman, with the result of the disruption
new
political
map of Europe.
Nature works by circuitous paths. The debauchinginfluence
which upsets
nation may
It
THE
172
FORUM
may
sequesteredinstances
and
under
in the fear of
intact.
this truth in
our
country is
has been
"
modern
segregatedin type
All nations
as
notice the
and
converse
since
from
reason
segregationof
it is somewhat
subject,
America
"
lines.
by political
the
United
one
able
remark-
differentiated into
not
was
Our
eras.
definitely
more
as though marked
strictly
of
reverse
in the ancient
as
several decades
apart from
well
day as
formed
are
Though
types.
We
States,because the
The
segregationof types is marked.
tendencyto separate
was
sion.
emphasized,however, in the Southern secesnationalizing
We
have
"
itsproverbial
New
and Western
The
caste.
all else,
was
on
so
ticity;
bourgeoisdomes-
the
cause
psychological
differenceof temperament,
difference between
the Southern
and
to
than
logical
Physio-
the cially
espeNorthern
type,
them
Western
itself in the
bitterest clash.
and
Middle
with
differences mean
wide
England type,
Southern
our
New
our
All
wars
have
similar
the Western
difference in type is
and Middle
West
and
not
Northern
are
fast
before
disappearing
of the
same
IN
INFLUENCES
NEGRO
American
typical
AMERICAN
LIFE
type.
and
differentiation
throughthe
formed
association and
ante-historicrace
historicraces
173
givingrise to
well. Races
mentary
amalgamationof frag-
races, numbers
mingledwith
as
of survivors of
the evolution of
our
modern
ante-
yellow,
races.
portant
Seeming deviations of the previousparagraphlead to an imtruth
the finalCaucasianization of
physio-psychological
the negro, making him physiologically
equal with the white.
but can
Some may laugh at the suggestion,
they satisfactorily
this question Why is it that the black color,the inkanswer
black color of the negro, has increasingly
diminished in exact
ratio as the flowing
Is
years separate us from the Civil War?
itpossibly
racial amalgamation? Racial amalgamationdoes not
involve reproduction,
essentially
althoughwholesale instances
of white into negro
not wanting. It involves the injection
are
blood and physical
ing
That alone has itstellforce,and vice versa.
interblend
Such relationships
physicalchanging process.
It is impossible
sense.
types in a tremendouslyphysiological
"
"
that members
without
of different
certain
statisticsof
races
should
have
intimate relations
exchange of physicalcharacteristics.
these thingsare not shouted from the
rally,
Natutop.
house-
gradualamalgamationof initiatively
the earlier separated
widelyseparate racial types. Similarly,
as
American types are becoming centralized into one
type, so the
American negro, alreadypossessed
of the mental and
of many
emotional characteristicsof our
nation,has become so importantly
differentfrom his African ancestor
that to callhim a plain
Ethiopwould not be touchingthe point. He is alreadyan
American citizen. Who
knows what he will be six generations
hence?
THE
174
from
Europe
Western
or
FORUM
Asia.
of Southern
Caucasian
the average
Many of them
in truth
might be taken
or
"
the
is
so
emphatically
the fact.
apart from
some
color is
reflection might
disfavor.
not
mental
or
to
ment's
mo-
marked
importance.
psychical
dealing,the inter-influenceof
higher and lower mental qualities.We have seen how a lower
form cannot
be absorbed by a higherwithout indirectly
partaking
It is the mental with which
we
are
of its lower
negro
to
related
more
Being closer to more
conditions,
primitive
closely
the higher mammalian
types than to the exalted evolutionary
Caucasians
the
of Caucasians as such
representative
partakesof this lower enfoldment and is closer to natural
negro
closer to the animal
character in expression;
to speak explicitly,
of negroid traits will forcibly
type in instinct. A description
state
of
"
:
bringto mind the idea of this close relationship
"
the
lengthof
abnormal
The
1.
IN
INFLUENCES
NEGRO
the
AMERICAN
arm,
LIFE
sometimes
175
reachingto
knee-pan.
angle,700 ; in Caucasian,820).
Prognathism(facial
20
oz. ; average
(In gorilla,
3. Weight of brain,35 oz.
European, 45 oz.)
scleroticcoat.
4. Coal-black eye, black irisand yellowish
with dilated
snub nose, broad at the extremity,
5. Short flat,
nostrilsand concave
ridge.
6. Thick,protruding
showinginner surface.
lips,
7. Very largezygomaticarches.
him to use the head as
thick cranium,enabling
8. Exceedingly
2.
weapon
of attack.
9. Weak
low
"
lower
in
limbs,terminating
somewhat
and
instep,
projecting
flat foot,with
broad
prehensile
great
toe, and
lark heel."
14.
than in other
The
races.
stands
description
between
similarity
negro
instincts. Scientistshave
merit.
itsown
on
and
measured
It shows
lower
to
the remarkable
types and
pointsof
primitive
accuracy
The
the
Caucasian,
typical
negro
noticeable
from
that of
Bushman?
Not
by
bearing.
Steepedin inferiorstandards
feeling,
sensuous
vehemently
of the negro, if admitted
in
to
of
in thoughtand
life,
primitive
the
expression,
express
themselves
moral
in
standards
highlycivil-
176
THE
community,will
ized
easier
influence it to
slipbackward
to
FORUM
than
to
desirable
no
forward.'
go
It is
degree.
It is easier for
is a very
possiblecondition under
when
so
environment.
it is induced
Progressionis
the attainment
but
circumstance,
any
ticularly
par-
close
by
proximityto degenerative
symbol of self-control and of
the
the
brought about; retrogression
noticeable
feature
of the
back.
setting
more
character,one
negro
negro
the
any
morallyrelaxative.
for any
extended negro
asceticism.
he fails to understand
race
moral
extreme
reason
As
endeavor.
lives
He
We
need
of
more
fear
not
vegetative
life,
requisites
eats, drinks,sleeps,
goes through all the physical
he cares
and,provided this life is not disturbed in its expression,
littlefor any other. It would be
of the race
who
representatives
are
the
considering
which
has
unjustto
are
on
higherplane,but
for it is the
collectively,
race
not
are
on
our
race
as
whole
life. It is
the
population,
we
thinkable
un-
increased
should not
unhampered circumstances of negro expression,
have an importantreaction on the white population,
particularly
the negro greater and more
as the latter is daily
tant
imporallowing
is
social recognitionand privilege.By social recognition
of social courtesy, but the livingdown of
not
meant
interchange
tionship
that aloofness which previously
differentiated the relastrictly
and
of white
almost nominal
and
converse
have
allowed
and
That
seen
in that
be
may
this differentiation is
black.
growing freedom
furthered.
Of
our
of
the white.
This
furtherance
daily
industrial conditions
course,
this
cannot
fail
now
of social
to
negro
is parrelationship
ticularly
visiblein contrast
was
once
regarded
less demand
as
of inferiority
on
recognition
the
THE
178
limitations
perceptiblemoral
restraint
sexual
moral
is almost
uncertaintyis
influence
the
or
its
it may
exercise
last quarter
to
of
music
have
music
of
the
formed
of
music
of the
all
are
it is from
more
the negro
of sexual
otherwise
it be
in the
otherwise
it be
sensuously
his
sensuous
when
larynx
sonorous
sensuously
savage,
when
the
ancestry
howl
protypical African?
It is
emphasized.
which
touches
the
of this
the
not
menta-psychical influence
physical
complete
reaction
American,
of
the
intricacy.
disturbing conditions
to
the
of the lower
influence
race
and, what
on
It is believed
the weaker
is more,
it is
by
directlyor
of the negro
that
the
as
in
counts
on
and
conduct
is visible
Easterner,
are
much
which
mental,
telling
the
Accordingly considered,
negro's thought
particularly the
and
as
physical in expression,
in racial counter-influences.
manner
these
divorce, the
could
It is the characterization
is
mind.
illicitcohabitation,
as
from
first voiced
was
of
danger,
first voiced
How
ever
what-
American
increase
could
the
through
was
in
passion-appealing, the
discussing. How
and
mouth?
the
average
the
of
the
and
its birth
negro
the
increased
immediate
more
been
had
significancelies
provision almost
necessary
least its
we
Its
century
latitude
it is of relative
it may,
as
questionable cafe
the
of
the widest
our
The
rag-time.
at
that
over
uncertainty and
growing
less due
crime,
Be
the latter,
With
type.
and
unknown,
conceded.
of the negro
isolatedlyconsidered.
importance
During
FORUM
many
in
social
turbance
dis-
sociologists that
indirectlyto
American
the
upon
be
uted
attrib-
the influence
life;,
portion of society.
It is
able;
reason-
true.
"
SYNGE
J. M.
W.
and
when
of
this
on
papers
heard.
way
my
On
the
About
to
Belfast
and
were
there.
sleepunder the
chaperon,nor admire
'shift"; nor
Playboy
of
sat
and
They
the
Tuesday
play had
trumpets
wished
murderer,
ing.
morn-
been
of
seats
from
the
the
roof with
same
Dublin
the front
on
blown
the
On
the
silence what
Irish
nor
use
women
out
with-
man
young
a
they
wrord
like
and
recognizethe country men
of Davis and Kickham
in these poetical,
women
violent,grotesque
of God so freely,
and spoke
persons, who used the name
of all thingsthat hit their fancy.
A patriotic
journalismwhich had seen in Synge'scapricious
imaginationthe enemy of all it would have young men
believe,
had
could
had
on
Ireland's womanhood.
never
Dublin
to
word
shouted
slander upon
The
of
act
until I got
more
Monday night no
forty young men
men
considered
would
no
fortyyoung
second
It had
success."
then
I knew
from
pit,and stamped
rise
was
in Aberdeen,
lecturing
I was
over
given a
Play great
after the
World,
shift."
the word
"
was
After
bedroom
the
Dublin
Western
the
time.
at
from
sent
said,
1907,
lecture
my
telegram which
been
B. Yeats
Saturday,January 26,
ON
TIME
HIS
OF
IRELAND
THE
AND
for years
one
any
is
at
once
the art of
ignoblepower of journalism,
ridiculous or evil
repeatinga name
again and again with some
association. The preparation
had begun after the firstperformance
of The Shadow
of the Glen, Synge's first play,with an
assertion made
in ignorance,but repeated in dishonesty,
that
he had
mind
nor
admitted
taken
that
to
most
characters,not
profound knowledge
possess,
Some
his
but
"
spontaneous
From
of
writer
dislike had
179
cot
and
from
curragh he
of the Roman
been
his
but
own
was
dence."
deca-
natural, for
180
THE
FORUM
but
can
like
the defence
things,artificial,
of virtue by those that have but little,
which is the pomp
and
of journalism
the world.
and its rightto govern
gallantry
was,
violent
most
II
Thomas
can
to
Davis, whose
life had
institutions must
show
that
its young
which
simplicity
stylealone can give
the moral
country which
men
has
national
no
the
of the world,"
ear
she could
not
unabashed.
and loved
at
come
at
rare
moments
us,
by large numbers
no
personalexperience,
and if
though
Ireland,even
the world's other ear, might go her way
might slander
of
people,must
patienceof study,no
some
Memory
of
to be
understood
appeal to
of
delicacy
the Dead
can
rich
no
sense;
take its
and matter
manner
strengthfrom one; at all other moments
cause
will be rhetorical,
sentimental;and language,beconventional,
it is carried
will
beyond life perpetually,
be
as
wasted
as
and a dread
thought,with unmeaning pedantriesand silences,
of all that has salt and savor.
After a while,in a land that
has given itself to agitationover-much, abstract thoughtsare
the
raised up between
same
men's minds
thing twice,or
makes
and
one
does the
Nature, who never
like another,till minds,
man
whose
of minds
unsettled
IRELAND
THE
AND
J.M. SYNGE
OF
HIS
TIME
181
They
and seeks by
State which has only paper money,
like some
are
punishmentsto make it buy whatever gold can buy. They no
is
longer love,for only life is loved,and at last,a generation
needs continual defence makes
who
woman
hysterical
like an
bitter and
them
unmeasured
will make
because of
impossible
things,
solitary
thoughtwhich has turned
and believe
from
restless.
some
a
accusations
deduction
logical
portionof her mind
to stone.
Ill
if what
Even
continual
one
defends
apology,whatever
be true,
the cause,
attitude of
an
unforeseen,and in the
hither
drifting
mere
and emotion.
zealous
of
spectacle
must
the mind
makes
because
defence,a
delightin
the
what
world, the
come
barren
is
mere
thought
if he lives much
Irishman, especially
of
and
priests,
to
make
the meshes
fine,
Englishliterature,
substituting
ments
arguand hesitations for the excitement at the firstreadingof
the great poets which should be a sort of violent imaginative
puberty. His hesitations and arguments may have been right,
the Catholic philosophymay
be more
profound than Milton's
vehement
the less do we
or
vision;but none
morality,
Shelley's
lose life by losingthat recklessness Castiglione
sary
thoughtnecesin good manners,
and offend our
even
Lady Truth, who
would never, had she desired an anxious courtship,
have digged
a well to be her parlor.
I admired,thoughwe were
on
some
alwaysquarrelling
matter,
versy
J. F. Taylor,the orator, who died justbefore the firstcontrothese plays. It often seemed to me
that when he
over
spoke Ireland herself had spoken,one got that sense of surprise
comes
that
between
and
when
is far from
the
common
it has been
spoken,the
comes
man
is unforeseen,because it
THE
82
back and
have
forgottensightsand
reveal
heard
never
him
life was
speak except
but there
political
society,
whose
FORUM
at any
rate,
passions. I
Irish
some
or
literary
I found
in conversation,
as
ceaseless reverie
the
and
religious
political
historyof Ireland. He saw himself pleading for his
country before an invisible jury,perhaps of the great dead,
againsttraitors at home and enemies abroad, and a sort of
a
man
frenzyin
him
and
for the
moment
"
again, Why
of
creator
I read
memory,
"
The
of wisdom
premise; and
from
detachable from
sentence
its context
but statement,
displayed."The
rollingbackward
and
one
or
the presence
felt in what
from
self-evident,
is
Blake
what
of what
sense
was
now
naked
understand
but argument
and
quires
re-
beauty
obvious,the
and
with the
gone
one
that which
"
called
unforeseen
was
of
nobility
with the
no
other
through his
elevation of his
thoughtsgave
styleand music. One asked oneself again
is not this man
of genius,
an
artist,
a man
a
kind?
some
over
livingvoice,
he
what
logic.
saw
I found
myselfin
of
of words
moment,
with
no
of
no
thing,
intricacy
woven
of salt
more
of
or
professorof literature,
there is no
carry
mind
own
or
the substance of
than those of
savor
writingwhich
lasting
does
not
does
can
pleasure. How
be full of abstractions and images created
even
not
define the
some
leaf and
if there
know
were
Jesuit
that
or
quality,
one,
not
twig,
if one's
for their
stillthe
to the mind's
pictures
eye, discover thoughts that tightenthe muscles,or quiver and
and stand like St. Michael with the trumpet
tinglein the flesh,
that callsthe
body to
ear, make
resurrection?
IV
taught
event, and
historywith the
this for lack,when less than
study of
our
J.M. SYNGE
THE
AND
IRELAND
OF
wrecked
HIS
that of
old
man
TIME
other
with
183
countries
academic
an
was
and
five-acttragedyoutside the classic languages,
from
his
of
description
model; while
an
it
was
written
certainly
allusion
to
copper
this
on
tragedy
the Elizabethan
boat, a marvel
of
slipper,
persuadeshim that the ancient
Irish had forestalled the modern
dockyardsin the making of
who doubted, let us say, our
fabulous
metal ships. The man
ancient kingsrunningup to Adam, or found but mythology in
hated as if he had doubted the authority
old tale,was
as
some
that he had
Above
of Scripture.
was
so
all,no man
ignorant,
amid
not by rote familiar arguments and statisticsto drive away
familiar applauseall those,had they but found strange truth in
the world or in their mind, whose knowledge has passedout of
magic like
memory
Cinderella's
and become
an
instinctof hand
or
eye.
There
was
no
mined
Tayloralwaysspokewith confidence,
though he was no deterflattered or jostled
from his way; and
beingeasily
man,
heart into his mouth, made him
this,
puttingas it were his fiery
formidable. And I have noticed that all those who speak the
of many, speak confidently,
while those who speak their
thoughts
own
and timid,as thoughtheyspoke out
thoughtsare hesitating
of a mind and body grown
sensitive to the edge of bewilderment
impressions.They speak to us that we may give
among
many
them certainty,
by seeingwhat they have seen; and so it
does not come
from those
is,that enlargementof experience
oratorical thinkers,
from those decisive rhythms that move
or
largenumbers of men, but from writers that seem
by contrast
feminine as the soul when
as
it explores
in Blake's picturethe
of the grave, carryingits faint lamp tremblingand
recesses
THE
84
astonished; or
breasted
all
the Muses
as
but
Amazons,
which
art
of his
FORUM
as
who
one-
needing protection.Indeed,
women
appealsto individual
and his
picturedas
never
are
and
man
when
seems
reveries,
arrayed against
the moral zeal,the confident logic,
the ordered proof of journalism,
vexatious thing,a tumbler who has
a trifling,
impertinent,
senses
of
marching army.
VI
I attack
thingsthat
are
dear
as
to
as
many
holy image
some
into
contemplationI would
but say
believed
make
sible
pos-
but the
this
of
possession
aim, and
indeed
was
societies with
in Paris when
foundingone
I first
met
though I was
year'sleaves are
And
never
a
convinced
livingforest,or thoughta
or
of
the
hard in
one
who
within
lives where
of last
continual
apologetic
soul a vapor and the body a
be made by anything
but by
I have had
ourselves,
forms
to
learn
of
expressionand habits
for the pleasureof begetting,
but
from insincerity,
vanity,
publicgood, is that purification
which is the discoveryof style.But it
malignity,
arrogance,
for the
whether
in life or
but love-children.
are
letters,
VII
in Paris, that
unfitted
one
impliedsome
think
thought,
political
sentence, spoken when I firstmet
sort
to
I
of nationalist conviction,
86
THE
cave
had
the whole
have
not
looked
not
FORUM
of life.
in the
quarrelling
him, if something in his nature
those wherein he
disputes,even
amused
out
most
on
that when
some
he lived in
The
women
mischievous wisdom.
He
told
me
once
was
him
even
dislike,
others,much as
in
It is
possiblethat low
and made
contemplative,
to
us
all
when fatigue
illnesshas sharpor
dislike,
ened
the nerves,
the
hoardings covered with advertisements,
fronts of big theatres,
big London
hotels,and all architecture
which has been made to impressthe crowd.
What
blindness did
for
Homer,
we
for
lameness
Hephaestus,asceticism for
any
saint
nations and
the sacrificeof
itself,
a victory,
within
certain that my
who
man
to
man
full of
so
himself.
am
in poverty and
sickness
ated
cre-
from
bringthe
In
the
artist'sjoy which
one
poem
is of
he waits
perhaps,and while
that nobody is coming, sees
a
woman
future;and
wonders
gone
to
he
can
and
see
mix
his
come
for
corner
tity.
sanc-
friend,
understands
gradually
funerals and
two
twenty-five
years
on,
street
he waits and
on
by. Later
some
written
in another
if the
at
one
shivers
at
the
he
twenty-fifth
birthday,
shall be
himself
as
into all he
but
sees
as
evil as those
part of the
that flavor of
a
AND
J.M. SYNGE
IRELAND
THE
HIS
OF
TIME
187
a
destinybut as it were
through a burning glassof that generalto men.
projection
There is in the creative joy an acceptance of what life brings,
have understood the beautyof what it brings,or a
because we
were
hatred of death
energy
the
so
noble,so powerful,that
terror
the
or
within
for what
through some
us,
own
of
sweetness
laugh aloud
we
and
men,
mock, in
at death
exaltation,
our
an
and
oblivion.
In
no
modern
be Miss
or
illobserved
which
on
intelligence,
Egyptianwall; for in
the tragedyof the world
amusement
an
are
these
an
so
to
but
where
procession
paintedon
in
are
well
wisdom
accustomed
no
time
are
the
come
of
to
to
brew
fables,an
sleepydrug,
of its wisdom.
expression
morbid
seem
tragic
reality
writers who
have
not
faced
Protestant controversialist.
The
imaginedit above
in heroic
above
the clouds?
VIII
Not
that
THE
88
which
the
itself,
to
who
his
artist. Sir
pure
"
could hear
look upon
"
FORUM
sweet
lady) and
Or
if
As
with
Oh
let them
To
(by which
be stirred to
not
to
beingsufficient
PhilipSidneycomplains of those
"
tunes
is nearest
he understands
"
could
delight."
ravishing
do
they
these
for three
Ireland
sacred
tunes, and
learn
of wit, fools if
bonds
Wonder's
in
they
be
schools
fools !"
not
those lineaments
the Irish
among
Borrow
cry out
he
as
of the bravest
beautiful
most
to
scholars of the
and
women
Kerry,and
to
!"
It was,
from
eighteenthcentury and
from
older
from
came
again and
again
as
I believe,
the duellists
generations
to
Aran,
to
IX
"
When
mass
could
not
open
sat
for
"
that I
used
room
outside,so that I
givemyselflight.
before
as
After
chimney to
walls,I
corner
the
fire with
became
on
placewhere
while
as
ing
curious feel-
never
am
so
felt the
man
me
see
dignityfrom
which
have
This
peace
littlecottage.
to
himself.
the
it to
from
we
are
as
the
live in it,
primitive
THE
AND
J.M. SYNGE
IRELAND
OF
HIS
of
necessity
his
nature.
met
to
much
over
of
TIME
189
Before I
ing
Europe, listen-
servants
for
people,and this from an aesthetic interest,
had no money
to give,and cared
he had gatheredno statistics,
of the poor, being content
for
to pay
nothingfor the wrongs
of eye and ear with a tune upon the fiddle. He did
the pleasure
not love them the better because theywere
poor and miserable,
and it was
only when he found Innismaan and the Blaskets,
with poor
and
where
"
nor
"
"
or
above allwas
in, from
'
have refused
silence from
formidable
sciolist" who
"
men,
where
all our
from
manners
great
orator
mattered.
took
delight
from
indignation,
moral
porary,
tem-
the
life that
sad," from all in modern
would destroythe arts; and here, to take a thought from another
playwrightof our school,he could love Time as only
women
is
never
never
sellit.
X
As
I read The
since he showed
Aran
much
of
it me
knowledgeof
world
which
Islands
in
is yet
went
to
the creation
Spain of Cervantes.
Here is the story of The Playboy,of The Shadow
of the Glen;
here is the
of the young
and the finding
ghoston horseback
man's body of Riders to the Sea,numberless ways of speechand
vehement pictures
that had seemed to owe
tion,
nothingto observaand all to some
of himself,or to some
mere
overflowing
of dramatic construction. I had thoughtthe violent
necessity
quarrelsof The Well of the Saints came
from his love of bitter
but here is a couplethat quarrelall day long amid
condiments,
a
"
as
fantastic as
"
the
THE
190
neighborswho
of
FORUM
for
gatheras
defended
I had
play.
make
burning
artist need
ChristyMahon's
the
too
but
tion,
observa-
was
"
for
in
fancy Martin
ducks, but
I had
danger."
Dhoul
few
lines further
smith
the
accused
is unknown,
indignation
in the
thought it was
read,
in this book
on,
"
of
Sometimes
when
I go
into
their knees
place down on
pluckingthe feathers from live ducks and geese."
He
moral
where
of the
women
of
wantonness
his audience
to
nearness
to
It is
constant,
so
suggests
and
it is all set
out
so
correspondencebetween
passionateminds love
than his.
taste
that
simply,so naturally,
him
moves
it
lastingmood
of the soul
of rocks and
wind.
an
bitter food.
Indian
The
scripturesays,
Yet he is
indifferent
no
his
not
leaving,
thinkingto
mitten has
the
to
stick,one
study. When
he had
travelled with
heaven
and
knows,
inn where
one
searched
he understood
were
of
him
hole in it where
notices
he
again;and
the
palm is
pensionerwho
had
he
staying,
theywere
island and
island
lame
see
from
back
to
the
the
woman.
book
seems
"
I read, there
when
moments
are
pages, wherein
the
onlylifehe
it
business),
is
was
of
not
an
events,
which
on
that I
cannot
walked
we
and
heart reflects
same
character in
him
while his
silent;
no
of
matters
changed.
never
instrument
thing,an
experimental
one
face,every
unarranged,unspeculating
His conversation
of
these
it comes
line of his
191
to him
pool. Thought comes
long seeminglyunmeditative watching,
in the stillwater
itself as
was
while I read
now
every
TIME
HIS
clear in memory
when
nearer
no
so
He
OF
IRELAND
THE
AND
SYNGE
J.M.
recall
essays
judgment even
"
makes
his
born in
art
some
have
as
strange wildness and coldness,
of
man
far-off spacious
land and time.
XI
There
artists like
who
Byron, like Goethe, like Shelley,
have impressive
active wills and all their faculties
personalities,
at the service of the will;but he belongedto those who, like
Wordsworth, like Coleridge,like Goldsmith, like Keats, have
little
far as the casual eye can see, littlepersonal
so
personality,
but fiery
and broodingimagination.I cannot
will,
imaginehim
anxious
to impress,
convince in any company,
or
or
sayingmore
than was
sufficient
to keep the talk circling.
Such men
have the
advantagethat all they write is a part of knowledge,but they
are
are
powerless before
events
and
have
often
but
one
visible
THE
192
only this
taken
or
young
long
so
books
as
some
been
or
it is
have been
itschosen
not
do not
like
movement
of making
opportunities
ours;
in what
money
preparation. He
had
imagination,littleinterest in anythingthat
subject.He hardlyseemed
of other writers.
and
in
almost unconscious
an
greatlyinterested
FORUM
remember
from
that I had
him
was
of the existence
aware
if he cared
knew
never
no
for work
even
of
mine,
conventional
plicity
compliment,and yet he had the most perfectmodesty and simin dailyintercourse,
self-assertion was
impossibleto him.
On the other hand, he was
He
useless amidst, sudden events.
much
was
and
shaken
but it made
no
of defiance
out
softened
nor
of
out
He
neither
timidity.He
exaggerated
wrote
on
as
if
Riders
defiance. Misfortune
or
shook his
persona
nature
physical
shadow, character
touch of
Sea, no
untroubled.
nature
was
the
to
while
The
external
was
all.
XII
He
was
saw
full of hidden
silent man
drifting,
layhidden
there,set
in himself.
English market:
drove
whole
in its
turn
togetherin
out
and
a
close
the
to
thrown
the
down
moved
was
carried
were
When
on
the
Then
sea.
the North
on
steamer
upon
after passage
of excitement.
the
lightof day, he
is passage
There
in which
"
in the
out
passion,and
was
scribes
de-
Island for
gettingnear, the
singleknot,with
He
tag of rope
hitched
remaining,by which
itcould be carried.
"
inflictedwas
not
THE
194
FORUM
intense
far away
"It came
rhythm of
faint
music
beginning
instrument.
stringed
closer to me, gradually
and
increasingin quickness
volume with an irresistibly
it was
definite progression.When
and blood,to
in my nerves
quitenear the sound began to move
urge
some
to
me
"
on
that if I
I knew
of terrible agony,
knees together
with my
moment
my
"
The
yieldedI
so
hands.
music
increased
of
harps tuned to a
of the 'cello.
as the strings
searching
Then the luringexcitement became
"
will,and
"
In
limbs moved
my
breath
My
became
moment
and
form
joy;then
the
a
the
or
Then
rhythm
it grew
of
into
in
every
I could
movement.
with
whirlingof
At
of the
notes
impulse of
my
not
not
last,with
notes.
body
between
distinguish
ness.
conscious-
or
filledwith
was
was
lost in
the dance.
of
all existence
echo the
whirlwind
and my own
person
excitement that
an
ecstasy where
an
my
me.
away
thoughts and
my
swept
was
while it seemed
vortex
spiteof
the instrument
For
in
powerfulthan
more
to.
When
to
agony
and
rage.
onlyto
rhythm.
of uncontrollable
movement
frenzyI
broke
looked
out.
was
sound
no
The
moon
across
glittering
was
anywhere on
bay
and there
the island."
XIII
In all drama
to
which
would
of dialogue. When
GEdipus speaks out of
rapidity
vehement
he is conscious of the presence of
passions,
checks the
the
most
the chorus,
men
before whom
he
must
keep
up
appearances,
"
as
our
OF
HIS
who
do
breathless.
or
them, takingpart
lesser
line "
of Cadmus'
Nothinghappensbefore
and in
IRELAND
is hurried
passion.Nobody
and discuss
THE
AND
SYNGE
J.M.
as
it
share his
not
council of
of
dignity
The
eyes.
195
listen to reports
We
in
were
TIME
Greek
state.
drama,
Shakespeareandrama,
on
sion
and on a so continuous excluspeed of dialogue,
that thoughtremains lofty
of the animation of common
life,
almost
an
even
to name
reaches the
who
who
can
their own
at
to
mind
"
"
beingspersons
faint as a breath upon a looking-glass,
are
as
symbols
speak a languageslow and heavy with dreams, because
same
end, by
lifeisbut
dream.
Modern
drama,
on
the other
hand,
be inferred from
to
some
commonplace
infer it in
The
or
gesture
we
divisions in the
and
technical,
one
as
another
arts
by
the form
the metal
or
meet
thoughtof
in one
mirror, by the
of dialogue.Synge found
rapidity
almost
are
men
who
are
another's houses
listenpatiently,
each
"
an
is long and
much
as
the check
meditative,as befits
alone,and who
their way
is at the
when
they
day'send
"
little
speakingin turn and for some
time, and takingpleasurein the vaguer
meaning of the words
and in their sound.
Their thought,
when not merelypractical,
is
as full of traditional wisdom
and extravagant pictures
as that of
man
THE
196
FORUM
iEschyleanchorus, and
some
as
doubtless he would
but for the
itwas
rammed
"
from
themselves
of
queens
from
them.
fine arms
when
girlmaybe
or
night?
start
helpme?
it'sfew would
would
That
slap.
What
good
old
an
the
are
What
few but
woman,
This
have
the
with
sleeping
good
grand stories
would
his food.
it,making
them
on
listen to
in
while Cervantes
so
the
to
I've
hit you
littlechild wouldn't be
"
not
would
I this night,God
I have
the
Casey,and
am
speech
littleabstract it is and
so
matches
of
manner
of national propageneralizations
ganda.
the fineststory you'dhear any place
worn
telling
you
to
shinysilks on
Raftery's
whiskey-drinking
A medicinal
express,
even
those
life,
Dundalk
serves
company's sake.
topicis,it is
arms'
not
I'llbe
at
the
what
matter
no
come,
was
hunger
on
cold
thought itsweet
though
in the mouth
was
boy
was
capableof noble
humor
roystering
only;and this error
by so many novelists and rhymers made
wrote
down
words
and
because
fixed
me
phraseswherever
on
my
imagination
listen badly.
Synge
reality.How
eyes with
great scholar."
version,and how
speech,in
which
out
of them
would
Villon
are
those
from
bring folly
More
vivid
his Petrarch
mourns
that death
came
upon
THE
AND
SYNGE
J.M.
OF
HIS
TIME
197
making chastity
easy, and the day come
and say out all thingsare in their
lovers may sittogether
when
sweet
was
making a start, littleby
hearts,"and
enemy
my
her great wariness,the way she was
to giveover
wringing
little,
a sweet
thingout of my sharpsorrow."
justas
Laura
time
IRELAND
was
"
"
XIV
I had been
"
"
indeed
tame
It isthe strangest,the
Irish fantasy,
which
that has
account
is
come
out
of
in drama of that
expression
overflowingthrough all Irish Literature
Ireland itself (compare the fantastic Irish
most
beautiful
genius. In modern
poet'scurse
upon
his
account)
days this
children," There
are
three
THE
198
I
thingsthat
that
worms
are
for my
wealth
Oh, Christ,hang
and
spoken with
were
FORUM
care
anger
Islands told
that took
An
gloom,
old
out
man
on
of
the
Aran
father,and
me
I had
him
in my
house
own
six months
tillhe got
America."
to
their movement,
how
have
or
into
themselves
when
short
seen
do
theycertainly
as
ing
patriotsare tellI
the killing
of him.
had
wrought
possessed by what
papers
so
imaginary loyalty,
that
geniusof satiricfantasy,
an
the very
all but looked
one
feathered heel among
the cobble stones.
Part of
to find some
the delightof crowd or individual is alwaysthat somebody will
seemed
be angry,
that he may
yet.
a
be
should
Why
we
emotions
of all those
dream
should, and
not
solemn
more
because
which
theymust?
Our
so
wake
We
malice
higher
run
him
feel because
men
are
from
they
orate
victorybut are content to elabbeauty,
our
extravagance, if fortune aid,into wit or lyric
and as for the rest, There are nightswhen a king like Concho-,
to
themselves,do
not
wish
for
"
bar would
tongues
at
Oscar Wilde
of
comedy
and Mr.
to
our
Shaw
the
celebrated makers
most
plainerstillin the
few speechesof the other,
conversation of the
that is but because
Bernard
one,
and
they have
in
some
not
been able
to
turn
out
of their
youth. Yet,
playsan alien trick of zeal pickedup in struggling
the
and not
in Synge'splays also, fantasygives the form
for
thought,
the
IRELAND
THE
AND
SYNGE
J.M.
OF
HIS
core
TIME
199
ing
over-power-
an
capacityfor sharingin
of our delight.Great art chillsus at
that vision is the measure
firstby itscoldness or its strangeness, by what seems
capricious,
it has authority,
and yet it is from these qualities
as
though it
had fed on locust and wild honey. The
imaginativewriter
reversed in a
shows us the world as a painterdoes his picture,
that we may see it,
not as it seems
to eyes habit has
looking-glass
Adam
and this the firstmorning;and
but as we were
made dull,
when the new
image becomes as littlestrange as the old we shall
vision of certain
virtues,and
our
to
share his
us
not
that
vision,
sincerity
strange
makes
us
share his
feeling.
speak of one's
To
to
from
out
come
emotions
under
without
fear
or
of other men's
the shadow
ambition,
moral
minds, to
forgettheir needs,to
knew
no
lovable
so
be
have added
nor
lawless
so
to my
"
as
being,not
mine
and
men
author
women
sung
neither
are
it me
"; that I
knowledge.
my
XV
I
of
wrote
the
most
Normandy, and
Here I
saw
the
of these
thoughtsin
I finished
as
came
my
upon
those
placesof assembly,
with
ing-cups
stems
ordinances
of
to sleep
in.
dormitory
taken
man
from
gold to
Even
of the
cloisters on
or
the rock's
or
knights,
or
tion.
propor-
drinkPopes forbidding
these monks
when
coast
Saint Michel.
Mont
the
diaryon
who
the
imagining,
had but
bare
individual had
THE
200
of
the
FORUM
Egypt than
soul,but
solitary
seemed
of
ing
Christendom,spoke noth-
to
announce
yet to
an
come
that what
had made
these but
whether
past
or
ure
bondage of adventand
patiently
saw
sand
giventhem for a thouyears the miracles of their shrine and temporal rule by
poverishme
land and sea, was
not
to knave
a condescension
or
dolt,an imof the common
thoughtto make it serviceable and
in whatever,even
easy, but a dead language and a communion
is of incredible difficulty.
to the greatest saint,
stantiatio
Only by the subof the soul, I thought,whether in literature or in
can
we
come
sanctity,
upon those agreements, those separations
from all else that fasten men
for while a
togetherlastingly;
Burns and Scott can but create a provpopular and picturesque
ince,
and our Irish cries and grammars
serve
some
passingneed,
Homer, Shakespeare,Dante, Goethe and all who travel in their
define races
road with however poor a stride,
and create everlasting
loyalties.
Synge,like all of the great kin,sought for the
in the future,
even
or
race, not through the eyes or in history,
found God, in the depthsof the mind;
but where those monks
indeed
and in all art like this,althoughit does not command
lie the roots of far-branching
because it does not
events.
may
Only that which does not teach,which does not cry out, which
does not persuade,which does not condescend,which does not
selves
explainis irresistible. It is made by men who expressedthemand it works through the best minds ; whereas
to the full,
that they
the external and picturesque
and declamatory
writers,
and guide-books,
may create kiltsand bagpipes and newspapers
leave the best minds empty, and in Ireland and Scotland,England
as
one
and
"
"
runs
because
never
known
It has
no
array
of arguments
and
ims,
max-
have
their
with the scenery and events of their country,by those great poets,
and who to this day in Europe
it in solitude,
who have dreamed
are
has
creatingindestructiblespiritual
races, like those religion
THE
202
the handsome
kindlyon
that,when
she had
truculent
Mary,
him
committed
swordsmanship in
fell:
youth,with
broken
With
FORUM
the
such potent
to
magic indeed
Edinburgh Castle,for his
citystreets, he
not
only
"
had
to
was
see
him
die.
her,before the
axe
"
Most
but most
cruel of her sex!
lovely,
Happier than he, perhapsthe happiestof all Mary's minor
that
lovers,was
eighteenwho
she had
young
managed her
escape
from
Lochleven
Castle.
Him
his
years
her
on
later,another gallantmoth
was
to
magic dazzle,young
murder
ready to
his dream
to
Tower
And
who
lovers still,
humbler
names,
Hill.
to
these
might be added
to
other
smile from
of casual tenderness
arts
If
says
of
one
her
one
of
four
I know
mistake,
folk would
gibe
far."
Maries," in Swinburne's
honied
play,
charm
to tellwhere
striving
layher mistress's all-conquering
"
She
The
has
always loved
marshal, head
love's fashions
of
mad.
pushed courtesy so
us
"
how
some
easy to
so
too
well
you
wot,
used
She
And
I cannot
Which
see
in such
snares
tender
And
There
the inside
as
but
Mary Hamilton;
talking:
So
Mary
"
The
soft and
In
of men;
sense
man's
as
of the
eye
eyelid is,
her."
about
grows
lurks
that
all the
wise
specialbeauty, subtle
What
here,
For, myself,
side of her
which
Carmichael
I think her
deems
Mary
"
cunning speech
"
of her breath
rapid shudder
with
those
looks
amorous
Plucks
clear
playing of those
lure of
The
eyes
poet strives
to
perfectbrows
eyelashes,
sad
as
her like
formulate
to
which
even
love,
as
a
net."
Mary's
a giftof perconveying,
sonal
her enemies
fascination which
portraits
onlyhint at, but fall short of
enchantment
all."
is in her eyes:
It is the
So
"
"
I say, her
of
203
thick
little kisses
with
her
brought
he
ere
rose-harvest.
in
roses
with
talk
their
sow
As
talk
to
CHASTELARD
POET
THE
AND
STUART
MARY
could with
bore
witness,but
exactness
analyze.
After
death!
desperate
logicof
Pierre Boscobel
of
essence
at
to
seem
have
been
the
de
Swinburne's
of the Pleiade.
noble
fine frenzy,
has
madness,his really
fair due
no
that other
Bayard,and poet
Outside Mr.
its
for the
"
fore.
why or wherePlain miracle is alike the onlyexplanation
of a rose, or of
tragicMary "; and plainmadness is perhapsthe most logical
vine
worshipof such beauty. Divine beauty,divine madness, di-
divine
most
the hands
tragedy,Chastelard's
not, it seems
of romance,
not
to
to
me,
divine
received
speak of history.
THE
2o4
FORUM
"
"
existence.
"
The
of the guileless
publicof 1805,
mystification
confection entitled
Queen of Scotland
Scotch
Translated
College at Paris.
from
Gallic
Interspersedwith
"
command
to
Mary
manuscriptin
songs,
One
notes
nauseous
from Chatelar
Effusionsof Love
"
with
sonnets
would
need
the
and
the
of that
Billingsgate
explosively
polysyllabic
literary
mudemployedin a very ecstasy of vituperative
which Swinburne
are
This
I stole the
was
rosary
his
over
treasure:
surely'tis forgiven.
"
secret
moment,
myselfpossessor
were
touch,have
Mary's, her ivoryfingerswith love-thrilling
scient
pressed these little amber studs! her lips!love, love, omnilove! her lips,
to
Come, come
too, have kissed them!
mine
"
thus
fragrance,and I
juice!tinged
Oh, balmy essence! nectareous
and thus
"
"
dye of
and thus I
their
scent
more
honey bee's
Even
forms
of
Mr.
rich
store
Maurice
Thus, thus, I
taste
Hewlett, friendly
by
declines
gallantry,
the
thee ! "
nature
in his
opportunity,
Chastelard
to
euphuistic
brilliant The
chance with
posterity;*
butterfly
type
was;
of
speechand
whose
manners,
posturingelegancies
highsugar and general
doubtedly
un-
STUART
MARY
THE
AND
POET
CHASTELARD
205
and strength
dandyismof him, masked the genuinevirility
such externals in
to be found beneath
of soul not infrequently
tastic
often in such fanstern at core, went
those days,when life,
so
so
masquerade. Surelyto those dour Scotch eyes that so
French popinjays,"
grimlywatched the landingof all those
that heartsick mistymorning of Mary's firstarrival at Leith,he
of those
lonian
Babymay well have seemed the very personification
to the godly Mr.
so unpleasing
Knox, the very
iniquities
of
skippersand dancers and
princeof that papistical
company
flown
"
"
"
"
dallierswith dames."
pause
us
to
moment
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
Guise,the Due
of
and the Grand Prior,were
d'Aumale,the Marquis d'Elboeuf,
house
of
this company,
perbore
hypreposterously
regardedby these supercilious
saints as thoughtheywere
a troupe of strolling
ers,
playsix-score noble French gentlemen,
to speak of some
not
amongst
them
and that
"
the chief
of the Louvre;
of the Court
of honor. To
our
at anchor
eyes that littlefleetriding
ornaments
in the
fog
with
half-frightened
laughter, a snatch of flowerysong and a
touched lute maybe here and there,to deepen the disapproving
gaze of Scotch fishwives and glooming zealots
table
veria
seems
"
"
argosy of romance;
so
much
of
fated pervivid,forceful,
sonality
its decks,so much brillianthuman
THE
206
story, so much
FORUM
of the beautiful
"
"
Knox's
Mr.
the
sure
idol of the
"
mass
cate
the musicians with their deli-
"
"
old-world
their
citherns
their lutes and viols,
instruments,
and citoles"; and a specially
charge is in the keepingof
precious
Servais de Conde, no less than the library
of the learned
grave
"
Queen.
young
That
probablythe
libraryitself was
first libraryof any
housed
ever
belles-lettres,
made
by
romantic
uncouth
An
after,when
years
tory,
his-
surelyof
and
account,
in Scotland.
sympathetichand,
no
have
to
catalogue
had
Mary
fled to
notated
England, stillexists,and has been piouslyedited and anvaried
It was
a delightfully
by a modern bibliophile.
sweet
collection,
concentrating
learning dear
every form of
the Decameron
of Bocas
to the Renaissance.
was
Though
"
"
"
there,and
many
quaintArthurian
of Gaule,"
Amades
"
Two
science
gay
"
de
Bellay,and
the
friend
an
with
means
Volume
Amoreuse," and
Tyard
"
Art
"
so
poetry is well
Vergilius
likewise
"
"
her
"
the
"
was
was
library
Herodote,"
the
Peap," and
with
of
the
of
Books
"
Musik
one
"
The
"
as
Answer
volume
Ane
of
by
no
the First
Symposie of
The
"
there,and
"
resented;
rep-
familiar
own
weighty
were
The
Amoreuses," Du
Errores
"
"
himself
Poetik in French
one.
of Horos,"
with his
Ronsard
"
First Buik of
The
of Lancilot de Laik,"
Volumes
master
frivolous
"
romance,
Pontus
"
"
have taken
gether
toJohnne CalvynisEpistle,"
tion
which, doubtless,he approved,a transla-
Buikis of,
Thre
of chess, and
hunting,the game
(perhaps Rizzio's)are found side by side with Saint
"
Augustine,and
there is
one
book
surdly
ab-
"
were
between
the volumes
Servais de Conde
that M.
had
in
keeping
her
"
scarcely
yet dried,and
of her own:
verses
pretty pathetic
tears
Si
en
Soit
Soit
Ou
whom
mourned
with
her
in
quelquesejour,
Bois ou
en
en
Pree,
du
l'aube
jour,
pour
soit pour
Sans
blazoned
she had
whom
were
"
207
boy-KingFrancis,for
arms
de Poitiers
Diane
taste
CHASTELARD
POET
THE
AND
STUART
MARY
la vespree,
sent
coeur
mon
cesse
Le regretd'un absent."
lard had
tellsus that
Brantome
feared
not
to
sonnet
"
tres
in
Italian,
beginning
che
"
"
"
"
He
"
who
herself loved
and parletters,
ticularly
herself,"
was
pretty ones
'
"
sweet
and
gay
had
spirits
and
warships,
Brantome
been
evidently
very
records
one
beth's
by Elizaconceit of
high-flown
THE
208
"
his
"
gentilmot
ce
"
dandiacal
ship'slanterns,the
that there
was
much,
"
As,
manner.
one
can
one
voice of
need
no
FORUM
Chastelard
of lantern
There
to
to
great house
"
French
Chastelard's
"
of
violars
all the
gave
one
music.
make
to
butterfliescontrived
to
patron M.
own
Montmorenci, for
"
and
by.
see
were
the Queen
of five
to
declaring
or
lighthe needed
heard
was
flambeau
the
lighting
things
d'Anville,of the
and then
"
we
hear, too,
"
day of
heaven
.
most
That
part
fore-warninggave
blind."
were
that
been
hung
for
carnival
"
certain human
making
but, alas,the
The
Robin
Hood
"
(a
sort
"
"
serenade
providea
to
in the sermon-ridden
element
company," he
"
says,
of merry
chamber
at her
held their
have
Brantome,
her
gave
as
bad
"
"
ears.
as
Mary and
"
There
came
six hundred
five or
concert
"
window
under
of
most
her courtiers
ragamuffinsof that
singingof psalms,but
so
honest
tions
salutaseem
to
they can
land
Eng-
speakshighly
men
with
us,
tinue.
con-
mummery)
of the entertainment
are
unto
so
littlerusty in
God
did
was
days after
two
face of the
So did the
dolorous
more
man,
wretchedlyout
town,
who
littlerebecs,which
accompaniedthem
of
tune
that noth-
THE
210
the
by
up
this
Montmorencis, and
time, Chastelard
permissionfor
not
in open
as
through London
boast
that he
Mary
all too
hath
this
at
in Scotland.
timelyabsence
Meanwhile,
to
going
was
have
to
seems
breaking out
ceased
talk
religious
war
he had
FORUM
ready to
received him
to
with
"
misunderstand.
EnglishAmbassador,
"
Scotland
to
lady love."
he was
graciousness
is well
He
the Queen,"
and
entertained,
Randolph, the
the sorrel gelding
wrote
"
Cecil, ridingupon
to
his
see
"
to
censure
showeth
"
of his
book
"
is probablythose
sonage
per-
and
told that he
are
the over-great
makings written
in
Sonnattis in Writt
own
Frenche
be
to
have
found
found
in
its way
into
"
Laboureur's
Le
of
lament
which
well have
may
few
print. Some
Additions
not
one,
"
prez,
Rochers,
et
et
plaines,
bois,
Ruisseaux, fleuves,fontaines,
Je
La
veux
chanter
miserable
Qui
Ces
me
Qui
sont
peine
fait lamenter
buissons
et
ces
autour
of
been
forets
to
Castelnau's
are
monts
are
of
the least brilliant,
Mary.
Adieu,
to
verses
arbres
de moy.
rochers et
Ces
ces
bien
Scavent
CHASTELARD
POET
THE
AND
STUART
MARY
Bref, ricn de
mon
211
marbres
esmoy;
la nature,
N'ignorela blessure,
seulement
Fors
Chastelard
for
doubtless,all the
was,
beingMary's
cruel tourment.
mon
remaininglink
one
welcome
with that
"
at
"
court,
"
joyeusete of
forever lost to
the Louvre
more
to
seems
"
been
more
very vehemence.
'
at
there
was
one
that time
"
passedall others
ing
In danc-
of the purpose
term
so
theythat dance,in which
talketh secretly;
wise men
would judge such
"
woman
more
to
and
man
fashions
women
in
"
this
scarcely
so
"
of ironical scorn,
gentleentreatment
Whether
say,
of
was
honest
adds with
fine snort,
enough;for
it was
the
stranger."
not
these
we
"
may
would
very littlelevity
better versed
"
than in the
go
in the wrath
long way
to
come
of the moment;
and it is probable
pleasure-fashions
that Mrs. Oliphantcomes
the truth when she says, commenting
near
this passage :
on
Dancing was in those days the most
decorous of performances:
but if Mary had been proved to have
"
THE
212
'
danced
FORUM
seul
statelypas
'
in
"
two."
Poor
Mary.
or
opinion as
was
Melville had
"
that
"
which
to
"
he said,
Mary
they danced differently.The Queen
danced not so high and disposedly
Elizabeth did." Elizabeth,
as
his mistress playedwell."
ably,
Reasontoo, had asked if
"
"
"
as
"
Knox
Though
answer.
onlookers
severe
doubtless
aggerated
ex-
and unjustly,
or
ignorantly,
Mary's levity,
put the
construction upon it,there seems
that her
worst
to be no question
entertainment
such as a man
of Chastelard was
wildlyin love
misunderstand
and presume
though, had
might too easily
upon,
"
"
his eyes been less drugged,he might have noted that,in her moods
him
such favors as she showed
of affectionate expansiveness,
lavished
indiscriminately
somewhat
were
her young
pages
of honor
a born
unquestionably
coquette, was
everyone
on
Mary,
was
admiration,and
been
too,
had
known
happy
un-
mindful
her,un-
her
at
forewarned
sufficiently
"
"
thrall,and he
cast.
treatment
pleasedher,
"
kissed the seastrange soft ways "; but he had
belle dame
merci " had him in
her eyes," "La
sans
againsther
witch
avid of
around
all who
alike.
Chastelard, who
of consequences.
the Court
on
of
was
What
a
determined
Knox
stranger
"
to
win all
or
lose all on
calls Mary's
sarcastically
had
"
one
perate
des-
gentleen-
in him that,
the
fullyarmed
with sword
and
AND
STUART
MARY
Mary
When
presence;
heard
THE
of
POET
it,she angrilyordered
apparentlyshe
but
his offence,for he
have
must
allowed
was
CHASTELARD
213
him
consented
from
her
overlook
to
to
Alas!
day,it removed from Holyrood to St. Andrews.
to have further misled the love-crazed
Mary's clemencyseems
he repeatedthe same
night,
egregious
poet, for,on the following
in the
to
be
have
matter
"
"
"
Grace,cause
Grace
me
not
'
to
me;
upon
your
fended
before,that ye have offamiliarly
if he shall be secretly
all your nobility;
and now
slain at
commandment, what shall the world judge of it? I
your own
shall bringhim to the presence of justice,
and let him suffer by
law according
to his deserving.'Oh,' said the queen,
ye will
let him speak?
I shall do,'said he, madam, what in
never
so
'
'
'
me
lieth to
save
"
Poor
Chatelet
February,
1562.
"
short.
This is Knox's
broughtback
was
Andrews,examined,put
of
'
honor.'
your
'
to
an
assize,and
from
so
account
of the
Kinghorn to
beheaded
St.
the 22nd
'
'
'
saw
and
that there
'
fession,
remedy but death,he made a godly conand granted that his declining
from the truth of God,
of vanityand impiety,
was
following
justlyrecompensed
was
no
THE
2i4
him.
upon
'
And
FORUM
that
ens,
concluded,lookingunto the heavcruelle dame ! that is, cruel mistress.'
'
complaintimported,lovers
with
'
divine."
may
Queen,
"
ward
re-
of his
should
not
from
Chastelard's
at
present
execution
seen
to
the
never
cease
Knox,
on
Most
she
lover
but
lovely,
now
cruel
so
who
"
killsme,
to
love."
So
as
also
Brantome, who
on
runs
had
most
Gordon's
same
shall
"
was
John
the second
"
notions,Mary
one
"
Adieu
I
orating
elabversion,slightly
was
present
the
at
found
at
for his
with
volume
of Ronsard
"
of
Coming
where
other
no
to
an
beautiful and
most
cruel
calmly offeringhis
to be
Years
to
in the
princess
neck
to
dispatchedwith the
after,when
Fotheringay,there
'
Mary
the
'
And
then,very
he allowed
executioner,
utmost
had
come
to
the block
words, and
"
"
at
recalled Chastelard's
last
self
him-
ease."
herself had
those who
were
world!
die.
sure.
cen-
had
oiumj
lvi/irvi
called
her
love
or
"
pity
no
still
life?
second
time, she
to
so,
well
as
it
as
consequences,
with
dignity and
it
been
the
admitted
of
possible
had
the
that
world.
that
have
to
pardoned
feel
but
law
the
speaks
Chastelard,
and
did
he
his
on
entirely compromised;
necessary
cannot
Z15
pity
no
she
Phaethon,
at
sense
proper
it
was
of
man
be
must
was
pardon,
one
played
had
have
honor,
Cji^n.i\iJ
had
how
would
the
as
she
first
There
said, had
had
^nnoi
But
her
her
save
its course."
sense,
Brantome
his
on
r\j"j"
it because
was
"
If, after
take
of
man
in.lL
last?
and
should
cruel
so
that
shown
him
i\iyu
with
dramatic
take
must
as
the
and
courage
effect the
sion
occa-
demanded.
There
those
were
will
believe, nay!
politicalmethod
was
with
name
time
enemies
in
Philip
her
as
whole
his
picture we
splendid folly.
loved
Mary
whose
his
place
glorious
so-called
hand, and
surely he
well, after
there
cuts
in the
on
his
his eyes
no
forbids
that; and
such
story."
love
that
he
with
their last
sorry
such
that
such
that
vanity
feel that
but
for
such
the
was,
upon
for
Mary,
that
long
volume
look
figure, after
the
but
of
her
man
Both-
throne.
Ronsard
seeking
all, and
but
rough-riding
coarse,
flamed
in-
have
shadow
mean
her
good
at
upon
willing to give
was
scaffold, with
her
undoubtedly
cannot
not
by
and
one
Queen
motives,
his
on
any
all,with
was
their
was
tragic escapade
possible, indeed,
of
not
can-
there
his
looked
Chastelard
him
wildly
so
as
one
fouling
to
was
worked
of
than
worse
Standing
11
get
kiss compares
well
and
passion
that
the
view
son
suspicion
surely no
who
his
and
upon
It is
said, what
believing,that
put
with
husband.
without
Chastelard's
hidden
affront
France,
of
madness,
Spain, whose
of
possible
may,
think
even
deliberate
enemies
Huguenot
not
in Chastelard's
indeed
hinted, and
who
in
his Queen,
deserves
his
CHILD
OF
BALLAD
G. Neihardt
John
thrilled the
YEARLY
Every June
Every
year
Reared
stock
rose
the wheatlands
golden brood:
of
World
the
wonder-child;
her
Bore
tree
mother-mood;
the
With
plum
Heard
prayingRachels,
reconciled !
and
"
Singingwhite-and-green,
11
mooning,
avails your
What
Can
fashion
you
plums?
"
"
"
See my
golden children
Marching as with
"
"
drums!
"
By a god begotten,"
Hymned the sunningvine,
Through my lyricchildren
"
flows !
Purple music
"
Singer,"breathed
"
Are
Have
bush,
daughters
any
Mighty
rose
divine?
they not
you
the
as
rose?
"
Cruel,cruel
Mine
are
words!
ghostly children,
Haunting all
the ways:
216
2i
FORUM
THE
"
vineyard,
sunning
the
Sang
Lo,
the
lyric
Sets
his
heart
Like
sap
a-throbbing
purple
grape
Mother
of
the
wheatlands,
Mother
of
the
plums,
Mother
of
the
Such
To
dreamer
the
as
comes
Mighty
as
Something
rose!
mesh!
fire
white
Spring-hope,
By
"
moon-glow,
in
Gathered
grows;
wheat-song,
glint,
and
glory
living
Mystic
Star-
vineyard,
loves
that
All
kiss
of
beguiled!
World-Joy
the
flesh!
Dreaming
into
Bird-song,
vine-thrill
Quickened
"
to
child!
THE
GARDEN
OF
BEING
RESURRECTION
THE
OF
AN
E.
UGLY
Temple
MAN
Thurston
BOOK
CHAPTER
VISION
fire.
IV
mind.
She
{Continued)
Clarissa
of
into my
STORY
LOVE
thanking me
formlessly
grew
gazed over
Dandy's head into the
There
there.
was
in the
of
course
I turned
head.
put it out of my
travels
our
to
had
we
her
was
of
little gown
of
it,leapingand dancing
dream ! I tried
silly
Moxon, askinghim if ever
been to Ballysheen. He
very
"Where
11
familiar
does it sound
Why
assumed
thought. I
the part of
Herculean
Prime
watched
him
wrought
up
Moxon
suddenly made
with keen
the
in
at
powers
of Moxon.
"
few
letters I
what
in
that attitude
if I
assume
I asked.
Minister
deep
is;but it
asked
were
to
play
an
swift
when
So much
it was
toward
movement
him, barkingloudly. It
I could
of emotion
After
Prime
pitchin fact,that
rushed
"
then?
me
world.
It impressed
advertising
felt that his mind was
working at a
a
good two minutes.
Dandy and I
Minister
It lasted
task.
to
of
should
fancyI
immensely.
me
to
cannot
attitude
the
the attitude I
Dandy
again.
his head
shook
He
was
"
In Ireland."
He
"
it,sir?
have
says much
made
some
we
were
all
and
over
my
desk,
hibition
ex-
reserved.
myself,but I am more
moments'
huntingabout among
ence
my correspondhave kept over
three years which I need
two
or
219
THE
220
to
refer
FORUM
to
silence,
gave it into my hands.
I opened it. Then, when
top of the note-paper, it all
Ballysheen.
Why, Townshend!
"
'
My
all our
and
we've
ever
Come
and
H.,"
A.
dear
flogthe
Rosary
"
"
letter, The
floods
shall have
We
are
week
hanging here
at once.
onlycome
"
all over
the best
rod tired of
for
water
The
me.
like a conjurerwho
dignity,
hair of a ladyin the audience.
the
ran
There's
to
the
on
with
stocked.
pools are
had.
back
stamped
said I.
the address
saw
came
Moxon
has
"
triumphof
"
season
for you.
Yours
F. H. Townshend."
"
"
"
That
April
two
"
years
ago," said I.
I have
forgottenBallysheen
and I
to Algiers,
You
Of
the 18th of
was
I had
course
if I had?
not
That
Should
gone.
the time
was
went
we
glanced at Dandy.
"
You
down
Good
"
Good
My
it was
and
pulledout
years
My
ago,
may
years ago,
I made
"
come
up my
Are there
two
to
dippedmy
say
I sat
happened on
force your
to
so.
fishingis anythinglike
a
change and I
in the ink.
pen
and hold
over
mind
old maiden
If the
when
accordingly,
"
I want
doctor tellsme
I, and therewith
F. H.," I wrote,
believe him;
two
said
bed, Moxon,"
to
night,sir."
night,"I answered, and
dear
two
honor?
to
desk
at my
"
"
go
can
rod in your
am
your
beginning
letter of
If
hospitality.
Yours, A. H. Bellairs.
"
ladies in
of
Ballysheen
the
name
any
man
of Fennell?"
When
guess
I had
from
that innocent
littlepostscript,
the mad
errand
I had
such
are
why women
form of letter writing.
past-masters in the use of that particular
there is nothingto touch it. What
of diplomacy,
As a method
have no possiblesignificance
to the
can
you say in a postscript
it a matter
of dignity
who reads it. Were
alone, no one
man
in
contemplation?I
would admit
to
think I know
themselves
that you
now
had
treated them
with such
No
courtesy.
scant
in my letter,and
I came
When
at
on
that
"
the
to
leapingantics of the
hearthrugand put one
the
the
"You
can
blinked
Dandy
"
that
see
Dandy
flame.
canary-colored
there
fire,
"
was
round
arm
satin gown,
his eyes.
"
bright spot
one
I sealed it up.
therewith
back
the
was
postscript
And
down
sat
his neck.
too,
do
stillstaring
think
you
said
you?"
can
she'll be
I.
ful?
grate-
is
reallyimagine that any woman
It will break
to a rank outsider for breakingher heart?
grateful
She's breaking it now,
her heart,you know.
longing for her
blue skies and her palm trees
but if we
send her back there
without him, it'llbreak her heart altogether.Yet that's what
shall have to do.
We
shall have to send her back again.
we
I
went
on.
Do
you
"
What
do you
think about
"
it all?
days later
There's
not
all the
same,
come
there
came
fish in the
never
you
reply from
Ballysheen.
water," wrote
Townshend.
know.
company
Your
is
"
But
good
as
"
What, is he
twenty-pounderin the slackest of seasons."
too?
I thought.
There
Miss Fennells here," the
lonely,
are
as
any
"
"
ladies
"
Miss
Teresa
wears
an
from
And
them
"
but
as
old
orange-coloredwig,
so
have
at
you
I don't
know
that
promise you
tertainment
en-
anyway."
come
in the wind.
CHAPTER
When
I woke
up this
"
THE
222
"
between
gap
should
the dense
trees
"
the horse's
"
reach.
never
where
to
pass
to
be
ted
long,lone,rutfrom the bridge
I asked
lonelyas this over here?
dreamilybefore him, as though in
set
were
eyes
Those
we
there
was
tunnel
villageof Ballysheen.
wee
Is it alwaysas
whose
soul did
into the
entrance
an
Not
empty.
were
the Blackwater
over
hope
found in it as
roads
FORUM
he
ears
there
Are
visions of
saw
never
of Quin,
the little
country
peopleabout
any
we
the
on
"
roads?
With
"
"
wherefore
"
Ah
them
I said
"
clouds
coming
up
there
over
from
yet !
"
"
God!
But, my
see
"
said I.
"
Wait
"
while,"he replied,
equably, it will,"and he put
That
Here
D'ye
ut?
to
"
of
fatality. Ye see
'tisalways wet when theybe
tone
"
wan!
"
the west,
to
there.
much.
as
was
first,
my
my
it.
to prove
very
not
was
first,impressionof Ireland.
cloud in the
sky,the
sun
was
poured down
Ireland who
I think
women.
journeybefore
stand
deluge. And they would underand
nation of light-hearted
men
veritable
talk of
we
driven three
have
must
I said another
word
miles of
more
after that.
our
Speakingtruth,
and
the grayness of it,the endlessness of those walls of mud
sightof a roofless cottage, the very soul of its
stone, the passing
close about
I could
see
in
me
was
her
dead
a
all
bined
com-
spair,
dull,impenetrabledespair. De-
not
of my
gazingforth
own.
from
was
thinkingof
the window
of her
prison,with
those
dark, Southern
mind
set
felt
"
was
very
those
were
who
aunts
that obstacle
not
face.
to
to
It
only,but
then I turned
was
my
of Heaven,
name
hugs
to
once
Quin.
to
more
maiden
two
in the
How,
And
wonder
the sudden
came
woman
cried,upon
Banshee
surprise.
no
thought of her
I to help her?
from
Then
which, had
of
out
of
eyes
"Who
the Miss
are
who
Fennells
Ballysheen?" I
live in
asked.
"
Is it Miss
"
Are
11
There
there others?
havin' thim
to go
was
are
"
inquired.
he, 'tisenough
"
drive thim
I wouldn't
on
sister,
livingat Janemount?
"
not," said
two.
down
for
this
on
to be
village
carr, not if they
one
not?"
"Why
'
and her
Mary
Faith,they'dowe
for the
me
job of
for the
ut
rest
of their
lives."
"
"
Are
ut."
"
Is it a crime
'
can
to
It is not," said
be ashamed
To
meet
be poor,
he;
"
then?
and
I asked.
of others who
fatalism
"
to
ye
are."
philosophyall
in
one
day!
I had
not
done
has
the
our
as
much
in London
in
year.
But in
Ireland,if Nature
not
giftof fatalism
It
this
too.
laughingin
at my
THE
224
down
went
into the
garden. There
his
visiting
me,
FORUM
with
trees
rose
Townshend
was
fore
alreadybepruningknife in his
open
an
hand.
"
He
"
"
thought March
began.
laughed.
You're
all the
of the year
rest
I stole
"
quiteright,"said he.
March
for
pruning
"
but
for love."
was
he
Had
the
really
got
of it
secret
circle of contentment?
in
they are
If in the
breath.
One
sailable
Dandy'sunas-
breath
next
in the next
Now,
gone.
had he found
"
they are
breath, the
answered,
not
of
name
Dandy
into my
"
"
"
would
expect?
you
I shook
"
Out
"
In the
"
My
on
I stared
him.
at
name
wife.
of exuberant
For
Why?
head.
my
My
of Bellwattle.
for
me.
can
tell you.
What
made
way
to
That
at
least was
Cruikshank
swung
They
up
is
pliment
comname
than I
more
and Bellwattle.
It
seems
in
some
in return
for what
Nature
has
to
stow
be-
them.
Bellwattle.
She
Cruikshank.
as
suggestedby her
me
moment
addressed
herself."
She hasn't the faintest conception
So I call them
odd
day, she
reason.
In
name
one
spirits
no
"
that?
until the
Dandy, seeingme
the
was
had
walked
four miles.
night before
that my
host
was
married; yet
as
THE
226
The
maid
in and
came
porridge! Such
"
"
it
and
I
mere,
to
let
not
for years
eaten
For
years.
to
self.
my-
to take
manners
I looked
through breakfast,Cruikshank
What
me
say
way
He
and
me
Half
"
I had
am
window
up.
as
now
FORUM
suddenlylooked
at me.
"
Fennells?
was
of the
out
up
is
said he.
stant
I felt confusion in my cheeks. The barest init lasted,and then was
gone;
yet in that very instant Bellmoment
warned
are
presupposedconfusion in both
her eyes were
readyto
were
That
"
Of
course
babe,
helpless
said
me,"
for when
began again.
he
answer,
swear
"
he.
When
you
"
I wanted
postscript
in the
and
to
here."
an
your
chickens
the
"
that.
at
the farm, I
suppose?"
me
"
leave it
to
What
he
keep them
was
the garden,"
up
The
thought of
her.
failed,
as they often did with her.
Words
arded.
I haz-
"
"
overwhelmed
allowed
from
come
said Bellwattle.
"
to
fused,
con-
was
That's it."
"All
them
face
my
wrote
I know
"
theylived
I made
"
wherefore, while I
"
if
know
us,
second for my
letter you
asked
"
of
ignorantof it as
as
eyes
had
abruptnessof her husband's question
of it. The
Cruikshank
"
seen
"
has instinct
woman
next
it you
asked.
wanted
His
She
mind
to
find
had
out
about
begged
shook
to
be,
his head.
nells?"
Fen-
the Miss
clung tenaciouslyto
its
subject.
"
heard
mentioned."
to
know
if
they lived
here.
I had
"
"
They
live
at
VI
CHAPTER
In
an
I find it necessary
been that
that Bellwattle
breakfast.
in her
child of Nature
of
over,
more-
at
say; but
it,of that I
am
have instinctalive
her
finger-tips.
Doubtless,she imaginesI
to
ever
confusion
my
about
she is must
as
know,
to
impossible
be
her mind
up
counsel.
own
me.
of
already curious
is
made
finally
certain. Such
easy prey in
an
What
keep one's
to
myselfin
to warn
have found
women
Bellwattle.
after breakfast."
it to you
I'llshow
227
Janemount," said
called
house
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
doubt,she believes
think
to
be in
to
woman
women
nearer
and,therefore,
nothingthat
Without
in love.
am
some
the shadow
concerned.
way
simply
more
elementally,
more
There
lonelyman
can
sex.
And
woman
it is damnable
will
to
is
trace
have
to
admit
mind
is forever
working
in
with Bellwattle.
As
I left them
after breakfast
in the
shank
morning-room,Cruiksaid to me,
You know, I'm glad you thoughtof coming
for the fishing.From
over
lieve
somethingI heard yesterdayI bewe're goingto have some
fish up the stream
after all."
I echoed most
that I was
heartily
glad of it,and I left the
But outside the door I stopped. There was
room.
broad
a
passage leadingdown to the hall door which stood wide open,
and througha break in the trees, where stretched in the distance
"
sea
of
I stopped to watch
fishing-boat.
sail of
its wings in
it,flapping
Kerry
an
idle
THE
228
like
breeze
FORUM
tortoise-shellbutterfly
in
"
I like him
meadow.
green
I
departedaltogether,
Then,
heard
Bell-
I
much," said she, for which silently
thanked her from the bottom of my heart.
But," she added,
very
"
"
what
pityhe's
Now,
knew
ugly."
so
mystery of
some
do.
To
It is far
I walked
that.
neatlywritten
at
me
follow from
not
in her mind
once
give it words
to
were
with the
sand
tangleit a thou-
garden, wandering
there
Everywhere
were
on,
that.
into the
out
this how
efit
for the benleave it unexplained
must
daintyfor
too
then
on
path, down
woman,
of those who
times.
connected
do
this
up
those
little sticks,
seeds
were
in the
earth.
And
then it suddenlyoccurred
all humanityclingto
dearlydoes
buried,it is not
mark
with
so
of
tinyslips
wood
to
while; hidden,only to
the
"
rush
into my
There
are
The
as
would
to
of
body
say
own,
layitin the
come
Then, when
earth
the
sun
has
ness.
happi-
came
with
Blue
Bird,
that,there
it all.
Through
seed.
CHAPTER
life it
ripens,
the hand
flower
you
of God
again.
.
VII
tucked in between
of those littlevillages,
is one
Ballysheen
saw
that it may
more
as
for his
in Maeterlinck's
once
lie
for
life is hidden
mark
holds
there is no
the dead
with such
wThich,
will plant
his garden, a man
the words
man
Acre
In that littleacre
no
"
mind
how
in God's
placeswhere
strange it was,
life;for whereas
out
man.
how
to me
is
one
street
"
so
pink-washedcottages,all one
called
"
lined with
storey in
those white
which
height,
are
or
peculiar
to
that
OF
GARDEN
THE
For the
of the world.
corner
RESURRECTION
most
229
theyare occupied
baker, there,Foley
part
the
the
fice
edithe two-storeyed
distinction by its proportions,
all,achieving
Cruikshank
the
lives in
cluster round
house
hidden
away
in
nest
of
Janemount,on
trees
that
the other
Apart
there
littleramblingpath.
then
from
the Roman
are
and the
court
ter
house, the lat-
used
Shure,what in the
theysaid.
But
the
no
"
If
one
sinse."
they'dhad
yet who
of God
the sinse to
has
Sense in fact
do
we
want
pierfor?
"
'
THE
230
One
FORUM
of heart would
ounce
bushel load of
Is
woman!
And
sense.
that
not
do
more
the
one
the
ever
man
walked
able
absorb
it
nothing whatever
It is
dischargeda duty in
the Miss
all,to realize
at
minutes
Fennells'
the
as
house, I
was
same
about it.
the
made
as
it,lost it to
poorly.
to
whole
way?
describingit,however
we
that
ever
leading to
guishableto
Let's
that
cliff,
but
me,
we
the
saw
Bellwattle knew
figureof
have
him
at
road with
a
been
man
proaching
ap-
undistin-
once.
"
turn
the church
connects
At
us.
"
the
lane which
she.
I asked
"
Here
he
Directly
introduced.
"
As
you
her
why.
sees
I'm with
He'll force
bore
"
I heard
us,
no
about
more
terrible bore.
most
he'llwant
stranger
"
I was
disappointed.
was
I added.
"
to
be
there.
me
"
come
to
He's
a
"
us
only chance.
Is Pepper with him?
"
visitor
like,"said I,but I
anybody could
that
Ffrench.
General
comes
It
What
was
of
sort
not
dog is that
sure
my
said she.
is Pepper
"
said I.
"
justtold
She
turningback.
me
to
As we
decreased the distance between
along and I went.
of his ears.
Dandy began a-pricking
I pointedto him as his tail set erect.
"
I don't expect
we
She
"
I shook
my
This
head.
brood
her
or
insects are
of chickens.
the first I
to
was
Where
like
Cruikshank
and
tellsme
winced
that when
at
every
wattle
of Bell-
see
fussiness.
of maternal
in her moments
birds
was
any
a
mals,
ani-
hen with
firsthe took
animal
in the
VJ
on
for
A\.
"
"
she
Whenever
streets.
sore
JL
'
'
V-'
You
"
I can't
"
I suppose
mustn't
look
-1.X
/l"^
*_/
X\JLJ
"_"
whose
horse
saw
"
JL
JU
V^
J.
chafed
harness
clutched his
lipand
JL
arm.
at
"
the littleincident
"
If
"
who
told
"
men," said I.
"
Ffrench?
asked,as
walked
we
"
regimentsdid he command?
said she.
Oh
he was
only a Surgeon-General,"
Then
why not give him his proper title?
of us has the courage, besides you forgetthe
Not one
that we
whatever-you-call-it
get out of it. It's not only
along to
"
that of
is this General
him.
he
me.
one
And
to
suffer,"he concluded,as
must
women
meet
What
"
"
"
"
"
the
unhappy
I bent my
in her eye.
"
Am
"
if
head
couldn't say
we
in
want
we
to
call him.
General
"
Ffrench."
comprehension,justcatchingthe
And
should
We
to
me
about
more
him, how
"
twinkle
I asked.
he lived with
his widowed
income
sister,
combininghis pensionwith the fragile
her husband had left to her; how she,too, cultivated a garden,
but
whose
"
"
"
do you
I nodded
Languagewas
use
what
"
does
word
matter
one
way
or
when
in
conscupiously
front of her.
preciousthingonce
another?
how
to
In
the
it.
'
Which
she holds
and
door, and
so
on.
She
to
comes
the back
the flowers.
comes
'
basket
These
the hand
are
of
vegetables,
peas
when it is opened
from Mrs. Quig-
23
THE
"
Therefore
FORUM
the flowers,"said I
taken
having
"Well
had
But
have
Cruikshank
grows."
the
grows
most
said I.
She looked
at me
of the
out
habit,always fearingthat
she
ever
word
were
And
not
that
only,but
The
next
her
in
the
hope to regainher
to
what
us.
you
head, he
If
of
use
confidence then?
forgive,where
should
would
left for
there be
that
be?
we
women
Ffrench
raised his
bearing down
was
hat,in much
the
upon
fashion
same
as
came
weather
General
moment,
Already he had
to
is her
do?
to
no
unable
women
misled
have
"
eye, which
one
one
conspicuouslycan
"
But
finds that
of
corner
Bellwattle knew
me.
eye upon
her
There
man.
was
of my
"
"
both
"
say,
eye, I
her
saw
this is
troducin
formallyin-
Dandy,"
they
and
was
saying
It sounded to me
quiet eh after London."
I find mylike comparing Chicago to an oasis in the desert.
self,"
he went
that it'stoo quietsometimes
justa bit too
on,
that's what
eh
quiet. I like the hum of the traffic the hum
to me,
bit too
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
it
was
like when
in London
was
"
thirtyyears
ago
"
sounded
justlike a hum."
"
"
Well
"
that,"said I.
I'm not surprised.I
go
to
Dublin
myself
wagging. It's a
Mrs. Quigley you
change after this. I alwayssay to my sister,
I alwayssay to her that the danger
down and see us
must
come
occasionallyjust to
"
how
see
the
world's
"
"
THE
234
FORUM
And
real.
these
now
costumes
made
into
Bellwattle
and
reality,
been
have
must
truly
never
out
set
ever
I think
mere
it had
in
prim figures,
two
the dream
turned
I had
it all until
dreamed
describe,the
true, had
why
I knew
I had
story. But
to
canary-
satin.
colored
been
out
me
gant
extrava-
too
began a-wondering
all.
at
for suddenly
watchingme,
she said
"
"
my
Would
rather
you
How
do
mind
before my
had
she
them?
to
these
know
women
taken
"
it from
spoken, it would
not
should have
we
preferrednot
to
have
been
conscious
idea.
them
to
that
"
them."
meet
Whereupon, in
stage in my
to
Miss
erratic
journey. I
introduced
was
the second
made
was
in all
solemnity
Fennell.
distressing
fact,when
there
moment,
Mary
It is
the next
come
you
describe
to
woman,
to
net
The bonunless you can trim them.
but little but little,
then which was
worn
by Miss Mary, the hat by Miss Teresa,
mean
"
remain
must
beyond me.
to
mind
as
Mary
was
my
Miss
without
can
I noticed them
"
the
gentleconcession of years
is hope left in a hat, even
to
Teresa.
There
the mind
of the head
that
beneath
it. God
wears
bonnet;
no
if it
alone
I
man,
only exists in
tell what
can
could
swear,
ever
know.
The
Miss
Miss
Teresa
allusions
to
age
at
of
which
describe
ruddy brown
a
woman
is
themselves.
hair,her discreet
at
her
best, her
littlememories
pathetic
she
be
cannot
these
notwithstanding
thirty-seven,
than
more
eludes
Miss Teresa
characteristics,
the
Miss
describe
more
to Clarissa,and
cruelty
It is as well then
all-comprehensive
eye
met
them.
in my
I any
can
from
leave it alone.
I
judge.
can
I think of their
way.
judge them
can
to
and
other
no
point.
stand-
was
It
her
her
was
is your
"
Teresa
Much
"
are
have
Poor
child
Is the doctor
"
Well
and
languid reply
With
"
house?
proper
pathy,
sym-
said I.
"
indeed," repliedshe.
in
directly
With
here is
"
her
are
way
She's after
not.
'tishis instructions
In what
that
now
"
weak?
eyes
seeinga doctor
she's following."
her face.
intention
women
are
depreciatehuman
nature, I say
liars,and with one strikingdifference
Women
are
successful.
no
world, Miss
nephew
that.
at
attendingher?
the doctor
"
in London
and
the
Mary.
have
we
"
Teresa
weak."
very
men
let it go
to
invalid in your
an
"
Miss
inquiredof Miss
You
"
the
content
not
to
say
"
invalid
about
was
Bellwattle
to-day?
alert,but
hearing was
my
did not satisfy
me.
moment
of Miss
Miss
to
How
In
I listened
as
to
"
was
to
Mary told
engaged to
be confined
to
be married.
the house
tended
With
of this
me
to
Neither
me.
vious
ob-
Mary.
to
that
go to prove
the
With
"
the
most
Clarissa's ailment
well," it is
How
not
to
tween.
be-
in the
ease
lovelychild
in semi-darkness.
her
utmost
all
whom
her
dexterous
compelled her
lovinglythey
difficultfor you
suppose,"said she.
"
bad
It is not," said I.
for her
to
have
no
"
But
surely,"I added,
exercise."
"
it
must
be
THE
236
Oh
out
there
"
justfor
"
were
a
"
The
to
FORUM
in London
doctor
had
stand the
not
light.
What, lightat night? said I.
"
"
Miss Teresa
touched Miss
"Have
you
Mary's arm.
There
was
no
and
Do
want
you
"
them?
"
left alone
were
"
to
might
She nodded
I knew
to
be.
out
In
littleplotof land
was
house
were
no
of
it must
Ballysheen.The
be like
stared and
lookingout
was
the
the walls.
upon
imaginedit
I had
the cliff's
edge it stood,looking
on
what
cage
on
was
sun
lightless
day.
stoopingin
windows
on.
lonelybay
I knew
to
"
justthe
justthe prison,
then,but
shining
witches
walked
we
There
doesn't it?
cliffs,
and
was
across
water
you'vemet
"
that
It
grew
destination.
our
they live,now
where
see
well go
as
me.
pursuitof
she asked.
We
to
the
to
to
not
It
blue.
gather simples. No
creeper
was
stared
Even
sea.
to
grass
They
as
with that
sun
the
sky,the
must
stillbe
in
burning,
living,
burning in the eyes of that littleprisonerbehind those
walls,and with an effort I kept my exclamation to myself.
"Shall
I
we
go
on?"
said Bellwattle.
but justas
acquiesced,
the curtains in
an
upper
we
about
were
window
move.
to
For
turn
away,
one
I saw,
instant
they
with itspaleness
pulledaside and a face that surprised
me
peeped out.
I stopped,waitingto see more,
hoping that I should really
were
behold
togetheragain,I turned
watchingme.
to
look
at
found
her
i tin,
u/iJ\ur,r\
kjv
kjidukkii^i
CHAPTER
iuin
237
VIII
hedge of
best to formulate a plan of
nut trees this afternoon and did my
the ground before me, staringup into
action. Dandy sat on
thinking
deeplyand, though he would
my face. He knew I was
that he was
for the world, I saw
not have disturbed me
offering
garden,I
me
while I
speak aloud
"
This
let my
shank
attention
comes
eyes wander
up
Cruik-
garden to where
the
was
He
no
said I, whereupon
concentration,"
strenuous
requires
began to
the
under
out
sat
firstinto my head.
There
it then.
I refuse his offer. I accepted
whatever
are
of the
the bottom
At
proper
have
reason
in
woman
for him.
name
been
For
called Eve.
garden and, so
Cruikshank
Adam.
far
They
I
as
are
might with
just a man
know, there is no
is
ter
betand
within
tree
touch.
not
garden of
Eden
It
been
like this.
As I looked
me
that I
reminding
was
was
concentration.
mind
to
I know
so
well the
are
an
"what's
effort,
we
meet
her
on
the cliffsat
There
escort.
Now
interfere when
up
to
night,there
of
makes
set
of
prettiest
be done?
His
mind
to
alone,
to
as
sure
ears.
of it. So
tune
definite contemplation,
it playsthe
some
fanciesin my
we
It
That
concentration go with the wind.
letting
of
alwayssprings
up when I attempt anythingin the nature
wind
my
the God
break
of
"
eyes
"
what
of
possibility
righthave
Circumstances
heart?
God
the Miss
Thousand
woman's
is no
"
all
are
tains.
cur-
"
Thousand
cumstance
Cir-
THE
23 8
fore and
could.
nut
to
that
on
There
answered
questionas
my
best he
sudden
trees, whereat
The
instant
next
after him.
was
catches them.
never
he
score
was
the sound.
FORUM
For
objection.He
rushes wildlyin many
I made
few minutes he
of the
out
no
ever
thingsthat have nothing whatto do with it,and behaves generally
a
as
though life were
force.
whirlwind, of which he is the centre and all-important
directions,
digs up innumerable
After
that, he
down
"
says
back
comes
quietlyonce
to
more
"
I don't often
I got very near.
too clever for him; that's how
really
miss them
he got
like that.
was
away."
Then
scarlet tongue
lips. It
alwaysdoes;
he licks his
and
out
comes
he did get. He
how near
to me
conclusively
is why I raise no objections.
It puts him in excellent mood,
proves
that
and, I imagine,has
qualitynever
back
came
So
the God
It
and told
teachingthe
that fitness is
rat
this world.
Then Dandy
quiteover.
all about it,rightthrough,without any
of the lips.
licking
to
me
the
truck with
that's your answer," said I. " Have
no
of Circumstance.
Follow the God of Chance."
the best advice he could have
was
makes
of
way
on
variation,
even
"
despisedin
be
to
I waited
no
ting
sit-
and
me,
of
man
in
sense
one.
I had
set
forth upon
Adventure
given me.
and there
mine
to
come
was
at
passage
journey. Here
this child,friendless,
of two gaolersin whose
at the mercy
was
wherewith to keep her
all the bolts of prejudice
were
possession
locked away.
There was
no
appealingto the kindlier nature of
the two Miss Fennells. There was
them the truth of
telling
no
with
arms
that
to
in the
difficulty
nephew
prove
to
on
whom
to
hopes
fortress,ready
help, ready
relentless consequences
to prove
all their
firststage of the
centred.
were
this littleprisoner
that she had
very
to
save
her
was
how
side
waitingout-
from
to
friend
Then
herself and
about
friend
at
to
all?
all the
take?
Would
How
she
Would
believe it?
she
the
knowledge of
all.
at
women
to
her," I
nightson
"
went
on.
the cliffs
giveher
"
Contrive
the
tellher
"
Not
lost
or
won
plainknowledgenever
said I,and Dandy looked up with a vast
into my face. He entirely
agreed with
utter
an
she loved?
man
But
write
239
of
ever
againstthe promisesof
"
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
an
"
there.
her
make
letter,
any
yet,"
appreciation
of
meet
to
if I had
adventure
amount
me
stranger
We
must
of these
one
effort to
some
everything tellher
"
to
see
go back
bury those
black grave cloths,
the garments of a civilized community,and
more."
satin once
of canary-colored
take out her gown
Having made up our minds to this,we went into the house
and began the inditing
of a letter to Clarissa. It was
at this
pointthat Dandy lost interest. He will giveme the full of his
attention so long as I talk to him; but it is more
than he can
of it on
stand when I take up a pen and, except for the scratching
the paper, sitin silence at my table. The sound of scratching,
to
beginwith, annoys him; then, again,althoughhe has tried,he
to
understand
cannot
he wanders
sunshine
her
of what
word
one
where
she
I write.
these
On
sions,
occa-
coming back at
intervalsto my chair to try and catch my eye. Failingmany
times in this,
he at last throws himself in despair
the hearthrug
upon
he daywhere,lyingwith his nose between his two fore-paws,
dreams
dreams of past adventures in which he figures
the
as
hero,and I, if indeed I appear in them at all,am justa super
over-crowded stage. He behaved no differently
an
on
this morning,
except that as I sat down and dippedmy pen in the ink,he
round
aimlessly
the
can
room,
"
yawned. He
wrote
my
1
had
never
letter. Here
Clarissa,
"
something.Can
is what
I know
seen
you
your
him
you
meet
can
bad.
not
are
eyes
to
notice.
no
I said :
in London
manage
I took
and
me
one
arrange
I know
want
to
tell you
eveninground
it. I
must
all
see
the
you
alone."
I did
to
not
signit
be delivered at
because
all,it must
I had
determined
be with my
It had all the difficulties
attached to it
own
as
that if it
hands.
I remember
were
But how ?
having
THE
24o
experiencedwhen
went
girls. It was
theyheld
be
Again
I looked
from
true.
how
smile.
tore
She smiled
and
also
where
we
neighboringschool of
should catch my
eye.
glances continued,till at
I could
at me.
hardlybelieve
hymn-book that
my
church
At
of them
one
those
Sunday
to
school.
at
attended
fortune that
my
Sunday
boy
was
Sunday,there
every
From
FORUM
Then
last
itto
ber
remem-
containingthe
page
hymn:
"
Can
Cease
woman's
toward
Yes_,she
Yet
it her
the
care
child she
bare?
be^
forgetful
may
will I remember
in the fulness of my
And
tender
thee."
it to convey
heart,believing
I could
ever
have
all my
timents
sen-
expressedthem
self,
my-
I have never
the very first opportunity.But how?
found out to this day. Shall I ever
find out the way
to give
this letter to Clarissa?
at
CHAPTER
comedy
little
garden
"
in
was
garden. I
our
IX
here in the
played here yesterday,
call it ours
for,as the days go by in
enacted,nor
should
there.
present when
not
was
of the cliffswhere
the
it had
deed
in-
I been
wheeling,forever wheeling,up
gullswere
againstthe wind.
told
Cruikshank
it appears,
so
much
in the
for
us
about
He
was
garden
gardener
it afterwards.
"
to
be
doing
at
working,
There
is
FORUM
THE
242
bed-chamber.
He
it were,
as
moves,
memory
with him.
was
He
He's
when
old.
But he knows
My
own
are
infinite. No
father is one
But
men
father and
my
To
be
gentleman one
that
mattered
Ffrench
had
For
from
how
all
pointto
entirely
by his own
who
"
were
they
the old
move
He
me.
men
out
was
pursue.
besides all
And
to
It
fore,
where-
see;
the other, he
the
to
even
there
began
He
to
have
must
conceive the
can
sort
of
been
help
ever,
brought it at last,howspoke of the forcingof
spoke quiteeloquently,
strain of
gardener, my
my
constrained
was
It
know.
not
give him.
I felt,"said Cruikshank
coming."
such
foot
I do
exertions.
us, but
said which
household, was
one
subjecthe desired. He
plantsand then the forcingof fruits. He
that he
find
he wanted
reallywhom
another
would
told
With
to
his victim.
was
the
Cruikshank
am
score.
one
to
me.
given careful
be
to
garrulous old
long he dragged
that Cruikshank
wasting time
waste.
power
no
journeyto
his positionfrom
altering
again on another
or
well.
so
out,
was
was,
the
step upon
Cruikshank
the type
for
time I
end
an
beings,young
resources
own
the
round
of others.
war-path which
that,it was
make
could be said of
same
General
where
to
hearing that I
His
told,then, that I
as
in
day
least it is my
time
precious
instructions
upon
at
talk
to
I know
differently.
the
doubt
have
his
up
nothingof human
of them.
lazy devil.
the
justcame
"
hoped
waste
matter.
as
"
can
we
cliffswith my wife."
Doubtless Cruikshank
of the
it.
appreciate
he, overjoyedto find that
said
well.
was
in Dublin
up
"
with
nervousness
in all
comptrollerof the
notice.
to us
"
afterwards,
as
if
something
He
was
of his side
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
243
ripetomatoes.
"
said he;
Well, you don't believe in forcing,"
think of these?
you
Quite
"
"
be able
them
to eat
Now, there
in less than
was
in one
vegetables
tomatoes
them?
week."
insinuation about all this,far
hand
and
giftof
Those
were
from
of
delicacy
delicate and
more
her?
Was
Was
he
then and
to
there?
What, in the
of
name
Heaven,
he
was
do?
Cruikshank
is no
stood,so he told
then he
as
quickly
was
full of tomatoes,
as
just
much
at
for words.
seem
have
was
as
at
"
They
pityto
hand
us,
very
he could.
lot into
the whole
ripe?
why did you pickthem before they were
Oh, they'll
ripen,"said he, easily; you put them in a
You'll
catch the sun.
in the window where they'll
room
warm
he handed
And
do
littlegreen-house.
But
"
to
our
but what
hands.
Cruikshank's
"
of them."
number
forced these in
We
"
gentleman was
step backwards.
He
even
far
went
too
so
wary
far
as
for that.
to
He
took
"
"
"
THE
244
'
much
How
he had
told
us
did you
He'd
said
payment."
I picked up
was
as
gift. I
What
"
glad
you
run
asked,when
we
didn't
him
give
Is he
'
give him
poor
"
that you
anything. Now
that?
as
"
days."
I expect that's
You've
"
But
was
called
"
'
saved
"
it,then," said I.
"
I'm
very
the
he can't shoot
I asked.
Cruikshank.
"
studyhuman
don't
field."
"
the table.
lyingon
was
bullet.
in Power's
as
that
that
on
stillmore
tomatoes
thing.
any-
suppose
didn't
rabbits down
"
as
was
He's
of the
He
nature.
one
hard
as
"
he
"I
Cruikshank.
brought them
It would
score.
up
"
them?
out
It
far.
so
God!"
"My
FORUM
round
arm
"
He's
haven't," he replied.
"
out
run
save
of
ridges."
cart-
neck.
Cruikshank's
twelve littlebunny
him
I've known
rabbits,"said she.
can
it
see
When
now.
'
purse.
"
And
lent it to him!
you
Cruikshank
"
You'd
nodded
"
cried Bellwattle.
his head.
better count
that
given,"said
I.
"
It
was
the
price
of the tomatoes."
CHAPTER
Clarissa
has got my
it myself. I have
passedthat
ago
I would
letter!
met
But that is
not
ered
all. I deliv-
third stage in my
not
or
so
I said
GARDEN
THE
her
to
OF
RESURRECTION
"
to
245
it is the beginning.
Yet
me.
I find myselfgazing
She stillhas my letter to read.
into distances which I never
knew of, seekingfor the answer
she will
It
give.
the
matter
the
more
she
about much
came
of that.
confident
speak
The
more
and
never
hope
word
that is because
to
depthsin
be
Whether
of that.
quitesure
know
that be the
the
He
actor
ever
sibly
Pos-
be.
may
gardeners. There
I have
may
fathomed.
never
I
Bellwattle guesses.
times I have been so eager
no,
I have
guessingthat
am
to
told her
well-nigh
sudden timidity
a
less. It is more.
Three
in
which
is he
on
caughtitback.
is no
thousand
of her
nature
or
Yet
himself?
of these
mind
case
more
on
told him.
nature
Cruikshank's
not.
me
she has
the
know
not
I think
Somehow
works
to
enough to keep it so stubbornly
I do
Cruikshank
remote.
says
the
more
expected;
longer I keep my
The
too, for
easily,
secret to myself,
I had
husband, I wonder?
days go by.
and
And
am
her
to
as
out
made
movement
11
came
from
each
a
sion
occa-
sign of
"
it was
So
her.
at
say in the
"What
Oh
I knew
she
lookingat
was
me.
dark."
look
not
"
to
see
that
Tierneyis our
she
invalid,"
not
invalid
an
went
at
"
on;
they
all."
asked.
of stories.
town-councillor
"
"
as
town-councillor
he
the contract
giveshimself
partlyputs
that she
me
FORUM
THE
246
"
them
ought
black from
was
know
how
to
words
as
plumber he
him.
meet
the West
that?"
and
them,
to
see
right. You
did he
How
to
he
But
told
Indies."
I asked,
the
and
quickly,
next
moment
saw
my
must
"
"
"
who
there be any
nothing,can
say
at
the truth?
"
But what
extravagant
as
as
Fennells have
America, and if
no
you'vegot enough
far
the West
Indies?"
in
make
to
what
pressive
ex-
comes
always
wears
I shouldn't be
Tierney says.
justas
more
is
you
one
anythingso
I asked.
in its way,
shrugging one's shoulders.
and
Tierney suppose
eyebrows,which,
from
friend
your
black from
raised her
She
"
makes
bit
I don't believe
you,
find
to
surprised
That
beautiful.
I
dim
that type
picturewhich
into my
with
Her
takes
its net
eyes
and
and
caged
clear
for it.
time
creeps in
outline.
has
olive
an
that
suns
grasp,
moulds
her
of
He
skin,so
ivory might
a
lipsto His
own
"
though it once
had
caught a
the
it.
match
stances
Circum-
drops of
making.
see
tenderly
Thousand
for nothing,
I thank him
knows
the God
in His
woman
lightof brown
More
me.
southern
Then
see
in her
sorrow
She
mouth
word
for that.
those
she is
thoughts,there
of
description
touched
man's
know
eludes all
deep dark
unless it be
quite. I
not
that young
I have
because
vision of
but
me;
name
with it
a
Not
her beautiful,as
see
the
nearlydrew
very
sun
can
ray
in
it there forever.
I shall know
vision than
her
no
of Clarissa denies
this,the picture
better
when
see
her
face than
alreadynow;
her
know
when
firstmoment
I shall
OF
GARDEN
THE
her.
see
Is it from
I
such
face
not
to
of his
being,and
see
dread
is not
that
me.
take advice?
women
listen to me,
times
Somenever
go
was
there will be
stilldeeper sorrow,
trouble than
It
think of that
her sunny
the heart of that underworld
back
to
maid's eyes, in
into my mind
quickly
well,comes
as
I that
as
men
am
247
The
and I know
me
removes
another woman's
many
somethingdreads
yet
she
RESURRECTION
temptationthen
sore
Clarissa
I knew
be.
to
to
bringto
greater
me.
But I resisted
it,and
tiful
beau-
returned
we
"
"
Come
shook
us
weak.
"
Do
come," I said.
But he shook
"
his head
dog
Out you
And
back
to
He's
wants
"
A man's
more
than
go."
out
get
we
a
his face
1
read,"said he.
to
went,
There
but it was
shawl for
again.
was
is no
cold that
I saw
Bellwattle,
His
hidden
book
was
nightand, coming
Cruikshank
througha
laid down
the table
upon
in his hands.
in
more
sense
of him
and
outsider,
to
ask her
248
THE
the Miss
to
came
then, when
Fennells'
in silence. It
walked
house,we
Until
the truth.
we
was
saw
firstintimation of
of my
the letter
FORUM
journey,and
hand
my
went
to
pocket to
my
that
see
there.
was
"
How
"
The
time.
lightin that
my
draw
me
It's usuallylit
window.
upper
further,wherefore,
at
this
out
but I said
possible,
then, no doubt, that it was
manner
as
She
more.
useless
to
saw
try and
woman
She
no
asked
I did with
what
me
days.
I could
"
Ask
masters,
not
me
You
"
Nothing that
nothing?
do
supportedby
I am,
"
on
he can, when
so
many
which
to
they are
my
is situated
man
profession,
no
be generous
needs
it
were
is situated like
man
the
exhausting
most
are
count
may
the
"
said she.
you'vesucceeded?
It's the onlypride I have," said I.
And
hundred
"
in London
men
brought up
support would
art
an
anything.When
been
having
father whose
study,in which
"
question.
be called
can
that, to do nothing is
successes
her
"
givesas littleas
that he
at
I theirs."
not
"
in life as
the
I asked.
no
not
"
from
my
that?
know
P'raps they'vegone
at
do you
who
can
year."
you'veno
"
And
"
There's
only
do
nothing so well
ambition
What's
"
To
do
as
can
not
on
that?"
something for
someone
many
fifteen
"
do
"
one
are
anythingelse?
ambition," I replied, only one
to
having."
"
There
else."
worth
EDITORIAL
Americans, conscious
WE
of the
all
of
to
where
nations
are
they differ
that the
more
from
less
or
our
them, that
should be
we
with
as
Yet
in the best
institutions
and
ludicrous,
even
littlequiet reflection
lessons which
are
shall have
we
have
customs,
best
customs
that there
frankness
is
we
learn; amongst
to
people. And
other
the
or
regrettable,
own.
not
we
have
achievements,proud
our
republicaninstitutions and
possiblecountries,and
of other
and
of
habit
of
for which
principles
attached
rather
NOTES
as
we
ually
habit-
are
incompatible
not
ing
instance,it is rightto pointout the increastendency here, with the phenomenal increase in wealth,
with courtesy.
For
toward
ostentation
sillyto
assume,
assumed
"
snobs
is
no
several
as
and
that the
the
Coronation
and
the desire
valid
London,
in London
to
why
reason
or
fawn
on
an
example of bad
told that
that
mediaeval
near
by
whether
There
be present
not
it be
phancy
syco-
Coronation
at
in
York.
of these
unpropitious;but
was
and
there
celebration in New
Hudson-Fulton
be present
to
but unfortunately
of great ability,
a
man
journalists,
in his outlook, took advantage
limited and provincial
the opportunity
and without provocato sneer
patronizingly,
tion,
of a friendly
State. The moment,
at the Head
at the best,
One
as
chose
drawn
we're
American
an
of
who
large number
historical pageant,
great
any
extravagant
recently,that the
";
during
and
they are
the incident
to
conditions, destined
But
to
emperors
pass
European would
other
do
value, if only
not
an
survivals
peacefullyaway
naturallysmile at
American
countries before
250
as
need
to
he
to
be
institutions,
believe in democratic
future.
without
Americans
manners.
supposed
not
was
thrust
has
from
in the
the
plied
im-
lican
repub-
established
EDITORIAL
them
is
not
though Americans
And
home.
at
Republic. It
the outward
NOTES
251
America
republicans,
the possibilities,
one,
are
of
appearance:
country is not
the
the
And until we
house in order, it would
set our
own
parasites.
tions,
more
to other nato refrain from
seem
appropriate
dictating
is directly
to
where, at least,the Government
responsible
the people;where laws are made
to be obeyed,not
ignoredor
scandal as has lately
been
evaded; and where such a legislative
for example,at Albany,would provoke a revolution,
exhibited,
and not a shrugof the shoulders.
*
The
now
who
the continuance
of such
"
that
States has
logically.
Ignorant
placedin power, partly
true
citizens
think
have been
bosses
self-seeking
throughthe influence of the largealien
with the
many
the United
as
clearlyand
see
too
are
in public
to permit
affairs,
integrity
travesty
"
and
There
vote
not
The
yet identified
standard
of dishonesty
publicsentiment and
caused
to be regardedas almost inseparable
It is inconceivable that the people,who have the absoterms.
lute
hands, will remain so stupidor so
remedy in their own
degradedthat they will permit this disgraceto continue. If
theydo, it will be necessary to pointout to them that power
of the
abused should be forfeited. The
persistently
principle
recall can be appliedto the incompetent
dishonest official.
or
But what principle
honest
be appliedto the incompetentor discan
they have set
and
politics
graft
"
'
up
has vitiated
"
"
voter, who
all the
and unmakes
makes
who
officials;
is
that no
exposure
able
seems
to
The
of the
the
nation is to be
"
safe and
reduction
significant
reform
was
appear
so
on
congratulated
"
sane
affect?
movement
of
July,with
The
injuries.
25
THE
FORUM
clear
some
"
"
"
guns
being
"
"
unloaded
of
experimentingon
service
themselves
Personality
seems
valuable record
of them
so
double
their
of service
the country.
"
beyond the
moment;
built up
publicmen
our
who
the
At
have
best,the
jority
ma-
any
have
to
have
have made
permanent
of
many
"
fulfilledthe main
and
more
possibleto pointto
out
perform
so
the State.
to
It is not
and
"
purpose
attempt
to
do
to
"
thingsworth while; to
conduct
an
administration
see
little
benefit of the
considerable
time
time that
to
is ever
the
plan of
the weak
comprehends human
that he
concessions.
the crime
And
and shame
To
take
and
nature
reasonable
laries.
its inevitable corol-
raised before in
not
an
easy
North
of the United
States,from
is called the
to
South, East
to
flagrantlyand
West, what
unchecked.
There
for
are
one
columns
these
and
make
must
continues,with
policyof laissez-faire
the
so
imaginesthat he is strong,
who
man
are
on
These
"
are
not
policeto
hidden
secure*
incontrovertible evidence.
se-
EDITORIAL
eluded districts;
they do
NOTES
253
lightbeneath a bushel;
but theyflaunt it,red and unmistakable,in frequented
highways.
do not know these places,
that the police
It is nonsense
to assert
But
and know
thoroughlywell their meaning and illegality.
instructions have evidently
been issued by those in authority.
Why? Who is gettingthe money which is paid for protection
traffic? The various
by the scoundrels engaged in this pitiable
that there always has been,
and authorities may
assert
mayors
and alwayswill be, a social evil. Undoubtedly there will be, if
for suppressing
those responsible
it are willing
to take bribes
for a tacit permit." And those who
honest among
are
more
and
them might at least have the courage
of their convictions,
what they think and desire,instead of glozing
state clearly
their sentiments with euphemisms. Let all who
believe
over
in the inevitability
of the trafficsay so; let them assume
bility
responsifor it,and regulateit. At any rate, they will save
tens
of thousands of the unguiltyfrom contamination
tion,
and destrucuntil a finer generation
shall see that the whole ghastly
thingis intolerable and inexcusable. In the meantime, there
remains the definite fact that these peopleare illegally
protected
in every city,
because they pay for protection. Is there no
the demand,
publicopinioncapableof demanding,and enforcing
that the hypocrites
who grow
wealthy on these bribes shall be
not
hide their
"
citywere
one
cannot
cavil
or
and
ideas,
tive
execu-
either knows,
He
responsible.
is beingdone by his subordinates.
held
The
save
at progress,
to
suit modern
methods
lead
not
and
reprisals
to
say
much
for the
patriotismand intelligence
of the leaders,either of the Government
or
to come
and
of the
to
reasonable
agreement
far-reaching
importance.They
on
have
have
matter
been
unable
of such grave
degraded an Imperial
questioninto an affair of partisanship
and prejudice.The
eral
genof the publichas been unquestionably
sense
in favor of
THE
254
reform, and
it
it should have
wiser
was
bounds
to
FORUM
been
occasion
obvious
take
of freedom.
It should
the Unionists
to
have
enlarge the
equallyobvious to
in opposing
entirely
justified
theywere
been
maintain
the
had
precedentof
It would
coercion.
mere
of
spirit
that
the Constitution.
To
obtain
within
comes
majorityby
lishing
estab-
difficultto
be
Peers
and
almost
merelydesirable;it is necessary.
not
The
of Lords
House
must
brought into closer touch with the will of the people. But
be
the
means
ill-advised.
are
by coups d'etat is
Government
stable and
to
beneficial
results.
?P
*F
*l*
complexityof
which
is a
British administrative
measures.
different Governments
new
to
new
areas,
authorities.
have
vied with
Law
other
and
new
affairs,
and
borough
County councils,
Poor
districts,
sanitary
each
For
simplicity
generations
in
creating
over-lapping
councils,rural
town
of Education, parliamentary
Boards, Boards
and
districts,
divisions,
policeand judicial
have presenteda jumble of patchwork arrangements,
on,
sidered
needs of each moment
and each new
being conmeasure
electoral
so
the
tions.
lately with little reference to existingcondiness,
tendencyto bungle,to compromise,to avoid clear-
until
"
This
"
of Lords
to
reform
to
with
specialqualifications,
were
to
House
of Commons.
itself. Stillmore
to
And
numerical
areas
from
by
were
each district
by the Government,
state
in the whole
to
representatives,
Other
be elected
be nominated
proportionsrepresentingthe
of Peers.
were
were
seen
of Parliament
stillothers
is
of
partiesin
feeble scheme
in
the
there
NOTES
EDITORIAL
signof
no
was
effectiveness. One
would
such men
as
containing
sufficientforesight
to
would
have
enabled
have
Lord
seize
thought that
of
some
recover
tion;
dignityfrom a criticalsituabeing remoulded, the operation
Imperial,and some
degree of
with
emerge
if the Constitution
and
simplicity
in an
assembly
of
note
prestigeand
its lost
no
principle,
permanent
255
were
The
here, caused
shippingstrike,
perceptible
scarcely
of the Continental ports.
grave disturbances in England and some
It is not necessary to discuss now
the merits of a disputethat
is ended; but, though there are many
changesin a generation,
the following
passage, written nearlytwenty-eight
years ago by
Francis Adams, is still interesting
as
showing the conditions
recent
from which
"
one
The
have tried
men
of
spectacle
of the
most
to emerge
dock
laborers is
of the
outcome
logical
docks over
metropolitan
week.
men
are
Hundreds
by
the
and thousands
of lives are
lost or
ruined every
without
absolutely
that men
compensation. Yet so fierceis the competition
not
are
maimed
killed in the desperatestruggles
or
unfrequently
even
at the gates for the ticketsof employment,
a
guaranteeing
pay
year
nature
perilous
"
lowest kind
not
amount
houses inhabited
"
to
by
more
than
few
this unfortunate
"
"
pence !
class
are
The
of the
256
THE
olistic companies
wholesale
the
able to make
profitof their
directly
by ruthlessly
crushingout, through
demoralization
all efforts
contractors,
To
men.
thus
are
immense
FORUM
these immense
see
machine, British
the
organizationon
at
part of the
of that
crowded
more
with
huge and
ships and steamers, and to watch with intelligent
stately
eyes
the colossal work of loadingand unloadingthem
by what means
is carried out; this is
commerce,
face
to
childhood,youth, manhood,
that makes
misery and
them
curse
of human
and
womanhood,
far
"
appallingthan
more
holocausts that
"
thing
every-
merelya
not
Juggernaut
any
offered up
were
life
with
age,
of the human
process
sacrificialorgy
cian
Phoeni-
to
"
Moloch.
is a
with the
street
and
cars
trains
It is a littledifficult
to understand
desire
to
others
annoy
classes of
general
too
in disputes
that
interfering
tragedy;and
the boisterous
kept in
by
of
check
the revolver
of the
the
children
his business
one
may
discover that
the
to
why
they were
non-legalmind,
it was
the
the
wonder
mere
do, and
or
he
methods
it
is therefore
elimination
the
citizen
pleasure,and for
his
constant
not
tinuance
con-
being adopted by
now
for
possible
or
serious
to
go
women
Incidentally,
menace.
it would
duty of
that
in
possible
as
suddenlyresult in
may
make
soon
be freed from
to
far
as
social intercourse,and
to
sense
will
magistrates,
and
custom
vicious element
or
aid
an
common
about
peacefully
dangerous
especially
of carryingconcealed
the
as
citizen to refrain
weapons
from
the
become
It is an
undevelopedAmericans.
habit, because
so
wantonly has
of order
the enforcement
why
on
have
seemed
magistrateto
is entitled
reasonable
stupidrowdy.
to
rather obvious
do what
he
was
citizen should
be
that
appointed
discovering
protectedfrom
THE
258
peoplein
American
FORUM
result: English,
yieldedthe following
1900
ranked
of
population
are
the United
cent
per
States. The
of
of
figures
not
As
the Germans
known
are
over
for their
and intelligence,
in expecting
that such
enterprise
we
are
justified
individuals would have made a strong
largenumbers of German
impressionupon American
culture,and that they would also
have
produced some
histories.
And
so
But
of Americans
being mentioned
an
know
than
of
that
they brought
stores
the
are
inclined
to treat
them
and that
Limited
for many
upon the
as
learn that
to
rocky shores
soldiers
Central
long before
of
1528
1538
were
America
to
of
possession
active
an
of Americans
masses
with doubtful
on
rights
German
World.
Mendoza,
Many
was
Cortes
German
already
had
went
hundreds
to
and
South
Pizarro.
colony in
the
the Hudson
of Kleve, became
by
with
landed
PilgrimFathers
among
surprise
discovered
Attracted
the
Massachusetts,Germans
1546 Venezuela
officein the
printing'
had
taken
as
of German
In
the very
among
they have
newcomers
From
were
soil.
American
and
low-citize
fel-
sauerkraut,
lagerbeer,
and publiclife,
political
great
our
majority
our
in vain.
of their German-American
littlemore
part in
in
search
we
have
we
worthy
men
tiansen
Chris-
river.
the
its beautyand
true
eleven
"
ELEMENT
GERMAN
regardedby
was
a
his
contemporaries
may
in the Historish
passage
lightChristiansen
In what
Amsterdam
of the Dutch
Verhael
259
of the stations
to itsshores
expeditions
New
STATES
UNITED
IN
Netherland
"New
Jean de Wassenaer, who wrote:
Christiansen of
first exploredby the honorable Hendrick
was
also
Kleve
Hudson, the famous
navigator,was
Nicolas
"
there
he
It was
Netherlands.
of the New
director-general
who closed that memorable
bargainwith.the Manhattee Indians,
in 1 62 1, by which, in exchangefor some
trinkets amountingto
60 guilders
Island became the property of
or
$24, Manhattan
became
the Dutch.
Minnewit
southern
point of
Later
he became
on
also,erected
the Delaware.
Sweden,
made
the
became
his
Sweden
the aggressive
Dutch
against
With
successor.
German
strong hands
of New
from
Sweden
he
most
success.
as
the
the mouth
of
as
colonyat
perishedin a
Buchau,
von
the
colony a
Swedish
Minnewit
When
hurricane,Johann Printz
by
fortificationupon
one
firstdirector of New
well
West
Indian
nobleman,
defended
New
1643 to 1654.
and New
Netherlands
the
to
III.
in the colonies
for
elected as a temporary
by this change,Leisler was
by the peopleof New York, to hold the colony
governor
the new
he called togetherthe first
king. In this capacity
congress
of American
French.
With
of
common
this
act
colonies
he awoke
to
resist the
among
assaults of the
sense
in the Continental
260
THE
Nine
years
Peter
an
FORUM
Zenger,
apprenticeand assistant to Bradford, the famous
for
printer,
severelycriticised.
were
of the
confiscated
journalwere
and publiclyburned
by the hangman. But Zenger fearlessly
continued his criticisms. When
thrown into prison,he became
a
the hero
of
trial by which
our
"
of the
one
of
the press,
highestprivilegesof
"
established in
was
America.
That
the Germans
theyalso proved
founders
were
opposed to oppressionin
in 1688, when
small band
any
form,
of Mennonites, the
monument
Germantown, established an everlasting
the firstwritten protest against
to themselves by issuing
slavery.
most
convincing
Although the language of this document was
and
of
whom
it was
until
matter
years
addressed, did
not
slaverybecame
dare
to
abolished
of
to
Pennsylvania,
action in this
take any
in
Pennsylvaniamany
afterwards.
The
Germans
the Quakers
when
the firstto
the
many
also among
were
war
acts
protest against
toward
the colonies;
plished
independencebroke forth, they accomand noble bravery.
of the highestpatriotism
for
In front of the
the Hall
of Fame
of Peter
of
in
as well as
CityHall in Philadelphia,
the Capitolin Washington, we find statues
priestly
garment
by
pulpitin the uniform of an American army officer. Inspired
soldiers.
of his community registered
his example,300 men
as
By gallantservice Muhlenberg became generaland one of the
confidential friends of
Washington.
IN
ELEMENT
GERMAN
261
STATES
UNITED
than
more
200
were
killed.
when
the distress
was
the
Point.
of the
war,
erates
the Confed-
of officerstrained
at
West
THE
262
Many of the
positions.There
Schurz.
One
the hero
of
ancestor
of the
officers reached
than
the
highestmilitary
were
more
them
generals,among
33
Spanishwar.
Admiral
his home
made
German
FORUM
Schleyswas
German
Schley,
stock,as the
schoolmaster,who
had
Germans
themselves in politics.
Frieddistinguished
rich August Muhlenberg, a son of the above-mentioned
minister,
Many
was,
the
and
in
1795.
them
birth,among
Karl
Hayes.
for the
our
In several
the
It
In i860
cabinet
was
officers of
served
he who
abolition of
tary
Secre-
as
one
of
slavery,for
the
was
preservation
resources.
elections the
presidential
decidingfactor.
Lincoln
and
Schurz, who
Representatives
through
representatives,
governors
senators,
German
to
1793
of
German-Americans
theystood
almost
as
were
man
for
tariffwould
not
theydeclared
be
for
to
gold standard
people. And
and honorable
and
war
with the
enormous
in
in
1896
finance.
have
rendered
as
parison
politics
appear
very littlein comgood they have accomplishedin the
homesteads.
Numerous
pleasant
New
York, Maryland, New
States, especially
Pennsylvania,
souri,
Nebraska, MisJersey,the Virginias,Ohio, Indiana,Illinois,
their
Kansas, California,Oregon, and Washington owe
As agriculturists
to the Germans.
they
substantially
prosperity
won
the admiration
meagreness
of all their
ELEMENT
GERMAN
care
of their farms
in
IN
UNITED
STATES
They
way.
abusingthe soil,which, as
263
is
never
in the
seen
England States
New
those which
have
to
never
agree
seen
exist there.
farms
New
York
these farms
are
stillinhabited
who became
settlers,
earlyGerman
and rational management.
throughtheir diligence
prosperous
made themselves apparGerman
skill,
geniusand enterprise
ent
also in the many
i
n
and
handicrafts, commerce
industry.
established the first type-foundries,
Germans
glass and iron
leather and chemical industries.
works, powder mills,gun factories,
of
and Anton Klomann
the true originators
Andreas
are
the Carnegieworks and the present United States Steel Corporation,
by
the descendants
And
and
Pennsylvania
of the
with which
connected.
became
Henry
The
name
Wehrum
C. Frick and
of F.
historyof
Charles
Schwab
Augustus Heinze
the American
copper
Buffalo and
Seneca,New
is
also
arably
inseptry.
indus-
Iron and
York.
Johann August
at Trenton,
Roeblingis the father of the cable wire spinneries
New Jersey. Martin Brill in Philadelphia
and J. H. Kobusch
in St. Louis established the two largest
car-factories in America.
Peter Paulyorganizedthe Pauly JailBuildingCompany in St.
Louis;F. Niedringhausthe National Enameling and Stamping
Company at the same place.Johann Jacob Astor organizedthe
famous American
The
Fur
Company.
Havemeyers and
made
themselves the chief factors in the American
Spreckels
known
sugar industry.Friedrich Weyerhaeuser is universally
as the
lumber king of the United States." John Wanamaker,
the inventor of the departmentstore, and John D. Rockefeller,
the master
of the Standard Oil Company, also claim derivation
at
"
from German
In the
the
ancestors.
take
brewed in America
and
teenth
by the Dutch and Englishduringthe sevencenturies. In 18 10
the whole
eighteenth
output
THE
264
FORUM
amounted
000
to
beer
Anglo-Americans,
produced a heavy,very intoxicating
the
to
lagerbeer,which
the
suited
is more
reason
contains much
introduced
the American
to
ilar
sim-
for this
In time it displaced
Besides this,
it helpedgreatly
to
entirely.
lessen the consumptionof whiskey and other liquors,
in which
America
indulged very heavilyin former times. And so the
the ale almost
of
claim
German-American
our
what
To
been
enormous
developedby
year.
is
the Germans
seen
amounts
to
industryemploys hundreds
from
at
60
the
providesvery large
to
revenues
The
H.
J. Heinz
throughout America
is known
We
of
production
oatmeal
for
in
Company
preserved fruits
business
meat-packing
Pittsburgh
and
tables.
vege-
and in the
ous
engineeringJohann August Roeblingmade. himself famthe Niagara, the
by his daring suspensionbridges across
In
constructed the
with fresh
which
famous
River
water
from
between
Michigan. He
connects
Schneider
the cantilever
Brooklyn.
providesChicago
also made
mines of Nevada
the
the canal
Hermann
Karl Konrad
of San Francisco.
electricians the
Silesian Karl
Electric Works
Among
and
Sutro plannedthe
Mississippi.
bridgesacross
York
tunnel that
enormous
Lake
New
our
sulting
Steinmetz, con-
in
Schenectady,
THE
266
enthusiasm.
FORUM
of
the German
now,
mention
to
masters
of the
appreciation
our
its many
350,080
these is the
to
persons
institutions. There
are
ous
numer-
noteworthyof
York, which
try
coun-
positions
tryingto reproducethe comin their highest
perfection.
German
element we must not forget
benevolent
societiesfor the
most
our
of the great
In
singing
35
Legal
years
Aid
of its
Societyof
New
existence,
helped
without considering
their nationalities.
rights,
It collected for
On
236.
account
it became
by this society
in America
the model
well
as
as
of the
enormous
in the United
Germans
very
been
small fraction
done
formed
century, never
only a
that has
German-Americans,
the
as
indicate
of work
mass
similar institutions
numerous
abroad.
The
for
unit
to
up
by
the
ishing,
aston-
more
of the nineteenth
the end
having in view
mutual
aims.
of splendidsoldiers,
but without officers.
an
They were
army
The beginning
of this century, however, broughtgreat changes.
The
everywhereto
and
so
the attention of
escape
States assembled
in
American
on
League
the States,
but
to
of several
Germans
representative
and organizedthe GermanPhiladelphia
October
6, 1901,
consolidate the
not
to
form
State within
enormous
of promoting everything
the purpose
character and culture and that might be
this was
German-Americans,
our
populationfor
American
to
apparent
of
small number
too
rightdirection
step in the
endorsement
American
German-American
of the whole
nation.
That
hearty
population,
may
seen
from
the
and
almost all States,
The
of this
has
now
than
more
powerfulimpulsecaused by
league gave
birth
to
many
the
two
million members.
foundingand growth
movements
of similar char-
with
accordance
In
acter.
of
knowledge
of
the purpose
University established
in
has
and
made
propositionswas
He
suggested
and
of
This
universities
thoughts
innovation
other
and
later
brief
sketch
America
shows
that
only the
achievements
the
to
be
not
nation
our
of
Jews,
races,
the
historyof
Such
so
was
they
the American
Just
as
of American
also
to
about
German
do
Africans
well
better
in
element
consider
to
not
citizens,but also
and
the
Mongolians.
to
nation
will
of
in
common
the
whole
still be
only
the
the
if it
credit,then the
interest
great
father
to
part
of the American
gain greatly in
to
system,
written; and
their due
to
their
Ohio, and
History
contributed
memory
omitted
considers
"
be
and
of
history that
nationalities
contribute
history.
character
history must
all nations
erected
may
justlyclaim
cannot
countries.
professors of
vastness
that
would
stronger
complete, so
Nation."
color.
the
Anglo-American
our
can
Ameri-
of the world.
importance
of
historians
descriptionof
describe
would
Slavic
history of
the
our
Germans,
and
As
of
great
bring
to
all
of Harvard.
include
to
Our
Romanic
extended
two
art,
of
greatest
establish
these
between
was
of
works
Francke
to
vard
Har-
will show
professors between
in order
ideas
on
understanding among
of the
of
for
reproductions
the
Kuno
nationalities
those
Professor
by
that
in great
But
past.
regular exchange
German
contact
the
during
science.
and
culture,
Societies
facsimile
produced
gained
German
museum,
and
paintings, photographs
casts,
poetry,
Germanic
can
Ameri-
there
Germanistic
literature
German
promoting
of
beauty
founded
universities
and
Germany
and
magnitude
the
American
several
in
267
renowned
suggestions of
the
studied
had
professors who
STATES
UNITED
IN
ELEMENT
GERMAN
the
of
our
Hall
and
monument
country,
of
Fame
BERGSON:
HENRI
THE
PHILOSOPHER
OF
ACTUALITY
Edwin
the
TO
his
For
vice
philosophyhas
sake," and
this
"
written about
is
an
here
more
see
as
seen
of
as
for its
freelythat
James
connection
too
called
once
which
or
turn,
scheme
Foremost
be mentioned
dust
this restoration of
of facts and
the world
between
brought
man
practical
philosophyof
our
of
sort
in the back
he
change. The
professors.Philosophy is
plan
of life. And
handmaid
he
or
unconsciously,
consciously
of his head,
be run,
to
and
to
his
cording
ac-
which,
on
his
dailyconduct.
of those who have helped to produce this new
derstanding
unof philosophyas, essentially,
basis for action,
must
a
chester
the late William
James. But speakingat Man-
College, Oxford,
veteran
"
"
exist
so
William
of the
thought has, in
kind of
some
to
rightto
the minds
that he himself
own:
what
speculation.
dusty-mindedprofessorshave
previous professorshave thought."
elsewhere
the world
grounds for
abstract
other
what
clearingfrom
once
toward
philosophy
reiteration of what
mere
But
is he without
claimed
Nor
versa.
indifferent attitude
like art,
own
it seems
practical
man,
life,or
to
Bjorkman
not
leader of American
said: "Without
the
to
urge
views
particular
I should
of mine
"
challenged
un-
and philosophy
psychology,
confidence which
on
these
bases
being able
upon
lean
ventured
have
never
to
this ultra-critical
audience."
The
not
make
word
or
of any one
maintain
man,
a
even
though he
be
world-reputation. But
livingFrench
James,
the
same
does
(
thusiasm
en-
evinced
by
other
men,
268
PHILOSOPHER
BERGSON:
OF
ACTUALITY
269
manhood.
The youth of
intelligent,
progressive
of
his own
country have arrayedthemselves under the leadership
to
Bergson with such fervencythat those in power have come
fear a generaldesertion from all the acceptedideals and idols
of orthodox, materialistic science. At Jena and Oxford, at
less than the students
and Stockholm, the professors
Rome
no
of a new
touched by the same
are
sense
dispensation.Such
if not actually
Anarchistic
as
diverging,
opposed,movements
proclaim in this quiet,
Syndicalismand Catholic Modernism
prophet.
keen-eyedParisian professortheir chosen and inspired
Here in America, three of his principal
works have been brought
with
at once
out
by two different publishers.Such a figure,
all the marks of leadership
him, must
surelyfall within
upon
the class indicated by Bernard Shaw when he wrote
that, the
is ignorance
of the few great men
most
sort of ignorance
pitiful
very
flower of
"
who
men
are
of
our
time."
own
Henri
in
1859
at
Paris.
thought finds a
of Jewishorigin,
Poland
once,
his
gerous
though it is danto ascribe an
exaggeratedimportanceto the influence
of
time and race
in him
and place, one
cannot
help detecting
both of Celtic mysticism
and of Jewishlove for clear-cut
traces
parents
came
to
France
from
"
Ireland.
And
"
dialecticdistinctions. He
and creed
race
and
which' seems
toward that universalism of spirit
to
nationality
be the common
goal of all civilized mankind nowadays.
He was
educated in the publicschools of France, obtaining
his naturalization as a French citizen only after he had entered
them.
At firstmathematics
cast a spell
him, and while still
on
he won
a
a
boy of eighteen,
prizeby an essay deemed good
enough for publicationin a prominent mathematical journal.
from
drawn
Through the readingof Herbert Spencerhe was
that firstlove and
moved
to
enter
student of
the "cole
Normalc, but
philosophyhe
had
no
even
thought
the
not
THE
27o
revolt,causinghim
sense
to
itself. And
consciousness
stands based
and knowable
his attention
turn
to-dayhis
entire
the
to
problem of
philosophical
system
known
time,or duration,as the chief reality
on
to
FORUM
man.
dating back
In
to
Parisian
Collegede France, a
1889 he
university
his doctor's
won
90
he
of Moral
of
elected
was
so
Political Sciences.
and
which
career
far
the Institute as
to
James described
outward
as
facts
place in
imaginationand his
member
Such
are
of the
the few
Academy
landmarks
"
most,
commonplace to the utventures
go." Professor Bergson'sadthe realm of thought,but there
utter
as
fearlessness of consequences
after another.
encounter
startling
He is not a prolific
writer,being mainlyeager to make each
of the conclusions prompting it.
work an adequate expression
on
to
one
one
Thus, for instance,
had
been twenty
one
in
not
Laughter, have
yet translated,
editions. And
one
into almost
or
every
reached
has
six
more
or
alreadybeen
civilized language. But to get
lated
transa
full
yond
within his own
understandingof his influence,
country and beman
it,we must always bear in mind that,as one of his Gernot merely
admirers has expressedit," he is a personality,
the head
The
of
school."
magnetic qualitythat
his person
whom
old-fashioned professors,
emanates
"
both
from
his ideas
OF
PHILOSOPHER
BERGSON:
ACTUALITY
271
almost
fundamental
of
conceptions
natural that
man
who
his
philosophy.And
from
has turned
talent
the
to
it seems
quite
styleas flexible
that of any poet. In fact,Bergson is a
and as picturesque
as
poet, no less than a thinker,and to find proof of it one might
for
of his pages.
Thus
only a poet could describe the past
againstthe portalsof consciousness that would
turn
at
random
outside." And
"
to any
one
these messengers
are
dragging behind
"
as
pressing
fain leave
memories
us
it
that
of what
"
we
unawares
"
"
"
"
THE
272
FORUM
worth
not
was
of
unreality
the
Out of the
play,and
and
senses
whatever
palpablyreal to ordinarymen.
shadow
vast surroundingworld theymade
an
illusory
of ourselves mere
out
dupes at the mercy of our
that very reason
which they had enthroned so high
seemed
above the
out
The
idealistic philosophy,
againstthis rationalistic,
revolt
Bergson
was
climax.
and
Continuingthe
studies.
own
Tarde, Wundt
and
to
it on
carry
to
umphant
tri-
started by
gloriously
Spencer,he has taken liberally
work
so
Ostwald.
as
stripped
out-
also gone
to
ear
lured man's
practicalism.
from
won
dared
to
the
give
often have
so
soul from
But
dreaming.
apocalyptic
or
to
he
unlike
of intuition,
he has
so
other listeners
many
from
losing
demand
our
own
century's
metaphysics,
capableof satisfying
in itsdreams of the unknowable!
even
actuality
new
for
Pure
of
corner-stone
very
like
speculation,
"
art
necessity.And
rounding world as an objectfor
while action is
outgoing toward
the
to an
that itcould
on
never
matter
sake," is
for art's
we
our
see
action.
to
solve unaided*
luxury,
mere
conceive the
'
sur-
into what
inquiry
hope
and
intellect
our
lifeitselfis"
problem
THE
274
in space, and as seen
But this is
of
inability
form
of
it seems
tinuous.
disconby our intellect,
essentially
merely an appearance, growing out of the
of immobile
the other
FORUM
The
discontinuity.
essential quality
of
means
life,
on
flow, change,
but also
the underlying
continuity,
unityof all existence. For
duration,"says Bergson, is the continuous progress of the
"
"
past, which
This
gnaws
is the
which
on
reality
one
and
conception;
time
be held
must
we
which
may
swells
build
it advances."
as
world-
our
versible,
real,both because it is irre-
"
"
every
of
Each
human
voluntaryact
work
he says,
in which there is invention,"
movement
that
man
must
be either the
predestinedslave.
To
him
completemaster
of his fate
it and Ibsen,among
Schopenhauerexpressed
free under necessity."
or
or,
its
as
others,acceptedit:
"
At the bottom
of life itself,
this movement
that opposes
and
Urge.
Under
the pressure
of this
impetus,existence
is
stantly
con-
Each
from the common
root.
sheaf-like,
diverging,
directions for some
added divergenceimpliesa search in new
the cleavThus appear
facultyessential to further progress.
PHILOSOPHER
BERGSON:
OF
ACTUALITY
275
mals,
designedto store energy, and anivegetables,
designedto expend it,and later between animals,moved
and men,
guidedby intellect. Existence,viewed in
by instinct,
ages, firstbetween
this manner,
is neither
modern
as
accidental,
science would
have
us
nor
believe,
"
"
"
"
THE
276
other
In
the
only
thus
was
look
we
the
that
ahead
future
shall
shall
leave
of
less
these
ever
at
And
it
not
only
is
of
life's
for
reverence
in
the
bibles
spirit
sake
but,
of
less
no
sacred
secrets
that
of
this
above
it
position,
than
into
book
be
like
work
all
that
the
else,
and
is
and
James
in
on
that
life
that
and
by
It
as
"
hearts
attention.
man.
past;
conceived
we,
in
destined
heads
humanity
the
Bergson
ing
mak-
are
consecration.
reverential
complete,
great
modern
seems
the
by
revealed"
by
undiscovered.
men
"
produced
were
revelations
new
will
evolved
however
accepted
mankind
bibles
its
each
future
work
its
pour
that
and
men;
shall
to
of
present
our
have
be
can
be
mind,
it
that
means
bibles
the
will
individual
any
revelation
from
continue
by
This
that
sense
world-conception
new
not
comprehensive.
the
of
itself,
race-mind
and
It
the
words,
FORUM
turn,
owe
them
POET
LOST
Monahan
Michael
TO
almost every
man
or
in
so
far
blessed
self-expression
"
cursed in
there
blessed
comes
so
far
as
it is balked
as
frustrated
and
"
the
"
Louis
of
Stevenson,in spite
of recognition
that an
of esteem, every suffrage
testimony
world could shower upon him. How
then,
grievous,
applauding
itbe in the case of a man
who has but merelydemonstrated
must
the artistictemperament by such slight
works as are commonly
acceptedonly as an earnest of riperand better performance!
It is then that such a man,
havingneither secured nor deserved
from the world that sustaining
grace of publicapprovalwhich
is called success, beginsto see with fatal clearness the via dolorosa
of the artisticspirit
stretching
away before his lamentable
and ever
of age.
vision,
droppinglower unto the sad twilight
every
judgedby that
Not
so
had he
chief honor
decrees there is no
appeal.
hearingthe poet'svoice
look forward
whose
to
and
an
old age
lackingwhat
can
must
at
he endure
to
be for him
its
garland:
Latoe dones et
Cum
precor
"
mente
nee
"
integra
turpem
senectam
cithara carentem!
Degere nee
Alas! what
with
hope is there for him of an old age rejoiced
the lyre,
since now,
ere
youth be yet entirely
past, he is tasting
that death of the spirit
which foretokens decay and eternal
than
hundred
277
agony
deaths of the
of such
mind
body:yea,
"
worse
THE
278
than
"
the
second
in the
away
death
of
course
FORUM
"
of Christian
nature
reprobation.To
nothing;a thousand
were
pass
tions
genera-
preachthe tritemoral
any
humanity. But
to
"
feel now,
when
it is
late,that
too
he had
voice
did
not
"
"
"
"
this message
to his lips,
alwaysrising
which could never
get itselfspoken!
Let all the accidents of time and fate pleadfor him. Think
get itselfwritten
never
you that
none
deemed
was
barelysnatched
who
"
the victor'swreath?
nameless
of the many agonists,
his
the prize,yet made the victor earn
What
triumph dear?
it may
strumpet
stern
they stood
moment.
Fortune
for the
Hail
forever,who lost
now
Only
their strength,
their endurance
their skill,
was
in their
to
him
the
equalto
as
sweat
"
nay,
own
vanquished!
theirs who
was
lost the
is the
recreancy
to
their
high gift.
and
by a strange privilege;
without the least treason, I am
permittedto write his fateful
for the
story here. In doing so I betrayno livingconfidence,
though he stillbreathes the vital air,is as no longerof
man,
Yet have
I known
such
poet,
POET
LOST
this earth,
havinglost that which
of his
279
the
was
enoughI
being.Reluctantly
true
to
venture
and motive
essence
of this unfortunate.
off the clamant voice within his breast until he should have
knowledgeof
gatheredmore
art
"
stronger, purer.
with its manifold
yet know
his
"
from
"
surprises. Wait!
well enough to write of
me
his
it said:
appointedtask
"
thou dost
Abide
me.
wiser,
not
stilla little
Then was
he
poet will have learned so much."
and his nightswere
taken in the sweet
coil of young passion,
and
longer,
turned
of
no
ecstasy,his
to
white
woman's
and the
the heaven
of Desire.
Long
was
he held
the accusation of
and
'
But
againfree.
was
Alas!
but at last,
shamed by
by this strong coil,
his pure earlydream, he broke the guilty
fetter
I have
be restored I
done hurt
am
Then, after
not
to
my
of
long season
self-torment,
resisting
bravely
in
phantoms of his late evil experience
yet knowing himself the weaker for
lengthset himself to write. But not yet was
the
Love
it to
learn what
shall
he
victory,
be, for
at
better
saying: "Thou
Now
shalt thou
a
thyself
poet."
So he married
this better
Love,
in the way of
though not, if he had wiser known, in the way of poets.
much
joy,for
fell away
when
he
Love
was
at me!"
of
season,
and ceased
to
even
men,
And
was
reproachor
entice him.
But
ere
long,
she cried.
thybrain?
"Am
not
Is it for this I
am
more
"
THE
280
gave
or
FORUM
that
when
even
shouldst leave
me
for
not
thythoughts,
see
for the
me
"
then
would
take her
to
she weep
"
"
in there
went
lest
precaution,
often he
But
it
or
that
marry
to
poet
long ago,
and
he get works
made
of his mind
a
as
should
him; and
hear
him
and
their
was
why
peased,
ap-
children;so
not
nothingof thy
Cannot
poet and yet love his wife?
well as lawful children of his body? "
only looking at
answer,
no
be
man
which
To
him
she cried
gifts? Cannot
ever,
howlong intervals,
ardor
day
one
weeping.
divided between
was
At
of his bosom
thence
lengththe
at
of poesy.
stealthily,
drawing the
the wife
from
came
chamber
secret
she had
so
well trained,
eyes.
she bustled about and found the pen so long laid aside,
"
and put it in his hand, saying: Come, thou art not so young
when I married and reclaimed thee from evil;but
as thou wast
Then
Write !
poet
poor
was
"
and
even
doubted
that a moment
he stood gazing at her in
so
aright,
Then he saw
that this woman
he
to whom
uncertainty.
pitiful
had yielded
up the gloryof his youth and the hope of his genius,
if he heard
was
in
And
earnest.
"What
I
epitaph
shall I
now
"
.
he said :
write,an
it
pleasethee?
"
mine
own
THE
282
"
"
That
is right,"
Teacha
pencilin
There
"
was
do you live?
"
Another
Fourteen,East Broadway."
"
And
friends,here," and
no
in the child'ssmile
was
Teacha
did
them
each others'
of the older
luncheon
so
Teacha
glanced
of
subtlety
half-veiled
the
glancedover
too
rows
this
on
expression
Stralla's
"
with admonition:
But you
Stralla. All the children here are
friends,
Rachel
"
girls, will
them,
"
littlecountenances.
friends;and friends
with
she
as
seasoned
tone
your
it is recess,
Now,
pause.
the
exactlyendorse
not
"
"
doubt?
no
room;
must
"
name?
your
littlefriend here?
some
"
the
derision
have
you
No,
Now, tellme
child
the
finally
pause;
"
"
"
said.
hand.
Where
around
of
FORUM
are
and
you
one
Carrie,"she beckoned
talk with
and
what
and
you,
eat
can
you
to
two
your
will find
friends,dear. You
glanced at the empty hands,
"
Teacha
fetched your luncheon?
and the limp pocketsof Stralla's jacket.
"
She
No, Teacha.
shook
her
Make
head
breakfast
angrilyas
of their luncheon.
some
my
"
Rachel
No,"
justwhen
and
Carrie
she cried
out.
offered her
"
by the
away."
come
am
not
aquiline
sat
down
stove.
and
Carrie
were
and
quittedthem altogether,
she
where, with tremblingfingers,
even
kissed the
went
over
stroked
to
Teacha's
the books
desk,
carefully,
largerones.
She proved a marvellouslyclever student and the zeal of
to
her thirst was
Gradually she came
as
a fever in her veins.
know the other children,but alwayswith a peculiarreservation,
and
even
THE
speciesof
LIFE
DOUBLE
"
far and
so
STRALLA
farther
no
puzzledTeacha
Bialskystarted
OF
for
home,
no
very
BIALSKY
"
defied
which
manner,
much.
283
Stralla
When
arms
accompany
related
where
mother
to
her
wore
her second
uncle who
them
the
father
splendorof
sat
on
her
their
from
the
breakfast
food, Stralla
shawl her
holidays
; the silk,
yes trulyalso,silk sacque of
of her third; her
and the pink stone earrings
sister,
sailed to Europe in his own
ship;her cousins who
on
lived in the
cart, and
West
drove
up
Side, making
and
opera
down
the
music 1
streets
magnificent
Also,
as
Teacha
of the
listened,
ited
she vismuch-poor familywhom
and boysgive
to, and tried to help; and would not the girls
the rags they might throw
to her for these much-poorpeople,
without
to the streets,or the old worthless shoes,or any stockings
all of a great charity,
feet,or hats? She was sure theywere
and would helpher poor family,
much-poorand needy.
Of course
they did: it is the poor who help the poor first,
always.
Teacha
also she saw:
that Stralla covertly
listened;
picked
littlestubs of pencils;
up every stray bit of stringor paper;
piecesof orange peel,apple-cores,
crusts, scraps of any and
and carried
unseen,
every thingthat she could lay hands upon
these all off in her jacketpockets. So one
day Teacha, who
her pockets,
and
was
judicious,
arrangedto find Stralla filling
half remonstratingly
asked the meaning of it.
The
child was
neither non-plussednor
ashamed.
She
shrugged her littleshoulders in a mildlyself-disdainful way.
Oh! it is my poor family,
Teacha; I try to gatherthe bits for
of
poor,
11
yes, to
am
humble.
to
the gutters,
with
eyes
"
FORUM
THE
284
the
it is
What
atiord
superiorair
to
of
those persons
see
accustomed
an
who
benefactress.
need
can
But,Stralla,
you tellthe children that
and grand."
"
not
poor,
pockets;"but
poor
so
No, Teacha,
She
touched
the
You
should
but
grand,oh, yesl
rich
peopleare
your
rich;
not
bulgingjacket
see
father
my
in his
to read
long beard and coat on the Sabbath, sitting
in his red velvet chair. That is a fine thing."
Scriptures
"
You
be
I
Stralla,
know
coming
am
I go to see
have me? "
glad to
Stralla
"
not
your
looked
soon.
Will you
My
come.
children.
the
brother is sick;my
your
I will tellthem
heart.
how
Do
good
you
peopleare
not
are
to
come
to
me,
but
come."
not
However, Teacha
Stralla
name
see
They might-be,hurt
to
Bialskynow
No, Teacha, do
proud.
can
givethem."
to
"
poor,
what
not
find the
did anyone
of
there know
in fact,such would be unlikely,
as it was
a
nor
Bialsky,
heart
and
head
were
familyof
people by that
business place.
both deeply
interested in Stralla
pupilsgive them
this
doubtless
bearded
man,
Stralla.
to
no!
heard
"
the
School!
wherever
"
he knew
name
"
to
Stralla:
one
from
named
in his life.
was
him, was
of
the father
course
Bialsky;indeed
he
Yes:
had
he
never
children, five;
alwayson
footstepstrod.
her
School
no
for Teacha
"
clue
Stralla's poor
family,and this voluble,
with great defiant gaunt eyes, persuading
greasy, filthy,
to buy
passers-by
Stralla's familyhimself.
But
was
the
of
Here, then,was
"
his children?
Never.
"
Learning!
"
Of
what
LIFE
DOUBLE
THE
Who
use?
and write in
BIALSKY
STRALLA
OF
better?
He
285
himself could
the work
"
"
"
"
"
in the
she had
rear;
seen
on
peelsstewing;a cupfulof
apple cores cookingtoo; crusts soakingin a can; pencilstubs
in the children's hands ; the strings
all sorted on a nail,readyto
with,for
pleasantword
far,onlyinto the
out
discover
to go
why
all this,
and
saw
she then
went
away;
grocery
come
Teacha
customers.
the woman,
to
determined
of orange
to
her
the child
own
was
so
not
sure
was
her poor
"
my
lessons
learn,Teacha,
to
joinedher.
I go home.
and this is the day when
I have
the red
They
Teacha
has been
know
to
eyes at
of my
my
house
in the East
way?
Broad-
name,
"
"
"
inflection
of
as
"
some
young
prophetess!
"
would
not
let to
me
THE
286
We
do that.
I
are
proud
too
not
am
Then, when
FORUM
take
to
school
school is charity.
for
charity,
I must
learn.
I will be great
all. Then
peoplewill call me
squalidmiseryof
other
saw
And
blessed also !
the crowded
"
Her
honorable, and
under her
street
fixed upon
was
gaze
my
the
matters.
Teacha
inskychildren
"
on
That,
to
can
goes
againsthim
to
it. Once I
it is the necessary to do so.
Once I saw
the finest splendor. I found a dime.
I buy a ticket for the
sometimes
saw
theatre.
I go !
I see!
I hear!
I learn!
"
Teacha
"
"
"
'
lives,
knowledge. You say to us, It is love.' No ! no ! If I
love,maybe I am struck in the face for that; if I know things,
then I
woman."
grand, powerful,splendid
Teacha
said gently, listen,
dear; yes, knowledge
Stralla,"
is magnificentand powerful. So is love. But something else is
am
"
"
name?
your
The
but
child looked
succeed
to
between
us
it is: one
to
embroiders
us,
we
the
us,
tread upon
like
would
"
makes
cloth,one
people are
it. Teacha
sentence:
of
scorn
be what
become
must
one
"
up
to
not
fine stitches;
one
necks; we
our
But Stralla
hear
ready to
many
must
so
we
Bialskydid
hides
it;they would
make
believe
learn how
not
to
finishthat
stoppedher speech
short.
"
Lea!
Even
Lea!
then
her
Lea
"
Rosinsky!
self-containment did
not
desert
her; she
LIFE
DOUBLE
THE
BIALSKY
STRALLA
OF
287
"
at
she tried
as
to
"
shouted
clutching
children,
the
run.
"
Bialskyturned
Stralla
her
bay, and
in her
"
arms
own
wild
and hushed
its crying;
and said
creature
at
I shall get
on
trolley
the
the
with
tottering
dropped the
matter, if he dies.
No
you
she
slender throat
weight,and
like
around
took
to
learningand
baby's
the baby
the mother:
be
rich,and
rags to wear."
nail above
it,the
his
man
Teacha
had
with her
come
up the
truth;if my
would
have
added
to
was
it is well
at
the
to
hide
schools,he
been
the mother
and
"
children,
we
and mourn
and wail;but we
hair,and sit on the floor,
will arise,after six days,to praiseJehovah that there is one
lessmouth to feed; and next week I will go back to school, and
at
So
our
the afternoon
narrow
eveningI
will
we
head
and
to
customers
to
buy.
door upon
the
neighbors.
WOMAN
Phillips
Stephen
in
high walled
SHE
garden walks,
After
each shower.
trouble in that brow,
There
seems
Those
quiet eyes;
no
The
Their
Was
Lived
she
as
a
for
now
then be
Signs upon
Where
the
cold
ever
tear?
! in the locked
May
lips,.
her ear?
at
Without
those
kiss upon
ever
Voice
Ah
above
bends
And
in the
room
night,
seen
her, as
sea
on
hath
some
been.
288
shore,
THE
290
Mohan
broke
Roy
FORUM
from
away
orthodox
Hinduism
the famous
life in India
religious
low
the Hindu
both
speak of
them
and
at a
was
Mohammedan
the
earlier reformers
of
were
followers would
earnest
to
to
The
ebb.
lapseinto
Samaj,
tendencyof
barren
to
formalism,
of
Kabir, Chaitanyaand
lacking. It was
conspicuously
power
many
Brahmo
early
churches,if it is proper
churches,was
as
and
thought by
very
in the
Mohan
succeed in
accept his
winningover a largepart
broad and simplecreed and
would be comparatively
Christianity
easy.
It is
been.
to
interesting
note
different the
how
now
has
outcome
versal
Samaj failed completelyto become a unichurch or a proselytising
On
agent for Christianity.
the other hand, it proved to be the first of a series of most
Since its origin
a century ago,
importantreforming movements.
the Prarthana
jab
Samaj in Bombay, the Arya Samaj in the Punand United Provinces and the Ramakrishna
to name
Society,
but three organizations,
have secured a large followingand,
each in itsdifferent way, have made a profoundimpression
upon
ity
activthe religious
life of India. Stimulated by this wholesome
The
Brahmo
with
contact
western
ideas from
without, the
fer
body of orthodox Hindu thought has begun to sufof
change. The two other great established religions
conservative
a
Southern
Asia, Mohammedanism
equal signsof
and
Buddhism, have
of social reform
Movements
vitality.
new
shown
are
before.
than ever
Among the lower classes
conspicuous
Christian missionary
made unexpected
work has lately
headway.
It is hardlytoo much to say that the whole Indian world, which
in this sense
and Ceylon, is religiously
include Burma
must
more
awake,
it has
as
Like
most
not
been
activitiesin
before
for
of centuries.
number
movement
new
is far from
The
average
Mohammedan,
Hindu
and
is stillat swords'
what
the
unityof
confines may
pointswith
the average
the Mohammedan
be the
recent
munity
com-
Shia-Sunni riots
in
Bombay
may
INDIA
testify.Nevertheless
eloquently
most
in
periodas uniquein
than passing
moment
certain similarities
which mark
direction,
common
291
certain broad
of progress
cies
tenden-
the present
the
to
With
OF
CONQUEST
ETHICAL
THE
let
us
for
examine
minute
more
some
of
the
has
more
been
Pratab
written about
this church
leaders
Mohan
Ram
"
Chunder
Mozumder
"
and
its succession of
Roy, Keshub
Chunder
markable
re-
Sen and
here, perhaps,
tradition.
It
counts
among
its members
as
of the
bay
superstitious
invention,and in 1875 he established in Bomthe firstbranch
of
the
society,
belief in the
was
school near
Hardwar
powerfulforce
for social
THE
292
FORUM
the
women,
system and
caste
the
The
of modern
Ramakrishna
universal than
the
the
ences
branches, but the differ-
two
are
Protestantism
of
authority
and
the
purposes
India.
aims is
more
of
spirit
ligious
re-
the
name
of
Vivekananda, who
It is better known
bears.
now
society
of his
one
in this
the
disciples,
of
branches
the order
both in Europe
(commonly called Vedanta Societies),
and America.
From itsearliest days,not many
decades ago, the
ideal of the society
has been in a large sense
monastic,and its
they admit
and
and
or
the Sanskrit
on
but
scriptures,
restrictionsof modern
ism
Hindu-
phases of western
sympathy with many
ity
sphereof charArya Samaj. In the practical
in
more
they have
stress
of the claims
none
are
lay great
ence
life of meditation,obedi-
form
They professa philosophical
to
shown
great earnestness,
in recurringtimes of
India,especially
three
that
movements
we
have
justexamined
developed outside
the
Church.
turn
to
other
When
we
most
orthodox
recent
and
all
Hindu
community,on
the Mohammedan
have
the
significant
been
been
was
Before
was
men
the
ceived
re-
com-
OF
CONQUEST
ETHICAL
THE
INDIA
293
of
One
funds, in
of his
most
characteristic actions
the
was
completion
"
the orthodox
many
Maulvies
who
undertake
to
and poproffers
any real sanction of slavery
lygamy
of unbelievers. This is all sufficiently
the killing
olutionary.
revor
The greatest change,however, is undoubtedlythe
the community in India takes of the responsibilconception
ity
deny that
"new
will be found
the Koran
of the Church
and
material
welfare
of its
members.
Even
played
disvitality
by the Buddhist Church in Burma and Ceylon. In Ceylon
the religion
almost dead fifty
was
To-day it is
years ago.
has won
back many
converts
distinctly
vigorous and progressive,
from Christianity,
counts
a
growing membership and has very
checked further Christian advance.
This revival
materially
beganin the 8o's and was from the firstalmost whollya layman's
movement.
of an
Curiouslyenough it was the encouragement
but
American, Colonel Olcott, which firststarted the activity,
the
more
are
striking
the
signsof
not
renewed
artificial. As
in the
THE
294
also
Buddhist
Woman's
FORUM
Educational
and a missionary
Society,
which has started propaSociety,
ganda
the Mahabodhi
organization,
in
less
Bengal
and
of the
marked, but is noticeably
The
various creeds
hurriedlyin
review
fundamental
matters
The
bitter
of the
most
and
of
character.
to
have
we
justpassed so
in the
another
one
most
doctrine,authorityand
antagonism of
the three
organization.
forms one
great religions
is no
less
are
who
same
which
sects
opposed
are
In Burma
elsewhere.
certain
tendencies of
common
ing
theythat one is tempted,at the risk of seemthem
under five main heads.
In the
to
classify
arbitrary,
firstplacethere is an obvious tendencyamong
medans
Hindus, Moham-
So
are
striking
and
Buddhists
alike
to
do away
with much
unessential
myth
and
In the third
to
many
of the
or
the
treatment
put
an
end
caste
tem,
sys-
in the heart
of women,
of
to
tradition.
religious
last been fullyrecognizedand education of the
most
at
advanced
the
sanction and support. Finally,
religious
in*
of the religions
to have become
more
seems
animatingspirit
modern.
tolerant
in a word, more
telligent,
more
mation
It is in a sense, perhaps,the beginningof an Indian Reforthat we are now
witnessing,
although no Luther has yet
arisen or can well arise. Still the real moving force in all this
"
of form
chiefly
appears
evident
men.
from
That
the trouble
the remarkable
is
way
one
in
ETHICAL
THE
OF
CONQUEST
INDIA
295
which
students
is no
seems
calls for
fact which
attention.
earnest
moral
schools.
There
Half-
learningand
If the Indian
and
ways
of
were
not
tions
Indian,with his different tradi-
an
thought,it would
seem
ity.
problems in ChristianBut the results of Christian missionary
work in India have
been, at first glance at least,singularly
disappointing.The
latest census
figuresshow that barelyone per cent, of the population
are
professedChristians and this includes the foreign
residents as well as the natives. If one
judgesprogress by the
simpletest of conversions,this is a discouraging
showing for
not
fullyfour hundred years of Catholic and Protestant effort,
established in the early
to speak of the SyrianChurch, which was
centuries of this era.
the only success
Furthermore, practically
he should find the
his present
to
answer
body
to
of Hindus
and
castes
Mohammedans
of the Madras
missionaries have
last
ten
lower
of
of
years;
have
offered
Nagpur, among
the
sistance
re-
come.
over-
the Tele-
but in each
who
classes,
to
proved almost impossible
and
have
case
the work
has been
among
the
abandonment
to gain by an
everything
the caste system. The new
for 191 1 will uncensus
doubtedly
figures
show largenumerical gains,but the relative position
the great religions
is likely
to be littledisturbed.
in the face of all the apparent facts,the inNevertheless,
296
THE
lluence of Christian
FORUM
of Christian ethics,
teaching,and especially
of thousands
conscious
Hinduism
unconscious
or
as
and Buddhism
standard
leaven in the
It has served
by which
the
and Mohammedanism
as
practicesof
have been
ured
meas-
and
of the most
judged. It has directly
inspiredsome
Indian of all the Hindu
reformers,from Kabir and
essentially
Tulsi Das to Keshub
Sen.
Chunder
The purityof Christian
ethics in particular
members
has appealed to the broad-minded
of such movements
as the Ramakrishna
Societyand the Brahmo
Samaj.
I suppose
to
in India and
to
that
answer
who
persons
be made
can
are
not
in
well known
too
sionary
adjunctto misIn
requiremention.
as
to
an
The
we
watch
Looked
to
be
at
from
when
justment
this readscientific
standpoint,
apparent
once
ern
itselfto modto adjust
strugglesof Indian society
conditions.
seems
at
tice.
prac-
problem resolves
as
well
itselfinto
as
in
more
survival of the
material affairs.
of competition.
Just*
question
India's armies
THE
298
will have
been
cases
He
served.
chooses
to
turn
FORUM
his
to
find it somewhere
must
religions.He
own
and
he
rally
natu-
finds in
considerable
and
of
spirit
most
lected
neg-
The
the hour
herited
of incompels him to choose from this mass
trine,
approximation to Christian ethical docprecept some
be it for better
or
In
worse.
cases
of direct conflictthe
has
religionis obliged to yield,as Mohammedanism
for example, on the question
and Hinduism
of slavery,
yielded,
eastern
in the
effect
The
It amounts
is
of
matter
to
an
ethical conquest
as
transformingreligion,
even
when
strikingly
more
with
we
seen,
turn
to
communities
affairs. Here
western
but be
of India,if you
have
we
of widows.
and
the
see
will,which
which
shows
self
it-
publicand private
which
we
profound.
are
closely
most
signsinnumerable
of new
crumbling under the access
ideas. The cultivated BengaliBrahman
looks at lifemuch more
point of view than many persons would
nearlyfrom our own
have
us
tends
think.
to
Buenos
much
act
Ayres
of
or
of his walk
men
as
New
In his
York.
and affairshe
men
home, it may
or
be, he
is stillbound
to
and
world
more
than
are
sees
is
by
not
"
but the
new
of that insincere.
reason
There
is
and other
the
of
outer
Indians
the wheel
to
customs
which
splendidexample which
can
many
longer be sanctioned,or in
to
of these men
setting,
are
no
true
accomplishedfacts.
It
must
not
be
ETHICAL
THE
India's millions
majorityof
of
CONQUEST
are
yet
OF
to
INDIA
be touched
by
299
this
spirit
providethem
publicschools.
But schools
to
coming. They
inevitable as the revolution of thoughtand feeling
which
are
as
theyeverywhereproduce. Once efficientprimary education has
been made
universal in every province,
the long-neglected
ryot,
methods that date from King Asoka
with his agricultural
and his
cherished conservatism
of
will become
inertia,
Once
are
to
extent
some
an
of India
can
we
given the rudiments of modern training,
begin to
speakof an Indian nation and call the Aryan Motherland
truly
are
awake.
Meanwhile, what
various
which
movements
religious
The
gradual transformation?
done
its most
limited.
makes
Broader
The
a
than
any
of the
rest
same
increase in numbers.
trulya
are
Brahmo
importantwork.
in its doctrines,
it is at the
marked
be the immediate
to
seems
Ramakrishna
no
is more
Society
The
Arya Samaj
appealand seems
movements
be
what
growing. Though someof Vedic
artificialin its efforts to return
to the simplicity
to
worship,it is at least trulyIndian and it will be interesting
Other sects
what gainsare credited to it in the next census.
see
than these will probablyarise,but the real future of India, in
and the establieswith Christianity
lished
a spiritual
sense, undoubtedly
Buddhism
and Mohammedanism
to grow
seem
religions.
dailystronger and, whether for better or worse, their aims are
Hinduism
has shown
than theyonce
more
now
were.
practical
and assimilation in the past that is an
of adaptation
a power
a
augury
wide
for
the future.
to
Buddhist
influence is
at
present
fined
con-
Burma
and
is problematical.As
has been
seen,
its progress
appointin
thus far is dis-
not
littleto
sort
of
reaction
patriotic
being
infused
is
tolerance
of
likely
may
such
be.
the
ethical
than
articles
the
whatever
modern
her
of
belief
greater
it
and
The
necessity
future
are
ganda,
propa-
before
be.
any
great
however,
development,
of
almost
whole
ever
house
store-
vast
Christian
will
outcome
considerations
unshaken
On
work
the
the
to
of
pressure
meaning.
what
growing
remain
to
neglected
missionary
to
broad
under
In
counterpart
such
new
foresee
to
India's
on
again
ideas.
and
found
many
with
shown
impossible
based
is
forth
set
and
fact
and
beliefs
be
can
doctrine
Christian
now
Indian
to
Hinduism
of
is
FORUM
THE
3oo
seems
that
religious
it
tory
his-
HELMET
GREEN
THE
W.
The
B. Yeats
Persons
of
the
Play
Laegaire
Conall's
conall
laegaire's
Cuchulain
Red
Man,
Spirit
Emer
Scene:
the back
A
and
house made
Through
Boys
Black
Men,
the
misty,moon-lit
but the
it
the
the
oppositeside
the
rocks
ing
noth-
see
can
one
at
make
beyond the
the windows
at
of
corners
rocks which
low
see
windows
two
are
of
one
sea.
etc.
it is within,and
Through
sea.
can
Scullions
and
There
of
cuts
door, one
the ground outside higherthan
room.
wlfe
Horse
of logs.
which
door
Wife
to
the
flagonof ale.
black.
The
is green
stools.
are
rocks
At the
black with
are
few
green
touches.
The
are
of green,
sea
Man
one
sea.
two
with
The
touches
Red
Man
is altogether
in red.
heightis increased by
is intentionally
violent
horns
and
He
the Green
on
is very
Helmet.
and his
tall,
The effect
startling.
Laegaire
WHAT
A
is that?
I had
in the wink of
cat-headed
man
thought that I
an
out
spitting
by;
But that could
not
be,
301
saw,
though hut
eye,
of
Connaught go pacingand
THE
302
FORUM
CONALL
You
I killed them
have
it
dreamed
all before
there's
"
I hoked
daybreak
"
out
of their
lair;
I
cut
And
off a hundred
then
I danced
heads with
singlestroke of
and carried away
their graves
on
sword,
my
their hoard.
Laegaire
Does
the sea?
anythingstir on
CONALL
Not
I
can
see
for
mile
or
two,
even
now
fish or
at
gull.
the full.
[A distant shouf\
Laegaire
Ah
"
there
there is some
"
one
calls us.
who
CONALL
But
have
And
we
The
us
no
from
not
come
made
whoever
cover
the landward
up from
side,
the tide;
that noise,
harm.
Laegaire
It
was
CONALL
But
that's
an
impossiblething.
Laegaire
An
thing indeed.
impossible
CONALL
For
he
In that
never
will
come
highwindy Scotland
"
good luck
HELMET
GREEN
THE
303
knows,
neighborwars on neighborand why there is no man
is luckyall wish his luck away,
if a man
take his good name
from him between a day and a day.
Here
And
And
Laegaire
I would
he'd
come
though she
That
may
wife know
his young
rightto
no
go
Before your wife and my wife,as she would have gone last night
Had theynot caughtat her dress,and pulledher as was
right;
she makes
And
She
lightof
spreadsher
us
taillike
in
him up
long green cloak that covers
down throughthe rocks and hazels,
man
Comes
to
the chin
Laegaire
Cry
that he
out
cannot
come
in.
CONALL
He
must
Where
shame
must
alighton
two
us
no
one
is up.
Laegaire
No
man
on
the
ridgeof
the world
must
know
ever
that but
us
two.
CONALL
[Outsidethe door] Go
go away,
away,
Young
And
go away.
Man
when
to my
the
nightis through
heart's delight.
Conall
A law has been made
that
none
to-night.
THE
3"H
FORUM
Young
Who
Man
that law?
made
CONALL
We
Who
else has
to
keep
it,and who
made
from
the house
has
so
good
right,
the
Shape-Changerstill
out
of the way.
day?
Man
Young
Then
I will unmake
the lav/,so
and
get
you
housed
into the
goes
CONALL
I
thought that
Nor
no
And
could any
had I been
Dip
or
rightly
readythere's
no
man
livingcould do it,
dip.
no
Laegaire
Go
out
if you
"
stone's throw
further
Our
wives will
give you
For
on
supper,
and
you'llsleepsounder there,
Man
Young
I'lleat
and
sleepwhere
I will.
Laegaire
Go
out
or
I will make
you.
Man
Young
some
dog defend
are
me
for
cat
of wonders
up.
the cups.
Laegaire
It is Cuchulain.
THE
3o6
FORUM
Laegaire
Not
even
fish
or
gull.
CONALL
You
When
With
And
half drunk
were
a
littlewhile.
We
were
full.
cup
We
but
gone
were
wide
high
half-shut
and merry,
came
man
and
foxy eyes
he said when
drink,that he had
bid him
we
so
great
drouth
He
could drink
the
sea.
CUCHULAIN
I
Out
of
loved
so
for
come
of you
one
some
But if he
thought he had
mew.
water
CONALL
You
would
For when
He
And
we
promised
when
be
not
had
to
so
had
we
danced
or
sung
show
if he
merry
us
game,
asked what
standingby,
were
as
he
were
our
of kin
next
ever
he answered,
"
been;
Why
whip
off my head,
Then one
of you two stoop down, and Til whip off his,"he said.
"
A head for a head," he said," that is the game
that I play."
Cuchulain
How
could he
his
own
had
been
whipped
away?
CONALL
We
told him
it over
and
over,
fuddled
his wit,
i
laughed at
us
split,
Till I could stand it no
blow,
at
GREEN
THE
that he did
Being mad
And there
on
the
not
HELMET
and
answer,
307
at
more
it fell it went
ground where
his
laughingso,
laughingat me.
on
Laegaire
Till he took
it up in his hands.
CONALL
splashedhimself
And
into the
sea.
CUCHULAIN
I have
when
imaginedas good
I have
been
deep
as
in the cup.
Laegaire
You
did.
never
Cuchulain
And
believed it.
Conall
will you stop
with us two,
Boastingof your great deeds,and weighingyourself
And cryingout to the world whatever we say or do,
Cuchulain,when
or
done
better?
Nor
"
is it a drunkard's
it all
be
came
out
tale,
of ale,
laughingstock
Laegaire
But
twelve months
upon
the clock
"
Conall
A twelve month
from
the firsttime
"
Laegaire
And
For
we
had been
him
"
put from
our
the
THE
308
FORUM
CONALL
We
stood
we're
as
standingnow
"
Laegaire
The
horns
were
empty
as
"
CONALL
When
He
ran
of the
out
up
sea
his shoulders
on
again.
Cuchulain
this is
Why,
tale worth
telling
"
CONALL
And
And
If
did
we
disgraced,because of
was
us
right
from
two
night,
not
him
pay
his debt.
Laegaire
is there
What
When
with
man
to
come
to
be said
head?
Conall
If you
had
been
there
sitting
you
had
been
silent like
us.
Laegaire
He
he would
more
come
again to this
house
And
again. Twelve
months
are
up
to-day.
Conall
He
would
have
followed
after if
we
had
run
away.
THE
GREEN
HELMET
309
Laegaire
Will he tell every mother's
that
son
have
we
broken
our
word?
Cuchulain
Whether
he does
does
or
bargainif he
And
not
with the
out
but dare
to
sword,
scoff.
CONALL
How
can
with
fight
you
head that
laughswhen you'vewhipped
it off?
Laegaire
Or
man
that
pickit up
can
in his hand?
CONALL
He
is coming now,
As
when he
there's
splashand
rumble
alongthe
strand
last.
came
Cuchulain
leans upon
him
house, makes
great two-handled
stands upon
the
to
the door.
the threshold
ground,higherwithout
taller
seem
than he is.
even
sword]
Laegaire
It is too late to shut
And
laughslike the
it,for
there he stands
once
more
sea.
Cuchulain
Old
Whip
Or
off your
else go
herring
"
own,
down
You
for it seems
in the
sea,
go
whip
you
down
can
off heads?
clapit on
in the
and whip
jugglerManannan
Man of the Boynes,for theyare
waves
Why then
again.
I say,
his head away;
sea
of your
and you would find
own
a
sort,
sport
THE
310
Irish
Of
more
But what
are
If there's
no
old
An
I
sword
harm
can
the
you, I've
trick to tumble
five-fingered
Sualtim's
am
waitingfor,into
you
Cuchulain
son
FORUM
in
me
drinkingjoke and
Red
Man
earnest
in
gibe and
The
The
make
layit there on
[He layshis Helmet
And
wear
his
upon
the
the drinker's
own
here
I
now
to
face?
my
friend,
the world's
bringyou
you
all to
end,
gift,
lift,
ground]
the
on
place;
laugh in
you
"
I will
of the
play,
To
out
you
say!
older trick to
an
what, do
"
water
west.
the
head, and choose for yourselves
afraid
Laegaireand Conall are brave, but they were
jest.
Well, maybe I jesttoo grimlywhen the ale is in the cup.
solemn voice
There, I'm forgivennow
[thenin a more
goes out]
O!
"
best.
of my
as
he
[Conalltakes
up the Helmet
and gazes
at
it with
delight]
Laegaire
with
[Singing,
swaggering stride]
Laegaire is best;
Between
and
water
hill,
He
At the break of
All fell by his
day
sword,
he carried away
Their hidden hoard.
And
[He seizes
the
Helmet]
Conall
Give it me,
for what
bag
But the
You'd
straw
for
taken
HELMET
GREEN
THE
311
dirtyrag
good money?
Cuchulain
No,
giveit me.
but
no,
[He
takes the
Helmet]
CONALL
Helmet's
The
mine
Laegaire's you
or
the youngest of
are
"
us
three.
Cuchulain
the
[Filling
I did not
take it to
But I shall
keep it
the Red
"
giveit to
all
all of
to
"
Helmet
ale]
Man
gave
three
it for
to
or
none
is as
And
you
look upon
"
we
I drink
to
Emer,
one,
;
fro,
That
it
us
with
lives.
to
take
our
to
your
wives,
wife
my
[A great
Why
what
in God's
shouting]
is that noise?
name
Conall
What
boys
there's
not
man
to-night,
Or be able to keep them from it,
or
[A noise of horns without]
There do you hear them
They
have
taken
the
in the house
now?
know
what
them
set
to
fight.
hunting horns
to
drown
one
another's
speech
For
prevail
"
here's your
long life,
And, though she be quarrelsome,good
wife.
good
health
to
health and
Emer,
your
THE
312
FORUM
running in.
come
Laeg
I
am
my
yard.
Another
Conall would
his feathers.
scatter
[Confusedmurmurs}
Laegaire
[To Cuchulain\ No
use,
theywon't
hear
word.
Conall
They'llkeep
it up tillthe dawn.
Another
It is Laegairethat is the best,
For
he
And
foughtwith
cats
in
Connaught while
rest
Laegaire
"
Care
He
what
does
own
of his
man
sort
sport.
Another
It
was
all mere
luck
at
the best.
Another
But
Conall, I
say.
Another
Let
me
speak.
Laeg
You'd
be dumb
yard would
but open
his beak.
THE
314
FORUM
Stable
Boy
here.
man
Another
Give it to
Laegairethat
made
the murderous
cats
pay
dear.
CUCHULAIN
It has been
We
have
I drank
givento
none
that
"
cat
into
of peace,
cup
That
it may
That
purr
in his hand
well
and
all of
our
went
out
servants
of
know
sight.
Servant
shouting.
I will stop my
"
in itsclaws
went
A
That's
rivalry
might cease,
our
Another
Cuchulain
I
am
tired of this
big horn
me
is in the
hoarse
as
right
;
rook.
Laeg
By drinkingthe
The
whole
firsthe took
himself.
of the honors
Laeg
Laegairedrinks
from
it now
he claims
Another
Cuchulain and
Conall
have
drunk.
to
GREEN
THE
HELMET
315
Another
He
is lost if he
taste
drop.
Laegaire
to
be better
the
cup?
CUCHULAIN
[His words
are
of
the crowd
herringit is
for this.
he broughtthe Helmet
Who
has set us all by the ears
And because we would not quarrelhe ran
elsewhere to shout
That Conall and Laegairewronged me, tillall had fallen out.
[The murmur
grows less so that his words are heard]
Who
he is spurringto fight?
knows where he is now
whom
or
So get you gone, and whatever may cry aloud in the night,
That
jugglerfrom
"
A
Cuchulain is in the
right
"
tired of this
am
big horn.
Cuchulain
Go.
the door
toward
is the better
to
Conall's
look
at.
Wife
Emer
man
hearingthe
Wife
[Without] But
[Without]My
on
outside]
Laegaire's
[Without]Mine
but stop
is the
man.
pithier
mine
is better born.
THE
316
FORUM
CUCHULAIN
Old
You've
wives
the game
that
kill each other that you may
set our
We
are
Ah,
now,
to
house.
[The
theymay
to
they'vebegun
wrestle
to
women
egg
sport with
us
on;
us.
to
as
the door
to
come
well done,
hurricane,
struggling]
Emer
Wife
Laegaire's
husband
shoulder.
Wife
And
My
neck and
nails in your
back] My
man.
go
before
me
if you
can.
[Kneelingin
the door
so
as
keep
to
out
the
others,who pullat
her]
did he
But what
But
and
sidelongand spitting
And
what
fightwith there
shadows
helpless
but
straw
Laegaire's
Your
own
man
Drowning
his
made
up
of the dim
and broken
air?
delf ?
Wife
that tale
tremblingalone by himself,
terror.
Emer
[Forcingherselfto
the
front]I
am
the door.
No
one
shall walk
before me,
My
man
has been
praised.
or
praiseany
man
before
GREEN
THE
HELMET
317
CUCHULAIN
[Spreadinghis
Come, put
One
is
Break
as
fair
down
theycome
[Laegaireand
That
to
their
each
one
it~\
quarrelling;
the wife of a king.
so
as
to
close
end
an
as
the
the door
across
arms
her husband
go
the
to
Emer
is.
windows, each
stands
the door
at
the window
to
and
sings
beingbroken out]
are
Emer
Nothing that
he has
His
mind
His
body
Have
set
Than
Himself
Is the
that is
done,
that is
When
higher
the wind
on
giftthat
Therefore
sun,
head
my
fire,
he
gives,
kind,
women
Grow
Troubled
as
mine,
met
with wine
By a secret thought,
Preyed upon, fed upon
By jealousyand desire,
For
I
[The
windows
am
are
am
moon
to
steel
to
now
broken
that
sun,
that fire.
down
door, and
to
the
the three
floor. Cuchulain
women
come
in
at
Emer
singtillI've
would
A share of
stiffened your
take
our
honor.
sloth and
awake,
lipagainstevery
knave
that
FORUM
THE
318
Laegaire's
You
lie,for
Wife
Conall's
take from
would
man
your
my
man.
Wife
[To Laegaire's
wife] You say that,you double face,and
husband began.
own
your
CUCHULAIN
[Taking up
Town
land may
the Helmet
rail at
town
from
table]
the
gone
to
wrack,
The
very
straws
The
very
The
jarsjostletillthe ale is on
this shall help no
further.
[He
the sea]
But
may
wrangle tillthey'vethrown
very ale
Laegaire's
the
so
you would
let none
shall
answer
for
floor,
the Helmet
throws
into
wear
Conall's
But you
the stack,
Wife
It
And
down
was
not
Wife
it,for you'verobbed
my
man
by
this.
CONALL
You
have
robbed
us
both,Cuchulain.
Laegaire
The
On
the wide
greatest wrong
to us
two
there is
this
Emer
[Drawing
her
dagger] Who
is for Cuchulain?
Cuchulain
Silence.
day.
HELMET
GREEN
THE
319
Emer
is for
Who
While
same
she
Cuchulain,I say?
her dagger
before,flourishing
s wife
is singing,
ConalVs wife and Laegaire9
words
as
their
draw
back.
Wife
Laegaire's
[Cryingout so as to
Deafen her singingwith
throughEmer's singing]
be heard
horns.
Conall's
Cry
Wife
aloud! blow
Laegaire's
horns! make
[The
horse
you
smother
is
noise!
Wife
Blow
themselves.
her voice.
fightamong
confusedfight.
or
deafeningnoise and a
three black hands come
Suddenly,
throughthe windows and put
the torches. It is now
out
side
pitchdark,but for a faintlightoutthe house which merelyshows that there are moving forms,
but not who or what theyare, and in the darkness one
hear
can
low terrified
voices]
a
A
Coal
Voice
And
saw
one
stretch to
came
up
over
the strand.
Voice
torch and
Another
They
cover
Voice
pluckedthe
moon
from
the air.
[A lightgradually
into the house from the sea, on which
comes
the moon
There is no lightwithin the
beginsto show once more.
house,and the great beams of the walls are dark and fullof
shadows,and
the persons
of
the
THE
320
Red
light. The
is seen
Man
black cat-headed
The
carries the
Helmet,
FORUM
standingin
the great
one
his head
cut
off or
One
sword]
Man
I may
That
of the house.
men
Red
I demand
the midst
some
kneel down
man
all shall go
there
wrack.
to
CUCHULAIN
He
playedand paidwith
his head
and it'srightthat
we
pay
him
back,
And
givehim
So I will
more
give him
in here
comes
as
head.
my
been
no
My
fame
shall
guest,
faithful man,
but when
at rest.
sun,
story is done
my
high above
set you
all.
Emer
[Puttingher
about
arm
him] It is you,
not
your
fame, that
I love.
CUCHULAIN
are
young,
man
wise,you
are
you
call
can
in the house.
Emer
[Throwing
her
you
goose
When
its eyes
are
turned
to
the
sea
to
the salt of
the air?
Emer
[Liftingher dagger
path.
to
stab
herself]I, too,
on
the gray
wind's
THE
RENAISSANCE
OF
Isadora
be asserted
IT
Etscher
place
not
"
the
not
to
In Greece
added
to
associated
born
was
with
plays;the
the
the
"
"
"
"
of the
"
sincinnis
"
can
divinity
dancers.
be found
At
were
which
as
means
to
was
which
pyrrhique
which
"
which
often
was
in India, where
other times
which
which
"lyric dances"
gymnopedique
offer the
to
"
"
"
'
emmelie
civilization.
Hellenic
similar wish
high
the altar
cordace
elements
less
or
grave
hyporschematique
the Romans;
it
when
bellicose
Panathenea;
Sparta'sdelight;the
amongst
art.
more
satiric
at
of evolution
sense
to
took
for that
temple, and
from
found
not
of the
dancing
usages,
of the
performed
were
was
it
even
adapted
was
was
in the
elements
art
or
The
stage kept its mysticsignificance.
which
was
renaissance
of
art
renaissance
express
temple, and
the
but
an
originally
was
symbolism.
in the
earliest fundamental
Dancing
did
the
ago
years
ancient conditions
to
return
be ridiculous
from
few
was
would
that
DANCE
Duncan
Gaspard
may
THE
dancing was
provoke
kind
the
to
the
sacred
bayadeers were
ishes,
considered,as by the dervof
giddinesspropitiousto
religiouscontemplation.
We
can
the choir
still find
sort
trace
of stage, and
of the dance
are
in
all the
not
: is not
religion
carefullyregulated
our
and
of the priests
and gesticulations
evolutions,genuflections
tendants
kind
of dance?
It is still more
traceable
in
a
aN
Spain,
kind of
are
called
322
"
seises."
OF
RENAISSANCE
THE
DANCE
THE
323
religious
dancingare, however,
slowlythough surelydisappearing.The Catholic Church still
pelled
Craig says, the best scenery; but it is compossesses, as Gordon
last manifestations of
These
certain forms
abandon
to
which
its ceremonies
no
to modern
longercorrespond
no
of
will rather
their
disappearance.
do not embody symbolismin our
We
dances, as the ancient
the
had a dance representing
Egyptiansused to do (theyeven
the Chinese,who regard dancing
of the stars)
as
gravitation
; or
determined languageand use it to depict
as a sort of carefully
famous
facts of their ancient history.Dancing has also expressed
the more
some
times
frequentbeingwar, somepublicactions,
considered as a sort of religious
duty;Longus has depicted
funerals were
the
the
dance of the wine-press;
or
epilinios,"
occasions for dancingthe
dance of the robes."
All these reasons
for dancingare now
almost or quitenonexistent.
The spirit
of the dance has slowlydisappeared,
and
what survives islike an empty frame.
Faith and symbolismhave
vanished from it and even
the sense
of plastic
beautycan scarcely
be traced,although,
every mysticfoundation being absent, the
onlyremainingone is the search of beauty. And though this be
itsonlyaim, the art of dancingnowadays very seldom reaches it.
The folk-art has degraded rather than improved,as with
and local habits and costumes.
The democratic spirit
typical
of our
times has banalized everything.Popular dances of the
but a few mechanical
present day are
gestures, continually
recommenced
as
long as the music plays;the rhythm not the
line,not the color is exclusively
regarded.
I shall not speak of the ballet;itis composite,
ing.
dancnot pure
It is another art, composed of a libretto,
of music, costumes
and scenery as well as of dancing. Its relation to pure
"
"
"
"
dance is the
same
as
that of opera
or
musical
drama
to
pure
music.
I leave
created
out
of
the
question
enchantment.
wings,volutions
velvet membranes
But
art
of the
floods of colors,diaperedbutterfly
of
sparkling
gems,
phosphorescent
THE
324
FORUM
meltingmetals, whirlwinds
water,
insects of
where
vented
spring day danced, all those marvels which she intion,
delightedus with,though they deserve full admiranot
The part of the lighteffects was
pure dance.
and
were
by
more
colors than
Classical dance
very
few
their
art.
by
dancers whose
It
was
at
thing. Your
of
sort
the laws
affected much
if you except a
disaster,
served to hide the emptinessof
grace
far from
so
were
we
lines.
the stage
on
life;nothing remained
other
was
nature
but the
every
Would
Vestris
be ashamed
not
he invented,if he could
pirouettes
ing
those tops in skirts whirl-
see
madly
many
round
the stage,
"
on
arms
like the
smile
on
stereotyped
is. Was
It
ears
of
the
this art, or
not
necessary
that
was
it. Isadora
Duncan
cover
Isadora
her
read from
can
congestedface how
the
painful
Messiah
the
was
as
palms
pitcher?You
should
to
one
come
and
regenerate
And
fulfilthat mission.
path with.
felt that
dancing was
not
tryingto
possible.
son,
render it with
in the
sincerity
soul
to
her
most
art, she
is why she
never
beautiful form
needed
felt any
not
to
other
RENAISSANCE
THE
OF
flowingdown
draperies
in this empty
is her
frame
we
from
see
as
DANCE
THE
than those
the
soon
as
long,supple-folded
the
to
ceiling
325
platform. And
the dancer
in which
the landscape
might of evocation,
appears,
to
such
situate her
dance.
gesture
"
It is
to
her love of
nature
that
we
owe
made
in the
For the
of
same
reason,
uglylampshadewhich
Isadora
has done
is stillworn.
with that
away
I do
not
sort
garments
have
to
they are
poser.
com-
cause
rational,be-
THE
326
them.
beautiful
to
Isadora
never
Duncan
her
saw
see
foot resemble
does
floating
arch,blown by
It is because
legs own
of
She
the
to
that
expression,
"
Pretresses
when
Scythes' when
muscles
the
body
we
the lawn
a
tune
her
of
is
syrinx,
game?
or
divinity;
completelyalter
the
must
"
"
tribute
con-
Chceur
des
Danse
des
all her
masters
her
ion
opin-
Consequently,
in the
She
arrow!
the
not
same
ing
attitude accord-
as
the
one
be
enough to
is something missingwhen
can
arms
and
knuckle-bones
Stillfewer
means
are
bird
we
playing
or
see
now,
muscles, hard
javelin. The
playingat
heart
that
dancing,the feelingshe is expressing,
when the young
girlwas
enjoyingherself on
who
is
with brazen
nervous,
is
the
so
make
to
to
body
in the
arms
with narcissi,
tryingto catch
strewn
on
the
saw
can
the whole
her
the
two
ing
that in danc-
assert
can
line is useless.
the
shoots
she
she
what
to
Duncan
uses
she adores
well, she
so
their heads
nature
no
times
some-
fallingslowly.
that
maintains
wonderfullyshe
how
branches, and
preponderatingplace,contrary
no
many.
at
that Isadora
above
she looked
and
accessories;I
one
as
stage
many
anythingbut flowers
use
children throw
look
need
not
and
FORUM
tells her
execute
the young
dance;
Greek
requiredin
the
"
"
Bergeuse
and
of
the infiniteshades
difference and
avoid
every
confusion,just as
distinctivecriterion between
Nature
monious
has
the
the
arms
the
movement
takes
more
centre
like a
body,the
it constitutes the
that
everythinghar-"
hands
is
open,
amplitude like
the
fingersunroll,
regularand pro-
the
born from
wave
gressive
Duncan
Miss
be
in San
or
in
stone
in
Francisco;she
But
same.
China, in Patagoniaor
all the
Greek
DANCE
THE
of
falling
the
born
was
she would
OF
RENAISSANCE
THE
is Greek
same
327
quietlake.
might have
in Lapland;
movements
as
those of the
and reliefs.
to possess,
hidden
but which
must
be seen,
never
which
imprisonin
must
remain
the
clay when
it
and interpret
modelling. Then she could look at nature
There are in art two extremes
is the primitive
: one
period,when
love of nature
is the inspiration,
often full of delicious freshness
and naivete,but when skillis stillmore
less lacking;
the second
or
is the periodof decadence,when love of nature
is almost
dead and replaced
the desire for sincerity
by the love of technique,
the study
by the desire for cleverness,
by artificialfeelings,
of nature
by the almost exclusive study of previousworks of
Between these two pointsis that which constitutes classical
art.
associates with a strong love of
art, where perfecttechnique
and harmony.
nature, where both stand in perfectequilibrium
This is the pointwhich is characteristic of Greek art; this is
the pointwhich, through her high culture,
has
Isadora Duncan
reached.
It is culture which has developedthe purityof her
art, as it was
high culture which broughtforth the purityof their
art.
Without reason,
be
definite and clear harmony can
no
established.
Isadora's
evolution of
art
is
not
cultured
expresses
it in all the
the word
Greek
to
copy
of Greek
and
beingwho conceives that particular
purityof its beauty. She never
applied
admirers
did.
Of
course
THE
328
it
would
has
without
been
that
she
or
ridiculous
be
is
music,
when
improvise
so
day
with
it
alabaster
and
is
there
she
loves
proof
easy
Greek
copying
when
gestures
dances
carved
for
of
frescoes
of
the
modern
of
human
the
we
Greek
feel
in
the
she
too,
her
like
all
her
little
all
the
harmony
all
holding
delicate
ing
follow-
of
cession
pro-
Botticellian
the
the
or
can
dancing
pupils
"
Spring
are
received,
just
Pantheon,
than
dances
nature,
it needed
Isadora's
beauty.
why,
stretched
the
of
merely
exquisite
which
Thus
dances
of
display
has
replace
the
those
something
beauty
art
the
dora
Isa-
are
of
rhythms
suppleness,
only
of
in
they
human,
translation
to
plastic
deeply
are
rhythms
ideal
new
was
of
more
gracefulness.
and
strength
there
had
arm
and
movements
Lemmi.
Her
art.
into
is
inspiration
remember
always
her
her
her
Faure,
This
she
basket,
frieze
something
language
nature
the
Allegory
Villa
Duncan's
poetical
"
the
is
There
shall
head,
fawns
young
or
violets
of
to
derive
may
Iphigenie.
I
her
above
like
freshness
dances
basket
She
Beethoven
she
pedestal
her
like
for
classical.
delightfully.
high
very
thus
but
by
not
studies
she
her;
and
reliefs
Schumann,
as
pure
one
what
upon
spirit
Greek
remains
Grieg,
as
the
that
"
she
from
influence
by
from
poses
affirm
to
an
Greek
FORUM
dancing
which
immortal,
have
quered
con-
faded;
eternal,
THE
330
proval from
easy for
justas
life. The
FORUM
bill as
for
that receive
measures
make
to
man
a
ominous
"
down
bear
welcome
rapturous
moment
good
too
it is
because
in
start
their
on
riers
all party bar-
the measures
that have the hardest
invariably
struggleto survive. It is provingso in this case.
Opposition
to the Bill has developedamong
some
powerful interests the
are
doctors,for instance,
againstmany
unanimouslyand violently
and the enormous
of its clauses
varietyof the problems it
all but
are
"
"
to
essays
of its friends
to
expand its
hopes and
Book
to
means
victorywill
safe
The
it on
to
in order
measure
breakdown.
It
have
bring the
to
to
mainder
re-
port.
firstpart
sists
con-
scheme
the Statute
of
of
$800
year
who
under
are
any
contract
service,
pensionable
employeesof
except soldiers and sailors,
the Crown
own
to -see
portionsof the
over
Lloyd George'spath.
encounter.
to
throw
of
save
that his
had
difficulties
in Mr.
of Local
or
Authorities,
persons
washerwomen
(such as gardeners,
account
working on their
and seamstresses),
wives
will
000,000
come
of the
scheme, which is
to
worked
of
cents
woman,
ten
a
and
6 cents
week
and 6
employed if a man
week from the employer. In
the
from
cents
cases
cents
return
if
for
GEORGE
LLOYD
AND
HIS
POLICIES
331
week
of men
and $1.90 a week in the case
for 13 weeks in the case
which will be reduced duringthe second 13 weeks
of women,
to
$1.25 for
men
and
women
is relieved from
"
be obtained
benefit of $1.25 may
doctor.
In addition medical attendance
medicines
necessary
suppliedfree
are
throughoutlife,and
insured
and
treatment
each
to
"
ment
disable-
the certificateof
on
married
women,
fund
and
insured
all
person
unmarried, and
or
maternitybenefit of $7.50.
The second part of the Bill embraces
scheme of compulsory
a
insurance againstunemployment in the case
of the 2,400,000
construction of works, engineering
employed in the building,
and shipbuilding
and the employer will
trades. The workmen
the wives of insured
$1.50
or
receive
men,
$1.75
week
and
and the
employed in
return
will receive
of 15 weeks
the trade he is engaged in. This scheme
week
to
up
maximum
accordingto
will be worked
principally,
through the Labor Exchanges. The
third part of the Bill I call it so simplyfor purposes of differentiation
sets aside $7,500,000 for fighting
consumptionand
a
year
"
"
proposes
State
to
take 25
adding 8
cents
cents
"
to
from
member
"
the
furnish
the
and
campaign and building
the
dispensaries.
is the National
Such, roughly,
outline of it,
merest
leavingout
To
Insurance
far
Bill. I have
given
more
how
the
problem
alleviated in some
and rendered more
complex
ways
in others by the presence in England of an old-agepensionscheme
and of the Friendly
of womclear the position
to make
en
Societies,
and of the medical profession
under its provisions,
to explain
has been
the
the Government
THE
332
as
as
pages
many
FORUM
enough
idea of the
give some
skilland courage
and
marvellous
the Committee
be four years
as
casually
idea that
an
grasp
Mr.
was
It must
stage.
it
that he
and
1908 he visited
and learn from the giganticsysto examine
Germany especially
tem
of State insurance there in force against
sickness,
invalidity,
old age
giveeEect
times
his
more
of the Ministers
the handiwork
In
to.
and accidents.
it is ten
incessantly;
to
than
measure
the scheme
on
Bills
most
are
who
be the
at
all from
prophesiedin
had
less
thingsseemed
Few
man
to
the
ago
years
introduce such
Anyone
who
Bill
or
would
by Mr.
gone
ten
likely
any
have
decade
member
Exchequer, would
in my time,unless it
have been written down a lunatic. No man
has
Mr. Gladstone at the height of the Home
Rule crisis,
were
of the
ever
but Chancellor
Government,
been
hated
intensely
more
1899 and
of the
than
Mr.
was
Lloyd George
between
1902,
of
almost, of
ferocity
national obloquy. He
his
"
has written,
dared
to
"
was
almost
opposition,made him
admirer
at times,"an
the
about
only
the
target of
and
in the House
man
without
war
thizer
sympa-
who
fear of Mr.
believed that,war
having
Chamberlain.
When
the
broken
out, there
which
was
nothing to be
for the
responsible
was
in the
Against this doctrine Mr. Lloyd George protested
GEORGE
LLOYD
House
and
had
demanded
He
was
carry
his
on
to
opposition
to
Parliament.
streets
of
the
war
the
As
Bangor by
333
unjust,
unnecessary
ground. He
againstsupplies
voted
offered
He
the facts.
knew
an
war
of
a
POLICIES
was
He
principles.
unjustwar.
pro-Boerin
in the
an
HIS
of his
sure
gripof
firm
to
him
of it. To
out
and criminal.
He
AND
being the
reward
'
one
he
promising
uncom-
hated
bitterly
most
felled like
was
tracted
at-
soon
'
patriot and
Mr.
an
ox
lain's
Chamber-
as
he
his own
but
far
was
as
his
reputationstretched. To the
littlemore
countrymen in Wales
he
was,
of
course,
of
mass
name.
of
lishmen
Eng-
Among
"
THE
334
ought to know
to
FORUM
friend is said
Lloyd George," a
have remarked
to
"
the present
were
votes
that
If there
King, who was then Prince of Wales.
such a thingas the Presidencyof Wales, he would pollmore
It is a hackneyed but a true thingto say
than you would."
since the
not
leader
days of Owen
after her
absolutely
more
is Welsh
as
"
Welsh
probably,indeed,even
in English; and he knows
McKinley knew
as
found
has Wales
Mr.
heart.
Lloyd George
Irish;he speaksWelsh
was
"
more
the
its
country and
the Americans
the French.
Gambetta
or
own
O'Connell
as
is
them
Glendower
No
people knows
Palmerston the English,
or
one
touch
can
"
as
he
can
on
the romantic
bued
imappealof ancient Welsh life. No one is more
with the spirit
and consciousness of a distinctive Welsh
indeed one-half so
and no one
has done more,
or
nationality,
effective. No
of nationality
much, to make that spirit
politically
is
one
effective than
more
he
in his invocations
to
the charm
of the
the lonely
lakes and mist-clad mountains,
Cymric twilight,
the ghostly
the noise of streams
ing
rushfiguresof Welsh chivalry,
down the moonlit valleys.Even when he talks of Wales on
his own
hearthrug,in the freedom of privateconversation,an
irrepressible
lightleaps out of his eyes, the voice takes on a
softer inflectionof tenderness,
the language grows
more
ous
impetuand glowing,one
feels the workingsof an authentic inspiration.
There is more
than a littleof the poet, the mystic,the
dreamer and the evangelist
in Mr. Lloyd George's temperament.
If he had not been a politician
have been a
he would assuredly
revivalist. Indeed
of the camp-
often than
meeting to
the service of
when
To
speakingfrom
many
Celtic steam
who
dons
persons.
not
so
more
at
Westminster
seem
wholly different
never
Welsh
the officialtoga
They
and
politics
Cabinet
with the
suave
and
he
sagacity
practical
he is,I myselfam
as
ure
quitesure whether he is clever enough to take the full measand decorum
of English stupidity
to understand
or
why he
at
frequently
odds
with both.
of
is
GEORGE
LLOYD
AND
HIS
POLICIES
of
completeness
335
Lloyd
is that besides being a
of Wales
George as an embodiment
Welshman, a Radical,and as vehementlyin revolt againstthe
of the
cold formalism of the Anglicancreed and the dominance
Established Church as the most dissentient of his dissenting
trymen,
couneffective orator.
His language
he is also a brilliantly
lessly
is not alwaysmeasured; he hits hard always,
often,reckbitterly
mind flashes out in pungent,
sometimes; his quick-moving
unforgettable
phrases,few of which are without a sting;at
him with the damning
pillorying
coveringan opponent with ridicule,
of sarcasm
and
and goading him with pin-pricks
epithet,
of
he has no equalin British publiclife the House
invective,
Lords was
doomed
from the moment
Lloyd George described
ducal breakfast with two
footmen
a
bearinghis Grace's egg;
and on a popularplatformwhere there is passionto be stirred,
sentiment and broad humor to be appealedto, and a largemass
What
enormouslyadds
the
to
Mr.
"
of emotionalism
to
be worked
dramatic
refreshing,
and
upon,
successful
him
count
speakersI
one
have
of the
most
listened
to
sympathy with
the mind and outlook and sentiments of a crowd, and knows by
instinctjusthow to take them, what pointsthey will relish and
what effectswill stay in their memories; and to produce those
on
He
is in natural
to
Cleon himself.
atmosphereand
as
he
vulgaras
is another
Even
man.
rant
in the House
of
of the
sweep
and
few
are
more
apt
or
more
by reminding it
speechesmay
as
one
of Mr.
novels.
Galsworthy's
the
imagination,
to
to
make
the House
of their existence.
merits in beingtrue
and
skilled
himself.
as
He
One
comfortable
un-
of his
and disturbing
salutary
has the firstof all oratorical
The
ism
Celtic touch of ideal-
in the
THE
336
of the emotions
FORUM
that
seek to
Englishmen instinctively
smuggle away, a legaleye for a weak argument and the legal
Mr.
combine to make
giftfor luminous and pointed exposition,
presence
Lloyd George
He
Pascal's
answers
that you
of the
one
test:
to
listening
to a man.
listening
are
are
Lloyd George
orators.
beneath him,
forget,when sitting
speech;you remember
only that you
you
a
appealingfact
And
compellingof
vital and
most
has reached
his present
"
position
that Mr.
propped
not
connections.
widowed
not
mother.
Wales.
When
hardlya
soul in
in the national
unaided
John
as
small country
in his
he entered Parliament
England had
ever
many
heard
Legislature,
justas he
rose
town
support
stubborn,
in North
twenty-seventh
year
of him.
He
has risen
merit.
that is
boy,he
years
solicitorin
master,
school-
poor
stilla
was
passed through
He
out
yet
struggling,
immenselyeducative
to
of
son
died when
himself,while
The
own
except Mr.
revolution
"
be
But
judgedby
what
democracy is
well
as
and
as
they are
the
"
note
of his
and
"
of
career.
He
is
of the cheeriest
one
Merely to catch a
glimpse of him as he walks rapidlythrough the lobbies*,
with lifeand vivacity
wella small,
speakingin every movement
with long black hair,now
knit man,
tingedwith gray, brushed
most
approachable of
Mr.
men.
"
back in
which
waves
from
strengthand
powerfulforehead,features in
sensitiveness,
good humor and resolution,
broad
and
338
THE
the average
FORUM
Mr.
many
had
gone
commerce
there
happiestand
nobody
was
party he belonged,who
of the
gasp
with
fiery
of British
apprehension
with astonishment.
more
by
men
many
this
did not
most
had
Government
into his
Lloyd George poured a new
vitality
officeand raised it to the front rank of publicbeneficence. Men
of the
the business man
to think and speak of him as
came
amid universal apCabinet.
He passed many
daring measures
plause.
made.
ever
Mr.
"
He
found
"
had
disentangledproblems that his predecessors
insoluble. Above
that,the certaintyof
"
than
all,he averted the prospect more
terrible railroad strike;and averted it
"
diate
onlysatisfiedboth sides and solved the immedifficultiesbefore him, but promise peace and harmony
for the future. By his mature
and decisive handling of that
in circumstances where action was
almost as perilous
crisis,
as
inaction,he enormously advanced his personal authorityand
prestige.His happy knack of radiatinggood humor and sympathy,
his open-mindednessand almost instantaneous perception
of what is essential as well as of what is possible,
the reflex action
of his candid and winning personality
with whom
upon the men
on
terms
he is
that
not
dealing,made
compose
From
him,
measure
an
ideal
man
to
liament.
through Par-
POLICIES
HIS
AND
GEORGE
LLOYD
339
that the
kinds of property; it laid down the principle
the owner
fiscalposition
land was
not in the same
as
part, at
be
might fairly
rate, of the
any
various
"
asked
to
unearned
of
owner
of other
surrender
increment
"
to
he
enjoyedfrom
the
now
George may
last;the attack
on
the Lords
at
Insurance
Bill becomes
not
Lloyd
law, Mr.
lived in vain.
is still
He
forty-seven
years old,a certain Premier, as
I believe,
of the future. There are some
good judgeswho do
stillregardMr. Lloyd George as
not share this belief and who
an
agitator
only half reclaimed. They declare him to be too
much of a politician
and too littleof a statesman; theycomplain
that he is the firstChancellor of the Exchequerof whom
people
ask not what he thinks but what he feels;
theyfind him unstable,
and in an officebeyond his deserts;theysuspect
restless,
flighty,
him of beingunsound on the question
of Free Trade; theyaccuse
him of lacking
that imperial
consciousness which is essential to a
BritishPremier;and theyinveigh
his manifold
especially
against
into vulgarity
and farce. Very possibly
Mr. Lloyd George
lapses
may be tempted at times to relytoo much on instinctand on his
of lightning-like
assimilation and too little on
powers
hard,
dry study.Very possibly,
as
too, he is not yet by any means
a
young
mature
man,
as
for
head,an
some
he will
one
day become.
growth,justas I
mind and
am
But I
am
certain of his
pacity
ca-
hard
END
THE
Richard
TELL
so
beatingmysteriously
end?
what
and
Body
Gallienne
heart,
strange
me,
Unto
Le
soul
mysteriouslymeeting,
so
clasped in hand
Say what
and
why
This
sowing and
That
ends
Only
one
Ah!
of
Face
one
sleeping
"
end?
April immortallyspringing,
friend,
morning
and
suns
where
on
"
Growing
All
reaping and
Stars of the
Ah!
"
of one's
Shining of
mysteriouslyfaring,
what
Flowers
all this
but in
all the
Unto
so
and
and
in her quarters,
moon
running of
blowing
and
waters,
snowing and
they going?
journey,all to
are
"
340
the End.
flowing,
"
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
BEING
OF
STORY
LOVE
THE
UGLY
AN
E. Temple
MAN
Thurston
BOOK
XI
CHAPTER
THERE
Dandy,
who
for
need
no
was
in
had
weeks
two
to
us
As
had finished
village,
in sightround
figurescame
the three
could
cliffpath,we
"
"
the
invalid,"said Bellwattle,in
And
the
invalid,"I repeated,below
hear
not
Another
at
that dim
had
we
of the
bend
whisper.
breath,but I know
my
heard myself.
scarcely
in which
moment,
the darkness
then
me.
to
preliminary.
every
sudden
And
she did
and
with
known
him
see
himself
made
the whole
ourselves.
announce
third
A
met.
I knew
which
figure
hurried
nervous,
staringthrough
were
eyes
my
be Clarissa,
to
introduction
took
Clarissa's
caught no word of it then but the name
name.
They said Miss Fawdry. That was all I heard. It was
what
I saw
which
occupied all my attention. Clarissa was
dressed in black
justas I had imagined. A thick veil covered
her face,falling
to her shoulders, so that only a dim line of the
place.
"
"
features could
be
behind
seen
quaint,timid,old-fashioned
firstmeeting with Clarissa
in Ireland.
There
will
cries of the
the rocks
which
sea
you
way.
die
feet
I had
on
to
girlwhom
come
story
"
341
of the
These
sea.
some
in
forgetthis
never
those
or
both
us
of those
out
the sound
between
black
to meet
I shall
below,
at
bowed
of my ears
the
birds,the sound of the waters
figureof
She
on
never
three hundred
fall upon
it.
my
cliffs
some
long,lonerollingto
vivid stillnesses
waves
thingsand
hundreds
these I shall
never
and
the
that little
of miles
forget.
THE
342
It could
have been
not
bound
thinks I have
"
as
mine.
Thank
God
for it too.
For romance
to
waitingto put it on.
into the heart of
ridingaway
away
it
and
in her mind
such confusion
is
man
impatiently
winningand
is the
sunset
but
"
to
woman
beyond.
man
"
mission
woman
an
it. There
to
prosaica
so
the
heart is captive.
my
romance
conceive
capableto
woman
Knights of
whom
pursuingthe ladyto
am
Whatever
that in
"
met
Table, I
is not
with Bellwattle.
moment
she must
she guesses
well I know
there is
as
in her speculations.
be many
a mistake
Doubtless,she
to
Round
pregnant
so
if indeed
For
FORUM
as
our
firstmeeting,there
in mine; wherefore
was
was
she
went
I suppose,
"
natural
thingto say.
she asked.
better,Miss Fawdry?
glanced quicklyat her, and in those
"
Are
The
the most
it was
your
eyes any
Fennells
Miss
power
By those
of their coercion.
"
cleverly.
I'm
the doctor
London
be difficult
to
it must
exhaustion
enter
in her
that
Harry
rightway."
sure
of courage
When
made
forced
which
must
when
come
play a part,
to
of
They
gave
her
moment
in which
to
make
wings
a
"
and
then,
be
going
be cleverer than
that.
answer,
But it needed
"
very
littlecleverness
to
justagreed to
So
we
turn
when
I had been
we
for
heard your
have
cage.
glad,no
home.
spirit
that
spirit,
the
beatingagainstthe bars of
beating,ceaselessly
been
in
see
you
"
We
had
voices."
Ballysheen.Now,
this
was
the
fellleast upon
waitingfor. Their suspicion
ment
mome.
OF
GARDEN
THE
RESURRECTION
narrow
Teresa
Miss
one,
charge of Miss
And
they have
path being a
first,
leavingBellwattle in the
walked
Mary.
would
moment
one
was
that Bellwattle
alone with
trusted her
for
Not
343
it fell out
so
that I walked
with
Clarissa alone.
before me,
imaginehow, with those few moments
like leaves on a swollen stream.
Round
and
were
my thoughts
could I
round my head they eddied and swirled,and not one
We must have walked fifty
yardsbefore
grasp to giveitwords.
As
a thingwas
spoken. Now, this is not my way with women.
ing
with ease.
True, it is while they are talka rule I talk to them
confidence. But in this
to Dandy, and doubtless that gives
me
have spoken to
seemed different. I might never
case
everything
You
may
before.
woman
with
desperation
to
came
seemed
them
But when
now,
me.
the time.
at
nonsense
imaginethat
can
had
we
walked
far in silence it
so
I said
anything;what, indeed,
In the lightof things,
I see
as
it was
the very best beginningI
Are
happy in
you
She looked
round
understand
how
can
"
Ireland?
"
said I.
quickly.From
that question
must
at
me
odd
stranger I
utter
an
have
seemed.
fullof
timidity.I
theysounded
far-offcorridor of
had
to
This
old house.
an
is my
of
way
describing
I heard
to
the
to
answer
them.
"
No
ran
almost
to
whispertoo.
"
mean
dislike Ireland.
said.
I
Are
swear
her.
you
that.
voice
You
happy
You're
never
see
it.
said it in
As
as
"
meant
what
in Ireland?"
if I had not
sure
No
run
away.
But
THE
344
because I
"
simpleand
so
was
it. It took
to
will seldom
you
must
admit
to
and
never
their appearance,
could have
found
ling
myselfmarvel-
know
well,it was
emotion
any
will
so
but what
they confess
an
few
it
it left
moments
believed it possible
that she
have
mind
all through my
"
there
"
was
unhappy
come
cause
not
that, and
as
bitter
of it.
asked, at length.
teners
though there might be lis-
as
from.
It's all so
I know
brightin Dominica.
to-day but it's so different."
the
sun
"
White
black dresses.
For
said I.
difference,"
"
So do
Why
justone
frightenedher
that I had
sure
so
it did
"
so
the
were
you
the sudden
in silence. I could
me
was
unhappy?"
She looked nervously
about her
everywhere.
makes
What
But there
againstthose who
resentment
happy, indeed, I
was
on
gone
For
Had
me.
violent
so
no
truth.
It
not.
was
total stranger.
It disarmed
is
she
ingenuousness,
for,as
to
justice
"
she
me
by surprise.I
completely
so
perhaps
too,
stillutterly
unpreparedto hear her confess
was
me
her
at
God,
it well,I
knew
the chance of
whispered by
justspoke out
It
FORUM
too
much;
but
perhaps it was
that
only with curiosity
veil. Of
heart
"
as
we
"
set
beatingstraightaway.
What
do
walked
I know
you
about
my
satin dress?"
she asked,
again.
on
a
know
to
me
the
ment
mo-
"
but
are
"
Well, I
want
you
to
read this
I went
letter,"
"
on.
Don't
THE
346
FORUM
CHAPTER
XII
days have run by, and only that I have had no word
Clarissa,I have scarcelybeen conscious of their passing.
Three
from
Three
days,and
month
the
have
we
wonderful
most
such
grass,
sea
of
was
the
on
spread far
out
of heat which
that haze
slopesof
throwing back
quicksilver,
It
sun.
out
grows
as
have
we
more
derful
won-
justpassed;
lark this
month,
new
month
July,August, September
I watched
through which
than that
even
into
come
the
brightlightof
sea-
whole
a
ous
gloriin
the horizon
makes
tuft of thick
the line of
to
June,
full of mystery.
so
of
the
gullswere crooshting,
filling
distance with their hunger-cries
into the
as theyflungthemselves
mile
from
out
shore
mass
melee
from
see
in their midst,
onlyfeed
the surface.
upon
eat
in the fashionable
the
people who
reminded
restaurants, who
able
are
He
food
"
She
was
lyingback
She
on
she answered
That's
Of
pockets and
match-sellers and
for
pay
the flower-
the
been
her.
of heather
Her
roots.
eyes
fore,
thereasleep. I said it softly,
She
did
not
open
me.
a
who
man
it may
course,
I uttered them.
eats
too
read my
thinkingshe did
"
bed
might have
than
five
Bellwattle.
closed.
"
have
peoplewho
meals a day;
pering
beggars outside are whistheir hunger cries like the gullsupon the surface.
I've come
to the conclusion that I don't like the cormorant,"
I said to
were
gullscould
of the
me
to
the
not
"
said she.
thoughts before
it. It
was
better
know.
"
That's
Sit up a minute.
why I don't like him," said I.
You can see one there in that crowd of gulls. He keeps diving
down and gorginghimself in the underground grill-roomwhile
all those poor
wretches
are
on
shivering
the
pavement."
GARDEN
THE
RESURRECTION
OF
347
lookingat me in amazement.
quickly,
said she.
about?
Whatever
are
you talking
That
cormorant," I replied in the midst of those
gulls."
who ate too much."
But I thoughta cormorant
a man
was
She
sat up
"
"
"
"
"
"
So he is
he's
"
"
But
"
bird
call those
we
It would
make
meditation,she
saw
difference if you
called them
English
and
rabbit
well."
billy-divers."
no
gentlemen,"said I.
She began to try
as
on
sitting
of her
ant-hill,
brushingits
an
nose.
"
Look
"
there's
rabbit,"she whispered.
there's another
"
to
I wonder
Well
and
finger,
of what
she
I expect there
"
are
onlysees
she said.
bound
"
said I.
It's the
The
nature
be mother
to
woman
to
be
hundreds,"
of the beast."
I" she
creatures
"
there
"
in twos?
"
heart
his
enough there
sure
I admitted
"
Why,
on.
it is permissible,"
I began, " for
why
talk in hundreds
"
at
rabbits.
two
were
Look
"
of theml
hundreds
further
"
"
it in her
exclaimed,suddenlyfinding
all of them.
unto
"
The
roots
once
more
and
at
that
moment
the
I,too, laydown
behind my
step, up
every
that
upon
breath,in-taken
song of
praise.Up
then,like
my
fountain
or
out-spent,he
into the
with
ceaselessly
poured forth
his tireless
THE
348
FORUM
our
tillwe
ears
drenched
were
in it.
"
I wonder
who
low
betaught him," said Bellwattle,
presently,
her breath.
'
Surelythere's
"
no
be one's self.
to
If
could make
man
his
littlechained
grandlyas
it
to
"
he
that without
Bellwattle looked
which
could
do
something
round
at
me.
There
qualityin her
talks seriously
to her,
one
it literally,
too.
is
"
"
There
are
"What
u
"
some
men
is
"
she asked.
know," said I,
do, then?"
Among other things,be contented."
Why don't you live like that,then?
shank
as
beingtaught."
trulyengaging. Whenever
takes it seriously.
She takes
Would
he be able to singlike that?
she
simplyand
as
"
wouldn't."
who
could he
does.
care
"
she asked.
if the house
"
fell
Cruikto
the
ground to-morrow."
"
So
I suggested.
long as his garden was not destroyed,"
It's
No, he wouldn't mind if his garden was ruined,too.
making a garden he likes. Buildinghis nest afresh,I suppose.
"
There's
He's
a
"
spellit? S-i-g-h-t?
It can be speltthat way," said I.
she continued.
I should have spelt
Well, it'svery silly,"
the g-h for. But that's what
itc-i-t-e. Can't see what theywant
he'd do anyhow
look out for a site for his garden, the very
next
day."
And if you were
shipwreckedwith him," I asked, what
site?
How
do you
"
"
"
"
11
would
"
you
do?
"
"
Would
"
Most
Little
monkeys
"
"
she
inquired.
"
I should
be
all
right. Besides,there's
When
Cruikshank.
for
"
to
sea,
do
so
"
CHAPTER
found
dangerousto
Then
a
peep
it becomes
Such
when
hedge of
his
garden and,
I have
no
in every philosophy,
which it is
over
curtain which it is unwise to pullaside.
"
but
not of philosophy,
question,
mind, but of spirit.
moments
Fear
the
over
hedge
these
as
edly
undoubt-
as
of
not
question
contentment
XIII
has looked up
moment,
one
sky
covetousness
for
to
set out
was
Cruikshank
I."
me.
over
stealing
Bellwattle,grudging them
their secret of things,
won
of
sense
was
once."
me
I
and
"
He
"
sweet
and
a city,
building
all the flowers are going to live. It's like
making the whole world over again."
in little
beingGod
349
talks about it as if he
where
out
RESURRECTION
making
he's
anything.He
make
we
OF
GARDEN
THE
of
to
hunger,so well
in at the
comes
bound
are
door, then
and,
come;
it has
as
it be said of this
may
out
of courage;
of the window
flies
philosophy.
all
Notwithstanding
I should
his
have
ever
habits
quietand retiring
of
other afternoon
littlesquare
rose
sundial.
I have
found
garden, Cruikshank
When
'
Yes
I told him
"
shown
between
to
so
me
brave
was
dener,
gar-
man
heart within
now.
layasleepon
by dwarf
his
he had
as
I know
"
myself,for though it is in
would
have
never
shown
it to
me.
about my discovery
he said:
it'squitenice,but it has a feeling
of sadness
'Sadness!"
spot in the
I exclaimed.
garden."
"Why
it's almost
the sunniest
FORUM
THE
350
He
nodded
that,but
littledog
"
his head.
we
Yes
yes,"said he,
"
I know
all
small littlechap
"
"
that
"
one
"
be said of him.
I found
him
being beaten by
tinker in the
as
would
forget to thank
never
littlebusiness with
me
the tinker.
quiteoriginal. He
put his
day
every
His
two
method
paws
up,
gratitudewas
scratchingat
me
till
if one
surprised
day he
"
am
Only
few months
killed him
fancythat
in the
He
ago.
village.He
obliged.'
quiteyoung.
was
afraid of
was
Much
ass."
"
'
said
actually
had
car
motor-
motor-cars.
justgot
the very
the
It
was
out.
language!
Malaprop
Indeed
in
gone
mad
I could
suffered too.
no
was
minute.
The
She
out
like
struggled
him.
I could
saving,
car
stoppedfurther
me.
all over
people got
Bellwattle's
poured
round
arm
my
devil with
that.
"
him
to
on
and had
round the corner,
Youghal. The car came
held her,Bellwattle would have been under the wheels of it.
the road
see
when
how
matter
she
waitingfor
wrath, never
theycame,
but
word,
letting
those^
Imagine Mrs.
somethinglike that."
thought of them.
with rage.
It
pictureit.
easily
was
I know
what
she
must
have
GARDEN
THE
"
you
don't
affection for
glad I
RESURRECTION
I suppose
And
OF
the sundial?
she hadn't
Dandy, why
stand
under-
can
to
care
351
dog of her
I'm
own.
asked her."
never
time I got
next
an
"
him
there the
and
"
littledial of brass
above
sun
its hours
beats out
of the gnome
the shadow
"
him
I think I have
gravestone.
seldom
sundial is
across
come
ling
round, travel-
turns
upon
the
upon
noble
secrated
trulycon-
more
And
that I
there,stretched
that wakened
was
She
hedge.
upon
of grass,
that littlestrip
other afternoon.
Bellwattle's voice it
me.
to
talking
was
out
Cruikshank
garden
twice in the
seat
on
sia
the other side of the fuch-
is there under
the
nut
trees, where
once
or
warm
"
"
what
"
Even
"
"
"
Well
you
"
know
what
"
Is it bad?
'
No."
'Then
began to
You're
depressed?"
feel the
from my eyes.
I had remembered
sleepclearing
that sudden glimpseof Cruikshank
between the curtains
I should
only a few nightsbefore. Another moment,
have been sitting
that I was
within
out to them
up and calling
but sleepwas
there stillin every muscle of my
hearing;
body.
said Cruikshank.
P'rapsI am depressed,"
"
"What
"
You,
There
about?"
my
was
dear."
such
caress
or
laid his
own
upon
am
sure
he
her shoulder
must
as
he
THE
352
"
be
I'm all
Me?
Because
"
right,"said Bellwattle.
should you
Why
"
depressedabout me?
"
FORUM
I may
imagine you'renot happy. Of course
be all wrong.
I may
fool of myself,
be making a consummate
but it'sbeen growing in my mind every day that
that
"
"
"
That
what
to sneeze
that
"
said Bellwattle,and I
justpreparing
do something in the conventional order of things
or
There
followed
It seemed
as
You
fellow.
sterling
Of
to
flirtation.
anythingin it,I
out
"
"
replied.
I haven't
togetheralone and I
He's a good fellow too
a
a
lot
"
Probably you
wish
You
see
live with.
He
sees
All I
more
I'm
outsider.
an
you.
of lifethan I do
be
must
I should understand
dull
he's got
"
And
stand
I wouldn't
I suppose
have
neither of you
you'dtell me.
way.
anythingelse.
to
talk about.
to
laugh
in your
of
and
me,
Don't
course
thing as
if there's
dog
go
dreamed
to
she.
turn
out
"
to you.
unbearablydrawn
long
how
know
not
mother
"
know
of Bellairs,"
Cruikshank.
replied
of silence. I do
space
was
more
talk of
it
"
know."
I dared
not
by
move
this.
If I could have
crawled
but there
without
to
So I turned
sleepagain;but that
word
when
"
"
You'd
was
over
out
and
shut my
of the
let
in that
"
question.I
tried
heard
steps
footto
go
every
replied.
go?" she said.
me
you
happy," he replied.
answer,
in the very
tone
this generous
eyes
was
Bellwattle
If it made
And
the
that.
my
away
of
spirit
renunciation.
won
to
arrive
at
THE
354
dial,I heard
on
FORUM
cheek.
my
It
his hind
upon
"
him
I took
Dandy.
was
"
Look
at
indeed as his
into mine, as steadily
gazed steadily
would permit.
How
long did it take you to know me
attitude
eyes
"
that you
He
him
ugly I
forgot how
in my
like
arms
laughed; then
"
"
You're
good fella,"said
I.
"
CHAPTER
that I could
I knew
guessed I was in
of climbingto
incapable,
this;what is more,
save
his release
on
love.
damn
far wrong
It is
the summit
good fella."
so
like
other conclusion
foothold
no
but
from
woman,
in love?
am
to
God, I
Thank
rudiments
mere
for
jecture
con-
Bellwattle has
as
would
acquiredby dint of perseveringcuriosity,
that I
They
woman.
of any
I said Bell-
when
possible.
seems
Who
You're
XIV
be very
not
wattle had
the
taking
quarantinein Odessa.
from
are
I stood up,
done
I had
justas
baby
"
was?
shook
well
so
of
that I
taken
the
Women
is true,
Why
that
then
should
I be
no
of
well indeed
me
thought of
moreover,
need
know
must
such tender
to
trouble.
in
utterly
so
understanding. I know
Cruikshank.
theycan come
am
ugly. It
not
am
imagine
ever
as
me
to
has
woman
such
forget
fool
ever
as
to
over
that
statement
of hers,true
as
it is,there
comes
she stretched
round
my
almost
No
"
out
her
wrist.
Had
seemed
I do
not
Anyhow,
so.
arm
she
Then
understand
she is wrong
and
held her
forgottenhow
fingersfor
ugly I
why
women
in the least.
was
to
an
instant
then?
It
Cruikshank?
am
not
in
"
It
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
with
not
was
355
this
love, when
morning
the
down
came
"
no
what
that the
sightof
it is,justas I
land
had
answer
is quiteenough
Bellwattle knew
the
gardento
But there
me.
no
her
not
may
but
answer;
racing.
from.
she
as
lightest
Her
ner,
man-
brought it down
was
not
woman,
it
start
of the
were
He
me.
a-beating
come
well whom
to
his heart
ignorantof
was
to
sets
this letter
more
know
"
Ahead!
"Land
the cleverest,
can
even
shut
out
am
in
love,and there is
no
to
more
be
said about
it.
of
"
"
"
From
the littleinvalid?
to her
obediently
voice.
"
am
so
sure
I did
eyebrowslifted
not
justthen.
I hid my
'
How
smile,however,
"
funny!
nice,isn'tshe?
"
as
I nodded
she continued.
"
my
head.
THE
356
God
"
FORUM
"
she's
man
continued.
"
Most
women
She shook
her
I wonder
to
why
inspiresuch
to
men
derful.
quitewon-
was
eye
Cruikshank
it is in
what
think I know
has done
engaged
was
that,"said I.
are
smile
as
thousand
littlethingsto
that.
she
day
pleasehim.
"
"
"
Did
"
"
ten
What
does
minutes?"
she tellhim
in
anythingabout
tell an
woman
utter
"Well, I
stranger,"said she.
to
take
does
"
ten
"
swear
of that what
matter
years?
She glanced at me
sharply.
Not much, certainly,
to an
utter
I
ing?
even-
it,"said I,
"
that
How
even
Clarissa before.
met
after
long have
ten
man
years
been married
you
to
"
Cruikshank?
"
Seven."
"
And
forehead.
It did
about.
This
not
was
to
Clarissa's
direction.
out
no
of
She
my
wonder
talk
moment
was
the hand
and
was
leading
struggled,
utterlyunexpected
assistance had
set
off in
an
was
sight.No
the
to
hoped that
story. To
gentlyby
most
lead
she had
name,
free,and with
she wanted
all what
at
not
wonder
I smiled.
she
was
bring it
THE
GARDEiN
back
again into
RESURRECTION
OF
the
path
argument with
Now, force is no
where
She
then
else fails;
everything
of it when
into
it.
use
tears
or
more
are
onlymakes
she breaks
tillthe clouds
of her anger
she needed
most
woman.
357
are
Cruikshank's
not
women
Well
there
"
was
"
But
Cruikshank
told you
garden. Or
"
her
ever
I think you
met."
from
sword, of
it before
understands
she
understand
for
me
course,
It
ever.
placedit in
flowers,"she
women
hands.
my
went
"
on,
and
I'm
"
sorry
perhaps you
"
read
to
want
your
ter
let-
"
That
wait," said I.
can
each
theyare
secured
about
"
victorygone
my
delivering
up of
sharpenedher dagger on
At
I've
man
much
knows
length.
at
the
was
who
person
in any
to
all.
at
victory
"
it hard
I found
moment,
to
Up
grass-sodand
of
stone
moss
where
grew
and ladder
littlecottage
I'd
a
sooner
the
see
cottage."
excellent lie,we
most
smiled
off throughthe
boreen, banked
narrow
company
set
"
garden.
each side by low walls of
on
violets and primrosesin the
fern,we
made
our
way
to
shank's
Cruik-
in
sound of it as
sonorous
on
it,that
soon
the
it swells upon
the rocks
sibilantnote, which
grows
do
place. So swiftly
your
you hear
no
sound
comes
to
your
and grows
into the
become
attuned
ears
motive
THE
358
FORUM
playingon
had
We
when
walked
Bellwattle
that
above
rose
"
That's
the
place,"said
the wind
far away
and
drivinga
was
of
out
gorse
view
roof
It
the
was
only
into the
hollow
below.
near
of horses
white
glittering
there.
kestrel hawk
along the
team
there followed
wake
it from
at
above
exchanginga word,
she.
looked
it,dipping down
High
ever
habitation within
around
is for
stringand reed.
distance without
some
man
instruments of
Nature
of
mass
hungry sea-birds,
ing
tosspaper pieces
in the wind.
"Is
it
always like
Always."
"
What
is out!
grand?
brave blast of
Sound
thousand
of
as
the gorse
said she.
be like
is all in blossom, it'll
silver trumpets
"
purple. What
I shook
my
head
sound
and
"
has that?
is serious.
;
You're
askingme
than I
more
can
tellyou," said I.
You'll hear
listen well
A
to
"
that gorse
when
Why,
the heather
And
mood
will be when
yellowthere
"
in her
presently. "Always
"
mass
I asked
"
"
"
no
and
this?"
see
one's
came
the heather
ears.
of it in your
own
I'm
of instruments.
heart if you
enough."
pensivelook
deep warm
note
"
note
She
in bloom,
to
hear
thought she
in the heart
she turned
to
me
trying
of her that*
was
playsinto
denly
endeavoringnothing of the kind; for sudme
and, in the most
ingenuous way in the
why
I had
never
married.
THE
"
In the
GARDEN
"
of Godl
name
RESURRECTION
OF
359
said
do with
to
it?"
"
ought
You
have
to
'
If
women
"
"
"
"
Now, how
Cruikshank?
understand
is
to
one
give it up.
I shall make
what
she said
further effort
no
to
to
her.
there
was
gate.
Its rusty
hinges
I swung it open
that air which is a
Then we were
part of the great symphony we hear all round us.
the springysea-turf was
out in the open
fields;
bendingbeneath
whistled the liltof
feet. Far
our
wound
on
themselves
air
an
and
as
away
the
to
"
the
of the coast-line
rugged curves
sleepy
headland
For a moment
sea.
dippingits nose into the glittering
the sheep turned their heads to look at us, then,moving
or
two
wanderingsteps,theycontinued their browsing.
away with slowly
It was
here I stood stillagain. The kestrel had dropped
down the wind and was
vanished out of sight. Only the gulls
the blue radiance
were
left,
sweepingtheir endless circlesagainst
of the sky. Here and there a frightened
sand-martin,darting
hurried over
the edge of the cliffto his
swiftly
throughthe light,
home, as though he knew a hawk were
at hand.
near
After
'
is the
"
I turned to Bellwattle.
long silence,
This is where to live,"I said, fair weather
"
onlysort
What
'
of
placeto
and
foul,this
riddle?"
Of
you
remember.
'
breaks,it'sthe world
Remember
you;
'
is the word.
listen to the
drawing in
sea
"
every
its breath.
Listen
time
to
a
Pavements
sometimes
to
that
wave
and
think
THE
360
talk
FORUM
each other
to
but how
"
they talk
can
long,the whole
"But
round.
year
But
on
"
shouldn't
Why
too
garden instead
I'm
sure
I had
the
restingon
"
day
again.
arm
my
rooms
"
the whole
be
to
Is the cottage
four
live in that
"
"
the seal
at
what?"
remember
and
if
of Cruikshank.
Things would
theywould. Why
temerityto lay my
is it not
hand
on
the
could make
in that hollow
grow
be
to
It has
year?
you?
thought of?
hers, which
"
stillwas
arm.
my
Cruikshank
"
it,"said I;
does
ten
forgot-
you
"
"
Forgotten what?
"
'
It is
But the
it was
said
to me,
see
within her
nothing.
"
Now
'
do you understand
Why I find company
different
people who
them
make
on.
up
for
I have
me.
and
the
restaurants
my
are
make
over
of life in
sometimes.
You
a
you
some
of my
The
They
when
the band
best I
B. C.
shop
know;
or
any
A.
at
all
are
plays
"
mustn't
over
that's
lunch time."
ness
busi-
whole
"
littletheatres.
they
city.Certainly
Punch
is very much
like a
and Judy ' show.
it up at the corner
of any street you like. When
I'll take you round
if ever
to London
you do
"
"
added,
'
set
Nearly
up
restaurants.
or
only resources
theatres
tinued.
con-
humanityin crowds?
and
by. Sometimes,"
pass
"
I live in London?
why
morning
every
look
to
man
at me
as
for
good
not
She looked
power.
"
You
can
you
corner
and
show
the
one
place.
of the
THE
362
FORUM
CHAPTER
of course,
Now,
husband
about me,
with
that I know
what
I view Cruikshank
that he
moreover,
XV
Bellwattle has
in
imagineshe knows
told her
my
looking at me with
expressionthat is humorous, too, as though he found
meaning in every word I said.
same
"
me.
This
place suits
he
appetite,"
your
I put away
morning, at breakfast,when
and fell to work
"
upon
sunrise.
to
not
be
has made
experience
but at
philosopher,
or
such tricks
as
that.
least I manage
to
the
fancies
to
throw
So I
them
It appears
out,
thought it would
he
course,
for the
rather
were
add
is
of
matter
fancymyselfthat
that way,
at
Moxon
he in love.
nor
am
all,wherefore
glad of it.
plate?
to
likes them
said
once
to
him."
at
to
at
taste
that
theywas
nicer
to
him that
which
sentimentalist,
that,is Dandy.
would
Moxon
the present
I would
"
eat
alive.
He
pickedup
sir,"said Moxon,
fancymyself,sir,that theymust
Of
biscuits on
two
the hall.
across
if to make
As
his
it
when
my
begun in that
the plate.
disliking
threw
Dandy,
he
and replied
reproach most excellently,
fashion,but that Dandy had shown signsof
took
had
and
from
"
"
starvation
to
disapproved.
"
Moxon
as
I may
that.
It is he who
in the hall.
firstI had
At
to
away
Heaven,
for Moxon
moment
Thank
deepestpassionnever
comes
waste
me
prosaicfor
too
me
be done
whose
caught
You
cannot
any
the other
porridge-dish
empty
at
hidden
remarked
my
cunning
go
But
breakfast
in
with
"
well, I
weight a bit,
neither built
am
martyr
way."
ther,
not; nei-
am
Moxon
down
Now,
moment
to
any
anyone
passion
and be
I do
not
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
think I have
felt so
ever
twelve o'clock
imaginedit would
have
to
excuse
escape
be at
veil
which, indeed,it is
have
said I know
hour
will
see
am
meeting is to be at
thought of her coming, I
Our
all my
night,when
the Miss
from
an
she
found
might have
to
me
see
alone.
"
In
midday.
"
in all my
appetite
waitingfor Fridayto
keen
I
life as
363
me
Bellwattle
as
to
sees
notice such
I leave it on
the knees
are
well
me,
an
as
but
"
quicknessof
the
when
the firstmoment
me
her eyes
dim
not
every
absurd
and
even
that
at
such
perception.She
woman
morbid
has
seen
an
will
since
me
sensitiveness induced
will she
things.And then
of the implacable
gods.
"
listen to
me
Something tells me that I have not set out upon the wild
errand of my journeyfor nothing. For so far do I believe in
definitepurpose
that what we do, havingwithin us some
Destiny,
is ordained to a certain end. Some end, it may be,
to accomplish,
of conception;
is impossible
to our
but a
as
so foreign
thoughts,
definitepurpose will alwaysbe a weapon
in the hand of Fate to
achieve a definitevictory.I onlypray that mine may be what I
have hoped of it. I only pray that the result of my adventure
of that littlespirit
in prisonto her home
in
may be the return
the burningheart of the sun.
I was
up earlythis morning, for it is Friday,the day I have
been waiting
for. The sun beat down upon my face and woke me
before it was
six o'clock. It was
then as I laythere,with my eyes
half closed,that the sound of a far voice shoutingon the cliffs
It was
came
but not
dimly to my ears.
insistent,
arresting,
I neither moved
head nor
enough to stir me.
opened my
my
I
but
listened,
sleepily
eyes;
wonderingwhat it was.
below in the garden rose
a voice from
Presently
compellingly
to my
4
open
window.
Bellairs ! come
got the
nets
down
! There
are
sprats in the
bay
"
out."
they've
no
more.
There
to
make
was
him
THE
FORUM
thingson,"
said
364
11
me
some
quick as
as
I
to
Shove
with him
was
I'llshow
can.
you
he,
in
and
and
the
you
moment,
"
we
along with
come
sightof
life."
your
were
hurryingalong
look
at
the cliffs.
u
Where's
"
In the
Ever
good. She
seen
"
"
I"
followed
silence that
in that exclamation
if he had
filled my
opened
eyes wide
my
"
"
When
"
spoke
The
till suddenlyhe
imagination,
"
"
he
it.
broke
her.
sprats?
sightof it than
for the
more
head.
my
Lord
My
things.
these
them
sees
and
come
centres, that
nerve
no
haul of
I shook
I asked.
Bellwattle?"
that
do I take
as
and
a
to
take
laughed.
"
fact?
said I.
"
possession?
Next
year."
laughed again.
"Well
approve?
u
do you
what
"
think about
the
delighted.You must
garden. Only suggest here and
can
be done
"
"
Do
you
let
help you
me
there.
I know
to
make
justwhat
with it."
"
But do you
exclaimed.
She
said I.
"
I shall be
'
it?"
says
reallybelieve
I suppose
so.
that I
going to
am
she knows
what
she's
talking
about."
"
"
She
Yes"
Now
is not
said
"
so
"
seriously?
quite."
what
in the
of Heaven
name
does
she mean?
She*
talking.I
have been out with her on the cliffswhen, for long stretches,
she has been silent,
and that,not for want
of thingsto say, but
one
because
of those
there have
women
not
who
been
words
good enough
to
say
them
GARDEN
THE
year I
next
"
RESURRECTION
when
mean
365
that
she tellsCruikshank
am
"
Don't
remembered
to
does she
what
Then
with.
OF
me
not
was
breathe
to
I've
of it
word
just
you."
it is really
true,
Then
thinks of it
of
as
some
far
so
as
she is concerned.
definite event
that
She
really
take
will ultimately
exceed
place.Upon my soul,the wiles and ways of women
of my imagination.I had told her it was
out
steepestflights
the question;
she declares to Cruikshank it is a certain fact.
However, there
had
come
up
was
no
time
to
about it then.
wonder
the
of
We
with the
bendingfrom
their wooden
stroke.
every
It is
stentorian command
it is this
theymay
hours
"
have
I have
tranquil
waters,
above them
whose
this,this
is the
stands
most
them
the
isthat
men
dozinglazilyat
one
man
hours
in the
watchman, the
of
power
of
moment
of him who
which
moment
rowlocks
their
bay.
lyingidlyon
For
the
high
village
while
oars,
alone in allthe
for hours
keen eye can follow the passage of the school
they will wait in easy idleness as he sits there on guard about
"
that fill
THE
366
But
he is
tremble.
when
Another
gutturalGaelic
crushed
not
in his vigil
comes
to
instant and
the
the cliffsabove
out
put
from
strainingback
are
rises at the
water
makes
he is upon
the
With
to
giantwalls of rock,
the
moment
mighty sweeps
nose
and
the
to
In
begin to twitch
in swift obedience
and
sea,
reechoes from
the shore.
moment
waves,
the
ever.
his feet,shoutingin
men
of his face
the muscles
orders from
the
FORUM
as
of
she
of those
speed, while in the stern there stands one
swarthy fishermen, heaving overboard the coils and coils of
dusky nets that sink down and away into the green water, leaving
her
cork
floating
mark
to
have bound.
That
is
of the whole
then
And
the
themselves
then!
moment
net
world
might
is thrown
when
moment
at
last.
thing be done.
Without*
delaythey set
haul it in.
to
Cruikshank
not
was
far wrong.
It
was
May
awake.
the time
By
we
reached
Every
leapingfrom
were
there had
man
the
water
to
the
oar
like
nets
that still
on
sea
ever
scarce
was
to
water
confined
so
space
that
strange, barbaric
splashwent
"
sightI shall
down
the
the
even
the business
let this
to
cease
it seems
song
one
of the fishermen
below
his breath.
giantmetronome,
sang
Splash
beatingthe pulse
his song.
And
sea.
metal!
the
How
Again
brightgreen
and
of
lower
into
glittering
and
My
seen.
eyes
of such
glory of
the
only colors
It is over
367
riches
were
silver,they seemed
and
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
I have
as
emerald
"
never
emerald
in the world.
All
soon.
too
soon
the
nets
back
barges of silver
toiling
bullion to their littlemarket-place
by the pier. And then those
of the sea, the shrieking,
hungry gulls
white-winged
scavengers
the spot where
God
has given
left to mark
all that are
are
one
mighty handful of His treasure for the needs of men.
I stood there for a moment
watchingthem as they flung
are
shaken
and
out
the boats go
"
"
of silver which
had
"
swoop
it shooting
down,
an
dived.
We
into the
light,
unfathomable depthsof green.
Deeper and deeperit went until
itwas
but a twinkling
silver point,
then the shadows swayed over
saw
it and it was
"
I have
I looked
1
gone.
acquitted
myself,"said Cruikshank.
at him for explanation.
shall be able
to
if I saved
me
CHAPTER
the
it were
intuition
change."
XVI
garden.
Now, whether
of the sprats.
any
It was
of
of
or
no,
littletinkling
chime
as
I stood
cannot
out
guess,
in
but
THE
368
that
at
moment
FORUM
Bellwattle
came
to
me,
gloves.
"
Come
the cliffs,"
said she, " and
round
have
another look
at
"
Will
it look
She shook
different
any
"
I asked.
to-day?
her head.
"
Justthe same."
Do you think,then, I shall be
it again?
"
inclined to take it if I
more
"
see
"
hopes of that.
to
easy
"
"
get
You
real
mind, it'snot
your
destination."
said I.
determination,"
mean
to
said
I felt my
be amused.
laughed with
sides
in it. In mine
as
mine.
I to have
"
the grass.
groaned.
"
Well, what
"
You
"
I suppose
"
is it?
"
to say
she
laughterwas
was
said then?
Oh, don't!
wanted
you'd have
There
"
not
of query
the whole-hearted
was
ought
upon
she knew
somethingvery funny.
hilarious
What
shaking. Bless
I suppose
too.
me
quiteso
up
I haven't any
she had
down
make
you
alter your
to
you
"
laughed; but
I expect when
I asked leave
"
"
It's quitepossible,"
she
she
went
ought to
on,
have
while I
said
"
sat
terfoil."
coun-
said I.
cried,helplessly.
"
I replied; and
counterpart,"
even
then
been
wrong."
I think English is a ridiculous language,"she declared,at
which we laughed all over
to the
again. Well, will you come
"
"
in the eyes.
I'm
to
my
straightly
can't,"said I.
not?"
"Why
"
rose
going out."
"Where?"
She
saw
me
for
apologizing
"
You
pause,
her
mustn't
I suppose,
for the
inquisitiveness.
said I,
apologize,"
"
next
I'm
instant she
your
guest.
was
It's
THE
370
beautiful;there is
more
the dim
the
forests of the
FORUM
thousand
long
alive that
day.
sometimes
who
Clarissa.
beneath
There
in his way
There
is
everything
It is only you
morning
seemed
touch of
added
an
and
Dandy
as
set
out
to
meet
did
I should
forty-three,
have
jumped them
Dandy and me
no
was
that
were
than mine, it
strenuous
more
we
none
In the
ready
yourselfhow
alive.
always'
everythingis
forgettingbetween
alive. If his expressionof it was
was
hops, piping,in
wren
tell
you
in
feet.
my
been
grasses.
of mystery
more
dead.
are
I felt that
So
not
But
times
breaking buds
bloom
to
the
upon
clusteringsea-pinks
in the
of gorse,
of rock, in
unapproachablepinnacles
of the
All the
from
that
freshened
I
me.
horror which
mother
has
clutched
it
is
"
Dandy that
Clarissa
might
had
say
"
forgot that I
to
"
ugly.
since I
me
disfigured
that
was
was
I returned from
maid
into the
littlechild and my
lation
the iso-
stand
should under-
turned
her
eyes
to
Apollo
of perfection
qualities
physical
firstshe
It had
gone
utterly
forgotthat pitted
those headlands.
round
I had
Belvedere
me
For
ward.
But
felt it before.
never
from
gone
I have
apprehensionof what
"
me
breeze
day as
me
saw
surface of that
been
the
My
heart
was
as
bent
GARDEN
THE
OF
force
to
cannot
cure
associate with
to
me
at
about me
thingsto women
ease.
By jumping from one
to
set up
Lie
over
thoughthe
within
was
because he does
learnt
to
of
says
he endeavors
us,
had
he
at
times it
the few
married
me
moment
It
success.
he has
is,I know,
realize my physical
and, no
disqualifications
often I tellhim that I am
an
uglydevil,he has never
how
matter
very
tail'swag
have
enemies
ill
absolutely
which, while
but the
"
feel
me
binger,
har-
he has tried
embarrassingto
me,
if he could
alwaysmy
I detest,and
the other of
is very
acquaintance.He would
ladies of my
thousand times
"
to
is
of number
out
make
as
371
friends and
to
adoration
of mutual
be distasteful to
not
may
current
He
whom
men
such
her.
meet
of welcome
carryingmessages
alike. I
RESURRECTION
not
believe it yet.
had
returned
"
to
There's
my
side.
in
nose
her direction.
'
been
He
I know
"
many
human
moment
back
I
over
sudden
my
later,I feltthat
my
I had been
a
spoken
to
her first.
in my voice,as quickas
he heard it then, he
when
heels and
shoulder and in
to
talking
her and
have
tones
being. Wherefore,
reached
must
trotted
along behind
me.
unreasonable,so I looked
cheeryway
the
"
THE
372
FORUM
us
Clarissa's side.
She
stillwith
I did
think
even
I felt
me.
not
it came
wearing
was
so
to
quiteeasily
"
This
myself and
be relieved.
to
of
sure
When
adventure
my
the
down
below.
must
Your
feet
down
this narrow
XVII
place of
steep cliffside
the
be
meeting there is
our
the feet of
as
sure
to
It
that
was
we
"
and
sun
will dream
never
of your
rugged
table of rock
goat when
up above
hand,
adventure."
pathway, winding
venture
that
"
is quitean
far from
day was
myselfsaying
CHAPTER
Not
the
to
me
of
spirit
once
you
have
you
sit there
may
existence.
said I.
"
I don't
to
trust
want
you
herself
to
get
into trouble."
The
descent
I remember
gone
Now
ever.
I started
journey six
show
us
how
times
easy
or
meet
the
was
with
its way.
come
Clarissa,showed
it
me
animal
an
way
adventure
Dandy
romance
me,
a
go
gave
doing
us,
The
as
me
It
asked
He
it was
adventure
shy and
of
we
me
tions
ques-
no
should know
The
with him.
sense
buccaneer,the
veins.
granted
mind
in my
timid voice, did not
highwayman.
in my
tingling
surprisethat
no
belong to
daring of
before
went
over;
situation may
about
the footholds
it was.
It is wonderful
whatsoever
almost
out
slowlyfirst,
pointing
disappearover
Bellwattle
sight,I
of
out
saw
though
it looked;
difficultas
quiteso
not
was
very
great
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
373
to our
came
we
"
"
direction
eyes in every
"
said
Now,"
at once.
"
I, when
we
seated,
were
we
talk here
can
It was
Dandy
there
an
did
offer
not
stretched
it to
warm
sea,
then
then.
us
matters
Even
told him
simplylay,therefore,fullhad warmed
it,inviting
upon the rock where the sun
him in turn.
And all that time I keptlookingat the
at Dandy, then back once
at her, lastly
to the
more
be
to
was
smooth
to
between
came
He
jumping.
no
sea.
She
in folds from
as
if I had known
she
sat
beside
her
me
seeinga woman,
skirtand a pairof boots
meetingthat
me
at
last I broke
"
the
"
I'm
"
'
But
no
Are
you
Quite
She
"
You
as
not
it may
it
cliffs,
the
silence,
askingher
out
the
sun
will see
one
sure?
you
her face.
hat and
veil,
of her
meant
was
on
our
ill-sufficient
for
was
leaningforward,
If anyone
saw
me
and
nervous
are
but
why?
you
so
afraid
of
interlacing
I afraid of them?"
"
here."
"
Why
sure.
are
to
then,as
even
seen
have
with it;so,
content
mind
Fennells."
began
"Am
and, much
falling
in my
afraid,"she answered.
so
at.
was
ever
nothingbut
look
to
can't shut
Surelyyou
black veil
It seemed
had I
cliffs,
have
to
firstnightupon
Indeed,I
now.
hat.
straw
those wild
on
heavy
so
It is not
a
with that
appeared so strange
"
she
her
of the Miss
fingers.
asked, ingenuously.
nells?"
Fen-
THE
374
'
them
owe
they'd be
angry
FORUM
so
much
if
they knew
they'vebeen
"
I had
good
so
been
to
And
me.
without
my
whispers,as
you
seen
veil."
"
"
should
Why
they be angry?
myself speaking to her again
I found
should
Why
She
in hesitation
Because
"
Know
"
That
people would
what?
"
matter
those firstfew
away
been
blown
at
repeated.
her fingers.
"
know
"
imagery of
have
mean
much
so
God!
The
known
ever
out.
they be angry?
glanceddown
"
I have
the
"
in
to
blackest
white.
were
in each
who
us
other
ness
black-
or
the
see
woman
that
man
matters.
"
Take
let
and
makes
me
I don't want
see.
wondered
find you
to
Take
a
white person
it more
than I.
old women,
human
one
by
why
at
Those
anger.
"
it
"
difference to me."
no
I don't know
have
suddenly.
made
creature
better than
circumstances,theymade
must
hot with
lieving
family,be-
forgetwhat
me
saying.
was
"
You've
think.
added
no
They'llcount
for
in heaven.
Let
up
consider
to
reason
what
nothing when
me
see
for
men
the
Miss
and
myself.
women
Take
Fennells
are
off your
veil."
It sounds, I admit,
as
though
I had
been
above
My voice,I am sure, was raised no more
the whisper. It was
only that there must have been a different
in it. And
tone
surelyin a voice,in what not besides,that is
everything.Whatever it was, she obeyed. I watched her hands
it was
as
not
they rose
so.
to the knot
in which
tied
at
the back of
her hat.
but
on
the
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
alone
finger-nails
Her
betrayedher
have
would
375
secret;
small shells
from
water
recedingtide.
At
lap.
loosened.
was
that
count
She took
moment
one
that moment
free
was
she closed
sun,
look undisturbed
to
away
of her. There
alreadyhave I described my imagination
all I had
is no sense
in goingback to speakof it again. She was
The tender olive of her skin brought
thought. She was more.
other picture
to your mind than the lazyheat of the Southern
no
there
of racial coarseness
Not a moment's
sun.
was
suggestion
Once
in her
features,but rather
of what
apprehensive
I had
all as
she
quick,silent movements
the Miss
No
to be caged. It
willingly
closed and turned
eyelids
art, turns
moment
as
I knew
No
seemed
as
to
when
the
meet
a
at
in that
afraid of
was
herself thus
her
there,with
that God
sun,
was
canary-colored
justthose same
allowed
I looked
you
It
of
she
wonder
she had
had
made
slender,fragile
thingupon
the
whatever
or
right.My instinct,
lightof truth in it when, on the
bare
some
of his wheel.
hearingof
wonder
gentlemotion
an
of her gown
littlebird,with
of fear.
Fennells !
her in such
as
made
ugly world.
I heard
timid
as
was
as
that firstmoment
from
imaginedit,even
satin. She
refinement
suffer in
must
in London, when
restaurant
delicate
so
trouble. However
many
hesitations I may
debatingupon
seen
me
in London
then.
could
was
woman
you
in
have
passedthrough,
rightto interfere,
my
Her
mean
wonderfully
upon
it;but
as
I looked
at
them
dark
and
as
eyes
they
THE
376
looked
FORUM
itwas
suddenlyborne
of myself.
remembrance
The expression
in her eyes was
at me,
into my
the
not
maid.
I had
same
I had
as
never
seen
quiteits
seen
Dandy's head.
"
"
Well
rid of that
veil?
beastly
I could
I said what
have been
would
observed
this,1
licked my
said I with
He
look
thoughtsof
"
the firstwords
"
to
enter
never
that
But I
It
me.
that I had
see
becoming adeptat
am
though
as
to
came
people now
could
me
return.
"
cruel indeed
at
in
effort.
an
expressionof hers.
that
can
hand
their minds.
were
such
sure
I have
heard
even
it said that I
to
appear
funny.
Somehow
it
the
not
assume
than usual.
easily possiblybecause it hurt a littlemore
why why should ithurt any more ? Unless it were that,in
I am
what, usually,
prideof my success, I had forgotten
quite
so
But
I did
"
"
I looked
so
it was
with
again,because
back
effort that I
an
she
I found
silent,
was
her eyes
"
Do
A
spoke.
"
I asked.
she
broughther
eyes to earth.
'
Was
"
thinking?
said she.
"
I don't know
what
was
'
thinkingabout.'
"
"
You
couldn't
So there
suggested.
know."
possibly
were
to
know
that I could
to
have
discovered that.
"
You
handsome
memory,
were
he
guess them.
never
And
You
were
visualizing
every
it was
"
then I hazarded
thinking/'said I,
is.
Well
"
of him
callinghis
well
something,
stillfurther.
in London
face back
feature of it and
enough
"
how
into your
tryingto forgetat
THE
378
her
all that
everything;
FORUM
I had
heard
that
night at
when
supper
the
enough
was
word
of
her.
at
she listened.
It
Every
into
thingfalling
dead
some
look
not
hear
to
finished,I dared
was
the
fathomless
had
had
her
to
come
as
When
littleof
know
you
to
into her
pair
des-
utter
When
eyes.
"
it,"said I,
is like
the world
that.
the tangle
pickingat the threads of it as though there were
of her life,if she could but unravel it. Presentlyshe looked
were
up and
"
to
met
my
eyes.
did you
and there was
Why
I had
God
come
such
tellme
to
reproachin her
that?
voice
"
she whispered,
made
as
wish
me
spoken.
never
"
Isn't it better that you should know," said I, " better than
for gaolers,
here in this prisonwith those two old women
staying
seeingthe
never
as
you've had
moment
the veil
she crushed
believe it'strue!
was
someone
he'd
and he's
"
going to
and marry
take
And
me
theatres.
to
do when
you
me
It
saw.
He's
Oh
and
was
persuaded herself
"
over
so
far.
are
I'm
thousand
going to
again that he
see
loves
like him."
It
saw.
you
always promised
there
someone
to
I don't
we're married.
over
"
her hands.
It wasn't him
We're
me.
he's told
It wasn't him
me.
"
she exclaimed.
thingswe're going to
the world.
in
passionately
come
make
to
another
For
proper
be
continued)
EDITORIAL
how
extraordinary
is
IT
idea.
startling
ago
year
smiled
at
There
however
"
"
optimistwho
any
NOTES
months
agreements
would
comprehensiveas
so
victoryin
do
the
Not
campaign.
issued in connection
was
paper
minor
be almost
to
There
attend
would
as
established
has been
of
news
noticeable
no
insignificant
an
'
single
tration
arbi-
equivalent
happened,
to
excitement,such
have
'
extra
of
So
simply
advances
is due
that
in civilization has
made
ever
All honor
But
normal.
as
to
President
of the greatest
one
been
now
accomplished.
suggestionwas
wise
Taft, whose
swiftly
adopted by the French and British Governments.
of M. Jusserand,Mr. Bryce,Sir Edward
names
Grey, and
The
so
Knox,
even
can
be
never
incentive and
an
made
to
aspiration
the burdens
countries.
It is
will wonder
at
the
Is
puerility.
reduction
the
risen
the
mands
de-
not
yet
have
not
few
of
be
it too
with
much
which
armaments
has
379
common
alreadyadded
of
negotiations
the
from
can
past few
so
be
tired of
and
sense
to
difficult.
months
ease
an
principleof
The
to
of
prestigeby
of
all who
both
individuals
course
fortunately
un-
the
upon
To
is
will prove
sequelshould
The
nations
The
done
the achievement.
passed in the
the
so
reality,
of militarism.
"nay be found
her
which
opinion has
Mr.
movement
delay action
may
been
now
Public
established.
brought about.
has
importance of
has been
prevailover
the Senate
augury.
arbitration has
world
include other
to
what
upon
realized the
an
a.
believe in progress,
peace
from
dissociated
being extended
possiblethat
now
agreements;
As
any
the
will
leader
greatly
months?
THE
380
Cannot
Mr.
Powers
will
Taft
will be
not
of commission
FORUM
however
suggestion,
at a mere
the
the
The
they
maximum,
on
gradual decrease,
of course,
difficulties,
be
coming
over-
diplomacyexists.
attitude of
recent
Fatherland
expansion;and
the
But
The
with
The
earnest.
of
principle
throw
also?
strengthof
the entente
between
France, Great
Britain
and
moment
the
Agadir by demanding practically
The
whole of the French Congo as recompense.
adoptionby
the Emperor of a more
ness
when the effectiveattitude,
conciliatory
of the entente
had been established,
ceived
rewas
unpleasantly
her
on
retirement
by the
of
abuse
from
militant German
exhibited
was
Hohenzollern
recreant
by
papers;
Herr
but the
crowning epithet
as
beingstigmatized
"
ful."
William the Peace-
Christian
a terrible title to apply,in a
certainly
of the most
civilized country, to the master
powerfularmy
is
This
and
in the world.
*
at
an
stillmany
largerview.
and
are
And
as
the workers
gainknowledge
and stretch
organizations
of the world
as theyenlargetheir own
strength,
EDITORIAL
NOTES
381
crude processes
could be tolerated.
not
will be between
living
now
"
between
nation and
while
nation.
going quietlyabout
their own;
forgetting
nor
Taft's
are
despisingchildhood,
or
to
the Democrats
not
was
in connection
entirely
pleasingto
own
of the President's
not
"
of the world
women
but
tribute
of his
of soldiers and
child's game
and
their business
reciprocity
agreement
members
not
But
men
Mr.
"
the
playingtheir
the grown-up
in the nursery,
of the future
wars
of the immediate
many
The
broad-mindedness, and of
some
with the
of the
illustration
depende
strengthand inof character with which he has not alwaysbeen credited.
So long as men
to
or
continue,consciously
unconsciously,
discuss publicquestionsfrom the pointof view of prejudice
and
there will be government
self-interest,
by parties;and loyaltyto
the party will be more
commonly observed than disinterested
to the nation.
loyalty
Yet, though the President does not cease,
after his
realize
Mr.
to be
election,
more
Taft
and
has
more
done
party
that he
man,
represents
this,with
the whole
country.
and
dignityand impartiality;
though he does not possess the declamatoryand self-advertising
giftswhich win temporary notoriety he is a statesman
rather
than a politician he is carryingout a
which will
programme
"
"
bringhim
permanent
recognition.
FORUM
THE
382
The
scene
when
of Commons
weeks
some
ago,
Mr.
childishness which
modern
useful purpose
by causingthe postponement
The
announcement.
and
with
associated
becoming regrettably
are
Legislatures.No
been served
ing,
howl-
of the Prime
party had
Unionist
possiblyhave
could
been
Minister's
exasperatedby
will
soon
and
the least
be the
with the
man
Parliament
had
not
was
majorityof
election will be
The
members.
221
piercingvoice,
or
raucous
of fitnessand courtesy.
sense
The
most
erally
gen-
in
45
decided
the
on
of
Connaught, who
taken
his duties
up
Governor-General.
*
The
Postal
Savings Bank
has
of thrift in other
encouragement
doubt
of the
under
fair conditions.
but
one
The
of the
played a
countries,and there
immense
and
success
recent
be
can
no
here,
extension of facilitiesis
couraging;
en-
regulationsis astonishing.Interest
is to be
for
or
plete
com-
personal
reasons
compel
the withdrawal
of
It is impossible
to view without grave
to
immediate
condemnation
After
violence in industrial disputes.
the
a
dency
ten-
pro-
EDITORIAL
NOTES
383
that
it is natural,though regrettable,
tracted and bitter struggle,
clashes should
Starvingmen,
occur.
them,
upon
be
cannot
too
from
dation
But intimidiscriminating.
employed as a proper weapon
strike. Organized labor is
a
of
so
of
trial.
*
Togo
Admiral
York
at
about
one
o'clock in the
were
difficulties
to be
many
learnt.
But
Abdul Hamid
overcome,
the Constitution
is an
and
proclaimedat
lessons
many
the
to
be
of
deposition
country is controlled
affairs
of home
committee,and its treatment
by an irresponsible
has not been much more
than its handlingof the
satisfactory
Albanian problem. Tourgoud Pasha has not been able to fulfil
his threat at the beginningof the campaign that he intended to
son
Albania into a wilderness and give the Albanians a lesturn
for seven
but he has
they would remember
generations";
succeeded in destroying
of confidence in the
whatever remnant
Turkish Government
the Albanians stillpreserved.
1
The
immense
is
science of aviation is no
advances
will be
and though
longerin itsinfancy,
made, it would
seem
that the
plane
mono-
its position
the most
successful type of
as
establishing
machine.
The Wright brothers,to whom, as Lord Northcliffe
said the other day,the conception
of modern
is due, had
flying
decided in their painstaking
experimentsthat the biplanewas
the machine of the future. Yet, though few peopleat firstat-
THE
384
much
tached
in
was
It
in
for
the
circuit
whether
the
of
little
first crossed
Lieutenant
Conneau
Britain.
Great
is
simpler type
there
are
which
community
before
of
his
received
undo
the
qualified and
the
incompetent
dentist
of
the
not
feared.
no
that
his
is
for
serve
fees.
without
real
that
has
large
too
criminallyindifferent.
in every
suspension
from
or
time
how
could
There
to
expulsion.
in
doctor
it is
examine
time, and
who
man
him
to
will
of
licentiate's
power
to
collect
destroy
"ethics"
blunderer
committee
each
with
the
has
amputate
will
who
be
treatment
Professional
protecting
to
most
any
who
dentists
be
the
or
occasionally
is
give
to
there
saved?
should
to
of
enable
and
are
be
select
that
of
deceit
hazardous
revelations
satisfied
many
part
State, authorized
necessary,
is
is
It
it
but
highly
many
ineptitude or
slovenliness
surgeons
necessity;
guarantee
makeshift
ity
his abil-
the
so
the
titioner
prac-
every
proved
are
misfortune
or
who
many
tooth-substance
played
the
but
to
menace
that
has
There
are
more
or
ignorance
as
How
the
mistake
the
large city to
There
blunders,
It is the
and
especially deplorable.
advice.
occasional
standard.
dentistry,in
and
patients under
that
in
see
profession;
medicine
past.
men,
stranger
without
greater
the
of the
conscientious
undertaking
a
disasters
prize
diploma.
or
the
the
as
public believes
invite
to
Channel.
interestingto
every
adequate training,and
being allowed
degree
cannot
The
unusually great.
has
of
members
unusually high
is
percentage
be
it
professions, notably
some
the
undesirable
are
It will
the
won
generally accepted
There
single-winged machines,
Bleriot
M.
that
monoplane
the
to
that
monoplane
was
importance
FORUM
or
the
inspectors
work,
recommend
if
THE
386
FORUM
she would
passionatebeliever in the unityof all life,
down
all barriers
woman,
soul from
"
that God
from
body, nature
humanity,humanity from
and
sea,
is in life and
who
from
class,man
revealed book
whose
from
class
that separate
break
in the
is life."
whose
deeps of
She is
tain
uncer-
of the
blood
and is and
will be.
this modern
Swedish
humanity of
the Old
ascetic demands
of the New.
The
spiritof
story in Genesis
dust of the
life. But
by which
ground, and
she would
Her
breathed
have
no
akin
more
Testament
than
formed
man
to
the
to
is reminiscent
creed
God
the Lord
is
woman
of the
out
of the
conflict between
the
dust of the
It
eulogizesrenunciation
not
as
a means
preaches sacrifice,
temptation by deadening desire.
the
old monk
hold
but
among
the sway
we
book
all remember
with its
bidding her
cried
young
over
was,
as
but
as
our
our
It
end.
an
remove!
over
mothers'
how
pencilunderscoringslike
renounce
life
at
silent,pointinghan"
its threshold.
of
Most
us
over
demands
of her.
is
have
own
strous
mon-
silk-covered
APOSTLE
AN
KEY:
ELLEN
OF
LIFE
387
but strong
perhapsto liftthe crushed spirit,
that is not yet broken and to crush it into
also to bend the spirit
colorless,flavorless pulp.
a
Testament
the outgrowthof
The asceticism of the New
was
historicalconditions. The earlyChristians believed the end of
the world to be near, and, to them, takingthought for the things
of a man
who plants
of this earth would have been like the folly
he knows that he is to start on a voyage, never
a garden when
his shipin order. They were
to return, and ought to be setting
stillunder the awful shadow of Christ's death and with the fiery
for beauty,art and
To care
trialof martyrdom before them.
like a dance between two
would have been unseasonable,
pleasure
hand of iron,strong
graves
or
festival at
death-bed.
ideal. The
spiritual
absolutely
healthylove of life had degeneratedinto a
needed
Sexual
nature
old
an
relations
debased;
were
longer whisperedher
no
harmonies.
Flesh
secrets
clean,
riot of
debauchery.
its high purpose;
lost
to
Greek
ears
attuned
to
her
was
burned away.
It had
the vehicle of the soul.
quickenedaround
had
art
world
the
New
life
be
must
created,and it
above
figureof Christ,risingspirit-pale
the
corruption.
Ellen Key read the Bible almost from babyhood and loved
At six she hated God
cause
beJesusas a great personality.
fiercely,
he demanded
the death of Jesus. In 1893 she wrote:
As long as the birds flyunderneath
the heavens,liliesbloom
4
the
and child-likeeyes
fields,
their
innocence,the words
of Jesuswill reach human
hearts and human
souls,coolingas
summer
as
showers, fiery
as
wine, strengthening
bread, rousing
like white wings, life-giving
as
springrays, inexhaustible as the
music like the deepsea, wide as the heavens,full of long drawn
est
on
words
She
1
of poet
sees
the ideal
man
or
in Christ
of the
gaze
seer."
not
new,
the God
but the
man
man
of the old
with
01
his
nature
To him it was
and
ideal.
an
nor
theology,
He
own
ideal
was
an
is to
even
to
expression
of life.
it will
always
THE
388
FORUM
be
possibleto Christlike
as
is true.
of Christ
More
than
teacher in her
sacrifice. Of
your
violin?
have
sung?
and
each
Christ
conformityto
wanted
married
was
the
and had
no
struggleto
manifestations
look
at
service
as
most
because
boy hid his violin,
demands
of religion.
stern
such
"Where
ask:
of his
When
nature.
own
children,and who
died
at
his disciples
sessed
poswas
littlepast
for all
people,
says littleof
She
graduallyto
came
To
has
come
vital to
give.
The
senses
be the owner's
hindrance
must
a
first have
must
become
now
others,she replies
: You
who
dom
king-
off
cutting
tian
deeplyChris-
who
example,that of a man
nothing of worldlyculture,who
knew
trary
con-
her
the
establish his
to
Though she
avers,
the laws
nothing,who
not
of the
case
she would
did you
How
"
from
earnest
one
ruler,she
kind,
country, who
lured him
its music
the
of another
natures
one
by tearingout
To
natures.
has thing
anystunted soul and joyless
heart,the dull
can
add
will
to
nature
own
nothing of worth
sacrificeever
so
to
the life of
intense.
"
II
In sexual love and parent love Ellen
of
since
no
sees
the finestpossibility
the perfect
union between altruism and egoism,
realizing
other relation in the same
makes
the highest
sense
Key
theories
on
serve
love and
marriage
rest
on
of the
race.
ELLEN
mankind
of
ability
which
AN
KEY:
APOSTLE
of life is
peoplewill
differ with
standard.
But
possible.Many
withhold
they cannot
in
scientious
con-
of her conclusions;they
some
nature
389
of union
the form
evolve, ultimately,
to
LIFE
OF
able
fixed,unalter-
from
admiration
her
splendidoptimism and
thinks that
and
would
for
"
monogamy
admits
mean
In them
for
not
man,
of
so
rigidadherence
without
harmony
and work
thinks,should be
motherliness
destruction.
if
mother, even
Such
not
nature
havinga
She would
home
test
to
with
any
not
finer and
yet been
union
by
proved that
healthier of mind
"
Key
it the
mal
nor-
greatly
so
and
scorn,
it loses in
dares
enough
are
race
making
who
they
longing.
Ellen
woman,
permanent
woman
are,
that
benefited the
of
this ideal
to
turned inward
must
for monogamy/'
man
attain
where
cases
instance,
women
cannot
made
was
and
where
great love
born
needs
hancement
en-
While
children born in
to
are
in inharmonious
to
there is
offer
perfect
extent
not
have
partner
hold another againsthis will by force of the law, she does not
think any marriageshould be dissolved before the individual is
one
THE
39Q
that he
sure
growth
has
of happinessand
possibility
extracted every
that it holds.
for others
FORUM
Even
weigh heavily,
though
to
not
consideration
have
for one's self. Least of all does she believe in the many
lightloves in which people fritter themselves away under the
delusion that
"
theyare
while
living,"
each successive
in it.
beautyand vitality
in
life,who
seeks
be
scarcely
able
to
to
The
experiment
true
believer
several.
In short,Ellen
be
summed
Key's ideas
in the famous
up
Scandinavian
sense,
if
But
believer in
slogan,the
of the
war-cry
She
responsibility.
"
free love
"
in the
often
common
only for
at modern
look
we
Ibsen
libertyand
women:
the
on
love
in
the divorce chronicles of the papers and in the night life of the
citystreets, we find rather freedom for everythingbut love
freedom
for
that does
not
she
was
her parents to
loved.
brush
love with
extremest
for
desire
flounce !
When
power
He
was
it,but added
that above
predictedthat when
Those
was
made
b"
to
her,itwould com"
the Ellen Key ol
have known
love
who
all she
came
to
the stately,
with the strong, magneti"
woman
to-day,
gray-haired
motherliness h
all agree that a large,all-enfolding
personality,
her
ence
characteristic. It may be said without irreverthat she has won
her life by losingit,since by renouncing
most
marked
able
have
of
our
This
to
lift
com"
time.
the
the gospelof
with all the force of his nature
fighting
against
the flesh as propagatedby Garborg in Norway and by Brandes
was
KEY:
ELLEN
He
in Denmark.
APOSTLE
AN
travelled all
LIFE
OF
his
delivering
the country
over
391
on
motive power.
She found this in that racial
which, in its union with personallove, is an outgrowth
passion,
itneeded
of
our
time.
own
letters of flame
life-forceswould
except with
In his
down
the
new
If the ideal of
on
every
young
great love
mind,
gauntletto man's
double
is not
standard
minds
playcame
at
saying:"Love
you
harmonize
him, you
that shall be
sons
step
one
of his
nearer
time when
nature
women,
this
and
foolish child,love
the dualism
throw
morality. His
of Scandinavian
it became
11
of
woman
lover,when
The
in
tamperingwith the
could not fightpassion
passion.
Bjornsonmakes
Gauntlet,
greater
burned
were
any
You
repugnant.
seem
drama, The
heroine Svava
and
fancyEllen Key
him; only so can
help him raise up
he has been
himself."
A
the
woman
is often
in a
inconsistency
man's
demand
of her.
she realizes
drift.
purityof the snowHis senses, carryingoften an impressfrom the gutter,
in her the murky flame of the wanton.
crave
Only those who
have experienceda great love know the puritythat is not of the
THE
392
but
snow,
white
everlasting
war
the
flame.
between
love,in which
"
the
George
is yet
know
Only they
neither the
FORUM
Sand.
only the
soul
Ellen
treasure
the many.
She thinks this ideal will so shape
instincts that an ever-increasing
of people will
number
refuse
than
be
to
lower
is
Woman
cries
out
her
reason
passionliescloser to
of soul and
Ellen
to
sense
We
often
of the
of individual and
ancient
the
mind.
The
fitted to
the
within
certain
will then
their
devote
crude
and
when
men
and
their mental
same
which
nature,
way,
is
therefore, and
blind,but seeing.
not
women
and
pros
They
bodilyfitness for
Then
the
that Christians
earnestness
religious
weighingof
unerringthat
being less
cold-blooded
unfit.
to
the
race
best fitted to
mate
so
to
is the lower
a
its personality
own
dedicate
mission of the
In
away
or
that this
truer
to pass,
come
"
cultured
over
limits,love's selection is
Key's faith
passionfor
than
race
primeval forces.
finer and
This will
sarcastic over
higher nature
passion,and frittered
continue the
nearer
ever
wax
ankle
It is Ellen
we
quote the
we
into
vitality
in various
well-turned
highest type
Then
love's blindness,or
superiorattraction of
the
passingby
the lower.
alightingon
about
platitude
give to
can
race.
love's selection
see
and herein,
man,
Key thinks, is
the advancement
than
extent
same
the union
alreadyattained
She has
flesh
bound
far greater
Her
man.
of motherhood.
pangs
celibacy
inated
completelydom-
more
the soul
nor
of
necessity
human
an
the
find it in
spirit.They
betraythe
senses
from
surcease
ideal,not
of
but with
and
cons,
not
lightupon
course
an
anyone
with
instinct
that is
THE
394
She
that there is no
pointsout
which
is
not
in its highestform
is
of the savage
which
the
scrawl
woman
does not, of
the
on
want
course,
and
dozen
and the
pestilence,
the best
was
quantity.She
very
long be
one
in
by
on
indelibly
child.
own
neck-and-neck
could
who
She
produce
with
race
sons
the
by
rather
needs quality
society
patriot.Modern
European peoples.
cultured,is
brilliantly
nation, however
in its men
with
ways
country. While
and
to
She
women.
the Woman's
The
are
Woman
his
in her
to
ear
the
were
own
for
hostile
to
for
ground,listening
will know
army,
to
specialmessage.
views
ago
industrial freedom
her
spring
again in off-
long
came
elements that
movement
Her
live
Rights party
in suffrageand
believing
women,
conceivable way
no
before
does think,however, that there may
questionof the very existence of the American-
than
parting of
the
to
worked
duction
repro-
is different from
more
personality
return
animal
mere
woman
child-bearing
wars
her
stamp
is
There
bone.
the
by Titian
picture
Motherhood
want.
primitive
different from
as
as
can
than
race
of civilized man
possibleactivity
outgrowth of
an
Hottentot's
FORUM
her
as
the leader
taken women's
in the home
work
as
something to
be lauded
in
after-dinner
when
the
before
that
we
her chooses
shall have
Ellen
Key
the field of
a
would
truer
test
of
conception
the modern
woman
movement
ing:
by askit given*
vitality?Has
life? Has it giventhem stronger
a deeper,finer spiritual
women
better
bodies?
Has itmade them physically
and psychologically
she replies:"Yes
fitted for motherhood?
To these questions
and no." She is filledwith compassionfor the long,gray line
Has
"
it created
greater
sum
of
values.
ELLEN
LIFE
OF
APOSTLE
AN
KEY:
395
personality
if they were
a
would find its truest expression,
bending over
cradle." She rejoices
at the splendid
now
given
opportunities
drudges,bendingover
of
the unmarried
that
have
done
of the
women
they have, in
the heart of
If
unreason.
out
grets
re-
do what
men
for themselves
new
content
With
to
women
of value
are
of seeingstraight
faculty
with divine
a truth and
sweepingaside objections
they descend from the peaks of enthusiasm to
in the market-place
of compromise,they will be
because theyhave
chiefly
to
fortunate classes,
but she
more
before,instead of marking
lines of work.
their
not
cost
of each human
spikedwheels
under
out
the iron-
In the
as
herself
fieldsthat shall be
will,
out
for
an
"
"
race,
made
necessity
dwelling,woman
home."
her
The
the
modern
woman
remoulded
woman
it
love; when
as
transformed
will learn
to
ways
it into the
broaden
and
deepen
gold
and
purple instead of
the world
a
dull,gray
tapestry shot
sack-cloth.
She
will do away
with the
machine-made
in home-making and
in education and will substitute the hand-made
article. She
will not let the personality
of her
child be crushed out
"
"
young
THE
396
FORUM
capableof.
theyare
endowment
The
life is
other
worthy of
as
in the
will be
question
under
certain conditions.
of motherhood
pays
economic
of
case
hire.
who
women
women,
or
State
State
preserves
always be
must
creative artists
are
exceptionalgift. They
hearted, full-blooded
There
The
gives and
by
met
conflict
have
some
largeusuallylarge-brained,
selfcraving with equal intensity
are
by
to
drain
her
on
each
forever
But the
the double
meet
be
must
vitality
will often
and
"
unsolved.
Key thinks,above
of life. Her untranslated essay, The Woman
all,a priestess
of
the
woman
She is chaste,not
passionate.She
She is
can
give
cold,but
soulful,and therefore
She
true.
demands
Her
greater.
even
an
she is
she is
because
she
is noble,not
is full-blooded.
she
because
she is
sensuous;
great love,because
refined idealism
will
insoluble.
But
the other
on
to
feel and
than
givea happinessthat ismuch deeper,richer and more
lasting
of
anythingwe have hitherto called happiness.Many qualities
the present wife
and
mother
woman
of the future.
only so
strengthto
mother.
To
the
and
She will
beauty and
Her
nature
She
to the choice
responsibility
She will bear and foster healthyand
deeper sense
beautiful human
mother.
difficultart
create
will
beings, and
of
finer
of the present.
longeryouth than the woman
gushes forth,fresh and free like the swell of the
.
"
ELLEN
OF
APOSTLE
AN
KEY:
in
bound
waterfall,but, like the waterfall,
far she may
However
go
"
LIFE
397
firm inner
in the intoxication of
rhythm.
joy,the passion
self.
loses herpain she never
and yet alwaysone."
She is many women
This many-sideddevelopmentof the eternal feminine
by
freedom, by work and throughknowledge is what Ellen Key
if it is to justify
itself as a
of the woman
demands
movement
movement.
life-enhancing
the vehemence
of tenderness,or
of
"
"
"
IV
but littlejoy;
pleasure,
much altruism,but littlelove;much knowledge,but littlewisdom;
but littlelife. Again, there are other cities,
much activity,
to
which, however badlythey treat us, we alwaysgo back. They
torn with strife and lurid with
may be blown up by earthquakes,
scandal; but they hold us with a subtle spell.It is because the
peoplehave not lost the sunshine from their blood or the power
of growth from their minds.
They are stillclose to the big,
the clangingof the industrial
elemental things. Underneath
machine,we hear the large,full,rhythmicswing of the song of
life. In the same
ferent
difway, the peoplewho charm us, however
livers of life.
: they are
theymay be, have this in common
Though they drag our sympathiesthrough a whirlwind, they
hold us with the force of their own
vibration to joy and grief.
Ellen Key thinks this genius for livingcan
be cultivated
like a giftfor music. For years she has labored by writingand
publicspeakingto make her own
peoplerealize the possibilities
for fine enjoymentthat are within the reach of all. She began
this work when she was
tance
yet a young teacher,working for a pitthat hardlykept her fed and clothed. She has held for
many
years a chair as a lecturer on literature. She has given
of the proceeds of her works to the studycircles of the Good
that if a man's nature
is vitalized by the
Templars,believing
There
are
citieswhere
pleasureof work
poetry, he will
has written
in the
and
not
words
simplest
those who
cannot
crave
series of
there is much
popular essays
to
wake
an
She
THE
398
"
turningthe
of
more
and
nature
music
the
FORUM
the leaves in
the
diligently
the
humanity,"and of listening
"
from
the chords
great books
two
to
intently
more
such
She
weaving
as
and
givesdetailed directions on
even
of money.
of the old national festivals and
significance
of the
folk-dances.
picturesque
she would
To
less love of
not
inculcate,
root
out
but
life,
how
produce
She pointsout the
to
the revival
urges
vicious
pleasures,
of life.
love
more
is pure.
motion.
the athlete
As
must
renounce
the* supreme
this is the
greater, and
worries
not
can
and
from
us
the
griefs. We
our
"
meet
self-renunciation. Our
us
no
"
majesty
time
should make
in sable-clothed
enhancement
truest
leave
amusements
for
even
onlymoral
life in
own
where they
silence,
and teach
an
us
their lesson
widened
his
assert
must
live it by
It is
vites to
at
lolling
no
to
what
can
reward
dying for
but
prospect of
ease
own
up.
and
But
promises,
com-
soul,even
if he
it.
Ellen
difficultreligion,
the way
we
life may
the individual
find the
individual may
a
petty
in
steep mountain
It offers
no
strengthbut
from
the
"
"
Live!
while?
worth
it
Is
Life
good.
"
OF
She
possible?
even
not
what
the
religion
get
can
we
LIFE
would
the
in
in
swells
of
life
voices
from
for
laus
been
the
the
is
to
life
and
and
which
silent
sing
of
of
new
pearls
give
all
in
hymn
the
life!'
in
on
the
praise
out
strength
of
everywhere."
is
and
life,
It
to
is
as
to
and
art
where
To
the
morning
evening
is, between
of
sweetness
our
rejoice
saga
each
light
ing
morn-
and
sacrament
did
tured
enrap-
the
make
It
Thorild's
by
count
as
day
our
chambers,
with
string.
yourself
snake-den.
life
to
one
alone.
day
It
point
for
from
poetry,
that
each
wake
deeds,
new
as
sacrament
anguish
sprouting
to
to
"
to
day
the
evening,
as
It
of
gifts
and
day
baptism
your
is
life
'This
cry:
light
of
lover
true
preme
su-
happy
vita,
from
even
be
the
will
not
music
sounds
It
thanks
give
the
sang
voices
faith.
of
have
perhaps
yet
thousand
confessions
feeble
who
and
lives
their
in
day
souls,
great
answer:
it, is
of
out
to
399
"
Live!
believer
The
it
Is
itself,
"
APOSTLE
AN
KEY:
ELLEN
to
the
day.
heroes
day
ceive
re-
in
in
the
WALT
WITH
WHITMAN
IN
Horace
nov.
thursday,
W.
7-45 p-M"
duringthe
the
of
course
give
him
how
might
be
not
down
"
the
speaks less of
for
time about
some
honorable
let
and
so
have
silence
by
breath
or
have
not
Cleveland
Horace
whole
my
Traubel
daily for
given West
unworthy
"
hate with
was
years
many
with
faithfully,
present and
while
every
to future
1888, and
in sequence
he
us
But
the range
living at
was
bodily energy,
are
but
chronologically,
shown
the
It
his grasp
of the
clearlyand
valuable
400
of
memoirs
of them
been
taken.
necessarily
are
omitted.
of the
vitalitywhich
"
have
periodbetween
reference have
significance.Editor.
were
of interest
seemed
of these unusual
mental
big. I
conversations
of varying dialogue,are
the
of
trucklingto
time, and
with
unworthy
"
otherwise; many
shade
the
to
largestliberty
was
Whitman,
of wider
the
break
even
manuscript),covering the
extracts
not
of it!
out
smacks'
Camden.
volumes
Two
in
the third (still
rent
cur-
for America
don't
generations.
social movements
by
in the
"
littleinstead of
was
"
faith
my
Cleveland
friend of Walt
and
troubled
am
allow
anybody
or
anythingthat
intimate
an
accord
be let loose in
we
his passports.
of all of
soul
are
hausted."
ex-
"
Yet he cheerfully
own
"
not?
"
November,
as
has been
of ourselves
shouldn't
minister
any
"
nothing
say
Why
even.
They
did.
enlargedviews. Take
made
disgracewe
advised, urged,
British Minister
recorded
He
ambition
my
"
case:
I should
to the
bad
as
I feel weak
I stillhave
but
so;
what
him
to
the West
he
to
high ideals
permit,excite,
should
"
off of his
of
not
be."
to
seem
faith
my
there,in
his elbow
on
am
the situation.
influences that
the hog
legislation:
end
day.
started
politics:
on
merely mercenary
arrogant
"
rallythan
here and
rose
wish
monologued
on
I should
as
bent
recum-
Complains of weariness.
good
as
talk,he half
remark.
Remained
his way.
goes
went
had
he
He
to
clothed.
"
animated
his bed
on
He
time of my
our
asked
his bed
lyingon
emphasis
some
Traubel.
888.
i,
CAMDEN*
great
outlasted
THE
402
contagion:i
the Southern
of
FORUM
slaveryalways had
anti-slavery,
always;the
was
strong hold
"
other
facts out."
some
of the Southern
can
"
he
Yet
saw
"
other
me."
on
horror
to
never
officials,
agents who
into
went
rebellion,
in history.
black,perfidious,
forbidding,as any known
Yet these elements of treacherywere
I regard them
exceptional:
after all,I am
as
an
exceptional;
optimist,I suppose; I agree
were
as
with Dr.
growing
by
extinction: in
and
destroyed.I
it is
greatlyto
met
trade
"
our
there is on
is better than
man
better
to
man
that
Bucke
side
can
be
was
is
"
it.
condone
never
desired,not
good for
it is
because
it is
I
personally
no
"
heroic
father
his
blot
O'Reillysand
the world.
on
For
I said:
have
touched
the
I
But you
nerve.
Our
the
tradition is carried.
"
So it is: you
Washington
I remember
least
at
occasion in
one
was
brought up
pointduring my stay. The question
of officialism,
whether
habit;the question
clothes,
should
wear
demand,
to
all declared
did;
I
to
not
with social
conform
to
make
in Rome
me,
demurrer
no
the
objected took
"
tastes,
believe in small
with which
seen
the
was
"
clothes
to
"
ground
take
that
should
so
We
forth, and
know
what
the
what
which
went
formal enough,sometimes
officials,
usually
of the code.
so
"
on
the Romans
as
my
imposingair with
minister
and
so
do
to
me
men
matter
clothes,and
cut
the question
"
dogmatisms. They
etiquettical
itbehooved
no
habits,necessities,
should have
"
sword, giltbuttons
Paddy
most
officialism,
live in
to
to
for
time, as
have
some
are
the
to
:
it,is foreign: itis mainlyforeign."W. replied
of
Cleveland
creditable
is not
indignation,
record; a play made
the McMullins."
good for
Cleveland's attitude,
matter,
"
for free
As
constantly
be fought
to
passionsin man
campaign, here, in America,
of section which must
a spirit
are
own
one
he
happened to
not
I
to
dress
befitted
as
occasion: I did
so
was
You
forth.
sat
down
on
he should
Court
invariable:
'
Even
recognizedthe tyranny
Buchanan
at
the Eng-
Buren?) was
was
reception:
under Van
He
to
went
or
went
out:
got the
in his
manner.
heard
Queen
after Buchanan
messenger
mally
for-
not
was
The
murmur.
ment
appoint-
telling
to
seems
have been
to
me
It enforces my
rebuke.
"
403
because he
out
adopt.
dressing-gown:said he would
which
"
"
and in
barred
transpired sent
would be gladto
of what had
elected to
Marcy he
simple,
quietman
without
home
attired: went
CAMDEN
(was it from
Buchanan
lish Court.
IN
WHITMAN
WALT
WITH
view
not
back,and
go
admirablysimpleand
an
"
forth
so
am
tive
effecin it
Sanford,in France,
ought to be the American / am.
not barred
experience,
throughthe same
except that he was
less stiffly,
construed official
the French Court more
wisely,
what
rightand
But there
wrong.
of the French
Court
of other
the ways
on
men
Franklin,too.
was
"
the
He
set
the teeth
from
exceptionalness
daring libertieshe
took
allowed
"
to
"
personalmagnetism
probablybecause of his magnificent
least of all to be defined,
that quality
yet least to be left out of
of men," as I put it,and as he endorsed
it with
the qualities
Amen!
accented warmth
Amen!
to the end of the chapter!
him
"
'
"
'
"
1RIDAY, NOV.
8 p.m. W.
2.
Nothing else."
eveningwarmer,
almost of
"
me:
and
pretty
"
the
as
question:
Sat up
day
had
have
you
been?
been; the
What
say I
can
the
near
Where
stars
"
fire;the
light;no
out;
touch
Questioned
summer.
have
here
am
you
been
'
doing?
periences
pleasureout of my recitalof average exlikes me to tell him about
street incidents;
particularly
peopleI meet
particularly
every-day
people. At last and for
so
on.
Gets great
"
'
"
went
"
on:
We
hear
a
nothingbut politicscheap politics;
cheap and nasty politics;
with hardlya sincere
wearyingplatitudinous
wrangle of politics,
note anywhere to relieve the tedium of corruption."He
asked
about my reading. I mentioned Robert
me
and hapElsmere
pened
in
to quote the opinionof someone
who put Mrs. Ward
"
the
same
class
as
George Eliot.
He
exclaimed:
"Ah!
that's
THE
404
the
woman
George Eliot I
"
brought me
you
I want
in her; she
after
FORUM
"
keep righton
it all; I get
read
to
quitethe
was
readingthe
and
more
terested
in-
more
of all women."
cutest
book
Then,
pause:
never
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
the book.
have
seen
it."
A propos
recall
in
"
Boston, at
those there
to
taken
letters he gave
some
country
said
of
'
it gravely
"
"
If
when
he
W.
Later
"
in this
was
drawing-room reception.Wilde
I think
said it gravely,
I have
at least,
I may presume
clude
to speak for them
to in"
I should
"
say, it is not
praise,
sion
comprehen-
your
your
w
effect.'
read, he said:
to
see
some
them
that
laudations,
"
Wilde
like to
"
myself among
your
me
would
we,
said:
"
I have
what
we
respect for
great emotional
cluded
inbackground people for the folks who are not generally
the forgotten;
the shy nobodies who
for the absentees,
the
"
"
in the end
NOV.
SATURDAY,
8.15
best of all."
are
3.
W.
p.m.
on
the
of the chair.
arm
around,
looked
He
his
restingon
Was
bright,cheery,
lightup instantly.
if not confident or vigorous. We
talked of various matters.
Suddenlyhe spoke out brisklyas if he had almost forgottento
hearingme
"
turned the
say
something he much
way
of it,Horace, I
Conway
book
in it and read
wanted
want
speak of.
to
"
Now
am
in the
to
again to-day
for fifty
on
pages
"
or
more.
mean
the
Carlyle
"
about
rightby quotingme,
"
democracy. Some
'
"
He's
thinks he must
WHITMAN
WALT
WITH
IN
CAMDEN
405
"
be
"
"
He
"
wanted
to
between
know
interested in small
littletown
given up to
the
himself,glorified
petty, trivial gossipings:
yet he glorified
place,
by his tremendous vital grasp of eternal principlesby the
infinitereach of his faculty his illimitable intuitions. Goethe
place
"
wares
"
"
"
would
say, Hicks
'
would
say:
It's not
the land
lives in,
man
useful or useless.'
big or little,
Oh, there's a great heap in that: I could not questionit.
I know
it could be argued for, forcibly
argued for perhaps
proved:yet I find myselfalwayscoming back to my own pointof
view."
Which
is that?
Oh! haven't I spoken of it often,
and the common
man
vehementlyenough? Of the common
ways? that they too must be included and made much of?"
Somethingor other induced me to mention John BoyleO'Reilly.
He is immensely appreciative
of O'Reillyalways.
Boyle's
charm came
he had lived
out of his tremendous
personality:
fiery
which were
throughtremendous experiences
always appearing
tude
somehow reflected in his speechand in his dress and in his attiof body and mind.
I had wonderful talks with him there
in Boston when I was
doing The Leaves : he came
every day.
Oh! he is not the typical
Irishman: rather,Spanish;poetic,
ardent."
Then
reflectively:You know his life in outline: he
has given me
look-ins."
glimpsesinto it;short, sharp,pathetic
He stoppeda minute.
They were like this: it was in his prison
suffered from bad food or too littlefood or
days;the prisoners
somethinglike that. O'Reillyis deputedto present a complaint:
him
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
does
overseer
not
him
slaps
over."
in the mouth
Walt
of it,Horace!
O'Reilly?He
had
"
was
"
mere
What
boy,I
"
indicates it
"
"
His
must
him
attention
no
pays
"
violentlystaggers
think of it!
"
answer
"
or
hits Boyle
knocks him
eyes flashed.
that have
should say:
"Think
meant
scarcely
twenty,
to
or
THE
406
not
it
noble,manly, confiding.Try
more;
have
must
FORUM
aroused
he talked
on
and entailed."
"
W.
comprehend it;what
dropped back into his
"
It is horrible! horrible!
eyes.
has
O'Reilly
to
had
memorable
After
Who
sample item: he is full of similar introspections.
to be
of
aroused when
background
of vital
tack.
"
time.
I have in mind
going to
was
meets
man
service. 'How
who
his
on
I?
can
"
return
I have
"
"
like
Libby or
him
: we
oath
to
for years
so
sad
much
saw
"
in
"
hole
some
of such
thingstogether. Think
I got
of each other.
recurred
history."W.
to
O'Reilly:
the best
men:
He
the Union.'
He
friends
became
his whole
Andersonville.
Washington.
to
came
man
givenmy
impressed,imprisoned kept
was
how
knows
beauty. This
arrested
: was
war
"
his wife
in
fellow
Carolinian
a North
particular
fellow,not
lightthere; a magnificent
handsome, strong, manly,developed
one
another
on
say
fail
can
steppingrightout
got off
experience?" He
"
the stream,
that way
you
bit
"
met
know
to
Put these
of
sort
he
war
the
men;
the blessed
all their young hopes of life scattered
everywhere
joysof camaraderie allcrushed out: power, brutality,
plainelect
"
"
crushed
annul, to destroy;everything
to
resentments,
uncompromising revolt."
O'Reilly:
of his
"
His
youth
so
"
Cleveland
"
swing led
have
my
of
barbarisms,the heart's
this further
had
but his
man
to
about
say
much
too
He
of
out
the talk
hopes : some,
the
to
not
"
campaign.
cal
politiI
I don't enthuse.
many.
This
is between
fight
partiesneither
anythingwhich
instance,now,
to
are
"
looks like
surrender
to
debased
for,
appetites:
"
the Irish
vote.
"
whole
all around
to-day the haste of politicians
contemptible
The
of which
to
It is contemptibleall such
"
the last
degree." He
tariffbusiness is
too
littleto
to
der
pan-
hypocrisies
give much
time
to.
WALT
WITH
It's onlyon
come:
will
we
impatient
young
a
hurry. Your day is near:
ground defend what you
"
"
the
for
407
profounder.But
are
have
already won
It will come,
summons.
CAMDEN
keep on
the
radicals
IN
time will
our
WHITMAN
sure:
look, listen,
"
it can't
too
come
soon."
NOV.
SUNDAY,
4.
may
be
I found W.
at
as
hail-fellow well
met
but
"
so
is Dick
'
The
who
man
self-control." He
South.
"
must
did
not
'
which
like Harrison's
is
admonition
an
attitude toward
to
the
the tinsel:
recognizeall the flummery of the South
but I would
humor
it in that
give it plentyof rope; yes,
humor
it as
I would
bad boy or
bad horse; humor
a
a
it,wait, rest my faith in the developmental
energies;
givingthe
"
"
good
chance
time.
He
them
drive
to
This may
concluded:
seem
"
Let
out
like
them
the bad,
a
as
it will
"
is sure
but triflesmove
trifle,
to
with
"
mountains."
all have
even
horrible horror."
Later he
"
"
THE
408
collected
have
picturesof
fullyfifty
of this
copy
The
has
for the
part been
most
noisy;it affected me
him
here
he had
"
hand
He
he
in
this
was
attribute an
as
broke
never
"
Take
own
just as
too
we
see
spiteof
in
his
its fine
face
"
to
low
Longfelcourse,
from
shrank
who
man
paths;of
new
whom
to
men
as
necessary
travelled
paths: in fact,was
new
not
still,
too
stood
semblage
popular as-
ampler genius,largerpurposes.
revolutionaire;
never
no
was
is like enough
picture
"
would
far better:
"
of that scene."
out
traditional,
accordingto rule)
we
on
embodied.
removed, beyond,dis-
it seemed
of
man
it
reposed. His
way
was:
sent
lightedup
see
not
powerfully.Lincoln
one
was
seized
it;I
mixed
"
"
rugged lines
have been
ous.
hide-
of Lincoln: he
had
once
assemblage
and
and
portrayed.
slanderously
big crowd
calm
speechifying,
"
view
lots of
were
cheap
picture:theywanted
usual American
very
street
a
vividlyremember
a
on
balconyspeaking to
"
Lincoln: there
of them
countless;most
FORUM
usual
un-
"
"
among
order
to
"
is
man
always in
be
not
"
"
nature
his
"
"
on
English. Such
of
ventional
dispensedwith maintains a popular conpertinency."He spoke of W. D. O'Connor; referred
orator
his mobile, passionate,
orator
nature
high-strung
could
"
his
hear
readers
average
"
all
over
eyes to
and
see
"
senses
William
were
was
so
comprehensive.
infinitely
vehement
he
was
boundless
ears
He
to
went
in his forth-
counters;
fighthot, ripe,for all enanti-slavery
transcendently
powerful;enjoyedthe smoke of battle;
a
was
had not fire in his eye (hiseye was
gentle)but certainly
myself,but
burning bush of justice.I was
always anti-slavery
estness."
able to sympathize
never
was
whollywith O'Connor's dead earn-
reach; he
went
into the
I cited Emerson's
virtue?
"
Emerson's
But W.
reason
"
dissented:
or
for any
what
"
righthave
what
I don't know
conscious
reason
you
to
your
it was
one
for
I felt,I feel,that
41
THE
take
lot :
themselves
from
their weaknesses.
the weakest
was
Take
meant
to
do well
was
"
redeem
to
"
he
was
haps
per-
"
"
of the
worst
Buchanan
gentleman
the
FORUM
with
Washington;
the selection of
of
down
come
from
men
to
our
day
own
Cleveland:
to
"
the Presidency
particulars:
has a significance,
than could
a meaning, broader,higher,
be imparted to it by any individual,
however spacious,
satisfying.
There is no great importance attaching
to Presidents regarding
them simply as individuals put into the chair after a partisan
fight:the Presidencystands for a profounder fact. Consider
We
success.
that: detached
to
the
from
spirit.We
in this
too
are
apt
to
that it is
need
pause
with
encumbrance
an
enclose the
to
indeed,not
of
spirit
is the summing
: here
conception
up.
Presidency
the
The
lift,
the
essence,
sovereignstatement
popularhope."
6.
NOV.
TUESDAY,
of the
He
Such.
"
brought him
I had
"
No
once
of many
Impressionsof Theophrastus
The
went
it,repeatedthe title,
took
at
his chair.
to
room
extra
things.
but
came,
the sub-heads.
over
matter
"
The old
down on the listof themes :
puttinghis forefinger
the Addison
fellows,would say, On Power, On Love
essayists,
"
"
I said:
and
hope
your
seems
Emerson
on."
so
my
their custom,
own
"
Yes," he
titleswill be
have
no
this,on
the other.'"
used the
"
"
in me."
justified
tradition;on
don't know
"
myself:she
be
WITH
happy
CAMDEN
IN
WHITMAN
WALT
well."
as
He
411
"
asked:
Have
seen
ever
you
around."
He
"
head.
She
"
asked.
brushed
his hand
hardlysay
can
"
wore
the hair
across
Do
Both
that.
on
'
preferSand?
you
formidable:
were
women
not
imperfections.I am
akin
inclined to decide between them: I consider them essentially
in their exceptional
eminent exalted genius.Yet my heart turns
I regard her as the brightest
born."
ter
Betto Sand :
woman
ever
than Hugo as a novel writer?
Oh, greatly! Why, read
Consuelo : see if you don't think so yourself.It will open your
the most
marvellous verityand temperance; no
eyes: it displays
false color
flesh not an ounce;
not a bit;no
superfluous
gests
sugan
athlete,a soldier,
strippedof all ornament, prepared
for the fight absolutely
no
flummeryabout her. She was Danher imagery. She led a
to Nature
tesque in her rigidfidelity
life obeyed the law of her personaltemperament: she
peculiar
redeems woman."
needs redeeming?'
Do you think woman
each
they had,
had, their
one
own
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
'
No, indeed;no,
what
question,
master
"
where
pithyterse
would
do.
"
he
was
as,
for instance,that he
like Nature
herself
"
was
not
to
for
ten
It
supreme
Shakespeare,he
defects: he often
there
uses
are
countless
are
might
that
prolific;
ignorantly
of words
trees,
more
the
the
mean
everywhere:but
sentences
prolixities;
for the over-abundance
as
he said
in
place,function,
made
undoubted
dozen
sense:
having been
Shakespeareshows
hundred words
many
craftsmen?
in that
affirmation." Reference
said:
the word
use
is woman's
historicquestion.Well
have answered
"
I don't
no.
no,
oceans;
it
"
fore,
there-
hundred,
THE
412
of
complain
not
After
it; rather
and
interested.
the old
days I
see
"
be my
reportingby
hear
to
the
He
'
noticed how
must
the
vast
people out
you
everything,
these
a
"
attend
splutter,
their
to
at
own
knows;
and
on
of
streets
on,
may
be
you
not
hot, my
so
"
thought? There
the
on
why
majorityof peoplestay
for, God
go
"
to
to me
seems
"
individual ways;
missed
Did
headquarters! He asked:
home to-night? It's justas well
way
it. I think of Emerson's
over
In
you.
cannot
around, peeringinto
to
diately
imme-
was
"
these tides
million
that I
pins. Now
my
go
peoplehardlygivethem
yet the
to
at
your
That
citysoon
you
by
stew
littleman?
of
and
anythingon
get into
the
going over
If I had
never
scout
I'm
tions."
amazing intima-
to
its
understand
"
while I said:
FORUM
you
and
quarter
to-night:
Philadelphia
on
goes
on,
ever
what-
unhurried, undeterred."
Bacon-Shakespearecontroversy. He
said:
Donnelly'sis the book if you wish to go conclusively
into the subject:Donnelly has done the best with the problem
We
spoke
of the
next
"
so
The
man
typical
literary
than
dispassionately
is no
a
scribblers
what
technique,
farther up
or
able
more
is to
priest
the
farther down
pass
on
not
bit
more
the
able.
start:
thinglooks like,not
to
hell,heaven:
blind from
are
more
than the
walk
There
on.
is a
"
"
searcher after
not
say
that;but
showing us how
facts: that
we
Judas
all;that Cassar
of the normal;
out
was
have
was
not
made
not
man
mistakes
"
abnormal
who
put
"
I should
likes to go about
twist into
wrong
use, after
pretty good fellow, of some
thus and so, but thus and so; that there
WALT
WITH
to
of
sense
to
might serve
and
true
criticism:
complainof
do
not
at
bottom
"
far
it tends
There
Grote?
read
of the age.
the
it:
destructive
has been
almost worthless.
shape.
this
"
it is wonderfully
cute,
complainedthat
into
unlit
equal
to
man
to
dispassionate
disregardof traditions,
prejudices:
in calm
He
are
criticism
man
no
Take
dissects,
re-states, things: masterfully.
he
arguments
render
to
man's
thinginheres
the temper
the letter of
"
on
ot
sort
indeed, welcome
it
whoily
was
over-refine
to
This
demonstrates
it
pushed too
you
but tends
wrong.
But
build. Have
Grote
and
413
the voyage
all of which might be
that
or
tnis :
or
CAMDEN
ieli story
this
ao
purpose,
irrefutable.
be
not
not
did that
general right
modern
must
did
but rather
"
IN
William Tell"
no
was
WHITMAN
had
Grote
might put
in
keen, undeniable.
of
his stories
putting
itthis way
modernize
There
of
therefore
one-sided,
were
peculiar
way
his version
is a Cleveland
way
as
meetingbeing
of the
held somewhere
one
'
Harrison
did
'
justthat thing:he
effectsto be included in
itis not all one-sided.
of
way
lookingat
rightway:
not
would
that: he
say there
examination
an
of such
tes
say Socra-
an
"
view.
episode
; that
This is Grote's
"
not
we
decide offhand
pointof
the compass.
the noblest of men
I call it
rightway;
pointis,that
The
Grote
and
causes
many
the view
one
are
glimpsefrom
Grote would
What
was
should
from
one
in
first-class
democratic;
scholarly,
democratic
not
exactlyas we are wont to play on that term
but in the sense
of the Elizabethans : defiant of the highto-day,
toned flumpishness
of the rich titled superiorclasses perhaps
among
was
"
"
"
even
tell you
a
bad
he
moment
when
"
You
nine.
must
you
volumes of him:
or
was
sense.
I have
are
not
read
not
take him
en
either in
at a
THE
414
than
deliberately
more
"
the
equalof
FORUM
for
usual
me
it treating
of the Greeks.
there is
work
no
near
Some
Southey in
every
wears
strong, lithe
"
his post;
at
no
Picture
ornament
Then
useful,protective.
necessary,
to
every
"
yourself
the wheel:
standing at
"
this man
great storm;
with him.
contrasts
way
think of
stitch he
all
man
silk-coated;all his
perfumes
appointments elegant,scarce;
parlors;kid gloves:think of him, of all
hangings,courtesies,
that he implies. Well, Grote is no more
like Southeythan this
"
he is
man
young
W.
had
referred
straightforward.
subtly
read Grote:
particularly
should
you
got it?
you
it.
"
the Caesar
to
I mentioned
see
guarded,more
equipment in himself."
an
have
absolute: I know
was
integrity
is more
no
As
"
Grote's
dandy.
"
myth
spoke of
nelly.
Don-
Froude's
Casar.
and
when
is brilliant: I think
Froude
he
when
he
"Ah!"
whole
exclaimed,
big heap
of him.
him.
He
lack
"
don't
it."
called
some
over
"
back.
me
I almost
scraps
letter which
Dowden
loyalletter
"
it struck
has
!"
to
be
Roden
"
You
He
added:
simplya
man
"
trained
"
taken
professional.Dowden
he has
me
himself
am
not
"
so:
one
Now
to
see
he
when
to-dayin turning
else I
across
came
should have.
you
It is
some
ing,
lov-
of the
keeping as
It is a man's
Whitman
letter to
of them;
not
randum
memo-
man.
singledout
I like
as. a
"
I have
man.
far-loving
pride at all,I might be proud
I
the door
swing: names
captivating
them
Tennyson.
forgot,"he said:
anxious
me
to
to
have
convinced
useless."
entirely
{To
be
continued)
Dowden
that
THE
AND
SILVER
NEW
James
WITH
the
which
recent
CHINESE
FACTOR
S. H. Umsted
loan, by
French
and
German
of
the
problem
"
mentally
tempera-
to
the
"
be amiss.
From
time
immemorial
the Chinese
system has
monetary
"
"
"
"
of the
"
of
viceroys
the various
and
provinces
the
privilege
observers
"
with
THE
4i 6
view
debasing the
to
by
mints.
The
the
and
Government, for
awakening
of
China
this monetary
system
"
or,
one
had
institutionsof Western
and monetary
currency
to
obviouslywere
"
"
robbingthe ignorantpeasantry
be invented by unscrupulous
the
over
irresponsible
power
and
having arbitrary
rather,lack of it
Court
and
currency
every
mandarins
FORUM
civilization and
edict of
reform
May
19 10, the
24,
laid down.
of the
generalprinciples
tary
mone-
An
"
Mexican
The
As
is
common
dollar is
quoted
in order
"
silver coins
subsidiary
in New
York
around
45 cents.
prevent exportationthe Chinese
to
"
will be of lower
silver
this
quality;
also
to the Government.
seigniorageprofits
givessome
It will be
some
Chinese
new
tains
silver dollar ob-
"
the
new
"
near
for silver to
duction
mintage; second, the ultimate effectof the intro-
fused
constrengthinto a condition that was
of
and disordered, consideringalways the populousness
of system and
China
from
trial
isolation into the indus-
Government.
From
7, 19 10, when
the
supplywas
to
an
being practically
equivalent
November
to
about
29,000,000
taels this
THE
4i8
Sherman
FORUM
Act of
tion
1890. May it not be possiblethat the new addito the forces of consumption provided by China's currency
will serve
to provide a pricebasis for silver more
remunerative
to
the
last
two
of
law
supplyand
consumption cannot
In fact,statisticson
decades
an
actual
"
mand?
debe
over-
mand
consumption. The available data in respect of output and deReasonable
attaches to the
are
given below.
accuracy
of production
and
figures
to
the
of the world.
Governments
But when
which
arts
we
come
to
the
extent
manufactures,we
to
enter
gent
region stilllargelyunexplored by statisticians. By diliofficial circularization of foreign Governments
and by a
formation
Mint Office has secured inour
thorough domestic investigation,
upon
that
serves
for the
most
ing,
regard to this important economic and commercial factor. Ustherefore, the material prepared by the Director of the
United
of the
tional
with the work of the Na(inconjunction
GeologicalSurvey),herewith are presentedthe statistics
and consumptionof silver for a series
world's production
States
Mint
of years:
FINE
OUNCES
Used
Year
Coinage
in Arts,
etc.
Total
Consumption
Production
128,013,283
165,472,621
25,791,700
113,264,223
164,610,394
32,017,000
130,145,832
167,500,960
123,394,239
29,844,900
153,239,139
157,061,370
1897
129,775,082
31,280,200
161,055,282
160,421,082
1898
115,461,020
35,022,600
150,483,620
169,055,253
1899
128,566,167
40,992,400
169,558,567
168,337,453
1900
143,362,948
41,060,200
184,423,148
173,591,364
1901
107,439,666
44,067,500
151,507,166
173,011,283
48,516,600
198,343,325
162,763,483
1893
106,697,783
21,315,500
1894
87,472,523
1895
98,128,832
1896
1902
149,826,725
1903
161,159,508
49,935,500
211,095,008
1904
136,518,406
57,377,800
193,896,206
167,689,322
164,195,266
1905
134,062,314
50,718,000
184,780,314
172,317,68*8
120,339,501
85,196,100
205,535,601
165,054,497
92.568,300
264,002,908
242,417,664
1906
1907
171,434,608
1908
150,582,664
91,835,000
1909
87,728,951
104,838,200
192,567,151
184,194,090
203,186,370
211,215,633
1910
90,000,000
(est.)
120,000,000
210,000,000
220,000,000
AND
SILVER
NEW
THE
CHINESE
FACTOR
coinagehas
419
been much
below
to
1907
largedecreases in
Mexico, Germany, the French
been
have
10
Indo-Chinese
There
of
Colonies,the British
coinagefor
The
Philippines.
the
to be about
of the United
the Director
as
$9,250,000 in 1909.
own
therefore be assumed
may
But,
our
to
of 1909.
has, in recent
amount
States Mint
of
estimates,
long ignoredin his statistics,
including
consumptionof the metal in the arts and manufactures of
Far East, and as the use of silver in photographyis enormously
destroyed)
increasing
(and herein that which is used is actually
trial
it may be assumed that the figures
to the indusrelating
under-estimated rather than exagof silver are greatly
use
gerated.
In the Mint estimates,
onlynew material is considered.
of
under the head of coinage,
the re-coinages
in the returns
years, been
the
the
But
are
included. Deduction
the
materially
givenas
amounts
to
for this
account
coinage. Yet
would
age
re-coin-
littlemore
only a
than $20,000,000.
to
some
extent,
media,
circulating
Furthermore, to make
deduction
to
be made
of
disappearance
destructionin
or
the
a
an
abraded
re-coining
foreigncoins
converted
we
have
various
other,we
relation between
mestic
into do-
indicated above,
as
of
the economic
by abrasion
fires,
floods,earthquakes,
shipwrecksand
Leavingthese
way
worn
process
this
But, offsetting
the
like disasters.
estimate,one
partisan
in the foregoingtable an apparent
sumption
consumptionas follows : The con-
cross-currents
have
and
to
supplyand
in coinageand the arts fell below production from
in 1897 by 630,000 fine
1893 t0 1896; it rose above production
it rose
above
ounces; it fellbelow in 1898 by 18,500,000ounces;
productionin 1899 and 1900; it fellbelow by 21,500,000
ounces
in 1901;
it
rose
above
the output
from
1902
to
1908, and in
THE
420
FORUM
aggregate
the estimates of 19
be summarized
as
beingignored:
10
Production
Consumption
Excess
Years
excess
7
production,
1,019,220,414
1,207,927,514
188,707,100 (P)
Years
excess
consumption, 10..
2,015,108,023
1,721,750,615
293,357,408 (C)
Total, 17
3,034,328,437
2,929,678,129
104,650,308 (C)
years
As
outlook
have
we
every
indication
ada,
steadyincrease in the silver output of the Dominion of Canbut the probability
that the political
situation in Mexico
in that counwith mining operations
will interfere to some
extent
try.
of
On
of silver for
191
That
1.
no
of
India,that
will be
the British
dependencyof
great
of the Government
officialstatements
recent
are
chases
pur-
resumed
Empire
in
is itself
Not
to
only are the silver rupees that have been hoarded beginning
but there is a noticeable prominence
appear in generalcirculation,
of the gold sovereignin recent phenomena of the currency
is
There
an
the material
use
in attitude and
fiscalreform
to
practice
of the Chinese
Empire has
for silver
looming
now
that the
at
last been
started in
up
And
Let it be remembered,
important consideration for the markets.
of the social conditions
also,that with any uplifting
most
of both
the
bee-hives of
humanity,the
use
of
and manufacture
is bound
utility
easily
comprehendedby the imagination.
common
producer of one-quarter
of the annual
supply of the
States has
of merchandise
Kingdom
even
in
THE
AND
SILVER
and
recent
NEW
years
British Colonies
maintained
has been
showingan
excess
of
importsinto
421
importsover
the other
FACTOR
CHINESE
700,000;
For
000,000.
was
India
the calendar
19
year
10
this
excess
"56,700,000,against
"38,000,000 in the calendar
As the London
market
is practically
the
1909.
for the
year
ClearingHouse
world's transactions in
bullion merchant
hence he is rarely
with
sympathetic
Anyone
whose
annual market
an
advance
which governs
all commodities
the
broker,therefore,
the British
To
demands
new
put
conservative check-rein
on
his operations
delivery
by which he has frequently
balked a rising
tendencydevelopedby the condition of the New
York market or those of Bombay and Calcutta.
We
for future
contracts
may
be
sure
that the
acumen
of the Chinese
Government
boom
"
at
costly
of
the
start.
Yet
or
make
havingentered
in the
its reform
to
upon
programme
this monetary
too
ect
proj-
turned
to
home
THE
422
FORUM
there is no
non-producerof silver,
motive
of self-interestto
the silver
artificially
for the misguidedand disastrous
price,as was the inspiration
efforts of the United States in the days before the free-silver
crisis finally
resulted in turningus back to the paths of sound
But the merchants and bankers of the Empire,
political
economy.
as
they grow in the stature of influence in the trade and
of the world, will undoubtedlyextend their operations
politics
to
attempt
to
sustain
and
year
waned
at
demand
and
effectson
or
repressing
varyingstimulating
price.The improvementin her finances that must
times with
the London
follow the substitution of order and system for the historic betend to add
nightednessof her monetary position
will,in itself,
and influence to her wealth and
power
Yet, from
capital.
cumstance
the cir-
in the Far
"
to
be
as
follows:
1899
Imports
Exports
Total trade
Excess imports
1909
$189,560,000
$263,440,000
140,182,000
213,565,000
$329,742,000
$477,005,000
49,875,000
49,378,000^^^
Changes
$73,880,000
Inc.
73,383,000
Inc.
Inc. $147,263,000
Inc.
497,000
AND
SILVER
We
a
here
see
NEW
THE
great
CHINESE
growth in
But whereas
in
FACTOR
total
foreigntrade,but only
of importsover
exports.
excess
of transactions
423
to
ume
the total vol-
44.77. So, if we
authorities we shall find that
relative progress.
The
recent
indicated larger
balance of
in 1908 itwas
"24,703,360;
307,976. The proportionof exports
was
which in 1907
have
years
38.83
was
to
the entire
cent., was
per
ever,
trade,howin
41.22
1908
in many
forms as food for man
and cattle. It has been estimated by authorities that this article
use
had added
more
fieldsare
"
beingrapidlydeveloped. In
Shansi,Shensi,Honan
that the
acres, with
or
an
than
more
Sze-chuan,it is
and
under
area
is
6,300,000
will probablythrow
building
acres
provincesof
mated
esticonservatively
the four
extension of railroads
The
open
to commerce
some
and flour
our
China
to
have
10,
of
now
10,000,000
American
ments
shipFour
almost ceased.
was
$7,-
In
recent
basis of $4.866 c
per
years the
":
1909
Imports
Exports
Total trade
Excess imports
Changes
1910
$263,440,000
$303,338,103
213,565,000
249,523,232
$447,005,000
$552,861,335
49,875,000
53,814,871
Inc. $39,898,103
Inc.
35,958,232
Inc. $75,856,335
Inc.
3,939,871
THE
424
It will be
exports
in
largerin
was
1
seen
10
FORUM
1910
of exports
to
of
excess
importsover
China's exports in 19 10
against44.77 per cent, in 1909.
showed, with two exceptions,
a
generalincrease as regardsboth
cent,
volume
and value.
The
losses
were
in beans, due
and
state
of markets
in the United
short crop
for beancake
for
to
cent,
owing
States.
to
Values
an
of
Be
it remembered
that China
for months
has been
wofulry
disastrous
same
nature
in*
Celestial Empire.
neighboring
be supposedthat as her wealth
Moreover, can it reasonably
Western
and science are adaptedto local
methods
as
develops,
of the soil are
conditions and racial idiosyncrasies,
resources
as
THE
426
the
industrial
and
insidious
the
adoption
of
of
be
clothes
that
to-day
sum
of
up
is
medievalism
well
have
We
reversal
of
has
become
the
bullion
dollar
and
five
in
posse
of
the
the
that
white
and
value
of
of
the
to
that
zation
reali-
the
all
undoubtedly
the
into
of
well
as
forearmed.
ish
Brit-
to
yellow
fresh
limelight
of
trade
as
activity
to
sleep
and
by the
are
bring
industry.
at
the
their
"
tation
rehabiliinfluences
the
status
ship
statesman-
To
white
posts
industrial,
aggressiveness.
dollar
to-day
speculation,
of
does
indeterminate
There
sentinels
military
and
and
the
it
silver
of
years,
the
when
cents
situation
world.
few
The
race,
the
an
of
price
than
States
factor
new
suggests
1859,
forty-odd
of
afford
cannot
the
course
the
the
more
United
into
introduced
in
may,
be
it
swaddling
forth
that
since
times
against
cents
kingdom
oldest
standard
gold
themselves
be
metal
to
equal
dangerous
of
trend
one-half
possibility
legislation
is
armies
the
will
of
by
the
and
silver
pronounced
and
the
in
downward
so
two
when
consequences
being
part
doffed
giant
position
been
averaged
with
in
people
spective
Irre-
standards,
stretched
and
multitudinous
might
nation.
monetary
has
of
statesmen
things
inspired
urgent
an
industry.
that
all
China
once
and
"
world's
the
now
Chinese
accrue
advocacy
her
the
by
"
coupled
the
this
and
and
commerce
quotation
in
is
economists
would
possibility that,
she
commodity
that
There
race.
standard
gold
isolation
important
white
British
uniformity
energies
To
the
by
benefits
resources,
was
the
the
the
of
mighty
vast
of
surmised
of
of
advocacy
universal
"
may
markets
FORUM
are
be
race
when
warned
foreand
the
arousing
CREATOR
THE
WORK,
Temple
F~
Scott
~"^HE
conceived
Newcomen
as
steam-engine,
primitive
it,"writes Bergsonin that remarkable work, UEvothe presence of a person
lution Creatrice, required
the taps by which the steam
exclusively
employedto manipulate
let into the cylinder
and by which the cold spray was injected
was
It is related that a boy employedat this
to condense the steam.
task,and becomingvery tired of havingto do it,conceived the
idea of tyingthe handles of the taps, by cords,to the beam of
the engine.Then the machine opened and closed the taps; the
machine worked by itself.Now, if an observer had comparedthe
"
"
structure
without
with that of the first,
fulfil
ourselves
"
The
two
in.which
to
work, if we
geniusfor invention
so
will.
manifested
splendidly
so
in these
new
From
era.
now
Time.
of
We
because
civilizationshould be certain,
on,
us
to
Necessity.We
have made
Time
437
our
conqueredSpace and
servant, and
meshing
en-
tered
mas-
henceforth,
THE
428
Time
wait
must
also
will
we
what
we
have
It shall be
us.
do
realize,it
not
been
of
out
economic
that
did
we
have
we
the bread
We
turn
word,
to
the initiative;
she did
shall do
we
now;
of
this great
me,
how
see
Fate, and
of
blessing
mistaken
sighted
short-
and
machinery,but
and
our
stupidity
not
of
outcome
effects. We
it should
be
in
hands.
own
It is
mouths.
blame
to
hitherto
selves
our-
in
our
turn
our
to
seems
should
we
system, the
are
our
turn
machineryto
intended
liberated
to take
Nature's
was
machinery. If
our
It
create.
We
it. We
on
now
what
can
we
"
live. We
we
not
our
in which
us,
the
from
time in
on
FORUM
and
we
ness,
selfishapplied
mis-
have
usingit,as it was
of it!
Think
It
does almost
transports
up
our
warms
cities,
our
our
servant
in the
our
lifetime
might be
We
ours.
and
completest
saved for
us
by
may
fust free de
white
man
nigger and
has
not
now
he done
freed himself.
He
Half
sense.
satisfying
most
fairies of
these household
negro
freighttrain,exclaimed: "Well,
saw
who, when
de white
he
first
he done
man
But
the
is stilldrudging; stilltied
the mortar-wheel
as
we
have
for
system of machines
for
money-making purposes,
time-saving
we
should
live
have
to
failed
for
THE
WORK,
CREATOR
welfare.
the purposes of communal
found in works on political
economy
429
or
be
to
Socialism;
assured the
savage
rest
hunted
with
of
to
If the
same
his own
satisfy
him, and he
machine
him.
who
marily
hungeronly,the tribe dealt sumlost the tribal advantages.The inventor
uses
it
to
make
or
is the victim of
some
suicidal delusion.
Our
patent laws
are
framed
on
some
of
recognition
this
rightof
the
THE
430
And
the
FORUM
appliesnot
argument
organizationof
inventions
to
only,but
to
franchises of any
kind
for communal
a
community.
welfare.
Instead of
in
privatemonopoly
the
to
these, when
all
"
Their
consequence
be
deoilitate the
and
We
if
are
had
we
the
common
be
is that we,
should
fairly
cheap
age
encour-
even
un-
other conditions
about
make
possible.The
as
another
so
to
lighting
course,
lightwe
the
densome
general life bur-
wretched.
pay.
but
postalservice,
We
sense.
its own
as
with
illogical,
strangely
set ourselves
premeditatedly
accordingto
in this
bring
community and
so
in motion
set
we
value has
viewing them
them, and
tions
inven-
organized,are
it all. It would
do
to
thingsin
decide that
as
seem
ways
not
cityshall supply
not
conduct
our
we
The
result also is
telegraphand telephonemessages.
for our
that we, probably,pay five times more
telegraphand
of
our
telephoneservices than
should
fairly
we
We
pay.
few
the
few
the expense
become
inordinately
wealthy at
the
encourage
by maintaininga
thrift by proencourage
tecting
result,again,is that the
of the many,
compelledeither to
by being
afford for a good article,
to accept a
or
can
pay
bad article for the priceof a good one.
This is,to say the least
diers
of it,neither fair playnor a square deal. Again, we pensionsoland
and
and
art.
is
sailors,but
kept
we
poor
never
even
of
pensioning
poor
encouraginggeniusin
dream
enormous
size that
we
point of impositionto
are
meet
compelledto
tax
its demands;
the
and
grown
to
such
community to
our
poets
an
the
waste
THE
WORK,
We
rest.
do
CREATOR
think much
not
market-placewith
of poets, of course;
we
still,
in
living
431
the
say of them
would
"
chanted
the Battle
ing
Republic,the soldiers who marched to the rousmusic of patriotic
hymns, and the soldiers,aye, and the
sailors,
too, who singthe songs that recall to them all that is
of their childhood days and the
dear and most
most
inspiring
land of their fathers,and that touch "the mystic chords of
from every battlefieldand patriot
to
stretching
grave
memory,
this land." It would
heart and hearthstone all over
every living
As it
be interesting
to hear what theywould
say on the matter.
and pass on.
is,we givepoets our blessing,
Hymn
of the
"
Blessingsbe
with
Who
nobler
gave
The
Poets, who
Of
But
us
truth
and
on
pure
them,
and
eternal
loves,and
earth
praise,
nobler
have made
cares
us
"
heirs
delightby heavenlylays."
and value
is
far
The
for us.
Truth
inaccessible
Unknowable, but
us
at every
turn
of
our
is no
a
longer a cloud-enshrouded,
dailyfriend
life'smarch, and
who
who
is walkingwith
is
ready with
his
THE
432
service
at
beck
every
of
on
us
drawn
have
ourselves
be
may
We
from
to
do this we
rock
the
have
have
must
and
of
at
thus,machinery
imprisonedto
Prometheans.
are
If
"
serve
will but
we
chain
un-
economic
superstition,
we
of it,
from the bondage of drudgery,
we
Looked
of the
real heaven
freed,by means
even
as
the
faith in
new
higherlaw than
any
we
yet acknowledged.
as
What
the
embodiment
from
real earth.
life'sneed.
our
is the man-made
fire we
FORUM
phrase,Creative Work,
higherlaw?
the work
in
work
is to
of
terms
in
matter
express
It is
of
terms
spirit
by expressingspiritin
matter.
transform
make
to
different powers
which
geniuson the one hand, and the
by
other.
two
The
of
progress
fulfilment. To
by
means
combined
property
believe that
our
of creative work
geniusis endowed
Power
is
of
with
by society
The
our
hands
geniusthere
communal
power,
any
and brain
is no
private
attribute.
it is done
for
When
society's
at
ment
happinessdependson self-fulfilof this
is the simplest
statement
there is privateproperty in
in power.
both,
Its
While
sities
neces-
result of
ventive
the in-
"
organizinggeniuson the
concerns
directly
more
happiness. The
period,is the
possesses
the material
occupiesitselfwith supplying
one
life;the other
and
man
the inventor
sings,the artist paints,
compellingimpulse of his nature; but
poet
the
the song
us.
Herein
"
the power
genius
it
obeys
us,
of it is
not
ours;
we
it.
The
for it is
our
community by which
by which, indeed, it is even possible.
inherent in
THE
434
It is time
opened
we
strength. Where
the
are
in iron and
workers
FORUM
our
and
eyes
took
of Tubal
ingenioussons
brass, who
of
measure
Cain, those
the
re-shaping
are
our
earth
for
who chain
purposes? What is become of the Prometheans
and harness the horses of the sun to drive our
the lightning
riots
chaour
of comfort?
of
dogmatism, and
very busy feeding on
afraid
am
vultures of
the
bound
they are
fast
the rock
to
capitaland
monopoly are
their vitals. What
Titans
simple-minded
are!
entranced with the joy of creating
We
and so
are
so
we
exalted before the revelation of beauty,that we know not when
But he lies in wait for justsuch
the fowler has ensnared us.
rapturous
of
he allows
When
henceforward
and
caged.
the liberty
and permits us
to go on
creating,
in which to enjoy,
bow down in gratitude
we
moments
us
ours,
tinyspace of time
for his magnanimity.
a
Then
"
Makes
of
all. We
us
obedience
Bane
slaves
truth,
"
must
are
we
free
live as
to
are
men.
But before
are
of
that
have
to
have
been
for
proper
we
a
of
spirit
the Devil.
man
True
to
not
firstmake
us
be
to
us
set
let us
hands
our
Voltaire
to
"
cry:
the
keep, our
to
work,
we
of God.
but
Such
an
of
a relating
reality,
an
such
at
not
cost.
the torch of
not
to
of
dire rebellion
a
higherlaw
that is
already
the
ecstasy is not
personalenhancement,
the wealth of
to
not
It may
l'Infame! ";
expressedin
shall
crowds
bloodthirsty
would
We, to-day,
only
not
also make
we
Ecrasez
lives obtained
disobedience is not
we
the work.
and
ours.
faith
task
that
sure
livingfor. And
deplorablyimproper for
Reign of Terror
The
our
once
worth
about
back
draw
but it was
the
set
we
faith;for it must
for, but
fighting
worth
sure
in the
mind
take
we
in
mystic's
cessation of
his understanding
our
ties,
facul-
ourselves
to
the whole
of life.
WORK,
by such
possessed
Once
and
one
an
435
and
enthusiasm,all the plutocrats
earth could
monopolistson
For it is of the
day.
CREATOR
THE
of the
nature
by embracingit,and
not
stand before
that
spirit
us
it disarms
italists
cap-
for
struction
ob-
higher
purposes.
States.
It is
Behind
beneath
and
the
attraction it exercises
on
the
of the enslaved
for
true
But
communal
life.
to-day,
theyhave freed themselves from
one
set of superstitions
only to fall a prey to another. They
have jumped from the frying-pan
of theologyand political
matism
doginto the fireof political
The dogmas of sects
economy.
as
matters
stand
THE
436
have
may
be
to
seem
be said.
There
and
their tens
slaying
are
spellin the
some
FORUM
word
of thousands.
"Competition." It
if
Podsnappianunction,as
But, indeed,there is
There
nothingmore
great deal
to
more
is
were
be said.
is this,
at least,to be said: that there is good
bad
competition. The
competition
cheapensthingsis
that
competition
human
treats
formula
what
life exactly
as
becomes
if it were
Procrustean
very
The
bed.
is
result is that
destroyedby
its greater
competitionmeans,
thingsdepend,not
in
actual
working, making
the
that
So
prices of
what
the law of
on
these
economists
would
say
we
"
if it
gested
sug-
were
to
competition
"
"
call it by whatever
But it is
if
of
not
please,we
we
name
shall
not
man
republicfought for to make thingscheap, and husouls dear, aye, priceless.Must we
re-argue the matter?
the whole thesis is indelibly
writ in the annals of history,
Surely,
American
"
had
not
is the United
fought to make
Where
been
States
it?
would
the United
States be
to-dayif its
And why
men
they were?
priceless
men
to-daynot the democracy its priceless
the
Because
itsleaders
are
cheap men,
men
with
THE
WORK,
CREATOR
437
of
price,men
shameless
"
"
carries home
dare
men,
to
soul is worth
children in
and
women
forced
am
it would
way
not
to
Truly,a splendid
achievement ! We have beaten Mephistopheles
at his own
game,
of business.
and we can
now
jeerat him for being an inferior man
But Mephistopheles
not so profoundlyversed in economic
was
human
science
method
as
even
did
He
are.
we
is simplicity
itself. We
the
Law
"
Supply and
Demand
"
The
the method.
know
market
of
competition
The
magical abracadabra
open
not
the
"
"
and
let it go
at
that.
This
is
known
the
among
"
the top of
"
our
"
voices:
Protect
home
patriotictrick.
Immediatelythingsbecome
cheap.
confession
What
the
organizersand makers
imprisonedin
is the
dear, and
souls
As
if the inventive
that it be
States stillrequired
swaddlingcloths !
and
Life,liberty,
the
of weakness
"
This
industries!
"
pursuitof happiness!
of institutionswho
our
communal
life?
wrapped
Where
shall weave
The
in
are
these
ideals stilllie
ere
as
our
archives
these words
we
are
touch hands
fulfilledin fact?
We
ever,
take heart, how-
man
who
is
THE
438
FORUM
and ness
making life less a travail;and, in good time,liberty
happiwill be ours
also. Work, when it is no longer drudgery,
no
longer the mere
drivingof the wheels of the mills of chance in
a
bare
hope
of
concentrated
for the
of
grindingsome
willingeffort of each
be
to
man
mean
firstin the
the
race
first
justice
But
we
have
must
the
of the all-knowing
for
justice
perfect
spirit,
that we may never
of fairobtain,but the plainhuman justice
play the just balancing of our acts without the falsifying
interest and passionin either scale. We
weights of selfishness,
constituted that we
so
are
requireto feel confidence ere we will
If we know we shall have fair-play
permit ourselves to venture.
will take the leap; otherwise,we hold back and hold fast to
we
mal
what we have by the meanest
of subterfuges the elemental aniin us comes
to the top clawingfor life. A peoplewithout
is a peoplemade desperatein dishonor, and with tooth
justice
and claw bared.
With justice
will adventure in the highest
men
of enterprises;
do if they are to be
and that is what they must
of a man's soul
free. Adventure
is the prime necessary quality
but that is
to fulfilitself. It demands
constant
striving
activity;
the priceof liberty
and happiness.For these states of our life
not
"
"
"
static. Over
never
are
the
liberty
life of
re-form
as
But
individual
freedom
because
toil for
we
have
the
happinessform
our
and
we
we
never
have
Simply to
realize
selves
our-
have
known
piness
hap-
been free.
been
not
If
never
we
freed from
altogetherindispensable
dailybread."
of
waves
flow.
swelling
for what?
or
liberty
That is happiness.We
feudal service
"
part of the
by work.
from
the full
have
tyranny
been
we
have
drudging
If
have
we
racy.
imprisonedby plutocoppressionwe have
been
emancipated from
We
have
it may
was
our
natures
have
the
demanded
the
consciously
always realized,unone
way
out
of the
THE
WORK,
which
afflictions
beset
us.
God
was
And
our
not
how
to
439
but it was
in his Heaven;
troubling
problem has
been
make
But if freedom
dom
givenus, what shall we do with it? Freefinenothing,it is an empty word, a mere
and demagogues to conjurewith.
logicians
be
in itself means
soundingterm for
Or itis a goldencup
life. But
CREATOR
we
have
with
won
blood in
our
for
race
our
fillit?
the cup is empty! With what shall we
is stillbut the one
with creative work, which is
answer
There
even
"
and
intoxicating
draughtof
artists have
poets and
and, indeed,it is
to
that is
known
menial
the
to-dayowe
we
which encourages
to look forward.
us
It is true the world
still requiresnon-creative
drudgeryof
happiness.
hope
work, the
come
service;but it will be-
less and
of work
and
will invent more
working spirit
machines to drudge for us, and organizenewer
and more
new
for living
fitting
together.It will set itself to solve real
ways
to distribute the necessaries of life to each
problems: How
home and familyas we
deliver our
mails; how to police
now
citiesand erect fire-proof
homes and buildings
our
to regu; how
late
railwaytrafficand railwaytransport; how to systematize
medical service in every block of a city's
how to establish
area;
and uphold courts of justice
that all may
seek redress freely
so
and obtain it quickly;
shall
how employment for a living
wage
be regulatedand conducted with strict regard for the comfort
and the health of the employees;
how wealth shall not be grossly
accumulated
to
to
create, the
the disturbance
of the communal
establish municipal
how
self-government;
balance; how
political
power
centringin singlegroups to the underminingof public
confidence and to the sappingof communal
how to replace
fidelity;
will :
of the people's
by a livingexpression
party politics
to
how
to
build citieswhere
to
control
so
railways
to
no
prevent
soil in which
that commutation
to
shall
THE
440
be
FORUM
for
least
fifty-mile
radius from his placeof work; how a school and a green playground
shall be built and upkeptin every square mile of a city's
space; how food shall be pure and cheap;how exclusive privilege
shall be made
how the ways,
and the means,
for
impossible;
doing all these and the numberless other necessary thingswhich
must
come
for
up
doing as
we
shall
living,
on
go
at
women
of the
future who
are
we
willingenergy
cooperative
decent-minded
be found
utmost
matters
near
going
want,
but
of brave
be
to
free
men
happy
and
are
and
in thus
wealth,the wealth
and
high-spirited,
such
temptationpossibleto
the
untrue.
We
do
complish
already.We might aca
large good if we simplyabrogatedall the existing
laws which were
made by privilege
to safeguard itself. Legislation
is never
often exploitation
and enersalvation;it is more
vation.
The uprightman
lives his life almost unconscious of
laws. We want
than anythingelse a brave private
opinion
more
and a high public
And in order to obtain these the organspirit.
izing
lating
geniusmust set itselfto create a new machineryfor formuthat opinionand that spirit
pression,
a
as
genuinenational exand degrading party
to take the placeof the tyrannical
machinerywith its caucuses, which has robbed the citizen of his
the supreme
mind and is destroying
refuge of
democracy as
*
human
dignity."
No man
himself wealthy,though he were
dare count
sessed
pos-
not
want
more
laws
; we
have
too
many
"
of
can
be
pauper;
every
ten
thousand
brought face
to
face with
one
of
Rockefeller,if he
fellow-citizen who
is
to
use
is
no
See
day'slife
Democracy,
Ostrogorski's
THE
442
of
nerves
communal
our
FORUM
body
their very
to
sources,
and
tells
that he is thus
us
without
them
"
Stretched
The
see
man
may
awful
ghost of
the
in
his
hush'd
midnight,
eternity."
i
He
who
shall
enlightenedand
enhanced
come
in the
enlightenment
Homer
even
as
neglectand despise,
the people of ancient Greece.
We
now
we
us
and
about
stare
in
us
wonder
mute
us
stillremain
we
in
and
on
some
them
minds.
mere
the
to
our
us
the
Then
mute.
lifted
are
to
say.
are
we
is this
as
by
of
current
efforts to
our
until
questionings,
back
souls within
our
"
but
power;
life draws
express?
to
ours
the
at
untoward
But
few
some
and
find
who
joy in
the
and understand
what
the
rest
do
not.
of
"
life. And
by their
is
song
the
precipitated
ditions of
We
we
also.
us
will tell us
of
epicis the precipitation
con-,
soul in its efforts to free itselffrom the physical
life toward a realization of its spiritual
aspirations.
national soul.
what
we,
shall understand
shall
with
our
so
great
serve
us.
science,may
singto
our
songs,
know.
And
hearts.
And
THE
WORK,
that
we
shall know
the
man-making illsof
of
from
with
them
and
misery,sorrow,
life.
of poets, greater need of them
organizersor
having forsaken the gods of
statesmen
443
for
born
not
were
We
have
we
CREATOR
or
gods of
We
ing
suffer-
are
fathers without
our
we
ing
replac-
own.
our
inventors.
than
of
reverenced great
with their
livingGod
great
our
because
He
hearts;their conscience
or
thought,whether
reverenced
men,
names;
the
even
Our
women.
ers
fath-
ciated
simplerelicsasso-
in the world
them,of
and great
men
had
They
tercours
in their social in-
splendidhistorybehind
"
"
its great
exemplars, and
stress.
desperate
in times of
themselves
recovered
so
they
stayedthem, and made them the men
and base injustice
were
to resist tyranny and oppression
even
from England herself. And they did noblyand well.
But we, of the United States of America to-day,
have determined
to
It
cut
ourselves the
refreshing
strengthof
whether
children,
this Past in any
at
and
Eet
children,we
masters
o^
home
vital
answer,
our
and
We
conquerors
it is
deny
spirit.Our
longer taught
no
nation of
our
own,
we
of our
own.
splendidhistory
from the heroes and
inspiration
with
say, draw
are
to
this national
school, are
at
or
sense.
rightlyanswer,
men
of the earth
to-day. But
who
is
to
who
draw
made
the
for them
THE
444
the
waters
refreshing
schoolmasters
FORUM
we
to
expect from
paid
under-
and
We
have
achievements
volumes
many
of the Revolution
heroic
and bind
spirit,
which
humility
for an epicon
iEneids
the
as
its
hero;
opening up
foundingof
with the
look in vain
we
of the greatest of
find immortalized
in
this continent
"
us
the
one
across
expeditions
and Clark
of
one
spectable
quite re-
epicof
an
pride. We
with
do
nor
of
livingunion of great-hearted
national
Civil War,
those wonderful
children
might filleach
all in that
us
the Great
travels of Lewis
the
which
this country.
Odes
we
is the supreme
peopleof
of Commemoration
but
literary
quality;
War
of the
"
the
'Forty-Niners,
the
to possess
"
It is true, Walt
exhortation, not
an
Whitman
chanted
an
highly
so
racy;
of democideal
"
it is
spiritthat
realization of this democracy is
poeticmanifestation.
a
and
the song
magnificentprophecyof
and is striving
toward
strove
"
highlyresolved
The
has
have
caught when
not
come
not
as
yet, because
we
have
not
We
cient
the United States of the present, in Ancome
before Athens had bethat periodof its history
to
when
of Hellenic civilization,
Greece
was
tated
making, so to speak. It was the Iliad that precipiof the separate cities and made the
national spirit
out
a
fessor
of imagination,"writes ProThe
intensity
glory of Greece.
stillin the
"
THE
WORK,
"
more
to
that generation
means
in the
me,
of
man
one
schools
same
the
to
It
trained
and
less continuous
or
that
not
means
passed away.
generationof poets,
after
and
It
man.
and
wonder
445
CREATOR
lived
They
Epic saga and by it and for it. Great as it was, for many
What
centuries they continued to build it up yet greater.
helped
the constancy with which the whole
them
perhaps, was
most,
have loved and
inaccurate word
must
to
use
race
a
slightly
cherished this poetry.
They are like the watchwords
for which men
have fought and died; charged
of great causes
men's love, but now,
with power
to
attract
through the infinite
in the
"
"
shiningback of
is in them,
it were,
as
love, grown
that love"
poets if we
from
people of
of many
hearts
are
the Seven
Balkans
"
"
of
this country
are
fiords and
in the
pression
highestex-
the
sand
of the descendants
Sinai
sympathiesof
and Olympus,
the Pillars of
and
the frozen
dunes
Baltic,from
the
the hills
all these
cataract
of life
would
know
almost
seem
hopelessto
world-shapingtorrent
that is the
into
great
that
"
one
what
poet'swork,
this country.
But
and
expect
us
so
cherish
to
out
beauty.
And
the
"
which
hope
of its own
great
It
yet
of the poet of
work
of that love
"
even
to
as
And
find in this
to
man
any
might feel
the
peculiarly
it is for
States of America.
we
infiniteshiningback
causes,
our
as
from
the
of the
the United
their
Hercules, from
and
we
that
love
the
as
compounded
Deeply secreted
impulsesspringingfrom
of Wicklow
the
their poetry,
gods.
and
people." Here
infiniteshiningback
Hills of Rome
Norwegian
of
There
power.
civilization.
of communal
The
yet greater
will
mirror
the
built and
and
founded
to
life-blood
spiritual
the
for American
is work
of
that
life-rays
men
felt for
of his
coming
wreck
the
thing
HOME
Bynner
Witter
OU
ask
My
And
He
way
beats
Lilac
me
give him
all
"
you.
lilacgrew
The
why
earningsand luck-moneytoo,
sin and suffer for his gain
I'll answer
me
far from
not
we
children
if I
home,
alwayswent
buy or borrow
scent.
446
"
TRIBUTE
THE
C. " A. M.
W.
AS
Spruance
place of
Medhursts, he
the
of
sense
almost
balancingthe
upon
of
into view
came
Miis errand,
Estabrook
unpardonableintrusion
of the success
probabilities
of his mission.
its caselike old ivory,
ment
gleamingcreamily,
windows set wide to the breeze, crimson flowers in glowing
againstits walls,vines throwingthemselves over
splotches
the garden beyond,
itin waxy greenness, the great trees about it,
that passionate
all perfectly
joyanceof nature which
expressed
thrilled in everything
had written.
Mrs. Medhurst
The
That
stucco
house
she would
write
ended, seemed
more,
no
incredible.
Medhurst
was
But with
dead.
pityfor
Eleanor
mated.
incongruously
thrilled her.
and
throng,
at the
The
Medhurst
been
timed
to
the music
head of the
It seemed
to
charmingtriumphshe
generation's
mightycolumn.
him
been thus
step had
Her
monstrous
of the
had walked
should
have
To his magaso
over-soon.
suddenly,
zine,
The Great American,her death was
blow.
Port
a
severe
in it,and the last instalments had
of Call was runningserially
not
arrived when she was
killed. Were
they written? In his
he had journeyedto Woodcrest.
to ascertain,
anxiety
Surely,
he argued,the magazine quiteapart, the interest of the public
justified
his coming. For Mrs. Medhurst's intimacy
of vision
so
447
THE
448
and
of
tenderness
awaited and
Miss
have
had
interpretation
She
The
prying!
work.
Her
manuscript,but finished
Medhurst's
"
library.
shall
we
not
be
agreeingto undertake
in his
Oh,
unfinished
contains
desk
privatepapers
It ended
or
desk in the
his
met
the
sistently
con-
as
familyshould
serenelylovelydrawing room.
in the
be in Mrs.
to
eagerly
an
member
nothing of
certain
her
beloved writer.
ordinarily
repressed,middle-aged woman,
it was
made
than
more
Medhurst,
prosaicas a
She knew
FORUM
search.
cursory
of
libraryhe paused before the portrait
Mrs.
A brilliant,
Medhurst
which hung on the eastern
wall.
her singularattractiveness
gracefulthingit was, yet in rendering
theyentered
As
it held
suggestionof that
no
remarkable
most
It
the
had
shown
had
been
sympathy which
had
been her
attribute.
him,
to
came
rare
small
it had
as
of
trace
not
it;that
done
genius
"What
she was!"
woman
extraordinary
an
he
exclaimed
aloud.
"
Success
"
His
inevitable with
was
She had
eyes
her," Medhurst's
cousin
plied.
re-
smiled
grimly.
So
this
how
was
they regarded
they
This
failed her
comprehension. He
in
that he had
remembered
less
by
and
appreciation
subtler
often heard
her husband's
As
she had
under
must
have
been
she been
tripped
ineptitude.
he seated himself
at
her desk
he
was
how
was
to
Adjustingthe blinds,Miss
moment,
When
and
left him
to
she returned
Medhurst
his search.
he
sprang
up
in his hand.
to greet her.
excitedly
THE
450
where
Eleanor
Medhurst
FORUM
had
Above
them
It is difficultto make
"
I'm
with
had
this thinkable,'"
he breathed.
not
"She
entreaty.
clever,oh, very
was
voice
clever!
depths,except of ambition."
Vv/hen he did not
speak, she continued,with
charged
But
she
"
no
"
smile:
But
He
wanted
The
radiant
the
of the
none
Outward
her.
upon
perhapsit doesn't
shows
And
do
to
"
brave
her
and
demonstrations
so
thingsgrew
many
that
"
had, it sounded
tent.
con-
was
was
bewildered
tempt him.
not
leit motif he
He
quietvalleyroads where
after all.
matter,
quivering
if it
as
He
him.
loved
his allure.
to
how
matter
no
playedon
were
the big
orchestration,
the full
have
He
melody.
heard
them.
would
simplicity
have
recognition.She
and color.
resonance
them
won
gave
his."
was
the
impulseof
hurst's life
"
the fear of
and absurd.
knew
You
try to forgetwhat
must
"
was
felt lest he
all he
exhibiting
He
The
pleading.
matter
must
remain
between
which
spell
"
went
so
He
Woodcrest
from
away
was
as
in Medtravagant
ex-
seem
the world
said,"Miss Medhurst
I have
never
He
shown
brilliant,
glittering,
arresting.
to-day,
them
"
that had
restraint in them
the world
gone
not
gate he looked
would
hour
an
us.
you;
He
could
could
never
maining
re-
pocket,the chapters
Medhurst's fame, an(J
in his
Mrs.
believe
"
fitand
worthy Finis
to
before.
on
the
grounds with
the
Stopping at the
earlyshadows
of
TRIBUTE
THE
evening
saw
the
its
and
as
individual
He
had
fact
neither
his
his
bared
dead.
with
fellow
of
It
asked
all
nor
His
the
cared
step
strong
soul
tribute
for
had
the
things
and
upon
tribute.
twilight
in
he
it.
had
of
and
parting
planned
heart
ished,
cherdream.
him.
the
acknowledged
Medhurst
holly-hocks
beauty,
him
he
trees
purple
surprised
among
was
its
of
Medhurst
ambling
genius
head.
was
here
the
breath-taking
not
that
learn
him
see
of
had
with
drench
was
It
to
to
gentle
new
place
picture.
Medhurst
was
seemed
He
whole
as
Miss
with
The
The
all.
garden,
poplars,
of
interspaces
the
it
beyond
shouldered
gray
it
over
and
house,
the
Through
them.
over
451
ever
who
man
got,
but
he
RICHARD
STRAUSS
Henderson
Archibald
art
MODERN
sound
like a truism
of
of the
domain
ages,
of
personality
and
not slowlyand
enlarging,
and
bounds.
which
In the world
counts, which
day. The
which
modern
art
tells
to
"
the
use
awakes to
the sanctuary. The public
beginsto heed the new voice,at once
criticspotter about
The
sweet.
adjustthemselves to the
hauntingbeauties in the
artistis
him
not
"
personality
happy phrase of the
with
his
againstthe defilement of
and slowly
a new
stimulus,
so
strange and
in the
aimlessly
so
ing
surpass-
struggleto
and
new
conditions;begin to find
new
at last the
Then
secure
is
rare
elucidate,then analyze,appraise,
appreciate,
novelty;excuse,
praise,laud.
art
"
in horror
cry out
that the
true
his barbarity.
his heresy,
The
novelty,
sacred altar of
itsrevelation
art in
widening
but by great leaps
progressively,
figureappears
new
past
it yet remains
artist,
the
"
tion
conviccrystallized
generationsof inspired
as
well
may
settled by the
the labors of
But, wonderful
workers.
That
self-expression.
means
secure,
the indifference of
new
lodge
dis-
nothing can
the
or
waning public,
self
of the iconoclasticcriticwho seeks to win for himdepreciation
the
fame or notoriety
by prophesyingand so accelerating
of reality.
downfall of one of the masters
The
curse
of modern
life is the
ent
differgreat,"the artist must be
he must strike out along a track unnoticed or abandoned
the modern
by his predecessors.Even with such innovation,
publicis not satisfied. For their idol must not only surpass
work
he must
himself. Each new
others
continually
surpass
must, to impressthe contemporary, reveal certain traitsof genius
hitherto unsuspectedor at least unrealized. Versatilityability
be
recognized,to
become
"
"
"
"
"
to
achieve
momentous
results in
widelyvaryingforms
452
of
art
"
is
STRAUSS
RICHARD
the
of
keyword
certain sort
of
and
particular
453
achieve
Many men, many women,
in some
eminence, by excelling
even
notoriety,
success.
limited
detail of
work
the
"
writer
who
can
ceeds
only in the short story, the novelist who sucin portraying
to the life the traits and characteristics of a
who can
the painter
peopleor a circumscribed locality,
peculiar
or
project nocturnes," the sculptorwho
only make portraits
can
only make busts or figures.The artist who would achieve
in
greatness to-dayis he who would go a step beyond perfection
at least mastery, in
a
or
singlephase,and exhibit perfection,
phasesof his chosen element of work.
many
Lastly,in order to achieve preeminencein the art world of
which in
the artistneeds a last a fundamental
quality,
to-day,
dominates all the others. George Meredith
never
reality
swung
the public
off its feet,never
created that profound popular and
international impression,
his works,
to which his ideas,if not
entitlehim.
But he understood the quintessential
traits
so
justly
achieve excellence
"
"
of the modern
"
and
temperament
the modern
In the
tremendouslysignificant
way.
in the
most
of his convictions,
expression
principerhaps of poetry pally
and
which
But
the ideas
mind
to
which
"
"
the modern
as
philosopher
artist must
thinker
as
well
as
craftsman,
well
be
as
creative
THE
454
failingsmay
be, Richard
FORUM
Strauss fulfilsin
and
curiously
striking
of the modern
and
temperament,
must
vast
new
untapped.
the
Soon
work
new
would
former
"
yet
of
possession
and
appear,
of powers
store
new
"
under
the
Now,
sun.
of
inventory
we
more,
are
forced
to
take
the
once
That
and of
Elektra,the
interpreter
par excellence of morbidityand monomania,
should respond
should turn to the lightness
of Viennese frivolity,
musical
to
the blandishments
unexpectedand
most
"
Wagner
the modern
and
contemporary
others of
the mental
And
schools.
many
and
ing
developvaryingand evolutionally
the
set to convergingupon
were
types of modern
opera
genius of Strauss,and forced me to consider why it was that
and
Strauss stood out, among
them all,so unique,so individual,
tions
intimaPelleas et Melisande
so preeminent. Debussy's
gave me
perament
of a very subtle and very refined genius a musical temthat he seemed, in
and adaptable
so
peculiarly
plastic
himself speakingin
very truth,to be the voice of Maeterlinck
emotional
reactions from
the
"
music.
These
eery
strains,caught
as
wholly French
cast
at
Covent
the verge of
felt for
instinctively
if
on
The
characters,in
an
pressing
ex-
RICHARD
the delicate
with
plaints
if in
with
STRAUSS
of
nasality
455
the Gallic
timbre,move
as
fate
of their predestined
through the scenes
parably
sad sense
of imminent misfortune incoma
hopelessness,
poeticand tragic.There was no confusion of thought
dream
"
of the
the evocation of the poem
and the message
Such collaboration is nothingshort
the two
were
one.
here between
music
of
"
miracle of
art.
with
spoken of Debussy because he has, in common
that strikingly
the geniusfor rendering
modern
Strauss,
faculty:
ing
with convincand emotive complexities
temperamentalnuances
and convicting
reality.The preeminenceof Strauss,if I
and
may so put it,arises from a deeperfoundation of technique
I remember
the very
and naivete,
a more
spontaneous barbarity
peculiar
impressionleft upon me by watching Strauss conduct
I have
his own
Elektra.
I will not
seen
never
an
tra
orches-
of the baton.
to the slight
movement
respondso instinctively
This quality
of Strauss
in the conducting
not outstanding
was
"
of times
number
seen
closer
accord,a
tra.
sympathetic
rapprochementbetween conductor and orchesStrauss impressedme
with his fiery,
much
so
yet chiefly
would
from
the stage
hold
in
to
the
rostrum.
With
hand, Strauss
one
lamented
"
rather
restraint,
the
of
powers
"
"
THE
456
with its march
FORUM
of
vaguely stately
import, of Feuersnot with its
It is,
simplemotifsand somewhat juvenilecontroversially.
own
until we
not
really,
noveltyof
supreme
the
encounter
Strauss
of Salome
that the
trait which
genius,the differentiating
giveshim his preeminenceto-day,firststarts into full and active
his
life.
of
medium
in
there
justice
democratic
modern
is in his
civilization. And
plaint! Let
mass
great
how
art-
much
however
person,
any
great
clever
of gesture and
music
coherent
itself no
deaf
totally
disengage from
to
will be
"
"
lauded
descriptivepassextravagantly
ages
of the music
haphazardlyguessingat times,perhaps,that
this phrasemay
represent the bleatingof sheep,the singingof
of a horse
but actually
birds,or the galloping
losingthe key,
the mysticOpen Sesame,to all the inner content
of the story,the
musical expression
for the
of which furnishes such ready excuse
highlyimaginativerhapsodistalreadyfamiliar with the book.
This is the Achilles heel of opera, or, to change the figure,
the
viewless and opaque
it so subtlyfrom
barrier which removes
to
all the
the
"
"
the crowd-consciousness
fault,as
insuperable
of Humperdinck.
of the
It is
of Mozart
true
fault,an almost
of Bizet,of Wagner as
masses.
as
of
to
say that
writingopera which
are
"
actually convey
is its own
identical and
"
The
of
explanation
Strauss's
a
are
wrong
art may
reason
thus mated
this
be easy
for this
"
the
some
for printed
necessity
of the past, the
opera
but I do
novel
strangely
to
music
The
commentary.
not
and
know
itsname.
uniquephase of
fact.
unquestioned
their
If it be
meaning
on
to
find
urged that
their very
THE
45"
Blessed,whoso
seeth
Blessed, whoso
knoweth
Blessed, whoso
FORUM
him,
him!
Blessed, whoso
diggeth the
Blessed, whoso
holdeth
the torch
Blessed, blessed,whoso
the
from
axe
earth
for
him
for him!
door!
openeth the
in
What
conclusive
magnificently
passage.
Hofmannsthal
Cly-
temnestra
the
torture
of its neurasthenia,
to
againstit and
wrath
tra's vengeance
how
twist
the
our
firm
That
was
us
achieved.
the
to
and
to
hardlypossible
in
an
of Orestes
ancient Greek
scene
and
of Das
evil
evil,is what
it is done
is
as
or
not
the work
makes
Strauss
have
Rheingold, or in
an
get here.
we
the power
and
but of the passionthat detests and must
that
axe
understand
the stroke.
to
cancerous
with which
power
to
come
Hofmannsthal
in the third
even
Klingsor scenes
malignant and
destroyit,that Elek-
we
Not
misery
overwhelming flow of
an
And
us
and
task
holy to
gentlestof
us
the
on
horror
sleepless
ruthless resolution
becomes
even
in
rouse
so
in which
rage
atmosphereof
that the
And
us
destroy
rejoice
in itshorror.
"
Whoever
understands
should
occur
in the
natural
needed
faculty
same
expressionin music, is
can
to
befall
state
the
to
a
this,however
vaguely,will under-,
it
of conceiving
the power
individual as the technical skilland
.
That
rarest
overwhelming
good
fortune that
STRAUSS
RICHARD
459
tryingto drive us into a war with Germany, that the case consists
of the single
word, Beethoven.
To-day,I should say with equal
That
confidence,Strauss.
the heroic warfare
humanity.
war
on
Strauss and
he represents is treason
Strauss has done for us
that
aspiration
In this music
he has done
what
and
should make
we
for his
drama
countrymen:
own
to
just
us,
an
"
"
"
"
and
Rosenkavalier
to
seem
and
ignobletheme
one
an
for
cannot
cannot
One
chosen
has
descended,
con-
"
at
"
"
"
THE
46o
duet between
FORUM
the Marschallin
and Octavian
when
are
"
moments
of the opera
the Marschallin
of
are
tenderlylaments
the
tragedyof
the passing
youth;and
the
entrance
humor
delicacy,
ner
man-
lyricbeauty. But so
complex is his mood, so intent is he upon packinghis theme
with emotional content, that he slights
his waltzes and robs them
of the significance
serve.
their real grace
and charm
abundantlydeAgain and again a beautiful melody is sung into our
"
some
Lost
and
von
Falstaff manque,
without humor
heavy-handedsensualism that,while
"
be mal
beautiful valse
our
of
stress
is lost
humiliation
of
"
insatiable
to
and New
propos in London
displayshis genius in the final unmasking and
a
Lerchenau
away
The
forever,"like the classic Clementine.
Lerchenau, is a Falstaffian part, but alas! a
gone
"
"Basso, Ochs
snatched
are.
we
"
new
"
"
for
only for the moment
and
phase of expression,
but
ears,
and
scene
jeers. The
fundamental
is
of Hofmannsthal
error
schallin
development of the plot for the Marwins and holds our
sympathy to the end, while Sophie
onlytoo apparent
in the
"
Faninal is utterly
colorless and
von
charm
erstwhile
and
music,ends
divert the
on
fancyof
And
allurements
many-hued
Octavian
from
his
the
the opera,, despite
of Strauss's over-scored
so
of inconclusiveness.
note
yet, it must
a
to
love,the Marschallin.
numerous
And
needed
pensable
inane, wanting in the indis-
a
versatility,
power
and
played
again,Strauss has dis-
masteringan
admiration.
untried medium,
Let
him
but find
more
theme, and
opera
of
our
day
we
and
may
expect from
generation.
AN
ENGLISH
VIEW
Sydney
of late has
CUBA
come
OF
CUBA
Brooks
in for
of faction was
rapidly
underminingthe Republic,
spirit
that the peoplewere
excited by tales of the enormous
wealth
said to be amassingthroughthe sale of franchises
their rulers were
that an insurrection was
to foreignspeculators,
brewing,
for another
and that the United States had made preparations
Knox
intervention. Secretary
on
July 18, in order,as he said,
for all,
to unwarranted
to put an end, once
innuendo,"
political
issued a statement
vention
denyingthat the subjectof interexplicitly
had even
been under consideration by the American
item of gossiphas
Government; and since then this particular
the quidnuncs.There remains,
somewhat
lost its savor
among
that all is not
however, an ill-definedbut disquieting
suspicion
that the
'
"
Government, that
General"
Acevedo's
none
was
tempt
at-
the
less a symptom of a
nothingto which one
visit.
The
in towns
and
alike,is that
villages
it was
as
matter
almost
on
journeying
throughCuba,
cleanliness. The
bewilderingto be forced
461
to
one
an
Cuban
external
death-
in the world
and
462
THE
with the
rung
the
of whose
terror
FORUM
all
name
and
years
and
Europe
is
more,
to-dayno
one
Indies.
American
and
energy
America
longer a
tourist
example
have
of
resorts
and
Cuban
people.
the Cubans
learned
that such
affairs. In
tracingyellowfever
it could be
contribution
to
vaccination,
the science of
It was
installing
theyhave
thousand
but
times
virtually
intervene in Cuban
to
made
publichealth
and
showing how
the most
important
since the
in vain.
made
not
keeps
questionsof sanitation
its source
to
contribution
merelyobsolete
not
ever
and
streets
for themselves
thingspay
that
It is simplythat
systems.
sewage
I do not
and
impossible
will
flushingtheir
Yellow
over.
not
scouring and
and
supplies
water
It is
of
discovery
The
Cuban
it has
second
become
now
with them
nature
to preserve
and
extend them.
On
this foundation
of minute
Cuba
visiting
of the
so
to-day. The
that in
of the
one
scribing
hesitation in sub-
no
sense
are
island presents
the
measure
accessible spots
most
neglected. It is situated
most
and famous
on
on
one
capital
sources.
only justbeginningto explore its reof its size in the whole
is perhaps no territory
science
There
better
statement
contrasts
of the
crowded
most
modern
world
his
repeating
one
that is
prosperity
fieldfor the expenditure
Mr. James Bryce after
and I have
ago;
It is
possibilities.
the
to
commercial
for," wrote
few years
remarkable
some
of its
and
to
and
be wished
could
capital
scientificattention
quished
the Cubans, since Spain relinsanitation,
problems of modern
of
and
are
richlyendowed
with
more
any
sort
than
two
and
of cultivation,
millions.
In the
ENGLISH
AN
VIEW
CUBA
OF
463
the disparity
between the enormous
provincesespecially
storehouse of natural wealth that onlywaits to be unlocked, and
and highwaysto unlock it,is palpable
of men, money
the scarcity
careless traveller. Only a few years ago Havana
to the most
even
better known
than Cuba, the average visitor rarelygot
was
beyond Matanzas, and the eastern end of the island was almost
in Columbus' day. But
uncleared wilderness as itwas
an
as much
his
in driving
the energy and daringof Sir William Van Home
railroad through the heart of the country, and in opening up
from one
another and
districtsthat were
remote
as
previously
as inaccessible as
though they had been separatedby continents
have changedall that;and itis now
instead of kilometres,
beyond
and industrial future of Cuba lies
that the agricultural
question
and that Nuevitas and Antilla on the
in its eastern
provinces,
pute
disnorth coast and Santiagoon the south will one day seriously
of Havana.
the ascendency
Already it is open to any wellthan moderate intelligence,
no
more
exercising
organized
concern,
humid and incomparably
to establish itselfon the virgin,
tive
produceastern
soil of the
up
great and
thinghas
and
give,
eastern
in sugar,
flourishing
industry
or
spread,credit
communication
becomes
the
plentiful,
of
latifundia
cent.
"
the present
are
island can
all
attain to
It is safe
of interest in Cuba
rate
to say
to
commensurate
prosperity
that
no
one
as
averages
10
be settled before
per
the
464
THE
"
the
now
of
work
in
9 10, with
sugar
previousyear, handled
of
is capableof
producing. It is only
the
has
$250,000,000.
over
all over
"
being systematically
surveyed,and
are
them
exploiting
FORUM
The
of
real
by the Cuba
soil
has
estate
Cuba
the
scarcely
yet
it necessary
found
experiment
with fertilizers the disappearanceof yellow fever,the
and
growing volume of tourists and immigrants,the nearness
"
even
to
"
of the American
market
which Cuban
produceenters
and energy that are pouring
on
preferential
terms, the capital
in to developthe sugar industry
mills
by consolidating
existing
and plantations
and by layingdown
soil in cane,
newly-cleared
the opportunities
that almost dailyforce themselves upon one's
permanence
area
"
to
seems
to
tend
ex-
me
foundations.
rest
on
$500,000,000 have
Some
been
natural,
most
invested in Cuba
to
goes
the United
in
is increasing
The
United
Less
than
to
be
beet sugar
a
now
decade
is it to
Where
seem
States
come
sugar
in America
some
uses
she will
hence
from?
reachingthe
in the Western
requireover
5,000,000
tons.
production;the growth of
States,owing to the high priceof labor,
limit of their
of more
of suitable lands, and the competition
able
profitscarcity
exceptional
crops, proceedsvery slowly;in the Philippines
and
cane
sugar
reasonable
can
to
be cultivated at
to
and
profit;
be
before
overcome
it appears
therefore
more
and
THE
\66
conditions of its own
perilof
are
FORUM
people? Is it secure
againstthe familiar
or
the seed of
Amendment
further
I regret to
have
affairsin her
that demand
questions
intervention?
or
all Americans
practically
own
of graft as
spirit
to
be
necessitate American
and
her
the
permeated with
so
own
Mr.
at
heart
Roosevelt
American
that
used
so
should
call
interference ?
Piatt
I believe
"
age
man-
she
long as
to
fall
down-
the
hope which
that Cuba
"
and
way
Does
ing
sow-
ducts
con-
decency,5'
These
are
all
and sympathetic
investigation.
impartial
observe, however, that they are but too frequently
an
with
papers
and
practically
which the
"
are.
One
cal
consideringthe politi-
mortality
that have earned Venezuela and Nicaragua a noxious imcaprices
with and the Piatt
She has no neighborsto go to war
of the people
Amendment, in default of the natural good sense
and
their rulers,imposes
limit
on
her bonded
indebtedness*.
the
of
preservation
Cuban
VIEW
ENGLISH
AN
OF
CUBA
467
the
to
near
suppress
disorder,and with
financialconduct,itwould
an
ultimate
veto
power
over
her
seem
age of faith in
the Cuban
and
successes,
must
Cuba
machinerycould
the Americans
Republiccame
its genesisand
methods
and
much
severe.
as
basis of universal
onlyour
have conceived
or
stage of
own
lime
sub-
witnessed.
that is
and
being. In judgingitsfailures
alwaysbe remembered.
in her present
It is preposterous
work
to
to
developmentthe
upon
expect from
same
political
that one
looks for, without, however,
principles
in English-speaking
countries. Such a test is
always finding,
too
The
Cubans
have
realisticsense
of nationality,
theyprizetheir independence,
they are doing their best to
make that most
difficult
Cuban
venture, a self-governing
political
succeed. But their efforts must be weighed in the light
Republic,
of their past and by comparisonwith other Spanish-American
countries. To
whollyto
the scourge
which
political
corruption
has fastened on communities far older,more
more
experienced,
civilized and more
is to expect
highly
homogeneous than theirs,
the impossible.What, however, I do feel able to assert, and
of
THE
468
with
some
is smaller
would
that
anticipate
; secondly,
in
because
itwould
a
FORUM
have
the
to
menace
The
to be
Cuban
far
more
of the Republic.
stability
Government
is undoubtedlyan expensive
government.
ment
beingbrought into the moveof the world's capital
of development,
and powers
must
be expensive.There is the neglect
of centuries to be
necessarily
made good and the temptation
to attempt too much, to develop
ishard to resist. Nor, I may add, did the Americans
too rapidly,
do anythingduring Governor
vince
Magoon's administration to conthe Cubans that the temptationought to be resisted. On
the contrary, theythrew the money
about with an amazing
gality,
proditance,
and the Cubans can hardlybe blamed if,at a humble distheyfollow in the footstepsof their friends and deliverers.
voted with compulsorygenerosity
to pay
Apart from the sums
loans
incurring
under
or
cannot
see
that the
that Cuba
has been
yearlyexpenses
gant
extrava-
of her Government,
excessive.
Economists
would
no
determine
doubt
how
tales of
with great
on
any
tion
corrup-
foundation
thoroughnessproved
be devoid
had
was,
in
that I examined
rest
graft and
be absurd
to
be easy to overestimate
does the latter. The
habitually
Cuba, it would
Havana
trusted those
set
in
authorityabove them,
have
that
never
they were
ENGLISH
AN
VIEW
OF
CUBA
469
Americans
their own
or
Spaniards,
people. They take it for
and officeholders are feathering
their
grantedthat all politicians
nests and that all franchises and concessions represent jobown
bery
and briberyof some
it would be
kind; and unquestionably
to
account
difficult,
solelyon the ground of publicinterests,
of the concessions that have recently
for some
been grantedto
American
and British,
foreign,
principally
syndicates.But one
that the gossipof the Havana
must
remember, first,
cafes,while
is a restricted,
a vociferous,
phenomenon and does not reach,or
if it reaches,does not greatly
the peopleat large;and
interest,
that,as I have alreadysaid,the taint of corruption
secondly,
will have
to
go much
before it beginsto
yet
rot
in Cuba
It
body politic.
is
danger,but
not
menacing one.
Politics in
diagnosethem,
that
seemed to be very much what one would expect a struggle,
is to say, not of opposingpolicies,
stillless of opposingprinciples,
but of the Ins and the Outs, and full of personaland factional
Cuba,
far
so
as
was
able
to
"
contentiousness
of
: an
on
basis
"
But
has
"
at
any
rate
intervention this
"
"
THE
470
FORUM
and
being,in fact,employeesin
only in the field of politics,
which they are not particularly
a province
well qualified
tion,
by educaThe result is that the
experienceor trainingto occupy.
Cuban
Government
finds itself powerfullysolicited to become
a
Government
of
the interests
and not of
the people,"and
that many
influential corporationsbelieve that only American
intervention will givethem the security
that is the ultimate condition
"
"
"
"
"
of all commercial
progress.
army
be
make
guards would
overthrow
remembered
operates in
only to
it
the rural
or
and
must
heard
one
take
few
way
to
people believe. It
that the American
rightof intervention
has
very harshly. A discontented politician
it
by force,very
the woods
mills
sugar
it appear
as
with
blow
or
though
for American
Amendment
ment
againstthe Govern-
turn
ever
handful
up
case
few
of followers,and
railwaystation
had
intervention.
arisen under
On
the
two,
or
stroy
deto
the Piatt
other
hand,
the present
and
the
Government
to
means
repress
has shown
disorder.
But
the greatest
of the
is the material prosperity
safeguard of publictranquillity
island.
Outside
of Cuba
of
as
in many
ways is as
is Paris of France, I found no one
Havana,
which
sentative
unrepre-
who
did
not
rational
man
which the
vast
could
of government
people.
to
THE
OF
GARDEN
BEING
THE
OF
AN
E.
RESURRECTION
UGLY
Temple
MAN
Thurston
BOOK
CHAPTER
STORY
LOVE
XVII
(Continued)
"
OU
"
"
back,my
know
dear
him
"
you
don't know
and, of
think
and
no
my
course,
again,am
no
Romance
head.
you
not
anythingabout
doubt he seemed
about him
You
hero
for Romance.
are
here.
don't believe
a
In that little
him.
word
but you
471
onlyfeel."
comes
heart
But
again
THE
472
What
I had feared
FORUM
suddenly.She
then,came
her shoulders
tremblingin littlebroken
gasps
shook
between
to
were
her
fingers.
The brightlight
me.
about
helplessly
of the sea had grown
Brilliance had
suddenlysomehow
gray.
gone out of everything.I wished a thousand times to Heaven
I had never
told her, yet knowing,every time I wished it,that
the certain knowledge of her tears, could have
not even
nothing,
stoppedme.
At the sound of her crying,
Dandy had looked up.
"
"
What
For
God's
thinkingwhat
sake
I did
with his
me
ears.
and
it mends.
remember
thing.And sometimes
But in London
in you, as they're
tryingto
they'dbreak the spirit
break it here
mend it again.
break it so that nothingwill ever
And then you'll
towards forgetfulness.
beginthat awful struggle
is gone, that the world is
to forgetthat your spirit
a struggle
make it
ugly with sin and shame and misery. And oh, they'll
difficultfor you to forget.They'llwave
so
placardsin front of
in the East
your eyes telling
you that there have been murders
brave and
noble
"
"
"
"
THE
474
FORUM
it was,
warm
as
only her
eyes
stab the
you
thing
hate.
you
"
coming to
that
the cliffswhen
night on
have
never
pour
I hate
come.
me
gave
look
to
I hate you
And
If I had
ears.
you
word you've
single
at
seen
face
your
letter,I should
your
You're
you.
for
ugly
you
"
Words
tried
and
then
to
they choked in
The onlywords
"
not.
like
glittering
they were
the
sun
her
in her eyes,
dancingblade of
were
upon
She
throat.
steel.
"
so
Was
it necessary
to
tell me
"
that?
I asked.
"
I know
it
well."
Perhaps it was
hers
whatever
of
quietness
the
it may
my
storm
of
suddenly
In
dimmed.
No
there.
longer rapierpoints were
glittering
I steppedquickly
forth a flood of tears.
place of them came
to her side,whereupon she looked up at me
once
more.
touch me
"Don't
again!" she sobbed, "don't touch me
"
again! And
than
ever
And
as
have told
"
been, her
say another
never
Nothing you
have
anythingin
For
an
narrow
"
instant,too
long as
live.
you
ter
bet-
the world."
to bless
was
thinking
book in yellowcovers
thrilling
what
or
hatred.
have
as
me
remember
can
to
were
makes
me
better than
word
eyes
amazed, I watched
she had
moment
gone.
climbingthe little
her
my
which,
hand
without
It is never
The
my
hand
wise
moment
empty.
to
let
woman
she reached
With
know
how
the level
sudden
human
path
movement
once
she is.
more,
she had
1 found
drawn
her
THE
fingersaway
and, without
face toward
Ballysheen.
"
Had
"
"
RESURRECTION
word
of
would
rather I did
not
come
thoughtshe would
whipped round, showing me
At firstI
she
"
her
turned
I asked.
her shoulder.
came
475
good-bye,had
back alone?
better walk
you
You
OF
GARDEN
not
with
you?
"
answer
in her
the anger
eyes
once
more.
"
you
again."
Againstmy
Indeed,she
loves
I
and
"
she said,
to-night,"
was
sat
down
then
by
together justas
"
we
turned the
watched
the
once
"
maid
ask
Deityto helpthem.
path'sedge. At my
never
see
ask God
She would
in their
who
of those littlecreatures
justone
hatreds would
or
smile.
me
that I shall
we
Clarissa
of
sat
Dandy,
had looked
out
side
sight. When
last she
at
and
CHAPTER
It
XVIII
must
awakened
Women
me
be
are
in her
like that.
livingdespot of determination.
reason
and
of their
romance.
For
nature
to
me
it is
not
It proves
when
urge
with
to
brought
Clarissa
women
to
that
THE
476
To
unreasonable.
they are
is. Now
FORUM
I would
be reasonable,one
know
must
what
aggravates her
with
and
to
determination.
him
aggravates
man,
maybe I am wrong
is higherthan that
Now
few
to
sex,
That
obstinacy.
"
part of
that,as
swear
of
of
is why I think
Determination
man's.
gence
intelli-
woman's
"
is the better
obstinacy.
I had
aggravatedClarissa
determination.
to
In those
alreadyin
her
mind, I had in
simplemovement
She
away.
have been
must
"
"
Dandy,"
We've
to
see
should have
"
hopelessfools
made
woman
said
no
of
of her.
more
her,if she'd
won
lost her
gone
should
We
back
to
Unless
unless
now.
utterly
unless he never
suddenlyinto my mind
It was
of those thingstoo great
one
"
"
"
to
count
upon.
No
It's
ourselves.
not
the
losinga
have
lost,we
But we've
hope
marries
and
lunch.
not
Dominica.
"
of it leapt
her."
cumstance
in cir-
generous
did it enter
sooner
to
my
thoughts,
the
came
"
"
"
sheen.
scurried
head.
"
Only once
across
path
at
him.
in front of
us.
It
was
Then
when
rabbit
I turned my
OF
GARDEN
THE
RESURRECTION
477
"
that
I know
back
lunch.
to
well.
so
feeling
God
I did
knows
not
CHAPTER
It
of
much
As
uttered
as
I walked
up
"
Bellwattle
from
the drive
to
car
come
mind
To
remote.
for whereas
intuition,
of my
before I have
my
shinglewalk, so called
immediatelyto the front
taken placethat morning;
with any
what
With
blance.
resem-
broad
"
of
thinking
it in my
justify
was
tryingto
however
things,
strange
and
word.
single
go
XIX
to
to.
between
something in common
describe it,but I find
cannot
easily
Dandy.
Dandy
want
is
There
I had
quiteaware
was
reasonable
had
purpose
what
objecthad
scheme
I heard
that poor
of
that
child
I must
to
pass? Or,
she spoken to me
and, speaking,
why had she appealedto me
for charity? There were
thingsshe might have said,less
many
calculated to catch my sympathy than to ask me
for her cab fare
home
thingsat which I should have hurried by rather than
hear. But no
of my
she had caughtthe moment's
speculation
"
"
"
mind, and,
belief that I
Lunch
of my
out
was
meant
was
not
yet
conversation
to
save
with
her, had
Clarissa from
ready,for
I could
the
grown
destruction.
see
Cruikshank
still
in the
minutes in the
garden,wherefore I stood there for some
order of
drive,tryingto puzzleit out, to fitit into some
logical
events
to
was,
thread
in the
too
whereon
world, I could
to
not
mind.
to my
understanding
I knew, as trulyas the
them.
string
make
Fate
set
of beads
there
ing
But with all the wish-
pattern
which
ter
a matcomplicated
bringingthe
had
faintest
brought them
to-
478
THE
miseryand
Clarissa
her
persuade
1 had
lor
by
upon
in
tnat
visualized
Ireland
Then
tne
in
the
oy
tne
Why
had
my
why
in
tne
little
nau
hoped
nursery
maid
piayeu
DQca
had
ot
been
story
tne
God,
to
utterly
little creature
that
name
moou
Wny
with
meeting
word,
have
can
had
which
movement
ol
done
Some
know.
not
the
in
had
to
come
the window
of her
Whatever
1 looked
could
it
of iieliwattle'svoice
made;
have
some
the utter
have
pondency
des-
been, I
to
calling
was
from
me
bedroom.
the matter:'"
"What's
must
to myself,
question
thoughts and
betrayedmy
mind.
my
as
i
gesticulation
suddenlyconscious
made
had
iaiied
now
truly
ol
come
iiaa
him.
how
why
restaurant
.dui
without
know
who
i,
inoodr
.London,
in
could
all?
at
What
I do
rne
In
doorway.'
me
disillusionment
JJominica
out
one
story
to
to
realize.
ever
induced
boy
tnat
go oack
to
tailed,no
it, can
ever
with
union
FORUM
found
up, and
she
asked.
her
standingat
the window
drying
hands.
her
"
What
"
said
I, and
take
to
came
my
14
Why
that
lookingup.
sigh? she inquired, on
"
terrible
"
day
like
this?"
44
44
I wasn't
I tried to
had
of
aware
for that.
worse
read
it,"I replied.
her
somethingthe matter?
It was
not
quiteinscrutable. I
I was
to the
believing
very near
face.
that
sensation of
irritating
knowledge of her thoughts;near,
translate them.
unable
utterly
to
I had
been
to
'
Is
was
Clarissa.
meet
the truth.
almost safe
suppose
there silent
far I could
then,so well
as
be
could she
But how
So I stood
how
to
to
I know
decoy
now,
woman's
intuition. All
easilydetect.
confuses
her.
44
Is
anythingthe
matter?"
she
repeated,gently;and then
forced
was
OF
GARDEN
THE
such strategy
to
RESURRECTION
I
as
479
capableof.
was
How
could
what
1 tell her
him
ease
of his load.
There's
got up
She looked
"
down
at
she said:
of hers, and
of
can
If there
"
Perhaps I'm
me
"
I.
Then
you
were
straight
eyes
'
tell me?
won't
tired,
"
can
think
"
no
one
up to conclude my
I looked
window
would
empty.
was
waste
time.
no
Over
No
The
sentence, but she had gone.
of this sort evidently
she
matter
doubt she
was
quiteright.My saying
"
"
"
"
stocks."
"After
to
lunch?"
meal.
He
said I.
"In
took
London
any lunch
up
all."
at
by the arm.
'Appetitegoing?" he inquired,
sympathetically.
I suddenlyremembered
his surprise
at my
empty porridge
that here he imaginedhe had discovered the first
dish,realizing
starvation symptoms of an unrequited
passion.That was more
me
Oh
the
me
So
I'llcome
"
matter
headache
went
we
wonderful.
we
No
"
and
There's nothing
you,"said I.
appetite.Gettingup earlyhas given
with my
that's all."
in
to
lunch
together,when
heard from
which take
"
with
eat
her
of
possession
some
treat
me
Bellwattle
to
her
quite
stead,
sympathy. In-
was
and fancies
in such
moments
THE
480
when
as
her
FORUM
day
with herself.
And
she talked
so
have
never
dreamed, from
all
on
But
me.
been curious
ever
then,when in
drawingmy visitto
lire of questions,
not
one
be
she
"
Next
"
I
what
"
But
forget,"said I,
you
silence I announced
that
"
I can't live
ter
mat-
firsthe refused
At
me.
the
was
and clever
content
was
sudden
what
know
to
on
"
he.
for
here
We
rogate
inter-
ever.
don't care."
know
to
hospitable
too
I,
"
then I
must
get back."
"That's
"
they exclaimed
in
chorus
of
disgust.
"
It'llbe
"
since I
came," said I.
"
No
be off by then."
I must
"
more
"
anything ? began Cruikshank, and then BellI could see she did not think it safe to let
wattle interrupted.
him
of judgment where the
continue any longer. In matters
heart is concerned,men
not to be relied upon.
are
They thought,
in my littlelove affair,
no
doubt, that I had been disappointed
Is there
"
wherefore,Bellwattle demanded
happen to
the blow.
to
came
to
"
smoke
What
face.
as
no
race,
she
signal,
notice of her
men
were
the
most
received
ankle which
my
ever
obtuse
she asked
"
"
are
She made
bottom
then, he took
animals God
me
When,
the ankle.
meaninglyupon
that,because it was
know
her,and
of the
no
answer
tillwe
garden. Then
came
to
she turned
and
looked
me
at
the
in the
THE
482
lines. The
faint breath of
FORUM
as
with
which
no
in
cramped spaces
leave it all
all
"
arabis
no
city,
"
voice
"
"
The
to you,
calling
can't deny it."
you
"
Yes
got his
and who
"
after this is
of London
eyes
'
singing?
women
applyin my
melody to me.
raucous
wax
was
song
there's
when
didn't put
it who
was
I suppose
to
men
It
"
London
hear
you
for the
might pursue
Don't
And
compare.
how
matter
"
of
could
of life justthat
heritage
forgetfulness.
my
of
snow
case.
It's
sing."
were
fullof tenderness
as
she looked
at me.
was
"
"
"
in my
ears
to
my
littletheatres.
there
not
are
so
in the Park
back for
fish as we've
many
I shall be
and
see
week
caughtin
happy
or
the
two,
weeks."
I said that for her
to
laugh at,
firmlyin determination.
Very well," said she,
"
to
treat
learn that
woman
as
you
when
away
"
she
get older."
tell me
from
and
mine
nothing.
reallywants
to
her
It's not
know.
smile.
even
lipsset,
the way
But
you'll
GARDEN
THE
"
learn
I shall never
RESURRECTION
483
said I.
anythingabout women,"
shoulders
shruggedher
She
OF
and
began
to
walk
back
to
the
house.
"
Was
"
It
that
"
threat?
"
whatever
was
down
ran
What
the
do you
"
mean?
"
I asked.
What
are
you
going to
do?"
"
don't understand
You
"
of
tone
my
replied.
I admitted
I did not,
of my
"
days.
Every woman,"
whereupon she
to
me
said
out
on
for the
rest
on
He
XX
I watched
Cruikshank
ding
bed-
been warned
to be
evidently
he says about my going. I gatherthat from
leaves the subject
severelyalone. It shows a
his stocks.
fact that he
that
statement
careful what
and remember
London
CHAPTER
For
made
has
which,while it may
his part
very
the
cretion
dis-
valor,
its own
ends. I can
irritating
imagine
way of defeating
while Cruikalltheyhave been sayingabout Clarissa and myself,
shank,
is patting
self
himhidinghis head under the sand of silence,
has
an
on
It was
him
of
thinking
WThen
not
cannot
all he knows.
see
the labors of
over
began,"said he,
"
I used
to
me
ask
garden.
think I
was
an
old
man.
After
pause,
during which
he
never
stoppedworking,I
"
"
"
"
"
"
THE
484
!
generosity
that
as
"
Do
The
are
remember
you
walkinground
up
the
to him.
one
startling
train of thought.
"Why?
Why?" he repeated.
"
on
away
Oh
Why?
the best of
I looked
He
I don't know.
"
end
us
back
All of
He
him
at
I had
Of
had
not
"
and
course,
the
followed
my
the
as
knew
thought we
beginas
us
once
standing
up, with
of
face was
a picture
Before
We
by being clowns
was
his
ous
gener-
heel.
my
as
Quad," said I,
his shoulder.
quicklyover
I turned
the world
"
women?
looked
questionwas
onlyother living
thingsin
women.
talkingabout
He
FORUM
teachers in the
in
of
of the
out
stock in his
much
temple,
booth."
passed
tinyroot
so
garden.
hand, and
bewilderment.
decided upon
the long,low
direction
any
to
follow,I found
sea-scented beach,
warm
fieldsto
cross
tilla farm
his pen.
There, too,
farmhouse
lamp
with
its roof
I think
hearts
well of
as
beatingeach
The
farm
to
windows
quickblue
belongs to
the house.
It
feet take
lettingmy
as
longwhite
Whenever
they put their
draws in,
the eveninglight
spurt of
named
one
thing.
suppose
I would
match," of
the
"
two
was
me
corn,
not
land, some
I wandered,
there,through all his fields,
as
they wished.
return
to
the house
I had
It seemed
was
to
determined
tea.
no
upon
They might*
what
longer the
of
the
Power, whose
been measured
each."
of pasture fieldsand
acres
fifty
around
the
though it had
fieldsand
low-lying
as
of thatch.
in those farmhouse
"
the
are
appears.
confidence.
why
There
were
all the
everything;
edge
beingthoughta fool,added to the knowlshe had alreadytold Cruikshank,would be
Of course,
Any
would
woman
485
of
me
of that which
more
RESURRECTION
OF
GARDEN
THE
think
so
of
equipmentas
she would
who
man
think
me
undertakes
fool.
knight-
is mine.
behind a
I sat down
to tea-time,
When, therefore,it came
tree of hawthorn, white with blossom,justlookinginto the heart
of the country which
month
to
It
I knew
I should
not
againfor
see
come.
then
was
as
sat
there,that I
saw
figureof General
Dandy would have
the
Ffrench
many
his collar
down,
you
young
gentleman was
field from
not
came
moment
devil!
"
too
said
followinga
ceremonies
conduct.
I,below
breath,for
my
track
beaten
hearingof
I had avoided
My
soon.
through the
of
escape
the old
his
queen's
watch
this strange
two-leggedcreature
as
a
am.
prisoner,
compelledto
go by without any of
Keep still,
you littlefool!
He looked back piteously
over
"
It's a
man," he whined.
"
whispered.
face.
486
THE
"
"
"
I know
said I.
that,''
FORUM
gun."
I replied
with triumph.
one
cartridge,"
onlygot
"
You
him."
watch
And
watched
fidence
I,with that calm conDandy breathlessly,
born of a superior
pected
knowledge. It was Dandy who exhim to raise his gun at the slightest
and blow
provocation
the very heavens to pieces,
when, collar or no collar,he would
have been off into the fields,
dancinghere, there and everywhere
without the faintest conception
of what he was
doing. But I
knew better than that. The old gentlemanmoved
slowlyand
who is following
ings
the subtle and intricateworkas one
stealthily,
of a trail. Justto see him made me
think of the days at
we
school with
"
Latin grammar
outside the desk and the story of
Sioux Indians within. To manipulate
the readingof the one with
a
apparentlyengrossingstudy of
an
First,your
the sudden
goes
face
the other, is
that consternation
assumes
no
which
feat.
mean
with
comes
"
"
up
all
for five
I don't suppose I could do it now
of a Sioux Indian,
minutes without immediate discovery.It was
so
very
long ago.
at
least
consent
to
shoot.
was
the
THE
OF
GARDEN
RESURRECTION
487
Times
There
were
acquiredfor
had
such
He
as
him.
three breathless
he took
not
were
For
hour
an
blown
lost that
the world
was,
pieces.He
to
I think I
have
must
sat
then,as I
And
came.
home, he appearedonce
in
more
was
under
once.
that hawthorn
sudden
to my
rose
thunder
feet
sight.This time he
Dandy rushed back
escapinghim then.
at the barrel
him; sniffed suspiciously
as
not
was
no
words
many
to
of
return
saw
me.
to
meet
sit still
not
cunningof his
quitestill;the
fired
never
of
everlasting
expectation
It never
There
that he had
it
he steadied himself
when
moments
can
He
"
shook
he
came
with
up
me.
his head.
"
Not
one.
thoughta
"
fool. God
I'm
He
glad to find,"said I,
blaze away
took my arm
"You
for the
"
think,"said he,
who
But the
moment
him.
There
on
blandly
came
will not be
he may be one.
completely
of those
that you'renot one
sake of shooting."
"
mere
men
He
man.
that.
at
"
of those
who
men
instinctof
common
have
"
it,"said I,
without
an
he had
a
"
said he.
if you
flattering
myself,that
unusual
amount
out
from
I'm
one
of self-control."
playedher prankswith
the undergrowth to sit
us.
Up went his gun.
said it,Fate
rabbit
had."
THE
488
"
Keep
And
FORUM
then,whether
it were
mistake
by
the
trigger
or, happeningon some
found the sightat once, however
horrible
odd
whisper.
that his
fingerpulled
it was,
he 'fired.
Immediately
down
disconsolately
"
Must
have
how
to
set
Dandy searchingfor
"Fetch
him!
from
around
rabbit-hole
one
to
Dandy jumped
me
giddy.
"
It
sorry
not
was
for him.
an
shot,"said I, for I
easy
I knew
he would
No, it was
must
confess I felt
never
ridge
cart-
me.
"
I knew
to
be
not
he entertained
inevitable,
me
in Dublin.
At his own
queen'sreception
gate we parted,
know how I escaped. His desire
though to this day I scarcely
in such
that I should meet his sister,
Mrs. Quigley,
was
expressed
old
inordinate
an
insult. It
see
made
Clarissa's
me
of
terms
as to
flattery
make
my
refusal tantamount
to
was
adamant.
had
come
to
me
is more
than I
can
last
THE
490
FORUM
that
mysterioussecret of content
it clear.
to make
possession
But that,"said I to myself,
"
which
"
"
Out
within
"
of the mouths
needs
is the talk of
"
of babes
began
child."
To
which
at
was
voice
had
me
no
"
is the talk of
to say.
more
this moment
toward
away
In
dozen
home.
steps I had
working quicklyin
"
What
you
Seeingthe
Miss
"
The
come
with her.
up
been
doing in
"
there?
I asked.
Fennells,"she replied,
promptly.
Miss Fennells,"
said I, are in Youghal,and will not
"
tilllate this
evening."
and
"Why did you ask, then?" she replied,
in her voice that it was
I who should
suggestion
leadingher to tell the lie.
"
"
When
tell a person
you
reason
you
the
On
hands.
own
XXI
Her
Whether
it would
seem
her
saw
"Why?"
II
or
visit of the
eveningbefore
for itsintention
not
cannot
Because
least. No
sooner
I asked.
we
want
talk with
rightly
guess.
taken
than
somethinghas happened.
breakfast
garden and
Wednesday
for
know."
assumptionof
into her
matters
be blamed
the
more.
consumed
was
CHAPTER
am
to
there
she answered,
nothingyourself,"
"
was
Suspicion
mind.
my
have
return
or
urgent
an
saw
the
child."
me.
and aloud,
That," said I, emphatically
It
of
qualities
no
you
to."
had
she made
me
out
into
tillTuesday
this request
THE
"
wanted
said you
YouVe
But
time.
OF
GARDEN
why Tuesday
distressful look
RESURRECTION
to
me
stay
Wednesday?
or
came
give me answer.
Must you alwayshave
favor she is asking?"
It's good policy,"
said
491
indefinite lengthof
an
"
she
as
spiratio
in-
sought for
to
"
the
"
"
Yes
before you
reason
grant
I.
the
with
being political
of
good
"
woman?
"
what's
but
"
woman's
It needs
than
more
better of
"
said I, smiling, if
politics,"
her. Can't you tell me
why you
one's
want
"
"
No"
"
Well,
I can't"
now,
that's
"
reasonable
I know."
now
"
You
know
can
much
as
nesday,
like if you stay until Wedwrong
you were."
as
you
in
absolutely
am
At
ithas
somethingto
about
walked
we
the expense
truth.
11
Being
greater
She
sense
even
You
"
I'm
me
don't think
going to
on
said
of honor
Beyond
see
our
me
to
out
come
of my
woman,"
glanced at
11
to
up the boreen
at
as
the dark.
do with Clarissa.
far
"
I, suddenly,
than I have
oddly with
as
that
you
reallyhave
man."
one
suspecting
eye.
that,"she said.
it,"said I.
"
I'm
going to betray a
confidence which was
betrayedto me, if you will promise not
to turn round and betray
my confidence in you."
Say that all again,"she asked.
I repeatedit,slowlyand simply,
word for word.
And you expect me
to keep my
promise of secrecy when
you and somebody else have broken yours?
If you make the promise,"
ing
said I, yes. I've said that, beprove
"
II
"
"
woman,
you
have
greater
sense
of honor
than I.
I'm
THE
492
going to
She
prove
gazed
I could
well.
is not
it in her
see
"
Go
paused for
After
eyes.
in the world
woman
FORUM
who
that, there
accepting
have givenme
away.
would
moment
let my
to
words
get
I had it out.
suddenly,
Why did you tell Cruikshank," I asked,
to live in the cottage next
year?
"
"
weight,and then,
that I
was
coming
"
She knew
"
When
"
Some
she
in
was
and
corner,
"
she
she
inquired.
garden. Only after
he'd
tioned
men-
it did he remember
of it. Had
said
anythingabout
and I
want
to
there
wherewith
blame
no
can
know."
She looked
which
it. But
at me
for
from
came
her
one
surprises
you so much.
When
swered,
a
woman
hopes for a thing very much," she anshe always says that it is going to be. Every woman
bear disappointment.She has to bear it all her life. But
can
verse,
hope. Men alwayssay the reyou killher when you take away
because they know
bear the disappointment.
they can never
That's the sort of reason
why I told Cruikshank you
were
coming here next year."
That was
all the success
I got out of my surprising
her, an
for myselfso delicately
expressionof sympathy and appreciation
conveyedthat it robbed me of all power to wonder whether it
at
moments
she
"
"
the truth.
were
then
from
me
wear
when
It did
to
me
I got back
come
London,
to
she would
of those Victorian
one
about
on
these cliffs. On
dered
won-
accept
sun-bonnets
to
her.
"
met.
"
she walks
I asked
She
"
if,when
the present of
moment
ever
She wanted
not
seem
so
send you
said I
odd
one?
the oddest
was
to
"
me.
said I.
man
she had
OF
GARDEN
THE
RESURRECTION
493
it? "
"
And
"
"
Then, when
wear
you'll
next
come
see
you
in it."
were
She shook
"
I've
But
mind.
never
he
came
I had
seen
as
him
seen
before,"she replied.
nearer
him.
seemed
memory
But where?
For
into mine.
his eyes looked with recognition
In the restaurant
it all came
back.
moment
that
talkingto
"
lover
"
the
"
God!
My
"
I had
man
CHAPTER
in the
garden. The
that
"
nightat
liqueur
"
per
sup-
rissa's
Cla-
by, and
quitewhite.
gone
were
as
XXII
Sunday it is Cruikshank's
On
moment
he had
muttered,when
he
hate.
to
come
my
as
was
in that
over
woman
It
Where?
passedus
quiverin
to
is
custom
to
rest
from
his labors
of
hypocrisy.He does
because
it,not that he may be seen of others,but, as I fullybelieve,
sentiment within him, which
there is a depth of religious
would never
deter him
one
suspect. This does not absolutely
custom
not
one
describe
as
work.
That
alwaysreadyto
stem
demand
he wanders
of
spirit
to
his scruples
religious
may
gardener,however
hand
be, would
which
ever
pocketof
should
his
coat
"
littletangleof bass is
droopingplantor
an
overweighted
contentment
possess.
trees
rose
as
I would
givemy
fortyyears
of idleness
THE
494
"
FORUM
"
seven
omnipotentpower
it,never
chiselling
allowingit a
an
of stillnessin which
moment
to
very littleindeed.
I like.
The
seventh,with
it means
God
honors
six which
the seventh of
And
eyes.
Him
to
dogma
means
that for
nothing. What
makes
in itsrelation
Sabbath
It'swhat
It can't honor
in the week
day
one
is the work
have
we
a
necessity
day of
that
do
we
done
in the
rest."
like herself
She would
able
to be
to say
and
omnipotent
"
"
to
say
it as he does in the
she
"
"
down
of the
"
of his
corner
What
her
held
I asked
"
shank
them," she replied. Cruik-
'
shouldn't be able
views, we
And
what
"
He
asked
do the
be
keep
church
open.
did Cruikshank
him
to
whether
"
say?
he thoughtit
thingsthey didn't
was
better
to
make
like."
the Rector?"
"And
He
said another
never
what
"
"
opinions?
'
"
"
these
Everybodywould
"
stickingout
say
your
them
say about
down
of bass
pocket.
the Rector
does
end
an
Sunday.
one
"
the
border, with
the herbaceous
do
In this
you
call it?
the
"
case," said I,
word.
"
not
He
back
straight
the Victory?'
went
Rectoryor
beingthe victor,you
to
call it the
Rectory."
"
My
no
last
Sunday
different unless
that
was
broughtto
he
Ballysheenwas no different to
I count
an
as
integral
part of it
that day.
us
in
the rest,
the
news
GARDEN
THE
Every
since
moment
I had
cliffs,
the
meeting with
our
working
been
RESURRECTION
OF
mind
my
to
495
Clarissa's lover
arrive
at
some
on
standing
under-
coming to Ballysheen.From the look in Bellwattle'sface as we passedhim, I felt assured that she knew who
it was
and, instinctivethough her knowledge must have been, I
could not but feel she had some
ground for her belief. It was
her knowledge
difficultstep from such assumptionto connect
no
with that visitwhich she had paid to the Miss Fennells' house.
of his
she then
Had
coming?
face
white?
so
Clarissa?
seen
known
sightof
Had
was
so
him
I determined
Sunday afternoon
to
make
an
end of mystery
questionher myself.
tent
In the morning it had been raining those sudden intermitshowers which April lends to May, when the great clouds
its
roll up the blue highways like the dust of a vast army
on
in his littlestudy whose walls are
march.
From
the window
lined with books that talk of gardensthe great gardenershave
made, Cruikshank watched each shower with the happy delight
of a child. Then, as the rain drops began their gentlekettledrumming on the pane, he would look round.
This is fine we wanted this badly."
said BellIt'll make
of doors impossible,"
tea
out
and
"
"
"
"
wattle.
But Cruikshank
"
as
out
cleared off
It'llhave
right.As
was
we
There
walked
down
passage
stripof
into Dutchmen's
over,
sat
we
though the
into the
his head.
shook
blue which
trousers
out
he
he replied.And
by lunch-time,"
white sun, lookto lunch,the bright
ing
into
I had
anxiously
all the morning. When
the garden.
so
it,rolled
been
stitching
the meal
you
will
was
never
see
away
Bay
into every
Helvic Head
sank
nobly down
into
sea
of emerald.
On
the
496
THE
far horizon
in the
'
And
the
rose
mistymountains,blue
this is what
You've
I shook
onlyto
head
my
You've
'
and tried
made
really
to
"
mind?
up your
so
like his
I waited
then
to
get
ness,
good-
said Bellwattle.
it is to be alone."
know
you
pause,
and
what
after it I
"
her
up
he turned away
"
I'm afraid
turned
stones
moon-
morning."
to-morrow
laugh. It was
then. So
to me
so
impossible
by the beds.
strolled down
"
lightof
laid
and seemed
and
the
am
to
as
sun.
Cruikshank
'
FORUM
man
"
was
"
"
"
Are
"
Absolutely."
"
How
"
at
"
sure?
you
For
about
been the
it
all?"
It
was
meaning of
had
returned from
face.
my
that I
"
"
"
she had
me
bringmy
must
my
Upon
seems
this had
on
that
day
when
read it there.
visit to
woman
Clarissa?
that
cliffs,
It
in her mind
a
the
She assured
I announced
that
For
everything.
me
And
close,she made
place. But
matters
when
so,
she
it is
acts
tain
cer-
only
not
them.
upon
that,"said I, ".yougo
to
see
"
Why
not?
You
knew
I knew
were
you
right."
right? Without
was
askingme
proof
for
of it?"
"
any
Proof
more
sentence
one
reasoningof
in it, an
"
It doesn't make
help,"she replied.
things
f
real."
in that
And
subtle
doesn't
unconscious
woman's
I received
for reasoningthere is
intuition;
reasoning from
impressionsrather
than
THE
498
She
to
"
down
sat
I gave
What
"
'
More
'
Sayingthat
he did
back
to
"
My
"
At
"
said
that
"When
I,
what
"
her
enough. She
true."
was
longer;that if
would go straight
going to
of her intelligence.
contemptuous
had
her."
marry
done.
money," said I,
of honor.
He'll marry
"
he's said
her
right
of course?"
wrote,
She
"
Did
she say
"
Nothing at
"
But
"
Yes
anythingabout
"
me?
first."
"
she said
something?
she wanted
"
I told her it
know
why
you
because
you
were
to
had
come
did."
you
"
man
tioned
mo-
"
he is
woman's
"
other
she
any
she
once,
mean
follyshe
good-byeto
at
is after
man
about him
I felt almost
moment
"
and
trees
not
to
she could
come
God!
you'dsaid
do.
to
and marry
Dominica."
not
nut
"
Sayingwhat?
'*
the
I believed
"
beneath
seat
to
me
the
on
FORUM
"
I had
was
every
except one."
met
ever
different from
"Who?"
"
Cruikshank."
"
What
do you
"
What
I say.
laughed bitterly.
"
There's
have
done
the
"
no
"
more
classics. There's
We
resemblance
than between
oppositepoles. At
"
would
me."
me," said I,
at
I believe Cruikshank
before he married
same
"
mean?
won't
the
Chinee
between
and
Varsityhe
the difference in
was
Red
Indian.
We're
mathematics, I
was
nutshell."
"
argue
and
Cruikshank
what I
mean
GARDEN
THE
I told her.
out
"
then Bellwattle
"
Yes
"
to
it
done
not
You're
that
"
on," said I;
Work
"
Now
"
clever
"
of
and then I
able."
he's comfort-
stopped. I
silenced her
had
are
spot where
she
remembered
'
before.
once
Go
they?
are
fresh air
adventure."
"
there is a lot of
and
women
"
in that.
sense
"
he have
frightenedme.
"
what
said, Wine
she
"
that there
out
woman
"
pause
repeated, and
"
"
hands
sentence.
move
man
the word
have
that make
"
finishher
how
if you had
me
paused.
said
yes
"
wanted her
"
499
spite."
And
was
She asked
so
"
RESURRECTION
What
"
is
OF
thought it sounded
I know
And
horses."
who
man
only would
not
well,but he would
would
have
believed
it to be true.
"
"
thingsthat
are
in the dark.
grow
She
A
never
tions
convic-
woman's
knows
whether
"
"
"
"
Good
No
Lord
You
of course,
"
"What
"
didn't tellher I
I didn't.
Because
was
'
you'renot."
then?"
ever
she
was
in trouble she
was
to
go
to
you."
"
You
to
London
then?
"
"No."
"
Then
"
To
why
show
who
women
was
do what
justabout
you
to
expect them
laugh
at
I don't know
to."
that,when
the
THE
500
drive
the Miss
"
FORUM
Fennells walk
What
have
toward
up
they come
saw
the house.
"
for?
I asked.
"
on
They often come
Sunday afternoons,"she replied,
easily.
They won't stay long you needn't be afraid. They have to
"
"
later
moment
of
cups
came
tea
at
the
tea
Fennells
demurely
following.
"
looks
It almost
They
came
if
as
on
tea
said I.
belied them.
raise his
saw
"
It would
I thanked
"
mental
"
in
thingto
do with that
Street.
Mount
me
"
asked,politely.
in Chelsea, and I made
rooms
of it.
note
He's
gone
already,then?
"
said
I, with
wild
hope rising
me.
"
to
to
the best
Where
She gave
a
round
came
of my
the bottom
be difficultto know
if he
man
young
so
from
Heaven
It would
not.
be
Oh,
be
yes
"
married
he
from
sister's house
my
Fawdry. They're
London
they
directly
Miss
yesterdaywith
went
in
get over."
There
may
departed.
my
failure
of
son
"
ear;
recall
cannot
word
needn't
when
more
and
forgetfulness,
You
so
was
have been
I had
come
to
shaken
of
theyactually
gone
to
knew
GARDEN
THE
the
It
that
of
full
"
old
suggested
never
suggested
won't
take
Why
he
he
could
him
seen
11
to
get
I'm
so
Whereupon
all
I
she's
I'm
then
all
do
trick
it
he
it
for
damned
he
two
life
To
be
It
over.
it
"
was
was
They
of
capable
of
telling
when
manners
"
it he
but
more;
he
trick
When
dignity.
without
understand;
me
it
gave
he
did
hind
continued)
paws
and
was
he
up.
it then.
begged.
had
found
he
repeated.
his
on
stared,
distress.
him
taught
no
or
years
up
had
his
I'm
life
the
and
in
ugly,"
sat
hurt
wanted
in
think
for
cannot
energy
because
its
ugly."
that
all
all
arranged
are
woman
don't
damned
so
of
me
feet,
my
It's
things
help
they
"
offering
at
gone.
these
should
me
puppy,
taken
never
not
where
it
of
glimmer
face.
"
I,
is
down
"
did
faint
one
life
sitting
my
said
fella,"
repeated
young
see
when
and,
into
from
because
wild,
he
it
does
came
that
truth
but
he
ever
comprehension,
Well,
to
501
none.
Dandy
never
the
as
RESURRECTION
trying
trees
was
then,
was
blackest,
nut
there
where
hope
the
under
seat
OF
that
I
had
SOCIALISM
Louis V. Ledoux
Memorial
And
citiessappedby slow
HUNDRED
we
Another
Surcease
hundred
decay,
vain
to-day
think to gain
code evolving,
of man's inheritance of pain
plod the
who
barren
waste
from
State immune
evil's sway.
And
mould
Not
The
in the heart,
justice
creed
golden rule become the people's
have performedtheir part;
years of training
The
When
need,
old Socratic
we
502
be freed.
mart
EDITORIAL
WHY
NOTES
is it that in America
which should
publicopinion,
be
country. The
centralized. Another
rather
continent,
is diffused,
of responsibility
not
feeling
reason
educational methods.
is a
may
be found in the
Our
children
are
fective
degenerally
trained in prejudices,
instead of
come
: no
movement
so
503
THE
504
constant
stream
of
men
FORUM
whose
The
which
theyknow
to
the anomalies
of
our
must
ratify
based
Constitution,
be
cancerous
States
draw
ating
negoti-
attention
outmoded
on
ples
princi-
and
to the political
unresponsive
experimentsand progress
which have made
it is practised
as
parliamentary
government,
in Europe, Canada, Australia,
New
Zealand and South Africa,a
the will
far more
sensitive and reliable medium
for expressing
of the people. The members
of the Cabinet should be on the
floor of the House
of Representatives,
mate
legitiready to answer
questionsand explaintheir policy;and it should not be
for a Chief Executive who retains the confidence of the
possible
and autocratic body.
peopleto be overruled by any irresponsible
of other countries
It is not too late to learn from the experience
tinct
showed a disand to revise a Constitution which in its inception
tutions
and memorable
improvement upon the monarchist instiof the time, but which is now
too rigidand cumbersome
for effectiveaction in the foremost Republicin the world.
The
is
agreements
and
crime.
forward
It is difficultto
intended
for
movement
It has been
who
"
bloodshed
nations concerned
"
"
the
It is
be taken
arbitration
der,
blun-
tensibly
os-
reasons
The
seriously.
years
was
almost
est
greatplished.
accom-
: or
the action
to
inexcusable.
hundred
the
misrepresent
behind
virility
nation.
If there
had
been
any
for
sincere,if stupid,
preference
an
avowed
enmity for
have
one
of the
aroused less
tempt;
con-
which have
meaninglessand trivial objections
valid
Even
the country.
Senators will not satisfy
but the
satisfiedthe
to
arrested
those
regard
and
incomprehensible
givenwere
the
with
THE
5o6
of
to
FORUM
it to its originators.
His invariable method
is
transferring
that onlythe evil-minded can imagine evil: whosoever
assume
records it faithfully,
is merelya slanderer
cities. There is
possible
vice in New
York: it exists only in the imagination
of the
no
vicious who
befoul the fair fame of the city because of their
inherent depravity.
There is no grafting,
honest
because onlya disown
"
"
man
between
understanding
ridiculous idea.
There
is
no
"
Testament:
to
hear,
ostrich is
not
or
He
the
that hath
Tom
strike in
eyes
confined
Mann,
England, was
and
Court
became
gradually
more
vehement.
to
"
to
see,
to
let him
South
*
Mr.
ears
dress, was
more
For
The
the
recent
gigantic
it
that hath
organizerof
well-known
Mr.
Africa.
*
the chief
"
time he combined
labor
became
propaganda
tralia,
Then he went to Auskeepingof a saloon in London.
but was
regarded as a firebrand and received without
enthusiasm by all but the extremists. He returned to England,
or
and commenced
to developthe idea of industrial solidarity
ism
He realized that the older methods of trade unionsyndicalism.
restricted too severely
were
by financial conditions: there
with the
EDITORIAL
NOTES
507
no
the method
unrestricted
to
a
and
name
mere
few
men
If Governments
use.
shadow
regulatethe
can
"
effective for
too
anythingbut the
tervene
inof authority,
they must inevitably
force. For if
developmentof the new
are
in their
concentrate
the industries of
effective
be made
can
to
retain
whole
own
"
those who
can
at
is now
a
mob-spirit
or
large. Let loose
no
more
which
plungethe
small
sinister characteristic of every strike,
scale,itbecomes a menace
on
a nation-wide
Government
making: evolution
The
can
will have
tolerate.
forethoughtand
compared with which
struggle
its way.
wise
the
trivial.
seem
or
excitement,a
of those who
court
enter
room
has
effect on
disconcerting
of free choice.
or
it,unwillingly
Here
most
the
vague
THE
508
to
ally,
do himself
sonable
justice.He needs, and is entitled to, all reaassistance. Any browbeating,therefore, whether
of
or
suspectedculprits
of witnesses,should be avoided.
be vindicated without
can
FORUM
There
was
New
an
astonishingleader
not
long
or
ago
The
law
simulated.
in
nent
promi-
York
the paper
journal. Gravely and decorously,
stances
congratulatedthe reporters of the citybecause in certain inbogus interviews in
they had refrained from inventing
other words, from telling
deliberate lies to delude the public.
That
this has often been done, we
The publichas been
know.
"
treated
it desired
as
as
"
uneducated
gullible,
mob, indifferent
to
eager
tastes;
and
it has
lost much
of its influence in
quence.
conse-
honorable men,
with
has many
and it needs a code of ethics
keen, fine brains: but it needs more;
The
which
newspaper
world
tell the
boastingbecause
it has
managed
to
bish.
of all temptationsto invent sensational rubtruth,in spite
The
publichas
come
to
marriage or
a
average,
interesting
un-
Prometheus;
the press, the great modern
of the
thus is signalizedthe march of education and the uplifting
the
dignityof
EDITORIAL
And
masses.
so
NOTES
509
of the
leadingpaper, worthy representative
that reporters
to
whom
credit
is due.
*
once
more
good
which
of
brilliant success
The
men,
York
pitcher,
Like many
other
pointsthe moral of perseverance.
he was
handicappedat firstby the great reputation
he had
paid for
his transfer
effect of its
hung round
in
equivalent
check which
enormous
had
silver dollars.
Those
been
restraining
who
came
to
If there
onlyone
were
there
annually,
would
of
case
stillbe
one
lynchingin
case
too
the United
many.
States
false impression
"
to
of barbarous
There
is
element
an
blood-lust,that is ominous
human-
FORUM
THE
5io
at its worst
nature
law is not
exhibitions. If the
distressing
and
enough,to enforce justice
give some
can
enough, or sure
respect, let it be strengthenedand vitalized: the people
secure
strong
hands.
But until a few lawless
remedy in their own
lynchershave been taught that murder remains murder, even
that delights
in wanton
though demanded
by a mob, the spirit
the
have
will have
savagery
The
its way.
effectiveness,
so
prevalentin America,
of its
tolerated.
The
that
argument
we
are
can
no
longerbe
nation,and that
young
astonishing
progress in a short time, is specious,
After all,we began where other nations left
but disingenuous.
off. We
be measured
must
by our own standards.
we
have
made
The
the
dogs
be
must
be of
may
eliminated
from
littleone
animals,however
that
cities. However
our
one
cries,
yieldto stupidout-
may
from
apart
even
fond
the
of
menace
trolled
hydrophobia,the risks incurred through ownerless and uncondogs are too serious to be permittedany longer. It is
of children who have
to realize the excessive number
distressing
paid with mutilation and painfor the carelessness or ignorance
of the authorities and of the publicgenerally.Unfortunately,
the friends of
dogs
It should
measures
Whatever
are
be the outcome
has received
as
matter
of
course
rabid
as
to
ponents.
op-
uation,
sit-
in the
object-lesson
countries had
"
extreme
tribunal
judicial
in
their
of the Franco-German
valuable
If the two
expect
as
recognizedby both
and necessary.
possible
of arbitration.
to
often
be
may
the world
too
are
civilized era
"
been
as
portance
im-
pledged
one
there would
would
have
The mere
race-animosity.
committee,
in disputeto an impartial
reference of the matter
of
would remove
one
and deliberate procedure,
with its dignified
been
no
war-clouds
and
no
revival of
"
EDITORIAL
the chief
but
of conflict
causes
"
be
511
hastyaction
popular clamor.
temporary,
arbitration
NOTES
in response
After
traced down
excited,
to
all,the oppositionto
the
the
small-boyoutlook
in each country who fear
attitude of the undevelopedpoliticians
that theycovet on every occathat theymight not get everything
sion;
that the decision,
and not force,
being based on justice,
might sometimes be in another's favor. When will these stupid
can
medievalists be estimated
It has been
New
"
their proper
worthlessness?
amusing to
charter
new
at
to
typed
City;the semi-serious debates,the attacks,the stereoof the Mayor. Why this elaborate criticism?
rejoinders
Tammany charter. Everythinghas been said. The rest is
York
It is a
action.
*
There
thinkers whose
some
are
discoveries
valuable
are
not
months
some
immediate
The
of
aims
Freud
turbances
and he deals particularly
with certain psychicdiscurative,
are
that do
But his
led
him,
much
are
under
come
so
far
as
the conclusions
to
the formulation
it is new,
of
an
emanating from
men
and
reason,
entire
this formulation
insanity.
more
similar efforts
of actual
the head
without
not
said,and certainly
preparingfor
But in
not
and
investigations,
It has been
is
ago.
tendency.
that Freud
psychology.
overlapsand complements
like Bergson, for
new
instance.
There
two
THE
512
places him
first
tells
places
glance,
to
large
child
the
to
of
the
of
that
we
of
his
life has
that
of its
that
may,
What
own.
one
and
he
principal
intellectual
our
stirringsof
the
mature
effect,and
find
otherwise
such
properly understood,
from
first vague
may
of
causes
and
cause
as
paralleltheories
promptings,
to
serves
from
that
phenomena
its
logicalreasoning
this chain
with
emotional
our
and
sex
extent
chain
unbroken
touch
when
widely separated
seem
feelings. Thus,
instincts
point which,
us
racial
our
closelyin
most
starting points in
life
on
It is this second
ideas.
at
he
emphasis
the
FORUM
it is
remedial
must
seem
life in the
sex
there
man,
our
runs
the
only by
an
tracing
explanations of
certain
capricious freaks
mere
of
life.
who
Those
Freud
are
inclined
to
our
applies
that
while
This
since
ever
of
process
the
the
had
to
so
by which,
from
if
Out
of
has
grown
humble
origins from
we
also
are
Urge,
many
drawing
in whose
instruments.
even
this division
would
And
which
nearer
it
in which
ever
of
when
the
our
to
Freud,
hands, according
source
to
of
Bergson,
lured
world.
Out
of
love
elled
trav-
course
the
rediscover
to
all
riphery,
pe-
precluded
present
that
own
surrounding
the
being, the
we
it.
began, and
been
retrace
of
hands
its
it
have
the
we
in
gradually
was
the
as
distinctions
beyond
gradually segregated.
was
at
for
"
of
sexual
removed
self-centration
them.
beyond
is involved
more
by
in those
begun
spoken
complementary
knowledge
knowledge.
seek,
grow
poles
persisted in, it
far, and
striving to
its
complete
feeling,thought
so
of
disinterested
any
have
seems
ever,
how-
remember,
to
But
of
one
should
is sometimes
love."
speak, and
that
from
away
been
establishment
organism
life
which
instincts
development
spiritualizationof
Through
racial
emotional
our
instincts, it has
rebel
to
are
then
Life-
only
so
THE
514
is
FORUM
brute sensation;itbecomes
"
more
inside
"
one
once
than
more
"
indefinite feeling
seemingly
an
out
there."
The
"
and
should seek
our
to
to
be.
In
fact,when
aestheticinterest
we
ideal of what
our
use
calls
"
her
nates
feelingdomi-
lovelyin placeof
the word
of
the element
life
"
gineer
en-
beauty."
Such
plete,
comas
objective,
adjectives
impersonal,disinterested,
derive their
harmonious,reposeful,
self-sufficing,
spiritual
from the fact that beauty applyingto beauty
appropriateness
Browne
scribes
dein generalthe fine old words in which Sir Thomas
"
"
"
is
of God.
harmony
'
It unites the
myself,and by degrees
the
into Heaven."
methinks resolves me
on
Ordinarypleasures,
at the
are
not, even
contrary, justbecause they lack integrity,
of
of
moment
BEAUTY
OF
PLACE
THE
LIFE
AMERICAN
IN
enjoyment,quitesatisfying.We
find
cannot
515
rest
in
if but
that
subconsciously,
they are only the raw material of life and remain essentially
lifelessuntil given form and meaning through subordination to
life'sfundamental
organization.
principle,
them, because
For
we
similar
are
depicta horrible
and worth
fascinating
form
of
the interest of
reasons,
is to
of
even
aware,
or
depressing
aspect
while
as
it may
of
wholesome, more
fundamentallytrue.
when art refreshes,
enhances,exalts,as well
in short,when it satisfiesall the modes
of
to a
pain,like discord in music, a means
largerunity,can it attain beauty.
But form impliessomething formed,
moulded
and spiritual
ends.
to significant
to
of which
life,momentarily
be, leaves
more
is not
the aim
art
one
whole
desirous
shall be
Only, therefore,
stimulates;only,
as
our
being,making
richer perfection,
a
some
material
to
be
life
spiritualize
rather by combining
To
these in their
sense,
and littlemore.
His
ever,
friend,how-
derives from
althoughhe has before him the same
objects,
them not only somethingmore
but other than pleasingsensation.
afforded to
He, too, indeed enjoysthe various pleasures
the senses
of touch, taste and color; but he, not the pleasures,
is now
the master.
Instead of their graspinghim, he grasps
them.
and relate these pleasto compare
Through his ability
ures,
them as one
to see
complex whole, he has made them
of thoughtand of a new
kind of unselfish interest. He
objects
has
won
from
the harmonious
littlegroup
before him
what
saint and
the
"
THE
516
Millet
Michael
or
Angelo,
delightswhich, however
it is true,
While
tend
lower
to
that when
we
FORUM
of another
seem
than those
world
and meaning.
keen, lack integrity
ourselves
to
dwell
we
sensations
on
organize them
wholeness, of
to
appreciate.We
that,since what
"
however
have
does
manifestations
also failed
for
work
not
to
slowlyand subtly,
outward
Puritan
of life,the
American
inheritance,as
life,has tended
"
well
to
lary
realize-its corol-
the
is bound,
spirit
through our
not
can-
senses,
unredeemed.
spiritually
the
as
limit
to
long
too
work
we
conditions of modern
the
interest to
spiritual
our
"
of it in
bigthings in life,with the result that our treatment
its scarcely
less important,
clusively
every-dayaspects has been too expractical. The habit of regardingthings as tools
to
our
merely has weakened
appreciatetheir intrinsic
ability
worth, their beauty. All kinds of exaggerationand
spiritual
false emphasis are
there is lackingthe sense
inevitable when
of proportion,and comparativeworth.
The whole of a thing
gets representedonlyby the part that looms large,that glitters.
for sport,
Thus volume comes
to stand for value, prize-winning
for culture,expensive
money-makingfor success, a collegecourse
provements
heat and the latest impictures,
etc.,for art and beauty,steam
"
"
for civilization.
for the
outer
connection
of
"
*The
same
thee
root
whole."
is
health, wholeness
significant."There
is
no
health
and
holiness
in us."
all
"Thy
springfrom
faith hath
the
made
OF
PLACE
THE
IN
BEAUTY
LIFE
AMERICAN
517
winning integrity,
meaning,beauty,recreation
the
distraction becomes
is a distress,
one's environment
liminarystep
from
to
"
of relief.
only source
The
distraction
Yet
done,
over-
man.
invasion of
unwelcome
unhappily,when
Europe by
three American
stitutio
in-
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
nerve
want
sensation
varietyless complex
find that the quietbut more
or
literature,
music,and painting
put too much
stimulation
'
interestsof scenery,
strain upon the attention and
too
nerves.
tendency
"
"
organic needs.
initiateshim
into
It also relieves
nervous
tension
and
and delightful
fresh,inspiring,
experience.It
involves in various
THE
518
FORUM
often
"
"
it in
of
larger,soberer
Scotch
golferto
I
what
"
The
opponent.
an
invitation
an
by
mean
"
the
and
lustrate
its links il-
ba'
wee
hundreds
goin'to gowf
of years
in Scotland tilla' dee."
The
in
exemplified
other sports. To
littlemore
jumping means
height,the breakingof a
largerway."
fashioned
o' bunkers
oot
hand, views
given by
answer
visit America
to
the
sheep bleatin',
the
sea,
"
the other
on
of
spirit
The
way.
European,
us,
than
for
The
running in
syne, na,
and
I'm
na,
difference is
same
the sport of
instance,
the
clearingof an unequalled
record.
To the European, however,
it presents a combination
of pleasures,
series of movements,
a
each of which, like the notes
in a melody, contributes something
to the total interest of the sport.
Again, while we have
of her best jockeysand our
given Europe some
racingseat
useful on the race track alone
Europe has given us her riding
and art of handling a
master, to initiate us into the pleasures
is obviously
manship
horse. The reason
similar;to the European, horseand peris an art, an art compact of subtle pleasures
fections,
it
the
American
t
he
while to
to
means
chiefly ability
"
"
hold
and
on
to
win
race.
terest
of our
incompleteness,
play insuch simple
us
as dull and purposeless
recreation as bicycling
and walking.
littlein these forms of play and
see
It is this narrowness,
which
and
so
we
the
forms
often
recent
them
we
of them.
is observable
weakness
same
plays of
of
European,
get littleout
The
to
represents
wholesome
Unlike
this
the
mind
approached
interest usuallytakes
practical
would
beautiful,
are
both
reveal
seem
habit is indicated
which
have
to
seem
by
vague
to
To
us.
littledesire
That
pointwhere itmay
not
are
us
thoroughlydisinterested spirit.As
visitor observed, we
much
attitude toward
our
and
in
in
is
pursue
as
an
to
far
idea
carry
as
our
to
the
something genuinely
unique,significant,
most
o/ us
our
contentment
and
narrow,
mere
waste
with
with the
the
use
of time.
use
This
of words
of all kinds of
BEAUTY
OF
PLACE
THE
IN
AMERICAN
LIFE
519
gallery
slangexpressions.We are like those visitors to a picture
of a painting
the subject
is discovered,pass on,
who, once
leavingbehind them its real message and beauty.
theatres suffers likewise from
of the playingin our
Much
of the subject,
unbalanced and incomplete
treatment
an
not only
sations,
but by the playersand audience alike. Senby the playwright,
artistic
and emotions
which, under proper
feelings,
would be held in check or even
transformed,as in a
handling,
beautiful painting
of the nude, evils and vices that in a lovely
playwould but help,like the discords in a melody,to emphasize
the beautyof the reigning
harmonies,are givena false emphasis
which makes them subtle poisonsfor the immature
anced
and unbalmind.
The
same
is led
our
serious
more
is often
treatment
When
concerns.
to
and Greek
as
comparative philology,
and studyin generalmerely as a means
exercise in
an
future
to some
that
and
practical
efficiency,
least
at
kind of
some
even
attention,
shynessin
here
make
and
the presence
tends to
now
and
treatment
the other
On
narrow.
our
if
to
instinctive
our
become
of them
actual
dental
inci-
too
we
hand, until recently,
manual
of
nothingoutside of a certain amount
terests
intrainingto help to vivifyand enrich the practical
of that vastlylargerbody of men,
the manual workers.
Unlike
the Germans,
have
done
little or
throughbroad
the manual
and
arts.
neglected. And
American
mere
workman
we
have
made
thorough instruction
Their
yet
we
and
real attempt
no
to
create
of respect for
feeling
dignityand beautyhave been
potential
wonder
at
money-making aspect
at
his lack
of his
of the
calling.That
our
the
science
THE
520
and
FORUM
our
from
for action,
inevitable,
no
was
suffered in
have
a
or
way
other
an-
purelyutilitarian spirit
narrow,
what
matter
one
its nature
be, can
may
be
never
or
successful,
entirely
thought complete and profound,
and
monious
harpursued in the spiritof free, yet disciplined
of beauty.
play,which is the spirit
unless
It is
not
views
of
wondered
be
to
and
utility
faces
"
dry
"
have
checked
most
in what
"
outside
ficial
super-
in
and
the
us
our
should
and
narrow
poverty should
our
worth
the sensibilitiesand
developmentof
of
that these
at
tional
emo-
ness
drearimanners
uncreative aspect of
unimaginative,
critic has termed
the sharp and rather
part
American
Nor
man.
is it
that the
"
"
believe,because of
and
eloquentof
manners
life that
so
many
failure
to
make
our
customs,
This
becomes
as
he is
the
more
confirmed
to
do,
likely
when
that those
feelingswhich
to
him
streets,
can
beautiful side of Ameri-
the finer,more
money-mine.
said, is
our
the
merely as a
hardly be
which
happily
un-
covers,
immigrant dis-
those pointsof
objects,
the special
signsof
are
THE
522
distinction.
FORUM
find it hard
in
we
making themselves
are
signsof
Yet
attitude toward
new
characteristic haste
our
visible evidence
take these
But
of
to
evident
art
be
all hands
on
clear
and
beautyis certain.
doing,to give outward
change of heart, we
our
are
inclined
seem
Yet
and
to
know
certainly
we
We
know
that the
materials of
life. Hence
our
realize
it is
"
we
most
need
to
organic
beautythat our profounderand more
life is revealed,and only as beautycan
it be sought and won.
What
seek in aestheticenjoymentis trulyto find ourselves,
we
if only for a moment,
ties
and our activiin the world which nature
This
to
selves
ourare
continually
creatingfor us.
express
"
as
"
that
so
we
may
realize ourselves
is the
"
true
aesthetic
materials of
simplest
life is a greater aestheticachievement than partially
to
live,
reour
of another.
alien work of art, the insights
throughsome
It is sometimes maintained that such beautyas the ordinary
is so petty in its range, so
is likely
create
man
to discover or
that it is liable to hurt
limited in its spiritual
and moral appeal,
rather than help our
and moral vision. That there ist
spiritual
goal. Hence
danger
to
to
create
beautyout
I readily
aestheticperfection
admit.
We
are
too
of the
in the
But
vital,practicaland, when
"
dumbly) spiritualever
"
to
become
not
forms
narrower
for
us
of
Americans.
undulyabsorbed
in the pur-
BEAUTY
OF
PLACE
THE
LIFE
AMERICAN
IN
523
of the
perfections,
personaland primitive
material aspects of beauty. The
lesser and more
danger is
and life,
rather that in our love for mere
we
activity
forgetto
give it shape,meaning,beauty,at all.
in every-day
of goodness and perfection
The presentation
realized form, the frequentsumming up and
concrete, vitally
of our
active life in shapesof
of the significance
precipitation
This is the
importanceto us.
beauty is,therefore,of special
suit of the smaller
true, I
more
believe,because
in
are
justnow
organizations
old views
and
of
ways
our
a
state
livingtoo
of transition.
narrow,
we
are
social
our
Findingthe
making all
I have tried
realization of
weaknesses.
the
satisfying
beautycan
I have
in
would
the
For
to
few ways
help to
also tried
realization
to
in which
overcome
I believe
true
uncertain national
suggest how,
by orderingand
and serenity
helpsto bringinsight
or
narrow
general way
fundamental
more
organism, such
into the
indicate
to
harmony
of
so
further
to
society. But
it
I to omit
keystoneout of the arch were
direct and special
service of beautyto man
as
a social animal.
beauty,justbecause of its appealto the primordial i. e.,
be
to
leave the
"
the emotional
one
of the
the
give and
"
as
well
as
to
the intellectualpart of
man,
is
and most
direct modes of communicating
profoundest
It is
feelingand spreadinghuman sympathy that we know.
into the life and ideals
beautywhich givesus most of our insight
of alien nations remote
in time and space.
It is the beautyand
ideal which make
it socially
glow of a new
contagious,which
give it its power to appeal to the hearts of a whole people.
The creator
of beauty,
the artist,
is indeed seldom interested in
take of social life
"
in
fact,he
may
appear
to
be
THE
524
selfish
is
recluse;
exerting
the
unsocial
apparently
for
influence,
world
he
conscious
of
interests.
and
sympathies
his
social
make
to
way
of
spite
tremendous
vital
very
in
but,
FORUM
he
nature,
in
helping
is
its
deeper
mon
com-
'
If, then,
of
we
if
beauty,
imposed
alone
of
in
perfection
heavily
make
beauty
make
life
The
beaute,
la
et
patrie,
vives
des
s} eclairent
celui
qui
ideal
lui
qui
obeit;
des
grandes
des
porte
ideal
de
reflets
pensees,
de
smaller
these
the
tions
tempta-
of
views
life
deserving
more
value.
beautiful
more
as
scientist
great
vertus
is,
the
ordination
sub-
tried
have
so
of
For,
to
and
to
show,
to
good.
inscribed
be
to
when
practical
life
beautiful
the
which
remember
interest
make
to
completely
caused
Heureux
is
genuinely
more
words
Pasteur,
life
serve
but
days,
more
the
means
it
which
by
of
materialistic
of
none
"
while
that
whole,
can
we
ing
mean-
something
discipline
the
these
human
no
love
our
more
it
make
us,
in
trivial,
partial,
of
"
be
to
the
true
not
own;
discipline
if
larger
seem
upon
this
interest
the
the
of
would
and
study
"
behalf
press
in
less
no
that
it is
its
to
the
grasp
that
coming
means
produced;
part
vulgar,
to
to
the
there
things,
is
joy
true
itself
it
joy,
means
firmly
remember
but
life
but
but
can
can
we
life,
on
therefore
our
Americans
de
his
on
soi
en
un
I''art, ideal
I'Evangilef
et
Yinfini."
des
friend
and
tomb
Ce
grandes
ideal
un
la
sont
humanity,
worth
are
Dieu,
de
of
science,
la
actions.
les
membering.
re-
de
ideal
sources
Toutes
la
de
DOCTRINE
MONROE
THE
Julius
THERE
States that
THE
BALANCE
Chambers
amendments
are
United
IN
the
to
have
never
Constitution
been
of
ratified by
the
vote
hungry
for
is the
answer.
earlydate, to
assume
"
of the Monroe
test
fields of
new
Some
one
Doctrine
them
among
be
cannot
therefore,is a
timely,
the obligations
to which
expansion?
is destined,
at
that Continent
attitude toward
an
States.
In
that
short,a
long deferred.
Most
and of
Whither
acre.
demand
must
its last
to
turn
powers
America
an
Europe
yet
Government
our
committed.
The
it has
sacred
to
reverence
never
is dear
received the
the
peopleof
may
be due
heart.
though
Al-
approvalof Congress,it is as
the United
to
the American
to
States
as
statute.
any
This
original
suggestion
of the
was
and
the
to
Doctrine
Monroe
made
policywas
the aggressor.
threat
More
never
againstunnamed
have
can
It
no
control
had
it by force of
of the Monroe
any
arms.
international
which
over
parties,
unless they trespass
curious still,
the United
pledge to
an
South
States
American
never
State
Every American
to
status.
the United
It is
States
its
territory.
has giventhe slightest
uphold and defend
upon
the
meaning
that Washington urged
understands
FORUM
THE
526
the avoidance
of
correlated
them;
An
examination
of every document
ject
relatingto this supremelyimportantsubfails to disclose a specific
assertion that the United States
will go
to
drive
to
war
An
territory.
allegedhistorian,in
Monroe
is
flippantreference
stronger
no
States
power
than
the
the
to
United
of the Constitution
same
the
cient
possessionof suffi-
enforce it.
The
American
Doctrine
upon
the destinies of
this
The
Republic has been far-reaching.
Clayton-Bulwer
treaty, ratified July4, 1850, by which England and the United
of a proStates pledged themselves to respect the neutrality
posed
canal
the
across
Isthmus,was thoughtby many able
ship
to
men
concession
on
was
new
at
army
Monroe
Grand
Confederate
The
soldiers
to
to
extend the
at
was
the
strengthen
Monroe
of the United
States
frontier
horizon
political
President
the
After
Duke.
The
the Russian
invasion.
uphold the
the
by marching into Mexico and expelling
forestalled intervention by executing
Mexicans
and
of Federal
an
Doctrine
the Austrian
resented such
have
"
the
by
Monroe.
Doctrine
was
invoked
in the Venezuela
controversy
of
try,
1896, but the less said about it the better. Although this counGreat
through its Chief Executive,intervened between
DOCTRINE
MONROE
THE
IN
most
BALANCE
527
and appointeda
republic
overlooked
the
mission,
Com-
body
Salisbury
ignored
reportedits findings.Premier
officially
never
an
THE
had
he
territory
manded.
de-
doned
abanwar
was
thrilling
campaign of the Spanish-American
Doctrine.
It is a State secret that
to uphold the Monroe
the so-called FlyingSquadron,"assembled at Hampton Roads
with much mystery, was
intended to capture the Canary Islands.
These lie off the coast of Africa and are not geographically
in
islands of the Canary group
tute
constiEurope; but, as the seven
of Spain,like the Balearics,
their capture
a distinctprovince
would create a waiver and an abrogationof the Monroe
trine
Docby the United States.
A
"
The
circumstances under
ideas
Jefferson's
Mr.
The
which
President
in his Seventh
South American
Annual
colonies of
Message
announced.
alliance took
This
usual.
un-
were
their
Spainhavingwon
in name,
had become republics
when a
independence
of three great European powers
itselfas
describing
Alliance,"was
embodied
Monroe
combination
"
form
The
in
Holy
treaty
"
however, was
of
the establishment
in himself
sovereignincorporating
Had
well as supreme
political
power.
to
the Christian
as
religion,'
who
the three sovereigns
inated
agree, theymight have dom-
the
nature
of
things,three
not
be
fellout."
ultimately
expectedto
agree
permanently:and
so
thority,
au-
it
THE
528
The
secret
FORUM
President
to
to
restore
discovered
England,and by
him
the
sent
Mr.
by
communicated
correspondenceto
replyof
to
Mr.
ferson
Jef-
offered
and
"
Alliance
Holy
possessionswas
The
"
the
might
in
Monroe, who
Monticello.
at
of the
Minister
our
"
of the
purpose
to
he
add:
"That
pointsthe
of time
known
maxim
course
us."
should
Europe; our
be
cis-Atlantic affairs."
sets
"
"
steer
Our
our
compass
throughthe
ocean
since
principle
firstand fundamental
to
second, never
to
are
Doctrine
never
nation; this
we
He
the Monroe
as
us
which
openingon
"
made
to
There
have
we
"
Doctrine
"
with
in
one
sentence.
takes with
Compare the stand Jefferson
of
declaration
President
the milk-and-water
ish
McKinley, in 1898, regardingSpan-
misrule in Cuba.
The
gold upon
North
of
followingwords
South, has
and
are
worthy to be set in
Jefferson
Capitolat Washington: "America,
set
her
Europe, and peculiarly
a
system of her
While
our
that of
apart from
separate and
own,
should, therefore,have
She
own.
those of
Europe.
the last is
endeavor
I do
freedom."
it is
because
intend
not
to
readilyaccessible
althoughnot conspicuous.I
refer
to
of reference books.*
score
in the Monroe
sentence
text,
paper
that is immortal,
that which
beginswith
the
words,
to
"
We
owe
declare that
we
extend
their system
to
gerous
to
and
our
Therein
peace
we
portionof
safety."
any
this
attempt
Wharton's
brought to
"International Law
"
their part
to
hemisphereas dan-^
'
diplomacy
of
highestpinnacle
the
the
on
Digest,"vol.
new
1, 273.
THE
530
into this
Seward
phase of the controversy, because Secretary
settled it forever
the domain
acts
FORUM
by
the
purchaseof
of the United
promulgatedsince
States
one
"
and
Alaska
of the
most
its addition
to
far-reaching
of the
Jefferson's
acquisition,
Louisiana
province.
is the position
of the United
Such, very briefly,
States
garding
re-
this
European aggressionupon
hemisphere. It is a
that the young Republic
not
one
was
largecontract
prepared
to maintain at the time of its declaration. To-day,the situation
I hope to show, and the United States can make
is different,
as
"
of modern
dream
statecraft)and
guarantee
"
continuance
of
the western
from Terra
on
republican
hemisphere,
government
of North latitude. Of course, I
del Fuego to the 49th parallel
of the small British,
French and Dutch possessions
jacent
adam
aware
for nothingin the progress
to Venezuela; but theycount
of the South American
in the West
possessions
continent
no
"
more
several
"
'
"
Doctrine far
emerged from that controversy with the Monroe
of land about 100 miles in width,
to the good, obtaining
a strip
Why be
containingthe richest mineral wealth of Venezuela.
therefore,that
surprised,
the Venezuelans
regardus
with
treme
ex-
indignationand distrust?
possible
grievance.Although it may be imof opinionis that a revolution
to prove, the consensus
of Panama
and a Republic
fomented in Panama
recognized
was
that argues
with a precipitancy
foreknowledge of a crisis. If
Colombia
that
has
assumption be
greater
true,
as
Mr.
Roosevelt
maintains, the
DOCTRINE
MONROE
THE
United
States
State $10,000,000
THE
a
nal
caswaddling-clothed
republic
miles in width, and paid to that baby
in hard
The
money.
the
in the Panama
531
worth
BALANCE
"
bought from
averagingten
strip,"
IN
Canal
for
"
land may
have
that this Government
cash
the French
to
been
had
holders
stock-
"
of
"
"
alreadycompleted. A
rightof way
if this purchaseof a canal strip
had been overlooked
were
proper
a big ditch through
by the Frenchmen; they were cutting
other people's
would have been
property and we, as purchasers,
warned off. What
it
was
done, probablyhad to be done, and
well it were
done quickly." It certainly
a
were
was
speedy
"
"
"
is the
cause
of the
incapableof
world
looked
on
Colombians
grievance
crime
of revenge
in astonishment.
have
us.
against
deep as to invite
the surrender of their territory
to a European monarchy; yet
their resentment
might lead to an attitude that would severely
Doctrine and prove to Europe how sincerely
test the Monroe
we
regardit as a fundamental part of our foreignpolicy.
The weapons
in the hands of these two republics,
Venezuela
and Colombia, are such that they would cause
not
were
anxiety,
the gloriousimage of Simon
Bolivar constantly
present as a
stance,
warningagainsta return to any form of monarchy. In this inthe United States is safeguardedby a wraith.
Brazil is a vast, unwieldyplotof the earth's surface,thousands
of square miles of which are unexplored.Only recently,
I heard a distinguished
traveller,Captain May, now
building
They
are
railroad from
the headwaters
so
of the Amazon
to
connect
with
the Peruvian
to
open
of savages
it to settlement.
It contains
unknown
number
of our
Western
aborigines
to poisonedarrows
an
THE
532
warfare.
peoplesof
relentless in their
as
are
The
Borneo.
Although Brazil
her Government
of the
cannot
FORUM
of several
is
too
recent
would
go
Brazilians
men-of-war,in
to
them.
man
is difficultto
existent,
revolt
of Rio de
the harbor
to
to
They
trust
crews
their enemies.
are
neiro,
Ja-
of which
branch
Brazil.
As
muster
Powers, however
an
army,
such
as
Dom
in
Pedro
even
republic,
in
name,
view
to.
is
small.
What
the United
made
Germany
from
was
isting
ex-
its troops
republic.The size of its army is insignificant;
not stand against
any of the trained armies of European
could
ever
say.
long as Portugalremains
Brazil could
the
to
States would
if
do
of Brazil,with
coast
figureout.
If Brazil
in which
tina
Argen-
of supreme
States.
moment
to the United
is the most
At this hour, the ArgentineRepublic
progressive
would
State
been
become
in South
America.
said of Chile.
Chile
of Peru
and
Twenty
years
ago,
this would
pushed her
southward
the Straits of
have
changed.
at
though
Al-
the expense
tines
Magellan,the Argen-
of the
Buenos Ayres, into one
developedtheir capital,
In population,
Buenos
commanding seaports of the world.
cago
Ayres ranks fourth in the western hemisphere New York, ChiHere
lies the key
and Philadelphia
only being in excess.
of that city
situation. The population
American
to the South
is practically
of 1,250,000
European. Its people are imbued
with European ideas; they have not assimilated with the republicanism
have
"
in the hands
Money
of
who
The
to
tions
municipalinstitu-
foreigners whollyGermans
"
contrive
and English.
IN
DOCTRINE
MONROE
THE
THE
BALANCE
533
of the
centre
"
"
would be welcome.
In such
saving the
the United
from
event,
of the Rio
entrance
de la
to
the great
bay,formed
Plata,could maintain
by
their hold
of
The impossibility
difficulty.
landingUnited States troops anywhere along the coast and
welcomed
reachingthe capital even if such relief were
by the
be seen
natives
can
by the merest tyro who studies a map of
sufficientto take
the country. Any foreignPower with strength
would assuredly
seize Uruguay
the initiativein such an invasion,
for the conquest of the larger
it a base of supplies
and make
of 1,083,596square
country. Argentinahas to-day an area
miles (Gotha measurement),beingsecond in size onlyto Brazil.
The shallowness of the Bay of la Plata precludes
the conversion
of Buenos Ayres into a naval base, because shipsdrawing more
than 16 feet of water
cannot
approach within 12 miles of the
city which is 155 miles from the ocean.
The growth of the ArgentineRepublicis one of the marvels
of modern
civilization. Since most
of us studied geography,it
upon
"
"
"
has extended
Fuego
"
its frontier
the southern
to
of Terra
cape
del
ward,
Northabsorbingall of Patagoniaeast of the Andes.
of old,
fixed her frontier
Argentina,like Rhameses
in the
she pleased
to the humiliation of Bolivia and
"
where
"
"
vast
America
Power
State has
which
that
the United
railroad
Brazil.
created
been
its possessors
cannot
means
seriously
States could
to
defend
occupy
from
it. It is
any
so
not
developmenthas
on
European
located that
would.
and
Its
west-
THE
534
It has
ward.
the
FORUM
extended
not
Atlantic,relying
upon
its broad
toward
cation
give it communiwith the sea, but overlooking
the fact that this gulf,although
miles broad, could be closed by a blockadingfleet
ioo
sufficiently
strong to keep out any help that the United States
Canal is completed,
might choose to send. After the Panama
tate
but that would necessitransports might be sent to Valparaiso,
the crossingof Chilean
act
an
territory,
contrary to the
laws of modern warfare and not to be tolerated by Chile,unless
she cast in her lot with her neighbor.
Chile is under
such
it would
We
has
English commercial
concession could
be
now
shown
estuary
be asked
not
to
is Peru, and
influences,
as
with any
that
expectation
granted.
approachthe
herself
west
coast
of South America.
Chile
capable of defence
Nobody
interests therein
wants
any
probablymere
of
strategist
rumors;
of
as
glanceat the
will convince
map
is concerned, we
Ecuador
possession
by
base
for
an
the Atlantic
may
eliminate
European power.
any
the
a
Galapagos
the artificial
pathway between
of the
west
her the
British.
are
United
States,Colombians
or
ica,
foreignwedge of assault,if it ever be driven into South Amerwill go through Uruguay, aimed at the conquest of tina.
Argen-
America,
South
she
from
Brazil.
the
Guiana
is
of
is
France
which
has
Surinam
and
is
the
her
based;
she
not
tory
terri-
the
of
need
no
into
theory
use
to
care
direction
chief
has
are
disputed
southern
France,
would
recognizes
and
colony
penal
all
in
535
and
Holland
Doctrine
Monroe
for
obtained
republic
BALANCE
Holland
Venezuela.
frontier
the
THE
Britain,
England
desires
extend
IN
Great
namely
understood.
well
its
DOCTRINE
MONROE
THE
upon
French
for
wish
or
enlargement.
in
Disappointed
likely
power
to
Morocco,
the
put
is
Germany
Doctrine
Monroe
the
to
European
one
in
test
the
near
future.
she
Suppose
could
how
the
for
them?
conclusion,
Doctrine
have
to
What
them
Japan
designs
could
from
upon
the
Ecuador?
be
more
United
to
Japan
is
foreign
the
do,
dies,
Infrom
pines
Philip-
one.
when
unsuspected
mentioned
Islands,
if
West
the
trade
Japan
the
roe
Mon-
of
future
hinted
or
entanglements.
Galapagos
States
to
that
was
China
nor
the
withdrawal
than
fact
the
in
willing
ways
attention
call
regarding
inhibition
the
in
promulgated,
Neither
majesty.
in
was
enforce
would
we
Islands
Danish
States
relief
"
In
United
the
Perhaps
purchase?
the
buy
to
were
Suppose
as
were
at
pan
Ja-
suspected?
to
chase
pur-
THE
DEFEAT
OF
Peter
THE
McArthur
recent
much
so
of course,
result that
the
without
an
The
two
throw
over-
separab
in-
were
No
country.
Reciprocitywould
change of Government
have
was
knows
one
tageous
advan-
been
is bound
have
to
effect.
the firstglance the election is
At
the
partiesand
people of
Canada
for the
of the Government
the
on
notable, not
was
Reciprocityas
Government.
or
of
the overthrow
but
trial whether
RECIPROCITY
Premier
which
his
he staked
to
future.
political
of his administration
him
as
be
first took
happened
made
his
he considered
what
who
succeeds
years
him
of valuable
shown
himself
to
Had
not
it
United
States
to
as
pass
one
was
of
in
stained
publicscandal
1908 showed
when
people as
the
United
States.
an
been
he
Borden,
Mr.
service
be
the
with
Reciprocity
agreement
in
During
weaken
to
No
strong
office.
be
political
positionto be
both
the record
to
to
seem
which
on
Laurier
down
has gone
one
as
leader
honest
and
many
of the
was
in which
one
the
with a
stronglyentrenched and confident Government
of two
hundred
and fifteen
in a House
majority of forty-five
debatable
of forty-nine
members
is defeated by a majority
on
so
is one
that invites investigathe event
tion.
a
questionas Reciprocity,
when
The
situation is
offered
from
which
was
lessons may
be
learned
in the future.
unexpected that
satisfactory
explanation.If
result
The
one
so
536
had
as
been
yet
less
THE
538
constantly.To
was
Reciprocity
But there
weak
it had
of the
anythingelse
to
never
the defeat of
The
to
"
acted
which
country
hard
was
Leave
well
the Conservatives
was
pering
pros-
believe that
to
was
chance
their advice.
on
that contributed
reasons
Government, such
in the
the agreement
other
were
to
seize upon.
done before.
It
side
slow
not
could
Reciprocity
and many
There
than
more
due.
was
were
as
this
FORUM
as
the
to
the downfall
the naval
to
opposition
gramme
pro-
important
the thoroughly
financed campaignorganizedby the
reasons
were
the anti-American feeling
which was
fanned to a
Big Interests,
flame, and the honest doubt of many
people that Reciprocity
would
benefit Canada.
oughly
thorto Reciprocity
was
campaign in opposition
financed was
obvious. The party
organizedand lavishly
stimulated to unwonted
the country was
undated
inactivity,
press was
with pamphletsand posters and every paper that had
its columns open to political
to insert
was
advertising
well-paid
the pact which were
ual
supplied
throughthe usarguments against
channels. Even if money
not used in more
was
advertising
used on perfectly
sinister ways enough was
legitimate
ing
campaignuting
that the Big Interests were
aroused and contribto show
Manufacturers
who
to the funds of the opposition.
freely
because the
in open hostility
in no way affected came
out
were
feared
sacred tariff was
beingtampered with. They evidently
started to break down the wall there was
that if the peopleonce
where theywould stop.
no
telling
That
the
It is
not
that
asserted,
have
American
to
necessary
do
anythingthat
sistance. As
dailypaper
that
to
believe,as
Canadian
"
"
System
York
papers
by the
enough
in Canada
is strong
Canada
has
no
muck-rakingmagazines and
New
some
defeated
was
Reciprocity
The
trusts.
to
to
oppose
overreach
Canadian
'
no
terests
the financial in-
ing
System has nothitself throughthe completeness
as
as-
"
money
"
trust
is
so
thor-
THE
DEFEAT
OF
RECIPROCITY
539
is to
oughly entrenched that all it can ask any Government
leave well enough alone." The Bankers' Association with its
to every part of the country has
system of branch banks extending
completecontrol of the savingsof the people,and as it finances
the mergers
that control practically
every line of business and
has intimate relations with the big insurance companies and
it is in a position
influence in
to wield a tremendous
railroads,
silent. The
are
any election. But the papers of both parties
nearest
approachto uncoveringthe workingsof the money trust
made by an independent
was
weekly which ventured to say in
commenting on the election: The Big Interests if one may
the term
without offence were
use
arrayedagainstReciprocity."
This is being almost as deferential as the chaplainof
if theydid not amend
Charles II who feared that certain people,
"
"
"
"
go
to
"
polite."
Bankers, Mergers and
If
one
may
mention
such
so
onlywonder
Railroads
opposed Reciprocity
knowing of
dared
to
go
their
looks as
opposition.It really
if Sir Wilfrid wished to redeem pledgesmade in the election of
1896 when he was put in power and thoughthe was sufficiently
popularwith the people to be able to defy the Big Interests.
attitude of the
If so he has had a thorough awakening. The
both political
financiers toward
partiesis well shown by the
replyone of them made after he had contributed to the Liberal
and the Conservative
paign
camcampaign fund for the Dominion
asked what his politics
fund for Ontario.
He was
really
and replied
were
laconically:
Contracting."
that use
of magnates
Canada
has its group
now
political
of affairs that
state
a
partiesinstead of belongingto them
States. According
in the United
should be well understood
cautious to sign
affairs who was
criticof Canadian
too
to one
his name
article in an obscure magazine:
to an
will easily
fix upon less
Anyone takingthe painsto inquire
to
the country,
"
hell
11
"
"
than
dozen
names
of banks;
companies:of
on
the great
on
the boards
of directors of the
dailyand
of directors
large insurance
financial newspapers.
Some
THE
540
of them
of
in
are
FORUM
Parliament,several of them
in the Senate
are
Canada.
"
who
man
credit
bank
use
be he merchant, manucredit,
facturer,
otherwise
or
him
could
at
his business
the income
the
companies, which
trust
and
underwrite
the bonds
of tions
corpora'
'
finance all kinds of undertakings
for the
System
the
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
'
"
'
business
'
Their
in Parliament.
men
business is
'
to
boss
'
the
way
of a great railrepresentative
he justwatches, and
corporation.He doesn't talk much
So the Interests are looked
watches pretty effectively
too.
business.
One
sits as
man
the
"
he
'
'
after."
Not
until these
who
men
obey the
same
laws
as
are
peoplewill there
and forced
be any
chance
THE
of
having
DEFEAT
review of the
reference
Sifton,at
the
to
More
than
Government.
His
or
541
other
any
they are
for
measure
exploiting.
out
elections,
however, would be complete with-
singularactivitiesof
time Minister
one
late Mark
RECIPROCITY
Reciprocity
agreement
the plainpeoplewhom
the relief of
No
OF
he
man
suggests
career
Clifford
other
any
the Hon.
helped to overthrow
comparisonwith that of
in his
the
the
care
indifference to
go
as
ability
same
He
the Democrats
to
over
manage
the
he had
content
was
and
one
Mr.
party.
more
to
man
Provinces
the Western
open
tlement,
set-
to
kind of criticism
the same
to much
subject
in the United
directed againstSecretary
as
was
Ballinger
States. A man
of undoubted business capacity
and credited with
ambitions that would not be satisfiedwith any position
political
but the highestin the land, he dominated
the Cabinet and
excited the jealousyof his colleagues.How
he was
finally
forced
was
of the Cabinet
out
is
business with
he became
times
he
millionaire many
his connection
over.
so
By
of 1908 it was
for the
him
to
theylooked
Liberals,who
Agreement
with
the Liberal
much
success
his business
was
were
to
conduct
stillin favor.
that
ability
by making
party
him
When
that the
chargeof
the
When
paign
cam-
the Reciprocity
he retained
broke
with his
on
powerfulspeechagainstReciprocity
successful
took
made
won
was
been
not
moneyed
powers
turned
once
the
it
imminent
more
and
he
who only a
campaign for the Conservatives,
his conduct in the Department
been criticising
savagery
never
before known
in Canadian
THE
542
politics.This
he had
caused
move
him
won
deserted and
FORUM
his
party has
faces among
his new
allies. What
his future
will be in Canadian
is a question
that is causingmuch
politics
many
wry
speculation.He
Government
would
as
is
and
be
too
wealthyto
ambitious
too
begrudgedby
need
favors
from
the
new
Big Interests.
His
If, as
reason
to
defeated
at
least taken
thwarted
was
to
be
venged
re-
his old
on
every
some
at
"
"
has
had
his ambitions.
to
Big
Interests would
they had
done
not
be hurt and
to
THE
peoplewho
OF
DEFEAT
wished
to
United
States and
to
lead
annexation,was
RECIPROCITY
543
And
the
more
most
to
Canadians
of both
get natural
have
Clark
Mr.
enough
were
parties
to
that it would
suggest
defiance.
arouse
offended.
To
The
say the
loyal
least,the
campaign which
was
waged againstReciprocity.If they are surprisedto find
dislike and mistrust them they have only themselves
that Canadians
The Conservative party merelytook advantage
to thank.
of campaign material that was
thrown in their way by prominent
Americans
Americans
no
the
cue
and
gave
to
other circumstances
dared
to
One
their Liberal
accuse
amazing
defeat
subtle
be true,
it throws
past.
is it conceivable
that
explanation
to
on
the anti-American
the
has
press.
Under
that
offered
to
account
for the
is
probably too
because of the light
but it is worth recording
that have prevailedin the
methods
political
of the
Liberal
Government
defeated
were
because
"
THE
544
ducted
FORUM
virtuous
false
would
be necessary
not
to
have
"
saw-off."
Virtue would
to
it
be
It
triumphantand wickedness would be exposed in the courts.
would reallybe excellent tactics for a party that was
of
sure
winning. At the firstglanceitlooks as if the scheme might still
work, for the Liberals are so completelyin the minoritythat
and could let investigat
men
they need not trouble about their own
take its course.
But unfortunately
there is
justice
Before the campaignbegan a Toronto paper puba checkmate.
lished
terior,
a
chargethat the Hon. Frank Oliver, Minister of the Inhad received large sums
in the previouselection.
to use
A committee was
in the usual way and
appointedto investigate
of it, for campaign
nobody expectedthat anythingwould come
funds
are
cares
to
have them
vestigat
in-
talked about.
The
"
of all others
the way
allowed to
go
Of
that
seems
and
that the
Conservatives
without protest.
enjoy their victory
is given only as
this explanation
course
to
case.
The
will be
hypothesis
Liberals certainly
a
not
put up
winning through
strong
the greatness
of their
cause
and
ness
the faithful-
of their followers.
But whatever
caused the
THE
PRIMITIVE
WORKING-WOMAN
Anna
Garlin
Spencer
.
industryis rather
tendencyin the human
REGULAR
natural
than
"
men
steadyjob."
beaver,the
long
The
primitiveman.
ant, to whose
for any
harnessed
to
present
Ward
that
"
add
may
of
the
originalproblem
that
in the
for the
and
of the camp
the
To
too
mote
re-
to
how
to
"
work
make
do
to
"
"
of
we
the
tells
He
work."
men
as
(and
rightconditions)
the work
and
talk
as
enough
under
Only
the children
and
morning.
often
economists
man
give men
right sort and
to
each
was
caring
in
women
us
in
of labor
"
we
as
stand
under-
term.
occasional
had
primitiveman
often dangerous sort.
sure,
and
saying of
past
began with
which
natural
was
sluggardwas
lightly
by the
taken
however, in
be
strenuous
of
discipline
the
trace
primitivestate,
men
rather
women
human
been
although modern
was
how
questionwas
have
to
woman,
definite tasks
labor
example the
all seem
Primitive
shows
attained
have
to
and
race;
than
trious
biologichints of the busy bee, the indus-
commended,
ago
though
first
seem
acquiredhabit
an
the Australian
fightsand
Kurnai:
rest
They
UA
man
is woman's
are
activities of
indicated
by
hunts, spears
the
fish,
Professor
work."
Straits,
says:
"
The
men
fish-hooks,'
spears
fish-lines and
and
all
of
struttingup
other
the
cooked
and
and
MacDonald
is done
and
down, loafingand
chiefly
by
baskets
clothing,
"
mats."
that
the
most
'
546
work
the
THE
seed and
547
They
MAN
WO
WORKING-
the harvest.
reap
brew
corn,
PRIMITIVE
and
grind the
care
interests of the
go
to
war;
in council
sitting
These
and
time
over
undevelopedpeoplesgive
reminiscent picture
of the beginningof industrial order in all
a
life. In apportioning
are
women
generally
primitive
sex-gifts
inventive
denied the possession
of
to any considerable extent
genius ; and from the pointof view that inventive geniusloses
and yields
sightof the practical
whollyto the spur of anticipated
in the mind
the denial is surely
success
residing
just. All the
essential processes
of peacefulindustry,
however, all those
for
toward
activitieswhich led directly
care
severelypractical
the individual life and comfort, and the start of the primitive
home
itiated
toward social well-being,
all students agree, inas
were,
is not
in the dim past. Hence, if woman
by women
tions
markedly the inventor of the race she is the mother of invenwell as of inventors. In the picturesque
as
by
summary
"
"
"
"
Mason
the
woman
primitive
Indians,he describes
American
as
tailor,
cook,
dressmaker,milliner,
hatter,toymaker,upholsterer,
sail-maker,decorative artist (" inventingthe
spinner,
weaver,
frets and scrolls of all future art"),
chevrons,herring-bones,
the firstpack-animal
the firstmiller,agriculand burden-bearer,
turist,
and florist. As he declares:
nursery-man
"
of
province."
to-daywere once woman's peculiar
Markham
the man-drudge
pictures
arts
"
"
Bowed
with
his
Upon
But
hoe, and
The
emptiness
And
on
his back
long before
ages
the
set
of
weight
jgazes
ages
centuries
on
the burden
the
in his
the centuries
were
even
he
leans
ground ;
face
of the world."
counted, or
the
toric
prehis-
peasant
was
undreamed
of
"
THE
548
FORUM
And
"
in her
face,"however
harvest
one
coarse-featured
to
and
the
unlovely,
in patient
service
"
purpose,
"
"
she
goes
achievement
has
itsmark
proudlymade
course
tutoringof
man's
of
the world
of
of
power
upon
trace
them,
are
women
in useful labor is of
women
special
trial
effective trainer in indus-
and
persistent
most
education which
human
of the child,and
the first,
enjoyedthe
from
Woman,
that
as
civilization,
there,could he but
the
another.
start
has yet
nature
produced,the
infant.
"
"
the human
reached
was
its most
as
that
importantand
long before
woman
our
ship
started with this relation-
race
social
well-known
received the
man
fore
There-
asset.
of offspring
training
in the
first" female
human
beingof
industrial school
to
For the
of
is very
same
reasons,
those convenient
ways
"
"
woman
fictions"
escapingirksome labor,and
been
never
"
tramp
has
never
which
as
as
job alreadywaiting
her
scene,
"
Woman,
ancient.
means
have
at her
served
for
man
mand
comas
betprocuring
WORKING-WOMAN
PRIMITIVE
THE
549
"
"
"
had
been
"
drilled
her
build
with
and
rest
own
feed them
and
offspring
to
suckle young
to
before her
tenderness;to postpone
hunger
own
of the
broodingand caretaking
of
and cunningfor the protection
developcourage
engage
in this
and
manner
of human
made
was
existence in the
thus carried
woman
was
for
nests
ready for
regionof
from
over
food
play;to pick up
for
appeased;
to
helpless;
life;
infant
of
independentlife,
first experimentation
social culture.
animal
the lower
tive
Primi-
life into
the human
'
In
this
to
was
social culture.
How
and when
to
was
and
peacefullabor
but all
sociologists;
among
that
agree
that among
human
and
constant
harnessed
adequately
of dispute
is stillmatter
firstconsciously
and
man
child for
two
from
society
one
of human
agency
Whether
not
or
and others
to
which affirm
the start,we
we
was
the need
serve
familyimpulse. In
infancy which Fiske regardsas
common
"
the mother
civilization,"
toward
hold with
the theories of
"
could
not
of the
the child
"
that
the
do
longation
pro"
chief
it all.
in social order at
period of woman's supremacy
believe (and from evidence adduced by both
must
THE
FORUM
of these
550
familyrule
of
and
that
hold
with
On
Westermarck
conjugalaffection and
"
the human
or
had
not
we
from
pairingwas
higherbeasts
to
outdo him
the mother
in
care
in
of
and
offspring,
from
believe that
that he took
father who
rarelyelects
best
is
woman
primitive
others that
and
sphere
antedated
not
in the
which
custom
of control,the
father did
of
privatelaw
that
theories)
less sure
and
comes
to
goes
one
at
mate
will and
and
who
at
her young,
support
to
the
"
and
offspring
by
to
would
woman
formal
never
the house
the
at
steadylabor,he
the
as
when
moment
And, judgingfrom
to
initiated
have
troublesome
The
ceremony.
a
form
geniusof
practical
of ceremonial
pretendedillnessof
a
the
so
man
travagantly
ex-
of
new
man
generalhabit of primitive
taken to bed
would hardlyhave
the
"
in respect
"
at
such
"
lamation
to
known
of fatherhood
what
he then
dailylife as
"
head
despisedas
of the
proc-
age
finally
put him into industrial bond-
must
it,not make-believe
care
"
woman's
work."
Had
he but
labor
"
this ceremonial
by
laughed
have
consciousness
been
WORKING-WOMAN
PRIMITIVE
THE
at
the absurd
outwardlyin the
their
in
woman
primitive
the privacyof
must
her
own
presence
had
the
custom
and
solemn
however
"
How
nonsense.
551
fun
secret
over
man-devised
many
masculine superiority
at the very crises of
asserting
when men
and often most
most
are
experience
helpless,
methods
of
domestic
in the way.
fant
dailytasks,and inwas
gettingused to peacefulways of livingwith
society
one's kind, man
was
accomplishing
great thingsalong the line
of specialization
of labor processes.
His
specialtasks of
and hunting,his habit of moving about and
fighting
talking
Meanwhile,
as
about
went
woman
her
"
over
at
his massive
once
and
development,
bone
structure
"
his
quality.Althoughoften a mere
tasks required
tremendous
spurts of energy, and also gave him
fine turn toward that prideof achievement which constitutes
a
the soilin which geniusis grown.
War, man's earliestand latest
and has developed
monopoly,has alwaysgreatlystimulated invention,
that deceptive
capacitywhich furnishes so much raw
of wary
material of intellectualpower.
Moreover, the catching
of shy animals,the taming of wild
the trappingand killing
fish,
beasts for purposes of transportation,
and agriburden-bearing
culture,
decided bent toward making his brains
all gave man
a
his desires. In the languageof the modern
serve
factorysystem,
man's earlytasks were
in the nature
of
while
piece-work,"
could
work by the day." Man
woman
speed
alwayshad to
"
"
"
"
up
for
definiteachievement
crisisof effort
"
the
and
to
of
nature
"
and afterwards
to make
piece-work,"
In this
manner,
bent toward
acquireda persistent
As
until another
conscious
capacity
and
of operations,
rapidity
ends, of labor.
rest
process,
as
well
by these means,
and
specialization
and
in the
as
early
man
toward
in
fection
per-
good
values,and
as
forces
physical
THE
552
for human
use
FORUM
man
civilization,
was
aided
"
industrial field,
however, enabled
of
"
her
allthe processes
genius of man, and
specialized
to
prepare
progress
was
could
not
of industrial
the second
great
did
social culture. Nor
to
primitivewoman
woman's
for the familyand the social good end
path-finding
took the first steps on that dark path
here; primitive
woman
of later
which led toward
the higher industrial organization
the path in which she was
driven to incredible exertions,
societies,
from without, by cruelty
and oppression.
It is claimed by most
tamed to
that man
was
sociologists
the labor harness chiefly
by the institution of human slavery:
that only such an economic
set the
despotism could have
of masculine industry.If that is so, then here, as elsewhere
mould
in the world of labor,women
led the way along the path
contribution of
"
"
"
"
to
was
the firstcreature
Somewhere
along
and discipline
of life (thereis
experience
disagreement as to the precisepoint) her natural
of her
as
and the
begged.
by
The
rudelyaccentuated by man's
slave laborer,the
familythat
he had
"
"
thing
forcible
self
of service for him-
stolen or
capturedor purchased,
of woman
oppression
to constitute the
society
story of man's
is confessed
blackest page
THE
554
FORUM
woman
was
But
patriarchal
familyitself is the central element in woman's
bondage,and that developedfar earlier than the feudal state of
order.
Ward's
famous explanation,
now
military
namely,that
life beginsas female and that the male sex is an afterthought
of nature
life beginswith an established
; that human
gynecocrule as shown in primitive
or
woman
hordes; that the
racy
is in the sexual selection by all
originof masculine supremacy
females of male strength,
cunningand power of every sort; that
in the developmentof the rational faculty
of man,
by this process,
the
"
"
"
"
her
became
finally
woman
own
had
sex
"
which
entire dominion
assumed
man
the
over
which
sex
had
of his own
followinghis belated discovery
ternity,
pain
and marked
violent
crisis
human
relationship.
by a
have not sufficientproof on the one hand of a condition of
We
the free and
human
existence in which primitive
was
woman
the
honored creature
this theoryseems
to presuppose;
nor, on
other hand, have we sufficientproof that in any special
was
era
there,for the race in general,one such conscious and tragic
created
him, one
strugglebetween
which
all
emerged
men
and
as
attained much
'
mind
philosophic
theoryso symmetrical
the
"
contrary
"
mix
observers;
reportedby differing
when doctors disagree. It is sensi-j
prescriptions
of
from the diverse evidence that the disciplines
have
relationship
before
man-rule
with medical
ble to conclude
sex
ittolerates no
"
and
common
"
woman-rule
misleading
tendencyof
commanding that
masses
"
evolve from
and
women
antithesis of
captive. The
to
and
men
power
he became
been
to
grab more
human, that
women
creature
good things
alwaysweightedby
had
demands
motherhood's
their
own
WORKING-WOMAN
PRIMITIVE
THE
555
too
built up
Nature
but
out
for
of many
one
the rational
facultyand put
brains in the saddle, and that there was
to be so
hardlylikely
to the slowlyevolvingchanges in human
great an exception
landing,"
developmentas a
part way up the ladder,on which
all men
trol
gainedfrom bloodycontest a whollynew condefinitely
agencies
by
"
of all
women.
It is true
of
"
"
because she
"
ride down
not to
dispute,
the slayerof his mother,
she
man
Minerva
upon
not
was
asked
to
whom
he
was
"
'
slew,"and call
in
settle the
to
and
let Orestes,
bound
in blood,"
their vengeance.
at last by Minerva
Orestes,justified
him birth,"because his
herself for slayingher
who
gave
dark-souled mother
slew his dearest father,"ushers in that
escape
"
'
"
"
bewail.
Erinnysso fearfully
civilization developedunique
Probably the Graeco-Roman
self-consciousness in changes of sex-relationship
and family
claims unexampledlegaland
order,as it also gave to patriarchal
definiteness. But even
in this case, preservedin its
religious
in the change from the maternal to the
spirit
genius,
by literary
left whollybereft
the maternal side was
not
paternalrelationship,
of privilege
and power.
makes Minerva
As iEschylus
declare,
have
has alwayshad and must ever
first-fruits
of
woman
some
sacrificefor children and the rites of marriage,"
in temples
even
revolution of
new
laws
which the
"
in which she
the
"
was
safetyof
To
when
She
rightin offspring.
joyfulofficeswith thoughts of
man-made
laws
have
defrauded
man's
has been
common
her of the
intrusted
ever
has
greedypower
enabled
weal,"
to
even
"
der
ren-
when
simplestrightsof
THE
SS6
humanity. We
of the cause,
women
and
family,
"
wife
stately
had
who
in
him
indeed hark
may
Nature!
East who
who
back
And,
no
one
explanation
find their
old nursery
littlehusband no
to
the
lution
evo-
of
rhyme
bigger
Amazonian
some
reminiscence
companionsin pocketsprovided
before her
eat
her person
on
may
line of
on
sitor
not
must
carries
one
of the enslavement
pintpot
by
hence
no
the
the methods
be
can
drum,"
therefore,that
believe,
must
marriage and
in
FORUM
lord,or the
savage
slave
tisement,
dailychas-
of her master's
scars
of the
woman
in equally
remote
progenitors
vagaries
of Nature.
In
many
through darker
mixed conditions,
and
women
many
lighterpaths,through
or
ways,
tive
have attained the rela-
men
treatment
"
universal
of
"
which
women
has
not
some
feeling,
in the savage
have had
must
from
"Nature
made
woman
in
woman
exceedingtough of
to
burdens
be
ity
that brutal-
Hence
hard
palliatives
to
cover
dis-
kill,in preparation
to
her
was
destined
weapons
some
learned
laborers
to
take
in the
care
of its own.
of
beginnings
and
or
self-
many
and
ownershipwhich wrought
her
refinement
acquiring
state.
But, in addition,Nature
and
declared that
standpoint.Humboldt
Nature
her specialcare."
Certainly
the modern
has
of litical
pobrutal
constant
was
and
excellence,
some
"
the
event
"
from
of moral
charms, even
protecting
In any
Spencer says
preventedwomen
measure
forms
despotic
Women
sense
women
from
accomplished
even
their
valuable
as
permitthem, permanently,
or
lessly
hopetime,to be destroyed
to
too
were
once
mothers and
the horrors
of
coign of vantage
servants.
slaverywhich
at the centre
THE
of human
understood
Carlyle.How
"
"
than
women
the humblest
even
this later
have
day! Poets and painters
and the pathosof the peasant and
became
farmer
born
were
and
did the
craftsman.
sometimes
until
man,
the
pictured
Not
fundamental
more
toil of
labor of
new
man
sciences
emerge
women
the
of the vocations yet written,
author of Ecclesiasticus,
althoughpayingexclusive homage to
to
view.
It is
the common
weal."
earlyservice to
work, this many-peopledworld," says
forgotten
much more
deeplyburied in oblivion has been
value of woman's
value
throughtheir early
the full
however, to recognize
justbeginning,
but
the labor of
557
social culture.
to
are
also
economic
contribution
We
WORKING-WOMAN
PRIMITIVE
These
And
are
theythat
without
them
the
laborers
maintain
is
no
wont
of ancient
as
to
writers,still
declare:
citybuilded."
ogy
geniusof great persons, in which the new psycholand the new
It is the conconcerned.
are
tribution
sociology
chiefly
of men
and
to social progress
by the humbler mass
this which has been so scornfully
women,
ignoredby the older
writers of history,
which to-dayyields
to social science the truest
to the riddles of human
answers
growth. In this fabric of
upon
itby the
"
"
being
life woman
common
stretched
on
the loom
"
the threads of
is the warp
"
from out the mysof time
tery
"
the
of the
race
comfort,the
en-
THE
558
deavor
the
on
existence.
FORUM
gray
of human
dawn
"
The
women
witnesses show
the four
forth her
she
mightygifts.Silently
treasury of
pre-human
The
initiationof the
race
The
of
softening
rigorsof
in
place
the
motherhood
manity.
hu-
dower
to
peacefullabor.
slaveryby a uniqueappealto
affection.
pityand
The
those
sets
cornerstones
The
cultivation from
cooperative
impulseswhich
even
in
of
captivity,
make
In and
woman
throughthese giftsthe primitive
appears to-day
of the
modern
the instructed sympathy than many
to
more
speakingcharacters that follow her in the drama of historic
times.
The
warring heroes who must die on the battlefield
be disgraced,
the unsocial rulers who
or
despoiledthe people
to make
a bestial holidayfor courts, the aberrant
geniuseswho
tuted
overlaid simplehuman
dutywith vagariesof theologythat instithe
who captured
the philosophers
even
bloodyinquisitions,
"
"
idealism of the
of human
present and
race
and
for unworkable
conduct
these all
"
oncoming
often
less in
are
industrial and
ries
dangerous theo-
harmony with
social order
our
is the
than
womanhood
As
to
the
of
kindergarten
familiar and
well-beloved
be the real
"
some
and
knew
vast
of
suffering
"
become
in half-conscious response
planned,"in the dark and terror
held
and
They are more
symbolizedby
prophetesses,"
perceivedto
to the
of the mother-sex
race
teachers.
more
"
the
"
builded
better than
Temple of Humanity.
they
CHILD'S
THE
John
THERE
HERITAGE
G.
Neihardt
are
what
For
his hands
And
They
The
shall
not
kings among
Who
have
sold!
thee
humbly bred:
hear, they shall not see
the lordlydead
walk
broidered
Shall
blood of
The
With
Eld
The
Thy
men
thy chain
seas
are
skies shall
The
hath
stars
of
days is one:
stillHomeric
glow with
seas;
Pindar's
sun,
of Socrates!
one
eternal Now
new
!
559
converge
THE
560
thy
Thy
mouth,
The
of
glory
in
thine
Be
thy
Unto
Thy
The
feet
give
robe,
Thy
the
priceless
the
search
life
and
the
the
father
the
sod,
hopeful
the
flesh,
soul,
FORUM
gives
for
breath;
God
death!
restful
of
gift
torch
of
boon
my
to
grave,
being
fathers
thee
free
gave,
THE
562
the
day
All
vale
The
day,
that
tinkling
to
glass
And
revels
wildering
since
That
at
and
run;
twilight's
it
nightingales
ere
and
smiles
into
tell
Heaven-folk
pause,
thrills,
laughter
crinkle
pools
FORUM
cliffs
lone
where
yet
no
begin,
swell
it,
has
wind
been.
But
He
last
at
comes
them
leads
and
Waves
Gathers
them
sound
till
of
bells;
and
the
Children's
Gate
but
watching
stands,
slowly
Heavenward
shines
near
at
hand,
then
farewell;
them
again.
in
then
turns
to
earth,
as
and
Hometown
Death
wholly
is
Death
STREETS
THE
IN
Untermeyer
Louis
OY,
my
"
here.
were
God
boy
"
keep you
to weep
no
longer,
Boy, my boy,I had sworn
Time I thoughtwas
stronger than the whisperslong gone by,
The
ardent
But
looks,the
theyall come
O
Boy,my boy
Your joywas
"
And
A
you
eager
boy
"
God
save
not
one
you!
were
wore
power,
"
"
563
your
upon
girlwith
girlto wait and listen and a girlfor you
O boy God helpher !
wherever
"
sleeve;
eyes that
to
leave.
glisten,
THE
MIRACLE
OF
Frank
THE
Harris
IT
was
Joshua,a
STIGMATA
Jerusalemthat
smith,came
carpenter and
to
called
man
Csesarea.
Almost
before the
Jew; he
went
never
near
synagogue,
he
never
argued about
or
anythingelse,and he took whatever peoplegave him
religion
for his work without bargaining.
he seemed
To his loud, high-colored,
graspingcompatriots
softened their
to be rather a poor creature; but a certain liking
flatteredtheir vanity
humility
contempt of him, for his shrinking
and
theytalked
theygrew a
with
was
he
was
most
was
then,when
and
yet,now
fellow,they decided,and
was
not
easy
the
silent,
and
peculiarly
retiring
took the
theyfinally
and regarded
to themselves,
pleasing
wore
agreeableimpression
his look
queer
understand; but,as
less
and
assurance
littleuneasy:
approval. He
to
most
And
away,
and
unimportant.
tude.
Joshuaseemed to accept their indifferencewith humble gratileft his room,
He hardlyever
and made
except
friends,
no
of
the littlefigures
Simon, who modelled in clayand wax
and
of a rich man
the Phoenician gods. Simon had the name
of his wax
he was
gods with
very clever;he used to paintsome
and
black hair and gildedlipstilltheylooked alive,
rosy cheeks,
their robes were
green and purpleand saffron with dark shadows
in the folds so that they seemed
Simon took a great,
to move.
and did his best to break
likingto Joshua from the beginning,
as
his
down
had
to
and make
reserve
content
an
intimate of him.
and
sympathetic,
would
listen to him
564
success.
But
even
Joshuawas
for hours
at
Simon
always
time; but
OF
MIRACLE
THE
STIGMATA
THE
565
felt at
never
with
ease
flesh creep.
But, as
seeinghis industryand his love of home
in
month
or
Judith,who
was
for her
twenty-five
years old, and
poverty, Tabitha
was
Joppa
to
and
knew, and
not
quietlife,and,
sister'sdaughter,
a
stillunmarried.
It
keptJudith
The
with
complete submission.
fool,"Tabitha said to herself,and began
woman
girlis
no
to
take
desire;but
"
to
show
has been
in life,"
Tabitha said, I'm sure,
disappointed
and wants
comforting. Besides,he's soft and affectionate by
for lovinghim.
to you
nature, like a girl:he will be grateful
Trust me, I know the kind of man:
there was
Jonas when I was
I might have had him ten times over, if I had wanted
young;
of Joppa who married the
to; and James as well,the rich tanner
Levite's daughter. You take my
advice,Judith,make up to
in him
him, and you'll
Joshua has a lot of the woman
get him.
or
He
I'm
fool."
Tabitha
turned
out
to
be
right,
though Judithdid
for
as theyhad expected,
quickly
Joshua that he was loved by anyone.
as
"
of
am
hard
my
to
house
ceed
suc-
persuade
is empty
hope."
But the
in
it was
not
warm
place.
women
word
were
for
THE
$66
The
marriage was
seemed
two
to
FORUM
unhappy;indeed,the
not
intimate
grow
time
as
blamed
Now
her
and
and
nothing
on,
again,Judith took
of the
to
of Tabitha.
went
union
to
heart
and
never
anger
resist. StillJudithalwaysfelt
to
of him
if he had
her father
seen
turned
her
on
her mother.
master
Messiah; but
had
no
believed much
one
disappearsin
air.
new
doctrine
Jesushad
that He
began
to
to
And,
from
he
as
hot
wandering
foretold
by
taughtthat
the seed of
the
supposed Messiah
the more
sedition-monger,
had
one
David, and
prophets. But
that this
known
soon
as
disappeared,
Peter
be understood.
the Messiah
as
it became
in him*
preacher,called Peter,came
the
vapor
He
when
been crucified
devout among
the
Jerusalemas a
and Peter often found it difficultto get a
Jews grew indignant,
of such passionate
he was
conviction that
a man
hearing. Still,
interest which, strangely
his teaching
lent the subject
an
enough,
diminish after he had gone away.
did not die out or even
greatly
excited anew
From
time to time,too, curiosity
was
by all sorts
of rumors;
that,when it was told about that another apostle,
so
Paul, had landed at Caesarea and was
going to speak,the Jews
at
ran
Judithhad
had
made
hurried
the
to
arrangements
across
Joshua listened
brow, and when
her
to
to
her
own
Tabitha's.
at
news
go
to
house
the
as
usual,but
patiently
to
soon
as
she
place of meeting,she
dress and
to
As
get
to
with
ready to
tell Joshua.
a
troubled
accompany
THE
and he had
his
for
more
wishes
gone
get her
to
at
any
567
time without
in fault.
were
own
she
reasons,
STIGMATA
THE
againsther
pleading as if he
never
explainingand
was
doublydetermined
once
OF
MIRACLE
After
now.
way
declared
Judith
asking
So
that
he
must
go
with her:
"
It's seldom
You
I ask you
it is very
anything,and
dull here.
come."
must
to
refuse
"
"
took the
women
When
creature;
"
her cheeks
"not
eyes.
wine.
new
in the
man
For
hours
new
was
she
said:
big nor
soon
the
wonderful
most
further ado.
without
evening,
Judithseemed like a
and her eyes glowed,and she
is excited with
one
is the
but,as
red
were
Joshua about
to
He
that
theyreturned
excited,as
talked
with him
away
as
he
beginsto speak,he
heard
never
him;
believing
anyone
talk
as
seems
to grow
he talks: you
before your
cannot
help
he is like one
inspired."
So she went
time to time,raised his
on, while Joshua,from
of her excitement she answered
eyes to her in surprise.In spite
his mute
questioning:
"
He
If you
once
heard
him,
began by sayingthat
crucified. You
know
how
he
you
came
everyone
crucifixion. Paul
would
to
have
to
believe him.
is ashamed
speak of the
crowningproof,he
to
new
creed; we
to
die with
THE
568
FORUM
Paul
Jesus to the thingsof the flesh,
with him
She
her
life."
everlasting
spoke slowly,but with
to
much
and then,clasping
feeling,
again
"
"
But did
"
I mean," he went
on
Jesusdie? Joshua asked.
did Paul try to prove that?
hesitatingly,
No, indeed,"repliedJudith. Everyone knows that a man
is not crucified by the Romans
and allowed to live."
criminal to the Romans," Joshua
But Jesus was
not
a
remarked
"perhaps they took less care in his case."
quietly;
Of course, he was
Oh, that's foolish,"
Judithretorted.
who are alive."
dead; they don't bury men
But sometimes,"Joshua went
men
are
thoughtto be
on,
dead who have onlyfainted. Jesusis said to have died on the
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
in
cross
few
crucified generally
live for
"I've
doubts
no
come
piety,you would
Paul preach,you
that he
was
three
days."
patiencewith you!" cried Judith.
from your dislike of religion.If you
not
two
like
on
go
would
or
that;and, if
Jesus beautifully."
Did he know Jesus?
of the disciples,
he?
was
"
"
All
your
had
more
heard
once
you
know, you
"
asked
Joshua.
"
He
not
was
one
"
"
"
He
the followers of
Jesus.
informingagainstthem
He
up
told
us
Damascus
to
called
they are
to
once
now
"
"
'
voice
was
days in Damascus,
"
long time,he
For
and
throwingthem
wonderful
one
It may
into
"
where,
every-
prison.
was
going
that's what
light
great
he
voice from
onlygot
of the Christians.
have been
went
cuting
perse-
when
the voice of
and
by
story. He
The
of
himself famous
made
'
.
Isn't it all
"
three
ers
pray-
'
beautiful?
"
Joshuaslowly, the
noon-
THE
570
prophets,greater
My kingdom
say,
the poor
to
and
see
the
him
is not
than Elias.
even
of this world,'and he
in
used
He
to
about with
went
you
pen
hap-
ever
"
Jerusalem?
FORUM
on
eyes
the
time
replied
low voice:
a
"
He
wasn't much
in
Jerusalem."
rains,tillit looked
as
if there
were
no
of
limit
Paul's power
conversion;the
to
had
become
The
ment
excite-
centurion;but these
more
out
of
than
curiosity
emotion.
Tabitha
and
Judithhad
leaders of the
"
"
themselves
in
great crowd
of
Jews, for
the doors
of
THE
"
MIRACLE
OF
"
Paul," said
I like
"Ah!"
STIGMATA
because he is
one,
THE
571
of the
Hebrew
Pharisee."
cried another.
"Do
remember
you
splendid
that
'
Coals of fire' !
"
true, too ! exclaimed
And
"
'
! ha ! ha !
Ha
new!
And
the
And
"
"Do
"
you
great, eh?
was
"
friend.
cried another.
each
embraced
men
conqueringenthusiasm.
with
That
JoshuapluckedSimon by
the garment:
hear?"
was
I hear."
red
"
above
me
is
and he that
againstme,
"
abroad.'
The
'
of the Messiah:
He
with me,
gatherednot
scattereth
thundered
man
the words
out
if he
as
defyingthe
were
world.
turned
to
him, he
saw
the garment,
by
that the
face
carpenter's
pale,
was
and
tears
"
was
"
Do
"
the
and, when
to say was
you
theysay?
'Are
for
crossly,
what
he had
of that?
enjoyed
What
is the
"
with
And
and,
moment,
"
vivid,impassionedtalk;"but
matter
for
hear what
Of course,
not
you?
Joshuaasked:
these
these things?"
men
witnesses?
true
*
Matthew
*ii. so.
Does
Paul
indeed
teach
THE
572
Simon
"
I suppose
Joshua looked
"
shortly:
answered
Yes:
must
FORUM
so."
at
him
and
regretfully,
Simon; I could
go,
Joshua made
I know
our
*
part.'
shrugged his
go,
he
saw
From
toward
'
once
He
his
that is
teaching.I
againstus is
not
that
shoulders
and
threw
out
by
of
way
"
very
Jesus that
answer:
"
to
of
know
alwayspreachedlove,Simon;
warning:
Judithwill be
turned
do you
"
go !
1 must
Simon
does
apostle?
words
He
He
"
his very
remember
on
what
Paul.
to
go."
listen
not
not
said:
angry!
the doors
opened,and, as Joshua
Simon carried away
by the rush of the
filledthe building.
past and in a moment
were
her husband.
he would
And
to
even
listen
not
now
any
talk about
Paul;
mere
of Paul's
no
mention
seemed
name
to
"
what
she had
to
began:
to say it,but
"
the
I must.
teachingof Jesus,and
even
to
Now
Paul is goingaway,
and
"
and
"
he asked
us
write down
any
Mark
ix. 40.
the
are
refused
You
me.
before he left
answered;
so
gatheringcourage,
I asked
"
her eyes
went
grow
littleconfused,but,
on:
who
one
unbeliever,
would
not
listen
even
"
or
573
him
live with
the truth
to
STIGMATA
"
her
to
rightto
to
THE
She
"
OF
MIRACLE
THE
me
"
'
'
over
defiantly
rose
husband
if she
as
His
of
want
"
exaltation,
and, as her
she
syllables,
looked
her
at
were
rang
meet
out:
hath
concord
"
up
what
and
certain
the last
expectedto
she
spirit,
'
After
' "
wonder,
his
eyes
with
"
"
who
of
sort
ful
sorrow-
Jesus;yet
denies
teaching?
'
"
Be
ye
not
'
Paul says; but
with unbelievers,'
for faith is stronger
lightis stronger than darkness."
"Oh
'
As
she
not
the unclean
out
than
not
doubt,
Paul
true.
thing,and
his hands
I will
her
to
as
seechingl
be-
"
may
extreme
have been
than
more
mistaken,"he
emotion; "he
hoping for
trusted
instant
went
Jesuswanted
righteousness.
on
in
God, cried
help in
"
vain.
voice broken
Him
to
.
ing
noth-
He
in his
was
by
tremity,
ex-
for-
THE
574
FORUM
saken, cruelly
forsaken,and
not
was
in preachinglove
surely,
wrong,
to
undone.
But he
--love that is
men"
spoke with
in,her
"
impassionedtenderness;but Judithbroke
and suspicion:
narrowing with question
do you know of Jesusand what he said? You never
about him before.
Did you know
him in Jerusalem?
eyes
What
spoke to
me
an
"
"
trembled,
"
happinessfor
"
would
you
What
what
leave
not
me
says?
she
is alwaysright,"
stranger
of
"
Paul says
stretched out
coolly.
hopelessappeal:
retorted
"
"
I shall find
Master:
she
As
alarm
is it?
Are
and
drawn
grew
new
life."
pale,and
in
ill?"
you
"
No," he replied, I
while
sat
down
she touched
not
am
ill."
After
to
she cried:
But he
a
called
are
spoke,Joshua'sface
"What
"
who
us
you
how?
"
"
with
up
and
he
unutterable
sigheddeeply.
life
way.
to
live
I
that the
over
must
again,I
have
hurt my
it. I should be
to
mother, and it
act
seems
and
in the
to
not
me
same
now
exclude
"
more
him:
Again she interrupted
"Paul
that you
says
felt so
hesitation is itself a
much
or
cared for
me
much."
no
idea
MIRACLE
THE
Her
tone
OF
he
and
gentler,
was
STIGMATA
THE
with
replied,
575
brave
attempt
smiling:
at
"
had
I have
no
as
my
you."
Judithanswered:
"
You
never
it is hard
so
anything,
say
to
believe you
feel
much."
This
a
brought the
while,there
talk
littlelater Paul
He
and
land
the
to
could
with him
any
new
him
and
to
taking
with
prideof
words
moved
ever.
Joshua got
onlytellhim
more
and
parting,
of Christ.
He
that
in the
up
called
in the house; he
Joppa.
Joshua returned
Months
coming
be found.
not
was
of the
who
sisters,
nowhere
Before
meeting.
meet;
was
his last
held
ship,he preachedonce
water
them.
between
peace
was
for
and,
sympathyand intimacy,
to
went
across
Judithhad
morning,Judith
gone
to
swer;
an-
Tabitha, and
resolved
back
not
for
live
not
to
time
to
to
Caesarea
and
dwelt
to
the road
cross
to
see
Joshua, and,
Joshua
they met.
as
aside,as
stillcame
if she didn't
toward
want
to
see
back
THE
576
without
word.
slowlyinto
went
then knew
that
After
FORUM
waitinga
while
theyhad
seen
in the road,
Neither
eyes.
Joshua
of them
After many
days,Paul came
againto Caesarea,on his way to
Jerusalem;and, once again,all Caesarea thronged to hear the
whom
man
now
recognizedas the greatest of the
everyone
at
apostles. As before,both Tabitha and Judithwere
diligent
the meetings,
and Judithin especial
treated by Paul with
was
great tenderness,as
one
who
had
suffered much
One
'
He
Our
too
was
faithful
Simon
was
good for
him
went
out
of the
so
you
Paul says
Pish ! "
left him.
you, and
over
his
on
straight
helpedto
to
the
lay
care
women.
and
"
"
in the middle.
"
"
Oh, that is nothing,"Judithreplied;
Jerusalem."
Tabitha repeated:
How
An accident?
strange!"
A moment
later,she cried again:
marks are in
Judith,look ! The same
Judithstarted.
knew
"Really?" And then: "I never
happened to
him
an
accident that
in
"
"
his feet."
that.
They used
THE
IRISH
QUESTION
Brooks
Sydney
'
September
ON
resounding effect. It
Rule
thousand
in Dublin
not
at
the
and
any
Parliament
present
but
with
scene,
an
nor
transformed
not
which
not
to
character
and
Hyacinth
and
from
the
"
rhetoric
I would
on
who
Three
o'clock
twenty years,
but
an
it is regaledremain
which
Mr.
by
but
to
George
A.
Americans
throwing a light
as
Seething Pot,
Kavanagh
not
far
moved
re-
question;and in
of
there is a description
took place on
September
of the Irish
heart
revealingbooks
as
the hour
was
yielding
un-
merely changed
not
has read
meeting of Orangemen
has
in themselves
innermost
One
demonstrations
cordiallyrecommend
politics.
Anyone
Benedict
by
not
their
express
three novels
are
elsewhere
be obtained
the
to
of these
in Ireland
speecheswith
There
just such
23.
the
only as capitalstories
that is
assembled
fired,however,
was
fired
was
but been
Rule
every
The
not
third,and probably
by
Orangemen
to
hostility
be.
in the
opening gun
do
the
23
commencement
forehan
speech-making. For half an hour beilies
the men
gathered to the platform,leavingtheir famelder men
and the vicinity
of their own
Grim
standards.
the field,gray-beardswith deeplyplodding slowly across
came
furrowed
faces and
hard
the
too, better
dressed
lipped,but with
these northern
very
slow
to
blue eyes.
their
These
utterances,
spoke
little to
one
leaving suspiciously
greetings of strangers.
the
as
same
came,
Younger men
rule,less silent,ruddy of face,and full-
hard
eyes.
They
are
strong
new
ideas
or
578
accept
new
or
people,
trusting,
opinions,therefore
THE
IRISH
immenselytenacious.
neither
friend's
nor
men
friend.
579
once
of many
years will break the
their sons
will stillcount
their
passage
afterwards
Thirty years
tie.
If these
absence
remote
QUESTION
When
theytrust a leader,theywill
desert him, but it is onlyone
in a whole
not readily
or
two
men
of
generationwhom
they trust. Their extraordinary
tenacity
ideas has been a strength
of veheto them.
ment
Againstit waves
revolution break
oratory and swellingtides of political
son
themselves
in vain.
acceptedthe
once
ing
weakness, for hav-
Englishstatesmen
for them to
impossible
almost
in the game
pawns
their
belief that
for years
used, and
they are
once
playedby
have
who
men
been
them
understand
used, simply as
less than
care
wish
nothing
of Rome.
would
They
quisitio
in-
new
protecting
power
of England were
the
withdrawn
from them; or, if not literally
of them
thumbscrew
and the rack, a hardlyless terrible bullying
and of all who professedtheir creed.
It is curious that they
should hold such a belief,because in reality
no
Irishman, certainly
Irishman worth considering,
to bullythem, and
wants
no
tions,
also because, even
supposingthe existence of the worst intenern
the rest of Ireland could not effectually
bullythe northProtestants.
them
this. He
wished
them
did
Beauford
Charles
But
to
continue
not
to
mean
tell
that English
believing
the friends of
were
proposedto serve
He intended to persuadethem that their interests were
liberty.
safe when laid before such Englishstatesmen
by glib-tongued
statesmen
of the party he
masterlymanner.
his opinionthat the
They did not cheer
a
The
fact had
waste
cheers
were
worthy
on
before
men
him
without
truisms.
children
He
He
often been
they acceptedit
yet.
him
The
remark
stated in their
He
went
on
out
be
as
were
misgiving. It
to
is
to
of their ancestors,
commonplace.
was
assure
the
worth
them
men
while
that
to
they
frequently
THE
580
referred
to
FORUM
had bled and died.
in orations,who
hemorrhage,and
had
and
determination
great
to
'
of the past.
ones
the gates of
Ireland.
He
Then
the
round
appeal to rally
the old
his
westwards
southwards
and
ditch.
and
Old
he
as
down
sat
in
incredibly
that these
earnest; that
audience
speech:
shoulder
to
waved
audience cheered
ford
Beau-
It struck Mr.
before
theywould
Roman
Canon
men
of
to
faces hardened
him.
lieved,
be-
west
Beauford
Mr.
The
be
stand
flag,to
upon
and
of the
climax
found.
might
Men's
theylistened to
as
in the south
came
be, in
which
thought
Beauford
also
vigorous.
the noble
the
than then of
Catholic
became
the savage
was
animated
now
Mr.
faith
actually
greater while he spoke than it was
shut in the face of King James.
Derry were
was
denounced
'
which
spirit
the Protestant
to
civil liberty,
had
preserve
enumerated
forth the
set
Devotion
He
him
were
actually
die,die in damp,
even
comfortable
un-
"
smiled
slightly.
He had not the slightest
idea,he did not suppose that theyknew
he himself
what they wanted to die for. Certainly
very clearly
had no intention of dyingif he could possibly
help it. He meant
if these absurd Orangemen were
to live,and it seemed
as
going
cess.
to help him
to live comfortably. His
speechhad been a suc-
would
die very
gladlyfor
the sake
would, he hoped, be
He
sent
of
He
"
to
Westminster
to
make
to
"
it."
The
are
the
men
men
whom
who
Mr.
defeated
Rule
in 1886
and
1893 and
THE
who
to
mean
spokenof
IRISH
defeat
it
QUESTION
again
next
581
They
year.
are
as
of fact
usually
In three of them
the Catholics
in
are
an
As
other
nine
half
ties.
coun-
overwhelming
anti-Home
the
being among
National
is
The
old
that
oligarchy
used
cause.
confined
now
with the
"
the
to
of
towns
"
provincein
Derry,Down
and
litical
po-
its grip
Antrim
Belfast in ticular
parof Ireland,the cityof inexhaustible industrial
and
Belfast.
of
and bigotry,
strongholdof Unionism
Its people have developed
and myopic politics.
in its strength
character almost as repellent
type of
splendidenergy,
almost
Londonderry
Their
to
the
is the
commerce
far-seeing
a
vigorouschampions of
territorial,
commercial,social and
the counties of
Chicago
marvels
as
steadfast and
most
of its Protestants
thousands
Ulster,many
matchless
combination
of power
and
their
tenacity,
do not
efficiency,
couth,
uncommunity. They are intolerant,
ingratiating
is
commercialized, rough-tongued,provincial.There
probablyno spot in the world where 350,000 peopleproduce so
and linen-mills,
much wealth as in Belfast. Their ship-yards
their tobacco factories and distilleries,
and
their printing-works
conceiva
inof a magnificent
the emblem
are
rope-factories,
conquest over
record of industrial
odds, a fine and indisputable
achievement. To grant them all that and to realize its significance
is to understand, though not necessarily
to
sympathize
with,their attitude,their natural and quiteinevitable attitude,
toward the five-sixthsof Ireland that is Catholic,rural,chimney-
make
them
an
THE
582
less,moribund
Quebec, how
and
dreamy.
would
remains, as
FORUM
If
it feel and
would
one
Protestantism
Chicagowere
rest
of Ireland
its hinterland?
expect it to remain,
and
almost
is littlecommunity of interests or
the
toward
act
plantedin Lower
that it
can
hotbed
ferocious Unionism.
sympathiesbetween
be
brought
to
feel
fast
Bel-
of
bending
un-
There
itself and
or
edge.
acknowl-
and
Having almost the monopoly of appliedintelligence
industrial prosperity,
having also Popery on the brain and its
Belfast simplyasks of Catholic Ireland
eyes on the country-house,
to
be let alone.
the
of
men
With
Belfast,true
to
their Scottish
and
ticality,
prac-
are
origin,
have
made
prey
of
but
men
a
also the
them
to
trust
whom
the
dupes of
rawness
their
them
so
formidable,
the easy
ing
creed is noth-
and
prejudices
of the
Orange
to
laughable stepping-stone
place and
power.
Rule makes
Unionist half of Ulster that opposes Home
and Empire; but the
to the Crown
a great parade of its loyalty
It is
main
to be three-fold.
grounds of its opposition
appear
The
to
because as an industrial community it objects
againstit,first,
beinggoverned by a Parliament that must in the main be elected
interests*
and dominated
vote
by agricultural
by the agricultural
wild
community it has some
sembly
of an Asfantastic fear of religious
at the hands
persecution
cause,
that will be preponderantly
Catholic; and thirdlybeparty that
being the last strongholdof the old ascendency
because
secondly,
as
Protestant
THE
IRISH
once
QUESTION
583
foreboding
lively
of what
chief power.
discriminated
instruction
Nationalism
and
of half of Ulster.
of uneasy
men
are
Ulster
must
You
consciences;and
take her chance.
cannot
as
the anti-
with
argue
bigots
She will be
amply and
erfully
pow-
"
"
"
as
be dictated
can
by
see
solution may
Great
perial
itself to the Im-
commend
Orangemen
at
amusement.
disgusted
of
the present
There
can
Ulster Unionism
moment
at
to
any
one
great obstacle
to
Home
Rule
tle
lit-
arouse
rate
be
no
influence British
policy
years,
THE
584
diminished.
portionately
has been
removed
Lords.
Under
which
The
not.
"
the
and
the Statute
less than
two
Book, whether
of Home
measure
Act
of
Bill
any
years
the Lords
legislative
path has therefore
for whatever
obstacle
of the House
veto
the Parliament
of Commons
not
greater
even
the
mean
of
provisions
sessions within
on
Another
altogether
the House
passes
FORUM
been
matically
placedauto-
agree
to
it or
cleared
effectually
the Government
Rule
secutive
con-
duces.
intro-
Irish
the
stonian Home
introduction
question.What
Rule Bills?
was
the
It
the
at
indignation
secondly,
"deal"
it
as
Rule
and possibly
suspicion,
open
the fear that Home
Ireland; fourthly,
Protestants
Gladstone
to
was
would
war,
to
stepping-stone
between
Rule
meant
England
Rome
and
Rule
loyaland industrious
rebellious,
predatoryand bigoted
handing
the mercies of
but
was
and
Parliaments
two
with
tion
spectacleof the British Constitu-
a
thirdly,
was,
price of
was
over
of the murderous
and
at
beast
the active
the
committed,if not
disapprovalof
the
outrages
on
man
without
certainly
instigation,
Nationalist M. P.'s; and finally,
the
masses
people.
But in the past five and twenty years the force .ofthese arguments
and emotions has weakened
almost to vanishingpoint.
of the evils which English
to-daya frank recognition
misgovernmenthas inflicted upon Ireland. There is an honest
almost pathetic
desire to make
reparation.There is an effort,
the Irish character. The old bitin its futility,
to understand
ish
have almost whollydisappeared.The fooland rancor
terness
is no longer
that the Irish are unfit for self-government
taunt
contradictions in which
heard.
The irrational and exasperating
in the
the English democracy has involved itself by persisting
There
is
THE
586
has
the landlords
known;
never
tenants, but
tenants,
for
with
war
with neighbors,
mer
and the forfriendship
no
tating
longeragipossessors of their holdings,
the
now
longer livingat
no
of
terms
on
FORUM
reduction of
of
scheming to oust the owners
but turningtheir thoughts more
and more
soil,
to the lems
probof practical
remarkable
than
agriculture.But more
even
the
about.
rent
the
was
in which
manner
was
round-table conference.
at
in
settling
by far the
than
or
problems
no
were
of practicability
and a new
spirit
of unity,nationality
been
and independencethat had
sense
steadily
permeatingIrish affairs since the dying down of the
it is
passionsaroused by the Parnellite split.There are still,
more
token
Irelands
true, two
of
tenants
brought
meeting
And
most
it was
new
North
twenty.
or
and
South, Protestant
and
and
Catholic,industry
fullyand
as
as
all Irishmen
are
the memories
of
members
of old
one
have
struggles
tials
superior
caste; the essenexistence are not yet completely
men
of
national
prosperous
recognized. None
not
a
to
assert
interest among
growth of more
Irishmen in the practical
cooperation
problemsof life and more
them in the solution of those problemsthan any previous
among
period of Irish history.The Irish mind in the last two decades
has taken a novel and most
hopefulturn toward the concrete
and
the constructive.
before
that the
of
regeneration
on
when
were
in
the country
Ireland; there
and
spheresof non-political
more
open
is
There
to
Irishmen
ever
depends ultimately
never
was
time
non-sectarian endeavor
ally
graduparties;
antagonism
political
creeds and
of all classes,
and
social,religious
have been
of
and
a
new
For
act
for themselves
of individualism.
salutaryspirit
would point to
the tokens of these changes one
in
and
many
IRISH
THE
QUESTION
587
the
movement
agricultural
cooperative
stilldirected by Sir Horace
Plunkett,a movement
things
to
"
farmers;
100,000
composed of
Irishmen
to
the Recess
of all ranks
and
initiated and
that
braces
em-
now
Committee, which
creeds and
was
parties of
"
men,
is
to
say, who
"
remarkable
of material
programme
betterment; to the
the firsttime,
which
and money,
to the thought and care
stock-raiser;
to the many
beinglavished on the congesteddistricts;
and
are
that
movements
an
fostering
are
conference
question.
League,with
"
which, whatever
may
does
at
apart;
to
kept Irishmen
democracyin Ulster,the
least
the
stirrings
Party in Belfast,
tarianism
againsta barren sec-
stream
on
of the north
the revolt of the younger men
and againstthe aloofness of Protestantism
main
war
to the advance
political
agitation;
generaladdition
which
from
the
of interest in
Unionists,under
many
understandingand
with
to the facility
with the Nationalist position;
sympathizing
which Mr. Birrell passed his bill establishing
a university
able
acceptthousands of non-political
to Irish Catholics;to the many
meetingswhich have been held in connection with the cooperative
the
and the Gaelic League, and to all
movement
tunities
opporfor mutual association afforded by the workings of the
istration
and to a lesser degree by the adminDepartmentof Agriculture,
one
name
or
another, have
of the Local
What
it
comes
to
made
Government
towards
Act.
slow but
steady
THE
588
Americans
what
that
and
seemed
used
is
before,
but
million
people
only
not
is
when
believe
having
quite
got
the
to
much.
In
chances
of
not,
will
1886
be
am
any
call
in
it
is
acceptable
to
is
be
to
were
and
1893,
and
basis,
persuaded
never
to
will
will
be
be,
worth
to
off
that
Mr.
easy.
less
But
difficult
than
be
is
the
it
wants
frame
bill
avoid
the
measures
has
now.
very
because
she
never
that,
think,
financial
it
many
and
would
Gladstone's
Anglo-Irish
be
There
not,
will
that
that
farmer
To
and
stirred
would
discussing,
Ireland.
nomic
eco-
factors
Rule,
whether
over
decades;
two
well
Home
that,
against
not
and
many
so
though
view,
hardly
adjust
social
political controversy.
Redmond
Mr.
brought
that
this
of
passions
Nationalist
all
given
is
four
trade
progress
about
decided
have
the
indeed,
cares
to
the
and
this,
been
than
past
material
average
halt
case,
politics
Rule
equitable
an
Home
the
land,
her
the
though
as
and
longer
no
of
all
ever
more
import
fact,
Ireland,
something
undoubtedly
within
reconciliation
she
content
raised
has
in,
set
never
with
she
rather
level
it looks
And
"
and
has
Orangemen
now.
whole
becomes
reinforced.
appreciably
people
sensibly
the
than
export
The
Rule
for
than
prosperous
an
subsided,
making
are
of
"
feeling
good
prosperous
year.
Home
it have
by
up
more
been
has
of
era
antiquated
handling
a
"
an
that
centre,
common
stubbornness
absolutely
$600,000,000
towards
call
to
obviously
more
Ireland
and
Irishmen
fanatical
old
the
life
all
of
approximation
FORUM
or
that
tions
objecof
relations
on
been,
and
WITH
WHITMAN
WALT
nov.
8 p.m.
do you
"
news
asked:
"
"
7,
888.
W.
of
spoke at once
what news?
bringme
for
"
I said:
now?"
sure
He
I remember
"
so
"
the election.
"
Is it Harrison
"
He
paused. Then:
the days of uncertainty:
not
vinced."
wholly con"
appointed
dis-
am
bit disappointed:
I wanted
to
My
me.
Ah ! what
Harrison."
CAMDEN
Traubel
Horace
wednesday,
IN
attitude toward
the tariff:
on
I do
not
"
"
itcan't,
it must
whom
developeda
the
of
we
there is
making one
do
not
fact that
race
of
family,
half of them
lot of
us
in
international
unity,
hold the
we
are
love
camaraderie, fellowship,
new
idea of the
truer
farther,
there
Commenced
in the October
5S9
number.
THE
590
not
to
seem
Blaine is made
hope?
The
say
must
in
it
I start
"
to
we
"
Would
that
the
see
lay of
suspicion.Think
of motive
sort
much
give us
the
ground:
of
tract
tryingto exfinds expression
that
low, to
me
the
of
sort
with
from
brightest
prospects. Suppose
State?
trend is indicated
paper,
seems
the
us
Secretaryof
comfort
any
offer
to
me
FORUM
pointof view.
opinion:for America's
paper,
I shrink from
mud
such
future,the world's,there
freer,nobler mediums
of faith."
of
panderingorgans
be
must
I described my
larger,
in
loafing
the
last
Harrison
the
Republicans:
He
"
I have
"
what, who
it seizes you
of them.
the
masses.
what
"
crowd
What
The
may
at
am
not
in such
home
tell
you
spond
re-
"
againstyour
historic: I
pathies,
sym-
Broadway,
missed
never
to
goes
of that?
hope
no
for what,
me
nature,
needs
enjoyed
places:I
big affairs on
the
the crowd:
streets
I remember
come
time have
tling.
whis-
it all,"he said:
see
even
spiteof yourself,
good
the crowd
"
can
of them
one
Oh, I
life of the
in
dreams:
your
tell?
can
to the
sensitively
many
"
for it.
gone
such crowds
from
all ears
was
playing:the singingand
bands
will be its
the
own
savior."
I don't
"
Emerson
would
sweet,
by
"
took
off his
shrinkingfrom
fear of
"
the
horror
said:
W.
Emerson.
doubted
Yet
it? "
in
Presbyterian
was
Emerson
I
edge: he had
own
of it,if I may
of
suspicion
egotism that
egotism itself.
ever
his
edge
"
who
the talk to
his whole
apt, genuine,storyteller:
most
being egotistichad
had
an
was
turned
face
he spoke:he was
quiet,
as
serene,
lightup anticipatingly
erson
too, Emas
a
coming. Curiously,
conciliating,
story was
repeatingthose stories which told against
enjoyedmost
himself
of
what
know
almost
was
quotedan
which
Emerson
on
"
say
so:
ror,
hor-
show
of it: indeed, he
who
knows, quite?
the square
anti-Emerson
was
great dread
"
"
alwaysso:
piecewritten
WITH
"
WALT
WHITMAN
IN
and self-sufficient."
W. took that
egotistic
no
no
"
man
less tainted
"
there
no:
"
lived
never
a
man,
man
sweeter,
CAMDEN
591
"
up at
saner,
but self-sufficient,
takingthat
everything
word
"
modest
more
gentlycourageous
more
No
once.
the way
he
it
was
was
in this instance."
meant
THURSDAY,
8.
NOV.
W.
7-45 P-m-
Speaksof
gone.
of what
and
book
is stillon
mind
readingthe
his readingas
motioningme
the election.
to
and
seat
The
was
daylight
nearly
of humor
a
matter
altogether
"
"
hand
to
comes
Bible.
He
when
asked
layingthe
he
sits down.
His
immediatelyafter
me
book
"
down:
Is everything
'
Is it fixed
now?
After my
of Blaine
beyond a doubt?
yes,"he asked another question: Do they speak
for the State Department?
To this too I answered
"Yes."
Then
"
"
"
will make
good
Blaine
He
from
he exclaimed:
one
to
dramatic
u
know
let them
entitled
they are
alwayscuts
wanted
"Well,
if
to
have
him:
he
he is superb in technique."
figure:
anythingauthentic has yet
"
and added:
bearingupon the defeat?
I hope he bears it philosophically:
it is our
defeat
his
not
with the tariff men
than ours."
Then
he dealt directly
more
:
that
so
They think this is the end: let them go on believing
come
the President
"
"
"
there is no
hell. There
are
ballots
more
to
come
lots,
balelections,
then ballots,elections,
again and
will
the
livingissues:
onlya postponement."
recur:
I had
this
visibly
delighted.He
for a long
handled it fondly,
portrait
regardingthe frontispiece
time. "This
of Cazsar I
is quitedifferent from the pictures
have heretofore seen." Then he thanked me:
I am
glad you
to
clusions
conbroughtit: I am sure to enjoy it." He rarelycomes
about a book before he reads it. This was
a
ment
complithe Casar
with
me.
He
was
"
to
We
Froude.
discussed the
Should we
selves
ourset a limit upon
question:
has
Some one
with regardto free expression?W. said:
It
said what some
peopleregardas a profoundbit of wisdom:
is importantto say nothing to arouse
popular resentment.'
"
'
THE
592
Have
'
What
'
does it mean?
in
of
thought
ever
you
FORUM
it?
For
I have
myself I
I should
decidingwhat
often
have
say and
asked
had
never
not
say.
myself:
any
ficulty
dif-
First of all
sincerityfrankness,open-mindedness
: that
comes
"
talk
to
time before he
straightout.
It
was
is the liminary:
presaid of Pericles that each
to
"
to
"
'
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
bit
hard
too
McClellan
on
yet I know
related
were
make
an
"
the
earlyend
Union:
As
qualities.
obvious
an
as
to
seems
our
more
and
more
add
more
and
more
distinction
to
of the War
"
their
made:
be
and
Lincoln
between
who
man
tures
na-
pointto
contemplatedthe prospect
Clellan
Mc-
of
est
dealt the soft-
generalidol,
each side,waitingfor the
foot on
the savior: so he kept one
But
of events which was
to givehim his immortality.
turn
sure
pected.
he expected McClellan exdid not
the way
turn
out
events
coln's
LinIn all that went
along with this clash of policies
blows
all around
would
be the great
the
man,
"
lan
of McClelthe personalism
shone resplendent:
benignity
Lincoln alinjurious:
was
perilous,
always discouraging,
THE
594
FORUM
stand
opposed to everythingwhich
of exclusion. Our
againstall policies
all
pointone
After
that
that way
way:
cannot
other discussion he
some
has
liberty
got
do before
to
restriction
means
stand
"
conditions,ideals,causes,
have achieved
we
Some
liberty!
meanings: even
"
"
"
"
"
humorous.
Not
far
Have
if the
as
gone
you
far
questionseemed
long time
to
get
I must
wait."
of
out
seemed
to
asked
He
doors?"
hear
was
what
something: it was
NOV.
and
willingto
election face
to
but that
almost
talk
coarse,
we
was
broken:
was
nothing.
"I
I wondered
am
willingto
the
As
The
see
the
to
argument
now
For
good
ample
ex-
"
far has
been
tentative,
higher statements.
undertones.
Virginiasets
West
not
slanderous:
partisan,
study the
he continued:
I am
face,to consider,weigh, it unprejudicedly:
is cleared.
will have
ing
Is it rain-
stillpolitics." I
"
the deck
"
IO.
He
talk:
our
like
I said
tone.
W. reading The
7.40 p.m.
downstairs that he had had a
me
"
tricks."
strangelyexalted in
he was
thinkingof.
SATURDAY,
I said "No,"
When
be, is playingme
may
of
in the midst
me
Go
instance,have
under
you
the surface,
thought,there
WITH
WALT
six
be five or
may
or
WHITMAN
IN
CAMDEN
595
mously
unani-
States almost
"
"
"
"
"
balanced
one
at
"
standstill:yet
see
we
the real
have
by
us
by
or
of
yet ahead
children
our
littledream
men
to
these
or
theirs :
! All
us
will
"
skin-
not
which will
like the tariff,
but life and death challenges
ticklers,
"
Did
this side or that." He asked me:
on
fiercely
see
by the papers that Tennyson is very ill? I'm afraid!
you
I'm afraid!
They call it gout rheumatic gout which often
has swift,fatal endings. You
know, Tennyson is pretty far
at
along is eightyyears old or so : thingsgo hard with a man
A man
that stage of the game." We spokeof sudden deaths.
line
us
up
"
"
"
"
gets sick:
celebre:
some
further:
Arnold."
"
It
was
I asked
wrote
London
then
often about
me
soon
"
him
"
of Arnold
He
so
kept
was
Moncure
surprise:
his condition: he
I understood
weaker:
Matthew
"
"
answered:
not
we
it'scommenced."
as
so
about
"
was
as
of Darwin,
Conway was:
ailed,ailed graduallygrew
was
not
unexpected by me."
"
over
Carlyle. He
Carlyle:his death was
informed about
Conway
it'sall
so
sick: then
we
in
Carlyleailed,
that
his end
reflected: then
was
was
"
no
shock,
"And
win
Dar-
of the
age." He
drifted back
! the good
Carlyle
to
fellow ! the
myselfsayingthat in spiteof
my
"
Some
years
ago
596
THE
FORUM
of guns: for
this was:
unspeakablysupreme
stroke:
master
this gun
made
that old
Here
change of front:
no
"
he reached
forward
"
table,handing it to
for
and
them
something or other
off the
of paper
istic
characterCarlyle:
them
to use
probablyintending
here
but
"
reaffirm
present faith."
sheet
pickeda
it now:
me:
I wrote
words:
it the seal of my
affix to
judgment
tion,
reverbera-
Carlyle.I repeat
to-day,here, to you, I
"
have
depth, power,
did."
never
had written
He
the
on
sheet:
"
No
good book,"
good book
or
"
says
on
Novalis)
Carlyle(article
"
no
"
good thingof
sort
any
shows
"
lence
qualityin a true work of art, if its excelis that at firstsightit occahave any depth and compass,
sions
certain disappointment;
a
perhaps,even, mingled with its
undeniable beauty,a certain feelingof aversion."
After a while he spoke of the
policyof anonymity in
the
Nay,
commonest
"
"
"
newspapers:
nowhere
"
It
seems
than
more
on
mistake
"
SUNDAY,
"
in that
is: without
having
"
"
leans
J.i 5 p.m.
Yes, indeed
too!"
don't
He
II.
it has been
volunteered:
hurry: I
should know:
sympathy,all
faith,my
side."
one
NOV.
mistake:
the Irish
"
Times
The
outrageous
grave
gone
"
W., vigorously:
with Parnell."
my
the
I said:
Times"
The
pretty mess
in
insisted upon
more
find
I don't
mass
"I
am
He
for W.
days
"
going ahead
for
of stuff new
read it straighton
"
am
me
said
evenings,
and
with
to me:
Casar:
there
"
stuffI
graspingthings,
WITH
WALT
I made
events."
of Froude's
criticism.
W.
accuracy.
"
It
to
seems
me
says, let us
did
not
this
must
talked about
We
put it this
Harrisonites
he is un-American."
Later
the
at
judgment
that came
lights,
He
cent.
I made
from
thingsI
in my
way.
man
he is a free trader,
"
"
"
said:
What
I did
was
not
thuse
en-
what
I may
call a prophetic
of him: facts,stories,
up
heard
lous:
marvel-
was
self.
thorough-going
grip on himFor two or three years he was
generally
regardeddarkly,
in Washington, through the North."
suspiciously,
scornfully,
he
He branched off into personalreminiscences of men
whom
from the beginknew who had supportedLincoln unhesitatingly
ning.
he
was
"
Then
he
have
women
of the
have
spoke of
worked,
worried
but the
His
I don't think
given sufficientcredit:
"
of their
women
who
"
up
the
to
here who
prayed
NOV.
it is and
theirs: but
how
heard
echo
is all
which
for
soldiers,
Northern
our
never
been
nized
recog-
means."
12.
talked with
paraders. W.
have
we
W.
sittingin his chair. The
p.m.
head was
dropped in his righthand.
day,yet
Northern
our
we
fortitude,
patriotism:
their self-control,
their sacrifice,
has
for what
MONDAY,
"
cheered, lauded,
them
too
right,
women:
of the South
heard
"
been
ever
women
armies
had
the
so:
Lincoln's composure
self-contained
said: "The
talked of Lincoln:
He
this
it "
found
and
so
to
open
the tariff. He
five per
we
beginning,but
597
expressedsuspicions
stand."
your
CAMDEN
think Casar
the tariff is
way:
that down
cut
IN
some
fine narrative."
who
WHITMAN
fluency.Camden
said: "Let
about
them
had
their blare:
The
to-morrow?
He
alive with
was
have
lightwas
lowered.
had
bad
torchlight
to-day is
tariff sneak-thieves
seem
expect another
"
"
the
writers,the
"
race
traditions
"
are
THE
598
that the
that when
the end
near
later
sweet
very
be
may
called
then
of
Try
to
think
him
read
is
spare
no
sweet
Keats
are
For
and
oh!
"
He
is often
more
the
not
all Keats
"
superb finish,
style,
beauty,I
come
these Sonnets:
to
up
this difference
to
too
me,
Plays of
other.
an-
suggested itself to
Shakespeareplays:think
on:
on:
of their
energy
fields,
mire, creeks:
across
Keats
Shakespeare'sSonnets,
of
of the
force:
done, said:
the
"
mind
never
greatest energy
of
and tone,
manner
"
"
"
"
multipliedby
No: vigor was
that's all
suppose."
He
that
virility
NOV.
TUESDAY,
7.25 p.m.
the
we
Then
refinement."
called for:
not
less of
out
to
course
all: he
of life,action:
intensity
"
them?
you
refer
added.
the mystery
splendidplay of
who is splashed
let it be
do
their
movement:
he
don't
"
How
been
Has
Sonnets
read
puzzle:
you?
have
to
Oh, no!
sum
You
of Grass
"
him:
I have of
almost
Does
"
vast
they have
the
I asked
anyway?
you
know
way:
"
Greek?"
Greek:
said
all sweetness:
"
elegancy."
ness,
or
of Keats.
the whole,
on
idea
loot,then
possessions,
Leaves
criticising
He replied:
familiarly."
or
his works:
sweet
out!
letter
with
the
prosperity:
"
"
often
was,
look
admirer
an
regard Keats,
then
"
of
sort
"
mentioned
letter from
"
prosperity this
men
is
He
hate
gods
FORUM
could ask
and
their
he
theyare
than
so
absent
totally
in their
from
own
us
do, I
tremendous
with
of
most
"
vigor in
more
personal:
work
own
more
no
saw
the Sonnets."
13.
W.
drifted into
of
parallelism
talk
by
inspired
letter
He
ing
point-
said:
"
often
seen
"
WITH
WALT
WHITMAN
IN
CAMDEN
do
not
may
Mr.
day to
Shaw's
three
"
four of
or
Bartlett: it
was
of
Shaw
us.
599
went
us
had
one
ful
wonder-
Syria,Spain:the
with paintings:
there were
the most
and unusual
interesting
everywhere covered
also
swords there, too; cutlery,
I remember
the silks rich silks kept in rolls
cutlery:
It was
while roaming through these
as
theykeep wall papers.
were
"
"
that I
rooms
I wanted
to
the sweetest,
came
"
the Millets: I
upon
be alone: and
I got
so
an
then
fullest,
peaceablest:
was
hour
I
saw
two
to
Millet.
myself
"
ber
remem-
a
picture a simplescene:
girlholdinga cow with a
halter: the cow's head was
dropped into the creek from which
it was
it
drinking:it would be called a commonplace subject:
also vivid and powerful.
was
that,to be sure : but then it was
Millet's color sense
was
opulent,thorough,uncompromising;
giltand glitter:
emphaticonly as nature
yet not gaudy never
is emphatic. I felt the masterfulness of The Soivers: its dark
truth
grays : not overwrought anywhere: true alwaysto its own
pression."
borrowing nothing:impressivein its uniquemajesty of exI said to myselfthen,I say it over
He added:
to
tion
myselfnow, that I can at last understand the French Revoluit
realize the great powers that layback of it,explain
now
I said to myself then, I can
its great far-stretching
past.
realize now,
that there can
be no
depth of feeling,
sympathy,
emotional appeal,present in a picture,a painting,
anywhere,
going beyond these: here is the fact incarnate." Again
anytime,
he said:
well understood as I would
On one pointI am
not
as
wish to be: an old feelingof pridein the rustic because he was
rustic Burns, Millet,Whittier: I do not share that pridemyself:
with
whatever it may be it is not modern, is not equi-large
one
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
the
meanings
newer
of
civilization. Victor
'
are
of the
those words."
not
the
'
poor,
people
people :
"
it is
I put in:
"
the
these
Hugo
ignorantpeasants: 'these,'
are
What
somewhere
nings
begin-
justin
peopleyou
that
il
'
Yes
would say of our
He answered:
present democracy?
Oh, yes! That is what I have been strivingto say for thirty"
THE
600
five
all
repeating,
that
of
outcrop
in
his
insisting
fed
with
it:
upon,
it, drinking
"
"
from
of
"
What
"I
date?"
the
friend,
where,
have
probably
were
and
indeed,
why,
been
how,
have
not
all
I
only
finally
be
off
he
resumed
No,"
it
the
were
"
all?
called
"
then
anything
an
was
the
than
more
progressist
from
continued)
the
first?"
the
Not
had
or
then
orthodox
anti-slavery
on
ishing."
flour-
most
was
at
while
years
"
anti-slavery:
cut
they
party
the
that
in
"From
of
time
affiliations
opinions
around
(To
the
Democrat:
your
Know-
"
been
anti-slavery."
was
first:
could
the
was
suppose
party
your
flourished
"
with
sympathy
that
He
days
"
thirty-five,
were
my
it:
put
to
any
"If
"
from
you
What
none?"
before
America.
parties
those
ruminating
to
way
twenty-five
Had
of
party
in
parties
minor
the
to
paused,
the
just
not
slightest."
would
he
of
eras
rather
was
"
"
you
great
it
here
old
then
The
party:
that's
was
"
youth.
plentiest
the
prohibition:
to
Nothing
of
talked
he
referred
re-stating:
meanings."
Later
the
are
poems
my
its
"
stating,
now:
years
FORUM
it
ocrat."
Dem-
at
that
"Yes,
anti-slavery:
fellows:
Democratic
that's
party."
THE
602
challengeto what
but
not
be without
deal
valid
First
more.
I hold
outlived
an
all,Shaw
is the
stillalive whose
it would
superstition,
reason
of
those
writer among
FORUM
But it is
only English-speaking
challenge
great
could
serve
outside of
and
England and
America
there are
in the same
position,
only two other men
derson's
Furthermore, Dr. Hennamely Strindberg and Maeterlinck.
volume gives evidence of patientresearch,genuine enthusiasm,
as
and
"
intuition in its
remarkable
it
might
have
If
judgments.
we
it
factor in the
is,it may well be termed an indispensable
actually
complexion. But being,also,a
studyof our own
day'sspiritual
of
work
it aims, among
high pretensions,
landmarks,"
as
Ibsen
put it;and
other
it has
so
of Life
{Interpreters
teaches mathematics
Twain) who
,
his
criticism,
"
well
of its
as
ranks
fessor
pro-
writingliterary
puzzlingmixture
he is not
is a
of its form
much
Mark
good writingand
some
as
that
enly
high indeed, there appear awkward
passages, slovthat fit
and lapses into academic mannerisms
repetitions,
very
only confuse.
to
kind
Carolina
when
shortcomings. And
North
judged not
Spiritand
spirit.Among
be
to
ing
mov-
the Modern
"
of merits and
"
things,at
of
An
me.
creature
as
The
"
"
of
nature
English
of the
criticism which
new
"
"
intellectual
"
French
Dr.
to
seems
me
the
same
deprives
printedin italics. And when Dr. Henderson
right
the Darwinian
strugglefor existence of its English birthI experience
what a polite
by using its French translation,
called
of fatigue."
friend of mine once
sense
a pressing
brand
be
"
"
"
There
we
learn that
drama
and
are
of
Shaw
"
Bernard
have
one
certainly
debates."
as
when,
contradictions,
Shaw
discussion,"and
dramatized
for
also strange
are
on
be said
may
the very next
pointin common:
But
quoting authorities.
have
that
"
the
one
page,
invented the
Aristophanes
playsof
both
worse
to
on
PROPOS
"
like this:
sentence
some
On
Webb
SHAW
this occasion
Mr.
as
Chesterton
"
is
of his
to
as
with
intimidate and
appositequoting. If
the automatic
the other
hand, the
make
cannot
its inherent
may
The
probability.
tends to
superfluous
thoughtto be conveyedfrom
similar
reasons
"
of learned
tations
repu-
quarrelswith
I dwell
instead of
obscure
brain
to
at
such
revealingthe
brain.
refer
must
reasonable,
importanceis that
that whatever
principle
"
is
For
reason
all-important
principlethe
an
more
of minor
matter
average
seem
"
much
so
be
statement
impressivearray
most
of
sense
what
it involves
estrange the
vigorous,independentthinkingis
And
lengthon
ing
be, I hold this burden-
wholly deplorable.We
affectations because they help
effectivethan
on
derson
Hen-
matter
all such
anythingto
as
man."
me,
to
his motive
useless
from
get away
much
himself told
merely to
of his pages
want
Sidney
as
so
credit
Shaw,
Holbrook
as
I don't want
startling.' Now
most
603
other echoes
to
of
that
"
method
of criticism,
antiquated academic
againstwhich Dr.
Henderson
is fighting,
but from which he has not yet sufficiently
ness,
Shaw has been charged with indebtedemancipatedhimself.
not
only to W. S. Gilbert,but to earlier topsy-turvyists,"
he says in one
place. Then the charge is gravelyand lengthily
"
"
"
refuted.
In
another
"
place he
says
Those
who
have
wholly irrelevant
quoted in
passage
from
Genealogy of
Morals
is
But
"
them
are
not
so
in part
at least?
"
the
THE
6o4
importantone
more
divulgesome
to
truth.
new
had
and
more
It
when
coming
are
to
been
he
wrote
that
used
befuddle
tendencyto
life,that changes,not
on
we
this
was
in mind
the outlook
philosophy,
the playwright."
More
FORUM
"
it is the
the craft of
the informingspirit,
that matters, and not
the
philosophy,
form in which it is clothed. The
are
days of petty quibbling
Dr.
doomed.
Henderson
himself
knowledge,he would
"
Shaw
submits
save
has
onlyacted
at
himself from
than
more
once
all times
claimed
pro-
ter
his bet-
on
Among
the evidence he
on
then practised
at
as
Cleopatrato table-rapping
Rome.
But during the reign of the Emperor Valens a huge
criminal process was
number
instituted against
of persons ena
gaged
in practices
allied to our modern
so
table-rapping
closely
that had
And
to be nearlyidentical with them.
as
practices
be deemed
then become
not
known
unepidemicin Rome may safely
duringthe life of JuliusCaesar.
Casar
and
that
as
ner
figureof Shaw in such manthe latter's genuinebigness
perceive
the
may be
himself,he is,as
has
quotingothers,
when quoting
of supererogation;
guilty
and enmuch to the point,
viably
a rule,very
Dr. Henderson
Shaw
so
and
man
fail to
cannot
we
said
of himself
from the lips
letters,
or
from
Shaw's
his friends,from
hundreds
of buried and
are
skill to
works
dote,
anec-
laybare
in
minds.
With
its main
value
from
its minute
Dr.
as
details the
Henderson
a
mixture of
care
painstaking
of
"
Shaw
of
portrait.
has
anecdotal
might have remained a mere
outlined
emerging into a full-featured and clearly
Shaviana
medley,instead
"
PROPOS
A
I have
alreadyreferred
and
intuitional correctness
itselfthroughoutthe book,
asserts
of its influence
605
Dr. Henderson's
to
judgment. This
of
SHAW
must,
to
the
rest
u
of
course,
of his time.
like
him
on
which
make
no
Archer, and
Brunetiere
The
and
detailed
not
mere
to
"
Brandes
study of
on
peg
to
to
like Taine
men
for instance.
criticism,
Socialistic agitation
and
Shaw's
and
the
stant
con-
usual
passionare, of course, an unand most
laudable feature in a work supposedto be mainly
in its bearings. And
I admit also that frequentmention
literary
is made
of men
and movements
supposed to embody the
directional tendencies of our own
and the immediately
preceding
linked
periods. Thus we are told that Shaw is inextricably
then given as
with five epoch-makingmovements," which are
ethics and sofollows: "The
in politics,
Collectivist movement
ciology;
"
the
Ibsen-Nietzschean
againstthe
of Marx
materialism
in music; and
movement
in morals; the
movement
the
and
action
re-
anti-romantic
in
movement
movements
their
to
mere
exist in the
enumeration
Even
however.
satisfyme,
not
if I grant
suggestedby
manner
solves
no
Dr.
derson,
Hen-
world-riddles.
nothingless than
are
studyinga man
What
movements
do
those
who
ranks
with the
MEAN,
true
I, for
And
we
have
to
ask.
THE
606
What
there be in
can
None
we
can
but
to
what
for
and
reduce
than
mistake
real
cance,
signifi-
pray
Henderson's
for.
work
In
to
seems
and
he
word
one
has made
and defining
the
questioning
not
"
the
used
terms
the
was
he tried
times
at
that
of the
most
modern
to
in
did he show
nor
Henderson
Dr.
sorted
Open Sesame to which he rein his Interpretersof Life, and within
frequently
spirit.But
then
Shaw's
purpose.
Individualism
most
that
and
willingto admit,
of
only to
swers
an-
few
more
added
not
of such
only out
And
in so far as
easilysurveyable
principles.
endeavored
to perform this task,the difficulty
of which
he has
am
congruous
seeminglyinderson,
by Dr. Hen-
so
for
Dr.
key
yet it is
speaks to
I
the
work
shortcoming of
to
get the
currents
questionsis answered
that
stand
between
common
of these
I read
as
FORUM
manner,
convincing
about
men
he
whom
was
stood
"
not
of
men
the
individualism,but for
century onward
new
to
better
ways
and
better
days.
"
The
latest volume
"
seems
champion of
of the sheer
to
"
be
all forms
"
realism."
of
art
which
Henderson
Dr.
employed by
in his
at
as
realisticexposure
idealisticfalsificationand
mantic
ro-
road
to
page
504
then
realism
must
word
master
"
Is
And
alwayswhite
what
and
Shaw
idealism
alwaysblack?"
could have
had
in mind
when
he
PROPOS
of
people
We
should
back
Idealism,
Zola.
after
of
"
yet become
his
a
of
man
and
And
genius
in this
glance
exclusive
it will
who
back
be
soon
that
seen
like
Shakespeare,
the
ever-present
his
endeavor
lying
to
the
to
behind
this
of
concise
and
his
In
in
Shaw;
expression
book
principles
to
so
that
failure.
same
the
and
realism
as
of
life.
nized
recog-
ally
mutu-
are
main
to
he
give
has
all
has
us
an
failed
who,
reconciled
and
these
great
And
the
his
think
those
in
century
importance
ognized
intuitivelyrec-
effective
to
those
I think.
of
if
not
were
sundered
basis
and
And
past,
With
ranked,
that
is
not
existence,
same
Henderson
Dr.
tends
far
its aim
always setting
was
recognized
be
to
that,
art
Shaw
idealists, but
or
was
person."
the
and
art
have
as
he
poets
Ibsen,
sought
far
so
that
unforgettable
but
and
of
be
so
incompatible principles.
greatest
the
must
us
that
of
realists
will
merge
day.
new
the
dualism
"
idealism
buried
as
but
"
necessarily, has
sense
art
always tending
words,
commonplace
phases
Goethe,
said
two
the
one-sidedly
strove
he
as
over
in this
wTas
of
ism
ideal-
true
bringing
realist
certainly a
life, which,
better
two
put
against what
at
it is
it
to
variety
manner,
as
aims
nature,
very
is
against
over
is not,
be, but
it, realism
see
when
complementary
we
not
real."
it is not,
as
should
other
idealism
mutually
that
Shaw
and
Understood
not
and
is
by its
new
own
what
As
the
all, it is art,
making
false
sense,
on
always
the
which,
this
In
him
taught
distinguish between
what
set
be.
not
diverge.
the
to
life, from
to
all
607
"
work?
represents
strives
had
Angelo
his
first of
that
which
is but
Michael
genius into
must
idealism
to
"
that
remarked
SHAW
give
remains
hension
compre-
clear
and
unfinished
THE
GARDEN
OF
BEING
RESURRECTION
THE
OF
AN
E.
LOVE
STORY
UGLY
Temple
MAN
Thurston
BOOK
II
CHAPTER
and
SUMMER
It is
have
both
autumn
Park, whose
of
canopy
I cannot
foliageis
the roof
have
both
come,
since I saw
nearly two months
the plane tree beneath
which I
from
theatres.
gone.
often
so
in the
of my
one
little
twisted.
It
remember
was
which
have
first treacherous
and
me
at
Both
hibernated
day
blew.
that
and
summer
passed by
was
it
has
lay there
had
autumn
at
to
the dust
I remember
then
more
it was
inevitably
into which
"
once
that
I got
up
from
few
I looked
from
my
his
which
destined
seat
fet
buf-
above
to
fall.
later there
minutes
it beneath
to
the
est
of the faint-
been
A
forth
the mercy
in the mud
It had
gone.
place until
brought them
much
so
tired butterflies
of those
one
sheltered
some
crushed
who, unthinkingly,
one
come
in
branches.
It
As
the blackened
flightof
of sunshine
destroythem.
wind
ever
to
foot,and
originally
return.
and
walked
"
if,into each
room,
I had
announcing that
walked
608
I had
justseen
610
THE
"
what
Now
window.
my
His look
"
"
"
do you mean?
said I. "I've got boxes outside
There's as much
lightthere as you'llget anywhere."
not
was
I understood
at
Well, of
should have
boxes
if it were.
as
"
me
"
like
FORUM
no
but had
once;
Close
theywant.
he
said
frames, I think I
sooner.
any,"said I.
I've justgot a
I haven't got
course,
them
placeto put
in.
"
If I had
few window-
that's all."
"
then. If he had
contemptuously
had the seeds of sweet
peas to sell he might have been more
other plantssave
but dealingin no
bulbs,he lost
considerate,
to rights.
me
nothingby setting
he
'Ave yer ever
tried growin'sweet
peas in London?"
asked," growin''em in winder-boxes?
I think he did look
at
me
"
"
"
plantthem?
He
took
pityfor
"
my
try,"he
"
"
You
when
ask you
to
blossom
a
your
of you.
But
It's extravagant
of it. You
may
to
see
you;
my
on
"
get 'em
an' I'll
me
curiosity."
shouldn't throw
bring it down
smile of
no
and
come
"
Well, you
foot
money
I
hope
blossom
but I wouldn't
of
tage
I shouldn't take advansweet
pea.
depriveyou
In
fact,I'll
of your
pence
six-
doubt it was
cross.
that which
was
He
liked
and in a
allusions to his sixpence,
less for my chaffing
with me, he looked me up and down,
effort to get even
me
no
desperate
assessing
OF
GARDEN
THE
RESURRECTION
6n
the
"
"
"
"
"
"
there's
remember
But you must
I'm not for sale. You are."
moment.
us.
I asked
Then, when
market
where
answer
me.
I could
I suppose in a way
which is the victor's
him
if there
buy bulbs,he
was
was
littledifference between
another
these
the
too
in
perquisite
placein
to
matters.
it left a
For however
feelingof dissatisfaction in my mind.
much to the pointmy retort may have been, he knew more
about
flowers and gardensthan I did, and since I have been to Ballysheen I have come
to judge of peopleby their knowledge and
love of the treasures
that the earth bringsforth. For all my
than myself.
smartness, I counted him a cleverer man
But it was
not that onlywhich made
me
heavy of heart as I
strange
walked
I had
not
away
been
find another
to
givenby
purse.
I could
in my window-boxes.
For that matter,
anythingbut a few bulbs, which for one year at
sweet
grow
peas
could I grow
least will blossom
And
my
the information
seedsman; it was
upon
themselves?
I had
visions of eschscholtzias,
corn-flowers,asters, gypthe Lord
that I had heard
knows
what
all names
sophila
"
"
Cruikshank
such
make
ever
frequentand easy
to be rolling
on
of
use
"
names
her tongue.
which
All these,
sterileand
city,
garden?
did he
beginwith
fruitlesslike this,can't be
an
garden? Surely
advancement
on
"
It occurred
point of view;
logicfor
why
which
to
a
me
then that I
point of
so
often
THE
6i2
be cities,
justas
there
FORUM
be
But I know
The
workshop is your
all throw
telegraphs,
back
into the
back
cityof
you
try
to
There
escape.
is
no
are
how
start
men
many
blossom
not
their
garden of
whose
"
the
vision that
I wonder
remembrance?
feet
tired
are
as
and
men
theyhasten
forget?
II
CHAPTER
It
as
was
club;of the
my
growing.
has
He
strange natural
building.Our
worthy of record.
for him
to
discussions
I remark
letters;in
get my
with him
to converse
me
of the
are
in
come
of them
none
the weather
upon
return
as
or
very
go
out
weighty
while I wait
of his troubles
he tells me
ness
speakwell for the mightiof his chest,but, as the hall-porter
assures
me, say nothing
of his intelligence.
recommendation
the knowledge of this amiable hobby of rose-growing
How
with the
in
cast
women
or
have
you
great
toward
citywhere
how
to
once
oblivion.
I wonder
one
their
out
you
the
to
fate then
steal away
of
When
mean.
whenever
vortex
You
escape.
what
the waters
bread upon
your
must
came
to
He
understand.
have
has
would
have
been
remarks.
by
observation
an
an
is
the members
mentioned
never
roses
of him
be known
medals
whose
messenger
new
excellent
it
to
"
as
more
me,
replyto
bad
some
than I
and
can
I should
teorological
me-
has, however,
He
took his
RESURRECTION
trust, walked
What
sort
which
from
of
springdo
This threw
you
think we're
tinywindow of
justsee two square
he could
He
did
B.
not
back
me
look
even
at once
goingto
have?
"
his
of the
"
Do
He
resources.
own
inquired.
He peeredout
"
"
so
way,
letters.
marked
in the littlepigeon-hole
upon
613
expressedhimself in that
never
on
reputation
asked for my
"
OF
GARDEN
THE
house,
hall-porter's
feet of sky.
sir,"said he.
you
took
the
"
convert
machine
into
in his eyes
the confusion of the crowd?
justthat lightof
then from
"
from
man
Nature
human
being with
pluckshim
as
there and
interested
me.
"
since he did
thingsupon
not
put them
on
again
"
and
no
pose,
pur-
pushed aside
some
were
"
"
and
"
But itwas
want.
of
ground
some
too
morning. So
a
"
You
didn't
it was
"
Well,
a
far away
I got
give up
to
give me
plantshe
didn't
early
London."
nearer
your
cause
garden," I exclaimed," justbe"
felt lonelydown
she has
and he used
taste
there with
me
up
here all
"
She
shops,so
we
moved
6H
up
THE
Fulham.
to
garden, not
to
"How
"
handier,but,of
I've tried,but
interest in them;
his desk and
in time
so
imaginethat
take
we
He
took
seedsman's
won't
roses
Fulham."
to
window-boxes.
brought out
even
went
hall,sir. But
theydon't
me
speak of,now."
the
there.
from
I haven't got
course,
much?"
About
grow
It's much
FORUM
mense
im-
an
catalogue
made
as
thoroughlyinto the subject
were
dealingwith acres instead of
inches.
So
boughtall my
planted. With
they were
from
I have
now
bulbs.
table
It
fork
was
which
great
day when
Moxon
obtained
the
kitchen we
prepared our beds, and all
housekeeper's
the while stood Dandy with his fore-pawson
the window-sill
watching the operationwith breathless interest.
As
I put them
in,coveringthe mould
their littlebrown
over
at Moxon,
bodies, I looked up occasionally
wide open.
Marvellous
thing,isn'tit,Moxon?
who
stood
by
with
his mouth
"
these
littlebulbs
said I, "
"
to
think that
are
to
"
"
"
That
is characteristic of
remark
Moxon,
has sentiment
who
to
his
"
"
"
"
of
saw
beingtraitor
in
maternity
under
order
don't
You
babies?
he would
to
be
"
mean
said,as
the mould
splendidevent
to
I laid
over
for
is on
man
press
any
manner
"
You
you?"
the verge
the matter
like your
wife
functions
of
sense
pathetic
delay.
of the littlebrown
its head.
her, would
own
you'd
say
one
only to
maintain his
when
I
"
I had
himself.
to
as
to
nity.
dighave
snowdrop bulbs
of Cruikshank, tucked
wouldn't
talk of it
as
I could
wonderful
stillmore
"
"
Indeed, sir,I
if you
you
were,
would
pram,
"
I turned
"
you?
my
"
Oh,
no,
But
you
him.
Therefore,
have
to
wheel
to
"
And
baby out
in
"
face from
reverently.
I plantedanother
most
him
as
all if he had
at
"
how
be
to
seen
my
bulb.
It
smile.
seen
button-hole?"
sir."
'
exclaim
the
God
your
'
forbid
baby out
himself
when
in
perambulator."
than Moxon
more
was
could bear.
and
to
It is
than
more
I.
him
of that."
aware
see," said I,
you
in your
me
you
wouldn't be ashamed
"
be if she gave
undoubtedlybeyond
wouldn't
have done
not
Now
You
He
not
was
be if he had
married,sir,"he said,presently.
not
was
God
would
615
itwould
it would
said
speakinghypothetically,"
was
was
Hypothetically
I was
supposingthat
"
RESURRECTION
thinkinghow wonderful
him
see
wife; how
OF
GARDEN
THE
they were
planted,and
its way
a fresh littlegreen
nose
thrusting
firstthe joy of these discoveries was
spoilt
week
since
now
measure
"
"
That
must
have
been
and,
was
garden.
at
the
The
earlymorning temper, or I
ridiculousness of calling
few window-boxes
a
fact of the matter
is,I was
jealous
very
came
own
to
manger.
The
next
morn-
THE
616
ing,therefore,when
whether
there
FORUM
Moxon
had
been
frost.
"
sir,"said
Just slightly,
"
Have
they suffered
"
Have
"
The
crocuses."
"
Not
that I know
Of
what
that
the
all? "
hurried
There
was
q.uickly.
"
Moxon's
not
It
Moxon,
bending over
gentlefinger,
rakingaway
and, with
to see
more
be
to
done,
so
ing-gown
dress-
justas
was
serves
de-
one
arrival,I slippedon
softlydownstairs.
boxes
I asked
annoying.
so
are
and
he.
sir?
suffered,
morning before
next
at
I deserved
course
came
pected.
ex-
of the window-
one
the mould
in
places
crocuses
green.
"
I said
back, Moxon,"
sound
fallen
out
"
doing?
"
it a littletidy,
sir. That
Justmaking
fashion
"
What
have
are
you
that.
at
again.
I knew
he would
was
never
all."
transgress in such
that it is
believe,moreover,
always best
to
leave
of
would
man
expected
un-
I added.
I let it go
It
the
severely.At
shred of
altogether.
Thus
that I
and my hyacinths
snowdrops,my crocuses
battle with depression
through those last
with my
it was,
fought my
months
spring. Twice
every
and with
Dandy
was
closed
nine.
It
at
also,I
week
out
was
to
see
rose
Covent
Moxon
who
betimes in the
Garden
first informed
"
when
"
How
one
that
me
when
cheaper that way.
Accordingly,
with them.
truth of it,I filledmy rooms
proved the
lightof
morning
I
I had
I go there sometimes
"
myself,sir,"he replied; my
mother's
618
THE
them
as
FORUM
and
they,too,
cool and
are
CHAPTER
bear
can
For months
it is impossible
to do
Is she
that
Have
happy?
lapse of
she is
But
she
happy
not
be
about
uncertainty
tether and
I may
him
I have
happy
with him.
or,
Had
name
about
me
but
me
that
child
to
Once
to
to
seems
of
of Heaven
I been
viction
con-
lengthof
my
it and have
snap
should
man
eats
can
through
on
it
Now
It is
I do
not
day
swerable,
unan-
justify
it might have
Clarissa,
I was
interference,
only
my
all
takes
twenty times
well.
earn
to
spurringher destinyto
was
live.
mine?
justify
service
of any
But
mind
it too
answer
the
run
mood,
altogether.
but it
rather,I
different.
gone
I think it is this
means
an
Sometimes
do
seemed
questionsto myself,
in the
all.
young
how
my
at
man?
Perhaps
restaurant
mentary
was
only a moMaybe I have done him an injury
myselfputtingthe questionto
how
of Clarissa.
in the
and, above
have word
must
after all.
be wrong,
before he
his meal
the
more.
misjudgedthat
saw
find
to
"
it
at
come
futile speculations
of my mind.
but
keep them under subjection,
again unanswered.
could
done
any
conduct.
matter
no
they return
"
evening when
and
so
they have
like
III
longerthese
no
damp
CertainlyBell-
its end.
my
Had
account.
not
But I hear
in letters
nothing that
be of much
but
wonderfullymisspelt,
how
graphicto
me,
sweet
that she
peas
can
the
roses
are
pickedevery
account.
in words
She tells me
that
are
indeed
THE
Fennells
Miss
RESURRECTION
Clarissa,she givesme
Yet of
mer.
OF
GARDEN
how
say
they
them
619
no
and how
she is in her
happy
life.
new
I misdoubt
do not
So at last I have
ring true.
take
to
am
definite news
shall go
of the Miss
Fennells whose
If from
me.
was
I left
before
afternoon
mind
up my
They
heart.
of action.
definite course
made
of my
her I
elicitnothing,
then
can
it will
"
be, as Peter
"
Pan
so
"
"
What'll
He
I think I know
"
There's
what
a
That's where
you.
that that
not
the
you," I
tinued.
con-
was
he frowned.
rightanswer
"
I asked.
weren't you?
ladies,
shall have
we
do with
to
to
get
with
"
throw
can
to
comes
one
rose
then from
Dandy that we
leapingabout me
hears
my
we
are
were
my
conclusion
a
as
spurioustone
of cheerfulness,
of defeat.
chair with
in his
dancingway,
called
laugh and
as
But
out
of him.
to
instead of
he does whenever
out
me,
close
he
at
I determined
THE
620
should
care
It
FORUM
send him
for his
perhapsfor
"
shabbylittlestreet in
with onlythe number
either side,
on
was
me
possessed
after
that
the matter
After
as
moment's
never
much
to
of
news
take
rows
of houses
on
of
apprehensionand
door.
approached the
will
she
no
She would
What
absence
an
prayed God
leaves
What
as
two
"
strange mixture
get
his master's,too.
Chelsea-:
them.
between
I could
Bellwattle.
to
over
sake
own
happen, if
him
see
chance
as
again?
ment
excite-
if I should
does
who
man
has
I expect he
I did.
thoughtswere
ing
pass-
mering
throughmy mind, I rang the bell and waited, my heart hamtill I heard the sound of footsteps
wildlyin all my pulses,
the other side of the door.
on
Directlyit reached me I
felt quietand ready for whatever
should come
to pass.
the door was
When
opened,there confronted me an elderly
blouse of some
She was
woman.
stout, wearing a close-fitting
black material closely
covered with white spots which long had
lost their whiteness. There was
the unmistakable lodging-house
look about her which is quitedifferent in London
to
any other
in. Quite
she had taken me
placein England. In a moment
satisfaction. My coat and
wrongly,perhaps,but to her own
I had
priced before
time
had
to
open
mouth.
my
sense
that
I
of
expressionof doubt
were
knew
"
Mrs.
She shook
"
How
"
She
There
whether
her, I
live here?
"
inquired.
with her
me
head, stillappraising
she left?
eyes.
"
lived here."
seemed
with my
see.
quitesure
DirectlyI saw
not
hopeless.
was
long is it since
never
were
expectedto
Fennell
her
if she
as
instant
one
to
be
questions.
I persisted
THE
GARDEN
OF
RESURRECTION
"
But Mr.
"
Yes"
he did."
"
How
"
May
I arsk
"
I have
Her
the
in
expression
no
Does
he
owe
sudden
"
"
No."
"
He
does me."
"
I'm
sorry
to
she
inquired.
explain
can
other way.
you
"
"
said I.
eyes took
"
"
621
hear
money?
"
she asked.
it,"said I.
"
"
11
"
in
Well
"
I've got
boy
of mine what's
no
notice of it."
"Where
I asked, without
did you send it to?"
that I felt so strongly
in me.
eagerness
"
To
"
club where
What's
"
the
any
of the
he stays sometimes."
of it? "
name
"
"
who
men
to
manage
subsist in
an
debts,maintaining
and
manner
will continue
smart
Their
without
working for
main
of
way
play;there
objectin
it. Wherefore
their
of
superficiality
obtain money,
to
they have
some
upon
dressingthemselves, which
as
long as the world goes
life is
theyknow
they know some
way
of affluence by
deceive tradesmen
to
round.
appearance
certain
marvellous
some
young
young
man
man
and that
thousand
who
little
ten
has writ-
with money
who
622
THE
is fool
enough
derive
to
which
put it on,
to
and between
benefit
pecuniary
some
enables them
to make
or
the
they manage
of other people's
brains
backinghorses and playing
out
their way,
month
next
Fennell
Young
FORUM
two
so.
Is Mr.
"
No, sir."
"
Has
have been
must
he asked.
"
he been in
lately? I inquired.
The hall-porter
shook his head.
Has he been in lately? I repeated.
"
"
"I
be
said
didn't I ?"
no,
"
You
"
If you
porter
"
did he
When
him
thoughtyou might
"
do, sir
he
began.
be hall-
job to
easy
in last?
come
"
repeated my
that it was
looked
hours
keep the
to
that club.
at
He
had
"
said I.
'
"
at
me
I had
as
heard
and
There
now
was
left my
ing
despairweighheavilyon me I got back into the taxi,givingthe address in
Phillimore Gardens, where Mrs. Farringdonlived.
time in the morning,I know, to be paying calls.
It was
no
last hope of
But what
mission
I could
me.
no
With
of
bitter feeling
considers that?
case
to
have
more
flown
to
Phillimore
that I must
know
seat
we
beside
hours
than
visit,
my
It had
fever of suing
purfurnace burning in
The
come
to
be
that would
I could have
in my
mind
of delay
contemplation
drove out to Kensington,
Dandy jumped
side,
to
and, pushing up closely
me
my
then and
As
impossible.
the
Gardens.
was
to
given the odor of etiquette
have
upon
in such
man
my
was
findingher.
at
once.
All
THE
GARDEN
pressedhis nose
at
up
me
"
are
we
tearingabout in motors?
"
oh
"
We're
"
But
do
Why
are
we
"
"
who
"
want
we
find her
to
"
if
much," he insisted,
so
"
it doesn't matter?
At
"
he asked.
theylooked
as
eyes
anythingthe matter?
find somebody,"said I.
Somebody
tryingto
why
"
brown
623
Is
what's it matter?
"
RESURRECTION
His
against
my arm.
full of questions.
were
What
OF
aware
of battles
long past, of
the heather
bounding over
it was
of the chase
moments
when
on
he
Or
was
maybe
only the
its slave.
And
months, I
was
truth from
to
so,
to
came
review
the
of the past
events
made
nothingof
known
in
begin by falling
spoken the
love with
it
gown
to
me.
The
to
her.
And
I felt in the
her
that I had
deepestheart
her, even
seen
of
me
that I
onlythose
was
the
drawn
two
man
to
me
times,
make
happy.
This is the
looked
at
true
should
disfigured
was
as
the very
For when
tillnow.
of
affection of
for
myselfin
amazed
one
moment
the mirror
that such
that I who
imaginesuch
which
the taxi
thought could
enter
am
thing. As
so
provided,I, too,
my
head.
But
it
624
THE
the truth.
was
it must
There
onlyI could
happy,I knew
surelyit made
God
gettingaway
no
If
was
was
FORUM
she would
I could
courage
from
it,and
muster
her
to
or
it.
bear
lipsthat
own
Married
content.
such
as
she
ried,
unmar-
but littledifference
to
She had
me.
prayed
her
I
as
see
By
see
me
was
never
never
her
be
answered, I would
again.
this time
The
should
had
we
taxi
reached
the number
in Phillimore Gardens.
to
stay there
"
the confidence in
woman's
eyes.
if you
For
are
woman,
upon
your
age
actual horizon.
it is the
has waited
so
know
You
long upon
it is
there, because
you
of maternity
spirit
disappointed
the road
are
tired
of
watching.
ringdon
With justthe look of confidence in placeof this Mrs. FarShe bowed
to me
of Miss Teresa.
a
was
repetition
half closingthe door with that
into the room,
she came
as
stiffly
which is natural to the less
of self-protection
unconscious sense
of her
prepossessing
"
Mr.
to my
way
"
I met
there also
I must
in her fingers.
card, which she held scrupulously
your sisters in Ireland," said I, without delay.
stayingwith
was
met
Bellairs?"
sex.
Mr.
Miss
and
Mrs.
Townshend
Fawdry, who
apologizefor callingon
you
was
at
at
'
Ballysheen.I
livingwith
your
sisters.
morning;
THE
626
"
Now
his
about
that
As
"
of him
where
tell you
"
were
"
I shook
and
he
of money.
time, we have
some
I'm sorry
I can't
if he knew,"
out
hand.
my
He
shook
it
to
From
"
asked.
at
the
corner
drive home.
Then
I got
inside,
beside him.
Well"
did you
find her?
"
him.
gone," said
answered
to
man
down
sat
head
my
She's
They've
for
case
peeringround
was
I told the
out.
Well?
"
he is in need
I left him
offer him.
Dandy's face
came
ing
noth-
the littleman.
instinct I held
there
to
sorry,"said
I'm
sudden
feel inclined
the
been
not
know
warmly, and
as
except when
lets me
He
why
if there
afraid I can't.
"
Farringdon,in consternation.
That's
With
he lives?
he lives."
But, my
said Mrs.
where
movements
has
apparently
heard
not
you tellme
can
I'm
FORUM
I.
"
shall
We
that prayer
of
never
She
hers.
her
see
again.
God."
"Well?"
"
said
That's
Dandy.
all,"said I.
The
firstsnowdrop blossomed
IV
CHAPTER
in my
this morning.
window-boxes
Its
out
of
I admired
to
it so
much
kingdoms.
I know
so
many
down
way
could
to
waitingabout
was
in the
unknown
lie abed
sooner
this.
not
the firstto
when
room
came
subterfugeof
what he was
quiteplainly
which
see
was
well I
age
cour-
some
pioneerinto
peoplewho would
such a morning as
"
need
must
betokens
kind
some
up
to
or
another.
and, in such
cases
I
as
these,I hate
attention
be
not
to
to
the
supposed to have
it. I wanted
to
been
observe
to
pass
I succumb
almost
to
it himself.
seen
have
RESURRECTION
627
notice of it would
way.
OF
GARDEN
THE
to
Now,
cruel,yet I
what
was
straits of
compelledhim
necessity
as
him
this I
so
as
have taken
no
sorelytempted to
he would
ingenuity
leave the
to
room.
temptationhalf
littleplayperformed
the devil of
meet
far
to
to
see
the
time,I
render
sur-
"
"
II
sure
sentence
in his mind
he had
"
One
was
628
THE
FORUM
"
"
clean."
"
When
"
tidyup,
you
"
Well
I had
"
"
mean?
you
said I.
"
yes, sir
"
when
"
tidyup."
"
This
all sounds
I admit.
ridiculous,
very
of
such incidents
real
some
of the
who
ling
wrang-
objectfor
it,it is justof
present
think of
to
come
falling
heavilyinto
event
an
fall upon
the
of
peacefulrippling
the
the broken
reflection
pointsof lightthe glorious
mud
turbed,
It may fall where there is sleeping
sun.
which, dissulliesall the clearness of the stream.
Then only Time,
catches in
water
you
men
as
It may
stream.
do not
snowdrop
Two
thousand
uglinessof it
the
not
away.
Men
of
and
women
snowdropsor
myself.
this is life
For
as
it
to
seems
me
"
field
drops
snow-
crowd
of
undignifiedlittlecreatures, pathetically,
humorously,in all lovwhich they do not possess;
a
ableness,
tryingto assume
dignity
to
of their creation,
proving the nobility
force of circumstance,they are, willy-nilly,
be themselves.
I littleimaginedas
Moxon
I amused
myselfby
standingby, staringdown
event
as
would
force
me
by
with
one
me
was
these
at
thoughts with
upon
its circumstance
the
to
eve
some
of such
definite
of Clarissa
of action. Yet that very nightI came
to know
tune
know of her in such a way as I had rather hear of any misfor-
course
"
beside.
Ever
since that
day
when
I had
heard
from
Mrs.
Farring-
RESURRECTION
returned unmarried
with my conscience
"
I shall never
"
OF
GARDEN
THE
She's found
to
whether
know
to
629
glad or
were
again,"said I.
happinessyou urged
not.
her
see
the
her to,"
repliedmy
conscience.
"
Did
So much
of
But did I
is the
This
it into
Drive
be of
as
"
that?
I asked.
my
it? "
mean
with
only way
of
corner
said I.
conscience,to silence
one's
when
perplexity,
truthfulness
even
it.
can
avail.
no
"
head
to
vigorously.
nodded
"
her
really
urge
Did
nothing.
it? "
mean
"
and
repeated,
In the back
mind," I continued,pressingmy
of my
"
my
there
was
not
hope
some
that I
might win her for myself? Why should I be glad then that she
had gone?
that I neither knew whether I
And the upshotof it all was
selfishness
was
glad or sorry. For this is the selfishness of that great unwill give the whole world, our
life
of love, that we
if necessary, to the woman
whom
we
worship,but the giving
"
be
must
ours.
Yet
that
not, for I
It
as
nightI
saw
all
was
knew
well
lie!
before
saw
glad or
were
Clarissa herself.
She had
piecedtogetherthe story
what
enough whether
me
then,I
returned
never
from
I had
what
sick
grew
at
Dominica; and
to
been told,from
heart with
nameless
apprehension.
Young Fennell
a
member
whom
no
LyricClub
of my
For
watch
doubt of the
before,when
year
was
been
"
was
also another
and the
told that
sown
in my
same
man
woman
nightalmost
mind
"
to
a
the seed
adventure.
some
long minutes
was
too
them
amazed
anythingbut
champagne stood on
to
do
unperceived.Two bottles of
the table,and one
of the supper
were
by one the five courses
placedbefore them. They all ate and drank as though it were
the one essential meal of their day all of them except Clarissa,
"
THE
630
nibbled
who
her bread
at
FORUM
like
littlemouse,
onlysippingfrom
her
But in the
glasslest they should fillit up again too soon.
laughingand the talkingshe was no exceptionto the rest. To all
the popular tunes of the day they rapped with their forks in
applauseupon the table. It was justthat type of partiecarree
I had
seen
so
hollowness
so
often wondered
for the
at
of the
had I
enjoymentit suggested. They would
known
them
have been justsuch a company
not
of playersas
I am
accustomed to watch in this one particular
theatre of mine.
it was
But, being Clarissa,
no
playto me then. Every time she
laughed,I felt it buffet in my face. Every time when with the
others she tappedher fork upon the table,she might have been
the prongs of it into my flesh. That she could find laughdriving
ter
and women
with such men
! That she could applaud that
loathsome music, which onlysensualizes the minds of those that
"
"
no
stillhad
of
out
more
There
him
to
questions
some
sightagain. With
my
when
it to the end.
that
seat.
all goingout
theywere
intention,
therefore,I
myselfthat
it should
likely,
In the firstfew
in any way
I had
moments
not
much
It
of
He
was
though he had
there again.
with
me
see
justa
us,
as
the look
moment,
seen
alwaysreturns
was
to
his
there
before,he
seen
thinking,doubtless,to
then, leaningacross
me;
hide
the
from
met
mine.
{To
be
continued)
it.
me
table,he
that
With
whispered something into Clarissa's ear.
of the frightenedbird,she looked across
startled expression
room
main
re-
no
and
recognition
waited
man
littleexpectedto
speak
meet
between
sat
Clarissa.
disgrace
old haunts.
I would
"
moreover,
was,
in my
quietly
to
same
the
EDITORIAL
NOTES
slowly,women
VERY
is
and
innocence.
not
stolid bulwark
regard
to
fathers
and
of
rance
learningthat ignoMrs.
Grundy, that
are
Even
Eleventh
the
Commandment,
mothers
who
Yet
the
beautiful
facts of life.
of
simplicities
should
no
generationswith
fundamental
men
there
still
are
embarrassingto
preferringthat
nature,
distorted
be
degraded
by some
and evilly
to the wondering
mind, and conveyed surreptitiously
boy or girl. Perhaps those who do not yet comprehend the
pricethat has to be paid for prudery,will learn something of
from the followingbrief quotation:
wisdom
reach maturityevery year in this land
800,000 young men
of
whom
of
ours,
with
less than
not
form of
some
50
per
cent,
disease
venereal
will be
or
are
fected
in-
tieth
their thir-
prior to
year.
This
is
not
mongering: it
recorded
is the deliberate
in the
July 7, 1906.
the nation
assertion,
an
wild,vague
the American
One
have
would
have
of
utterance
Journal of
would
attempt
sensation-
medical
Medical
Association,
of such
statement
expert,
the attention of
thought that
riveted upon
been
at
terrible
and
and
And
homes
children
made
are
are
shall dare
plain truth.
Not
to
only in
are
yet been
not
henceforth
our
slums
The
decision
definite and
of
women
of
Canada
cavil
cities
are
manifest
so
the
fatuityand
be
that
no
brought.
with
regard
Taft
edness
wick-
plainspeakingof the
there squalid,
disease-
seeingthe
the
made
at
tortured, and
are
loathsomelytainted,because
of silence have
one
desolate, and
to
has had
of the
was
reciprocity
the disappointment
two
great
meas-
THE
632
ures
which
he
had
FORUM
stronglychampioned.
on
fanned
Some
ill-advised utterances
the
fervor
patriotic
tricks of politics
of the
sooner
or
commercial
for political
union might
an
interests,
agreement
have been negotiated.This feeling
have been general;
not
may
reflected in the clubs;it was
but it was
trously,
givenprominence,disas-
and
Hearst's
name
was
wards
after-
resented.
But there is no need to apologize
for
forcibly
if it representedmerelya natural aspiration;
such a feeling,
any
than there is the slightest
more
rightor rational tendencyto
criticiseCanada
for emphasizingher loyaltyto the imperial
could scarcely
tradition. Further,one
expect either the native
Canadians
or
the prospect
of
British elements
and
to
come
wel-
exchanging a reasonablyefficientsystem
settled,
though the questionof Canadian
has been
the
a
very
serious
problem
the
threaten
trusts
and
of
will present
country
and
people of the
Dominion.
3J*
3j*
3fS
the
there has
no
doubt been
irritating,
sort,
distinct
continuous
the action of
This
qualification.
provocationof
Italycannot
is
not
matter
be
minor, but
endorsed
without
of civilization re-
634
THE
FORUM
seized what
she considered
is convinced
of the
thingis a part
favorable
of
rightfulness
of the
probablyshe
moment;
her
action.
"
of
generalmovement
grab."
not
by retribution,
though
this feeling
will influence publicopinion. It is a case essentially
of a vigorousPower
appropriating
somethingwhich she covets,
incited by the example of her allies,
case
It is a
and
common
time
to
knowledge,
future,with hope;
encouragement,
or
the
to
to
problems of
But it is
sense.
time
consider the
to
be,
some
of
measure
humility.This
is an
of
era
But
importanceand paralyzingeffects of international wars.
and
the causes
no
can
one
or
comprehend clearly,
judge rightly,
of such conflicts,
methods
unless the conditions which formerly
of progress, in public
understood and the measure
are
prevailed
opinionand the publicwelfare,justlyappreciated. There is
in industrial affairs: the underpaid
grave need for reform now
and
the overworked
have
is supposed to
piness.
pursuitof hapthan half
But much has been gained since that day,more
century ago, when Lord John Russell,speakingin the English
be their inalienable
not
of Commons,
House
"
proportionof
greater
work,
said:
with
look
cannot
to
sleep,to
of the State
to
the
and
eat
able
be
to
that the
statement
die.
to
In my
should
cultivate domestic
affections;and
look up
the
to
that you
of the doctrines of
the firstplaceaware
likelyto
indifference
endeavor
the
and
rightto life,
liberty
the laws
and
habits and
mestic
dobe
of the country
Government
as
the hours
hitherto been.
of young
I cannot
persons
see
so
are
how
prolonged
child
of
14
as
they have
years
of
age}
EDITORIAL
actually
employedfor
hours
two
do
hours in
12
coming
more,
anythingbut
NOTES
home
635
tired and
rest, in order
exhausted
and
unable
be
to
"
hours"
This
the billwhich
was
to
contrary
John Brightopposed as
"
most
and
injurious
destructive
Mr.
to
"
"
"
the
An
interesting
working classes!
commentary
the report of an investigation
was
provingthat the average age
of factoryworkers and their infants was
less than one-half of
that of the other operatives
districts. In one
in the same
trict,
disfound
the mean
was
population
age at death of the factory
almost incredible,
low as eightyears
to be as
an
yet fully
upon
"
verified,
figure.
There
seems
be
to
with regard
typists
No
one
who
from
to
some
the
ignoranceor suspicion
among
many
word round.
perfectly
satisfactory
is accustomed
to
read
large numbers
of
scripts
manu-
on
suspicion
its long and honorable independence
is unjustified,
that it is a
weakling,a mere
dependency,masquerading as a sovereign
It is introduced with a deprecatory
apostrophe Wound
power.
of insufficiency.
outward and visible signof subjection,
as
an
of course,
is far from universal: it
The use of this apostrophe,
is confined almost entirely
to typewritten
documents; and there
still many
who refuse to jointhe conare
spiracy.
typists
unprejudiced
in some
But the habit is not localized: it prevails
gree
de-
attempts
to
cast
"
"
Canada
be
has sometimes
and
in this connection
even
It would
conceded reciprocity.
gracefully
to discover
interesting
the
cause
of the
mistake,which is too
636
THE
to
wide-spread
be
FORUM
accident of
mere
instance of
Another
the
Turkish
popular error
troubles
"
made
conspicuousby
is the
misplacingof the y in
and painfully
exhibited in so
Mytilene,which has been publicly
of our newspapers
if
as
Mitylene. This can be forgiven,
many
recent
"
ample
unpardonable and ridiculous exof slovenliness to which, in all seriousness,
attention must
be drawn
of the slang word
the use
cop, not only in casual
This hideous
but by the press and in the courts.
conversation,
not
"
word
is
being acceptedafter
But cop, familiar
place,as
as
slang. It
mere
stantly
con-
the undesirable
to
are
class.
Let
it remain
in its
own
or
narrative.
*
The
the transmission
commission
on
to permit
refusing
certain classes of
ties;but
ship
censor-
fringemen
for publicmorals.
Any inresponsibility
of the law should be dealt with by the legalauthori-'
it is necessary to protest firmly
againsta system which
permitsa
The
sonable
rea-
Chicago
unreasonable
or
are
Bible
to
ban
assume
to
be
placedupon
would, of
course,
be
work.
responsible
unacceptableunder such condi-
serious and
EDITORIAL
637
NOTES
tions,logically
applied;Shakespeare's
playsand poems would
be placedon the fatal Index; and, in the realm of
inevitably
literature
an
is the servant,
possibleinterference
of the least
of the
the mentor,
not
prevail.
*
"
Brooks,
Sydney
Mr.
in the
current
*
"
in his article on
of The
number
The
Irish Question
Forum, emphasizesthe
but is
rather more
absolutely
prosperous
peoplehandlingan export and importtrade
000
"
The
year.
whole
than
of
over
four million
$600,000,economic
life
has been
Home
have
subsided,itlooks
though the
as
many
factors that
are
ing
mak-
no
land, the
call
to
about Home
longercares
a
Nationalist
average
halt
to
all
would
be
political
controversy."Mr.
quite
John
from
keener
to
not
the
stitutio
the university
question,
questionand the incomprehensivesystem of local self-government.
admit that the peoplehad been weaned
in any
idea of national self-government:
they only felt
secure
realization. The
country will
it and
more
patriated
bringsatisfaction to her millions of friends and exchildren. The
final accomplishmentof Home
Rule
and the continuance of the present Englishattitude of conciliation
and friendship
should lead to an era that will blot out unhappy
memories
of the
and redeem
the deplorabletragedies
be
must
ended, every justgrievance
past. Every quarrel
righted,
THE
638
welcomed
earnestly
by
FORUM
those
who
wish
give to civilization
of its true significance.
and more
Men
and women
more
consider themselves citizens of
of no little,
must
no
mean
city,"
jealousState;their sympathiesshould be wide enough to include
to
"
"
"
the greater
sense
with true
and
nationality
of
which is in
internationalism,
defeat
way
The
no
of
the
the
duties of
for New
charter
new
sistent
incon-
York
City,so
tory
Murphy, is satisfacfar as it goes.
The State and the Legislature
not
so
are
yet
dictator,holding
completelyin the hands of an irresponsible
his position
without any mandate
from the peopleand in direct
violation of the whole spirit
of American
tions.
instituand republican
stronglysupportedby
With
submit
proper
and Mr.
Mayor
leaders,the electorate
be
can
taught that
"
"
the
to
Now
sirable
is in full swing again,it is de-
season
tioned,
emphasize a fact which has been repeatedlymendoes not
and repeatedly
the value of a game
forgotten:
lie onlyin itsresult as measured by points.Football is primarily
of the attention
an
exercise,thoughtfully
designedto occupy some
of the energy of
and providea harmless outlet for some
such an aid
who are stillwise enough to appreciate
men
young
to right
living.But those who have watched professional
games
their best, and have seen
how
at
a
country clodhoppercan
learn to discard his ungainliness
and to acquire
of movement
a
skilland grace comparablein their kind with that of a Mordkin,
to
have
on
of the coaches.
the
their
own
more
physicaltrainingis
should
the field;theyshould
machine
human
far
and
not
be left
more
playersare
initiativeand
portance.
undisputedim-
of a
position
the orders
to
automatically
be reduced
respondingalmost
The
to
of
in games,
to
the
rapidjudgment,the
better
EDITORIAL
To
cerned.
desire
admirable; but
to
exercise,
from
be
deeds
neither
these
to
and
victory,
an
appreciate
639
shun
afternoon
well and
trulydone,
to
exhibition
an
sane
aware
tragedy nor
to
NOTES
and
"
are
Mr.
Arnold
Bennett,
of
the author
The
Old
Wives'
born in Burslem,
Tale,Clayhanger and Hilda Lessways,was
the
as
England one of a group of towns known collectively
administrative centre.
united to form one
and recently
Potteries,
"
The
manufacture
of earthenware
connected
inseparably
In each of the
Wedgwood.
"
number
of
ancient
and
potbanks
"
"
or
china
and
with the
there is
towns
works," rangingfrom
structures
dilapidated
to
dustry,
staplein-
of the great
name
associated
is the
Josiah
a
large
somewhat
factories of the
modern
This
furnace-flames
is
the horizon
on
some
providedmaterial
and
environment
name
for
of
"
of Mr.
most
The
nett's
Ben-
Five Towns."
It is a districtsingularly
rich in
observant
and
with hard-headed
with
business
many
Here was
activity.
the
churches,especially
of the free
strongholds
the Wesleyan Methodists,the
Connexion
From
Primitive
one
years,
of the
Methodists
Methodists,the New
Methodists.
the
beginningof
identified himself
with
his
his
Mr.
Bennett
literary
career,
native place. The
practiceof the
and, for
fervor and
special
religious
great
"
men,
and became
after
and finally,
playwright,
There has been
celebrity.
to
London;
but he
soon
doned
aban-
editor,a novelist,
an
journalist,
in France, an international
residing
no
indecision in his
life;he did
THE
640
merely drift
not
of the
one
He
be
may
mental
into
FORUM
dicated
journalismand literature: and here is in-
Muldoon.
most
has
He
the
exemplified
will
do
to
and
"
to
A man
efficiently.
do
of many
friends,of wide sympathy and
full comprehension,he has systematized
his energiessanelyyet
to others,the
rigidly,
demanding from himself,and suggesting
observance of such principles
those outlined in his journalistic,
as
but scarcely
How
to Live on
negligible,
Twenty-fourHours a
in all thingsexcept the excesses
of work, but
Day. Moderate
he has passed, with absolute
purposefulwithout reservation,
confidence in himself and his destiny,
from appreciation
by a
comparativefew to the appreciationaccorded to a popular,but
not
ephemeral,author.
There
public;for
he has used
has written
income
tax
"
taken
has
publicdid
later
as
an
first
found
lead
with
the
achievements
once
wide
of
and
Hilda
and
for
him:
taken them
have
The
even
The
to
pay
seriously
he himself
which
long time
of form, the
sense
Man
Old
deserved
opinionamong
Lessways, his
of
the
from
that would
enablinghim
of
the
general
About
Truth
an
Academy
in his firstnovel, A
to
puzzle to the
in the London
appeared serially
anonymous
acknowledged. But
same
agree
seem
no
though
seriously,
not
Author, which
and
that may
included in the
are
"
in his work
is much
Wives1
North,
Five
Towns,
Tale, which
There
appreciation.
criticsas
most
bound
were
recognized;and
be
the
of expression,
clarity
to
recent
Mr.
to
nett
Benand
Leonora
brought him
ference
dif-
is stillsome
the merits of
at
Clayhanger
can
be
littledoubt
as
to
the
THE
642
domain
several forms
Hibbert
Now
FORUM
"
of this
keenly aware
conflict
potential
and want
of harmony; he felt outside yet caught by it torn in
the three directions because he was
partlyof each world, but
There grew in him a constant, subtle effort
whollyin only one.
to
or
at least desire
to
unify them and decide positively
was
"
"
"
which he should
largelysubconscious
attempt, of
"
was
course,
richlyimaginative
Among
no
one
"
the
"
the dare-to-be-dull,
the
would-be-fast,
women
Hibbert, with
stood,"
under-
"
and
flappers."
pack of jollydancinggirls
his fortyodd years of thick experience
behind
who
over
met
over
all;
same
long
ago.
But
of them
to none
did he
belong. His
nature
was
too
ous
vari-
to
them
It
In his
The
account,
bert.
conflict for the soul of Hibbegan the singular
own
the tourists
And
"
thus
was
nor
the three
sense
Nature.
to
set
spectator, looker-on
"
In
The
the
to
were
conscious that
be left out of
assault upon him of the peasants may
for it is obvious that they stood no chance of success.
themselves.
in
set
upon
thing.
any-
not
throne
effort to
gallant
subdue him
But the
order,were
"
OF
GLAMOUR
THE
THE
SNOW
conventions possible.Hibbert
stupidest
in the post-office
to work.
to his room
11
It is
on
at
snow
after
midnight,
"
and
the silent
down
back
go
early
of the dances.
one
to
he crunched
thought,as
added, lookingback
church tower,
have
to
"
home
over
It would
have
better to
part
my
conflict at all,"he
any
he
mistake
used
643
my
the
have been
work; better,"
villagestreet
to
the
safer."
his mind before he was
The
had slippedfrom
adjective
of it. He turned with an involuntary
start and looked
aware
this thought
well what it meant
about him. He knew perfectly
that had poked itshead up from the subconscious self. He understood,
without being able to express it fully,
the meaning
that betrayeditself in the choice of the adjective.For if he
had ignoredthe existence of this conflict,
he could have remained
"
"
outside the
Whereas
arena.
Nature
world combined
study. He
had
soul dreaded
The
that
afraid
alwaysbeen
gatheredby
moment
feet
to
on
Gaunt
the
the
he knew
that the
in the
spells
than
even
love,revelry,
pleasure,
of
to
even
witchery,
laysmothered in
the moon,
and pitch-
the square
sky;then
enormous
and terrible
stone
leapof
that brushed
many
the
eye
cross
sand
thou-
the brilliant
rose
His
travelled with
mountains
village,
measuringthe
His pagan
while he worshipped.
world
pointedto
stars.
greater than
her terrificpower
black shadows
rested
issue. And
littlevillage
alreadyslept.The
The
snow.
have
must
was
"
now,
the slumbering
beckoned
him.
And
born of the
somethingborn of the snowy desolation,
midnightand the silent grandeur,born of the great listening
hollows of the night,
der,
something that lay 'twixt terror and wondropped from the vast wintryspaces down into his heart
and called him.
unrecorded in any word or thought
Very softly,
his brain could compass, it laid its spell
him.
A finger
as
upon
of snow
brushed the surface of his heart. The power
and quiet
"
THE
644
majestyof
FORUM
the winter's
nightappalledhim.
Fumbling a
with the big unwieldykey, he let himself in and went
moment
Two
to bed.
upstairs
thoughtswent with him
apparently
very
.
"
ordinaryand
"
What
Those
him
The
And
to
sleepthrough such
go
again. My
thus in
beauty of
others,routed and
the other:
I'llnever
The
morning."
seemed
are
claims of peasants
work
and
only
tourists
singleinstant weakened.
her
sent
"
suffers in the
upon
ones:
this!
nightas
"
sensible
the
the
Night and won
dismayed,fled far away.
Nature
had
first assault.
The
II
"
to
Don't go back
have supper in my
Hurry
had been
room
"
We're going
drearyold post-office.
somethinghot. Come and joinus.
an
gone.
The
between
and
cold
on
sputtered
bitter and
was
skates to
"
effect that he
shadows
was
And
Hibbert
it
was
moon
From
following"; but
came
the shed
no
had called
were
answer
Chinese
had
terns
lan-
long since
only momently
where the people
somethingto the
came;
the
ing
mov-
alreadymerged high
Doors
voices died away.
found himself alone on the deserted rink.
darkness.
againstthe village
slammed.
the
snow-boots, he shouted
of those who
The
high,drivingclouds.
changed from
up
your
"
up !
There
the
to
The
the impulsecame
then, quitesuddenly,
to
stay
and of
hotel room,
stuffy
those noisy people,with their obvious jokes and laughter,
to
oppressedhim. He felt a longingto be alone with the night,
her wonder
all by himself there beneath the stars, gliding
taste
the ice. It was
not
over
yet midnight,and he could skate for
That supper party would merely think he had
half an hour.
changed his mind and gone to bed, if they noticed his absence
and skate alone.
at
all.
The
thoughtof
the
THE
It was
OF
GLAMOUR
and
impulse,
yes,
an
him
it struck
that
not
THE
an
SNOW
unnatural
something
645
yet
one;
even
at
than
impulselay
less
than invitation,
concealed behind it. More
yet certainly
than command, there was
that he stayed
a
feeling
vague,
queer
because he had to stay,almost as though there was
somethinghe
had forgotten,
overlooked, left undone.
Imaginativetemperaments
often thus; and impulseis ever
weakness.
For with
are
such ill-considered opening of the doors to hasty action may
the time
an
come
invasion of other
forces
at
more
the
same
time
"
forces
merelywaitingtheir opportunity.
He caught the fugitive
warning even while he dismissed it as
the smooth
absurd, and the next minute he was
whirlingover
and loops beneath the clouded moon.
ice in delightful
curves
fear of collision. He could take his own
There was
no
speed
of the toweringmounand space as he willed. The shadows
tains
fellacross
the
rink,and
from
the forests
winked and
layten feet deep. The hotel lights
The village
went
out.
slept. The high wire nettingcould not
keep out the wonder of the winter nightthat grew about him like
He skated on and on, keen, exhilarating
a presence.
pleasurein
his tingling
blood, and weariness all forgotten.
And
he
then, midway in the delightof rushingmovement,
saw
a
figuremoving behind the wire netting,
watching him.
With a start that almost upset him
for the abruptness
of the
for
arrival was
unlooked
he paused and stared. Although
new
so
of a
the light
was
dim, he made out that it was the figure
her way alongthe netting,
and that she was
feeling
woman,
ing
tryto get in. Against the white backgroundof the snowfield he
efforts as she passedwith a gliding
watched her rather stealthy
She was
tall and slim and gracestep over the banked-upsnow.
ful;
where
the
snow
"
"
he could
he understood.
stolen down
that,even
see
It
another
was
unawares
in the dark.
from
And
adventurous
hotel
or
then, of
course,
chalet,and she
was
ing
search-
for the
one
with
opening. At once, making a signand pointing
the littleento
trance
hand, he turned swiftlyand skated over
on
But
an
exclamation
of
was
amazement
sound
on
the ice
he could
not
THE
646
suppress, he turned
width
to
of the rink.
Hibbert, as
FORUM
her
see
She had
swervingup
somehow
his side
to
found
another
rule, was
and in
punctilious,
If only for
so.
places,
perhaps,especially
easy
he did
not
seek
paved the
way.
the semi-darkness
advances unless
make
to
without
two
speech,often
his
tion,
protec-
own
duction
kind of intro-
skate
of
in.
way
these free-and-
some
to
the
across
togetherin
necessityalmost
of. Accordingly
when
presently
like astonishment
And
fast
at
she
as
the
time.
againsthis
breath
cold
"
skate with
she learned
and
ear
something
of
child,sinuous and
she murmured
to
caughtthe
it was
larly
singu-
he
"
later that
accustomed
light,
steady
him
remembered
been
and
supple,sure
"
made
flexibility
Her
her where
he asked
to
same
with
delicious
was
man
their
at
bare, and
were
the ice
ever
since
onlysaw
the
to
that she
was
properlysaw.
never
the eyes. He
gather her hotel or
over
ears
"
He
And
did
not
press
the touch
her; no
of her hand
could remember;
even
thrilled him
to
hide her
than
more
escapade.
anythinghe
ness
through his thick glovehe felt the soft-
over
the
It
mountains.
the
darker.
yes, of
missingher.
He
found
was
conscious of
almost
satisfaction,
peculiar
"
THE
OF
GLAMOUR
THE
SNOW
these
adventure
quitean
two
647
and
snow
"
night.
Midnight had long since sounded from the old church tower
before they parted. She gave the sign,and he skated quickly
to the shed,meaning to find a seat and help her take her skates
she had alreadygone.
her
He saw
off. Yet when he turned
the snow
rying
slim young
and hurfigureglidingaway across
"
in vain
"
"
....
"
"
"
voice of the
woman
he had
loved,and
throughhis
dreams
"
there
ran
no
clash of battle.
that
clinging
made him think of sifting
snow-flakes climbingsoftly
with entangling
touch and thickness round his feet. The snow,
coming
without noise,each flake so lightand tinynone
mark
the
can
of itable to smother villages,
spot whereon it settles,
yet the mass
wove
through the very texture of his mind, cold, bewildering,
network of a million feathery
deadeningeffort with its clinging
was
touches.
Ill
In the
thing.The
see
morning
Hibbert
realized he
had
the
done
valleymade
To
foolish
him
papers
648
a
THE
girlalone
at
midnight,no
unwise
about, was
come
these littlewinter
He
hoped
no
"
resorts
had
one
FORUM
how
the thinghad
innocently
unfair,especially
to her.
Gossip in
matter
was
than in
worse
them.
seen
had heard
none
likely
Decidingthat in future he would
dark.
Most
to
provincialtown.
Luckilythe nighthad
the ringof skates.
.
be
been
.
he plunged
careful,
more
from
matter
his mind.
when
evenings,and especially
he
skated
the littlerink,he
on
was
aware
among
them
did he catch
glimpseof
creature
searched
in vain.
Even
his
as
inquiries
to
is far
too
strong
word
to
describe
emotion
an
that
was
half
half wonderinganticipation.
delight,
Meanwhile
the
season
in full
was
"
in
"
at
perfecthealth, worked hard,
nightdanced regularly.This dancing was, however, an act of
that he hoped to find her
meant
subconscious surrender; it really
the whirlingcouples.He was
searchingfor her without
among
while,
quiteacknowledging it to himself,and the hotel world, mean-
thinkingit had
He
and
made
in
excuses
searched
and
"
won
him
over,
teased
and
chaffed him.
waited.
650
THE
fresh
white carpet.
It snowed
foot
a
chokingly,
in
came
out
came
down
FORUM
or
heavilytill noon,
then the
more;
upon
back
santly,
incesthickly,
sky cleared,the
to
the
frost
and
east
sun
biting
most
tooth.
The
drop
in the temperature
was
"
"
were
into
almost
bird's
of their
accord
own
"
sishing"
of
as
air.
IV
That
nightthere
there
because
had
snow
was
go in costume,
not
Hibbert
went
but he wanted
Ah, there
but
bal costume,
And
come.
was
men,
and
to
talk about
the
at
was
felt drawn
"
the
because
chiefly,
he
did
slopesand
the
to
the
new
go;
time
same
that
deeper necessity
called.
the
vital and
heaven
insistent. Some
knows
it at all!
"
how
about, would
look
hidden
from
emerge
the
snow
her
girlwould
soul
"
phrased
be
where
some-
would
hiding-place,
even
for him.
unwarranted
Absolutely
it was.
He
eyes
lie upon
very
the shoulders
bright.
"
without
I look younger
his
a
make
to
that
so
dinner-jacket
His
crease.
than I
brown
usuallydo,"
he
thought.
It was
his appearance
about
tried
to
look younger
tumultuous
had
unusual,even
never
in a
significant
and certainly
never
"
than he
that
exception
troubled him.
was.
left no
The
man
who
had
no
his
questioned
vanity
age
or
one
subsequentfires,
not
THE
GLAMOUR
"
for
called upon
"
work
OF
of the earth
desolate,wild places
The
and the
beautyof
SNOW
THE
and
Nature.
he loved, night
eveninghe felt
their claims upon
him, mightilystirring.A risingwildness
woke longingand passion
caughthis blood, quickenedhis pulse,
The snow
whirred softlythrough his
But chiefly
too.
snow.
For the snow
had
thoughtslike white, seductive dreams.
the
stars
And
to
went
what
were
651
snow.
come
his
this
now;
into
with it
come
"
thoughts.
yet he stood before that twisted mirror
And
tie and
askew
coat
dozen
The
green
pulledhis
"
What
times,as though itmattered.
he thought. Then, laughinga little,
and
put his
to
room
morocco
in
privatepapers
to
he took
down
case
the
of accident."
Moods
presentiments.
strong, but
were
held in
ever
leash.
"
It'salmost like
his thick
at
"
him.
!"
A
delicious
the mountains
world
of
the
rose
Snow
snow.
distance.
It smothered
wraps.
of old.
He
covered
all.
the
It smothered
stopped a
the
moment
their
chalets,
and
and
eveningdress
ski-ing."The band
their way
of
home
the
from
neath
be-
stood about
veranda
the
already
hidden
costumes
in
men
"
of
the
"
sound
edge
lightand bustle;peoplewere
was
"
snow
saw
Over
life.
"
Groups of
"
The
moon.
smoking,talking
up.
in his blood.
happinesswas
tuning
as
faintly
was
peasants
cafeto
peer.
THE
652
FORUM
Hibbert
He
desolate
slopes where
of the
newly
effort.
was
the
now
had
snow
to those
especially
lay thick
snow
of
question
no
fallen
and
fresh and
caught him,
power
proving it without
Out
the
ridges,
snow
was
thought of
He
and
Nature
to
utterly
so
the
it
the
power
of the
power
girl. He
presence
of
ing-impulse
mind,
any
of such
of the
ten
even
an
not
This insubordinate
had
assumed
of the insinuating
that
together.He remembered
daysago, the impulsethat had let her in.
imaginative
one, could pass beneath the
strange
curious
that drew
centre
command.
him
With
skat-
That
sway
and
enough;
aware
two
fancywas
could
to
joy in yielding
towards
kind of
old pagan
sensuous
it.
liefs
be-
pleasure
he let himself be
conquered.
And snow
that nightseemed
dancingcouplestalked of it;the
another
one
customers;
thoughts.The
everybody's
hotel proprietors
congratulated
in
was
of
And
had caused
snow
dischargeof
this
the
the
eager,
it,the
had
snow
sparkling
energy
was
brought it;all
due
to
primarily
snow.
"
But
pagan
in the mind
of
this
yearnings,
Hibbert, by
energy
some
transmuted.
became
by
alchemy of
his
self,
It rarified it-
pation,
anticipassionate
of electrical
imagispecies
currents
gleaming in white and crystal
which he transferred,as
swift
of
THE
OF
GLAMOUR
THE
SNOW
653
She
somewhere
him
from
softly
the
she
He remembered
leaguesof moonlit mountain.
touch of that cool,dry hand; the soft and icybreath
those
the
longed
slopes.She, like himself,befancied that he heard her littlewindy
there. He
out
to him
come
sifting
through the snowy branches of the
that hauntinglittlevoice that
callinghis name
of his life as once, long years ago,
to the centre
straight
voice
trees,
the
gliding
up
sent
....
dived
two
and
hush
came
the wind
snow
to
him, calling
waitingfor him, expecting
was
againsthis cheek;
way
snow.
But
nowhere
to
do
the costumed
among
dancers
did he
see
her
danced
figure.He
not
with
come
one
and
and
hoping even
length,
thinned;groups left one by
....
at
"
"
"
You've
got
to
shout
to
so
full of
his
work."
"
queer
He
works
too
hard
"
.
"
not
rudeness.
He
had
not
caught
654
THE
longer heard
Close
it. Another
the
For up
FORUM
street
wilder Call
he had
againstthe shadows
faded.
He
no
was
alreadyseen
of the baker's
"
slim,enticing.
VI
And
at
the
snow
He
knew
him
once
yet with it a
"
by
in the
Yonder
from
It did
up
even
was
too
his
to
him.
view
up
to
occur
not
meet
crowding
the white
him
the
rowed
highwaynar-
the
imperiousto be denied.
the sweater
putting
room,
the
does
over
his
though it
heightswith her,
lay thick
snow
He
chalets.
hesitate;mad
to
cravingfor
where
spaces
heights.
appeared,
Indeed, alreadyshe had dis-
mountain-path
beyond the
the
this sudden
"
it was
for the
there, amid
not
and
not
was
to
speak
abruptlyinto
at
It
villagestreet.
melted
seemed
searching,
cryingwildness
some
fresh
and
remember
not
"
going
eveningclothes,and
village
"
mountains
out
and the
Henri
him
saw
pass, and
mildly:
Un
Monsieur
choose
his
own
way
of death; and
the
had
other
had
even
"
eyes.
that
snow-beings
street
They've called
at
to
night,and
him
her window,
But
she
roaringdown
rightto
back
Perotti,the hunch-
Marthe
qui
And
/'
caught his
dows,
cafe win-
his
over
"
wondered
moon.
now,
and he
She
men.
"
"
Synagogue
as
pass
must
go," she
mur-
OF
GLAMOUR
THE
THE
SNOW
But
cross.
no
655
sought to
one
stop him.
Hibbert
that
almost malaise.
was
vague
uneasiness
and
came
went
"
ing
chillthe flow of his excited feelings,
across
jarredunpleasantly
exhilaration. He caughtthe instant's discord,dismissed it
smothered the hint
and
passedon. The seduction of the snow
before he realized that it had touched the edge of
warning.
And then he saw
her. She stood waitingthere in a little
dressed all in white, part of the
clear space of shiningsnow,
moonlightand the glistening
background,her slender figurejust
"
"
discernible.
11
waited,for I knew
voice of
windy
little
that you would come," the silvery
"
You had to
beautyfloated down to him.
come."
t
"
"
"
firstlove.
"
"
Give
"
dream
your
littlefurther
And
me
Here
it is too
the words
of
on,
littlehigher,"
came
the
near
seemed
her delicious
littletouch of civilization in
swer.
an-
whollyrightand natural;he
them;
questioning
"
....
he understood
that with
did
even
not
this
he suggested
sightthe familiarity
was
THE
656
urged his
He
FORUM
quiteovertake
not
her.
best efforts.
The
.
girl
And
theyleft the trees behind and passed upon the fringeof the
that rolled in mountainous
enormous
slopesof the sea of snow
soon
and
terror
beauty to the
world
The
stars.
very
Under
of the white
wonder
the
steadymoonlightit was
Power
more
was
a living,
white,bewildering
that
the senses
and laid a spell
of deep and
wild perplexity
It was
that cloaked
a personality
upon the heart.
and yet revealed itselfthroughall this sheeted whiteness of the
It rose;
snow.
went
in.
followed
and
after.
arms
soft
Sometimes
each
he
Then
saw
time,justas he
the hand
and
For
we'll
home
up with
.
gentleangle of
her, he
that broke
the
own,
the
saw
toil seemed
The
all he heard.
The
Give
me
ing.
nothThe
was
sky
Cold
was
moonshine,
valleyslept,the
"
never
but
find his
ascent.
he could
to
out
existed not.
wine-like air fatigue
crystal,
ski through the powdery surface of the snow
Far
...
on,
"
in this
of the
sishing
the only sound
snow
littlefurther
together.
stretched
her hand
came
"
time:
to
run
withdrawn.
arm
took
They
time
rose
from
distant.
time
He
to
felt that
tire.
your
hand.
It's time
now
to
turn
time
back."
THE
658
FORUM
felt like
deadly yet somehow
sweet, and hard to resist. He
and lyingthere. They had been
sinkingdown upon the snow
climbingfor five hours ! It was, of course, the warning of complete
exhaustion.
With
great effort he
We'll
will be dawn
before
it. It
overcame
passedas
it came.
suddenlyas
"
foughtand
reach the
we
decision he
hardlyfelt.
again. Come
village
at
"
It
!
once
"
of exhilaration had
left him.
An emotion
utterly
that was
akin to fear swept coldlythrough him.
pering
But her whisthat
turned it instantly
to
terror
terror
a
answer
and turned him weak and unresisting.
grippedhim horribly
A burst of wildish laughter,
Our home
is here !
loud
and shrill,
wind.
accompaniedthe words. It was like a whistling
sense
"
"
"
"
The
wind
had
where
higher
"
to
turn
away
"
them
that it bringsto
him.
or
exhausted
men,
ing
lur-
ing
soft embrace, lullclinging
conqueringall desire for life this was awfully
feet were
heavy and entangled.He could not
the
to
sleepof
turn,
hand.
smotheringweakness
upon
little
the
by the
deliberately
tried
"
power
The
hear
cannot
we
"
moon.
death
in her
"
His
move.
The
close beside
girlwas
breath
him; he felt her chilly
upon
with
came
his
face.
Her
downwards
weight was
to
arms
were
his knees.
his waist.
all over
his face.
And
then she
softlyon
spoke his name
over
as
upon
to
was
sightpassedthroughher
long
he had loved.
ago
by
Death
"
accent
the
The
snow
the eyes',
lips,
in that voice of
of
two
others
"
made
He
while he
sweeter
OF
GLAMOUR
THE
SNOW
THE
659
one
even
realizing
his heart
was
Her
into
sleep.
VII
say that
They
find
snow
hours
rim.
who
men
know
Hibbert
sleepof
sank down
came
below
"
stared
The
littlecrash upon
his breast
woke.
"
mountains
exhaustion in the
awakeningon
no
the
to
upon
the desolate
rise. At firsthis
numbing,achingpain possessedhim.
He uttered a long,wild cry for help,and heard its faintness
swallowed by the wind.
And then he understood vaguelywhy
he was
This very wind that took his cry
not dead.
onlywarm
had built up a sheltering
mound of snow
againsthis body while
he slept.Like a curvingwave
the
beside him.
It was
it ran
breakingof its over-toppling
edge that caused the crash,and
the coldness of the mass
againsthis neck that woke him.
Dawn
kissed the eastern
sky;palegleams of gold shot every
in the air, and the dry and
peak with splendor;but ice was
frozen snow
blew with the wind like powder from the surface of
the slopes. He saw
the pointsof his ski projecting
justbelow
him.
Then
he
remembered.
It seems
he had juststrength
enough to realize that,could he but rise and stand,he might fly
with terrificimpetustowards the woods and village
far beneath.
muscles
would
not
act;
"
"
The
ski would
How
spmehow
carry him.
he contrived it Hibbert
called
out
his whole
never
available
force.
He
rose
balanced a moment,
then,takingthe angleof an immense
slowly,
from a bow.
zigzag,started down the awful slopeslike an arrow
And automatically
the splendidmuscles of the practised
ski-er
and athlete saved and guidedhim; for he was
hardlyconscious
of controlling
either speed or direction. The
snow
stung his
660
THE
face and
FORUM
eyes;
raced
the
each
life.
ing
mile-long
zigzags,and it was the turnthat nearlyfinished him, for then the strain
of collapse
the remnants
of his
to the verge
corner
of
balancingtaxed
strength.
Slopesthat have
a
to
it in four
took
at
death
taken
hours
to
climb
be descended
can
of time.
in
Quite
other
of the wind
in anger
now,
she did
past his
no
tling
wild,with the whis-
Shrill and
not
figuresof the
he
ears,
host of these
justbehind
furiously
chased
snow
It seemed
He
and try
and
to entanglehis feet and ski in drifts. His eyes theyblinded,
theycaughthis breath away.
felt them
him.
ing
fly-
The
terror
urged him
of the
forward
at
his hands
heightsand
in the maddest
snow
race
and
desolation
winter
with
death
human
speedthat,before the
gold and crimson had left the summits to touch with pink the
neath
forest far beof the lower glaciers,
the friendly
he saw
ice-lips
swing up and welcome him.
knew; and
being ever
it
And
was
so
then there
terrificwas
came
the strangest
was
in
sound
of
the
the woods, he
saw
light.A
of human
figureswas passcarryingit. A procession
ing
dark line laboriously
He heard the
throughthe snow.
chanting.
"
he changed his
without a second's hesitation,
Instinctively,
No
at an
course.
angle as before,he pointedhis
longer flying
the mountain
side. The appalling
ski straightdown
steepness
full well it meant
him.
He knew
crashing
did not frighten
a
tumble
at
the
carried
who
cure
he
church
There
of
closed
Speed
to
last
wild
before
his
and
then
and
he
sight
his
him.
It
village
and
dawn,
lower
her
slopes
to
"
of
terror
the
symbols.
ears
he
as
of
rush
the
his
thought
the
was
in
the
on
started,
stinging
through
dropped
"
from
lantern
holy
in
cry
face,
it
remembered
the
definite
no
that
of
doubling
though
chalet
He
extremis.
one
meant
661
against
snow
empty
flew
he
seemed
off
shriek
space.
surface
the
of
world.
the
strong
recalls
he
Indistinctly
of
it
SNOW
understood
Host
feared
eyelids
took
knew
gleaming
She
was
wind
the
the
bells.
and
THE
For,
he
little
that
in
peasant
some
also
end.
mind,
taking
was
the
at
his
through
passed
that
safety
"
he
but
bottom,
with
speed
OF
GLAMOUR
THE
that
arms
unfastened
were
the
lifted
and
him,
from
of
murmur
the
twisted
the
men's
shooting
his
his
at
bed
For
night
will
up
tried
before.
saw
to
recounted
slopes,
the
to
and
but
.
he
did
the
"
of
that
mad
about
two
of
the
photographed
He
not
noticed
mention
the
that
it
to
in
it for
bolder
"
anyone.
ski-ing
He
his
the
it
ever
of
rest
went
Later
was
at
went,
senses
men
slopes.
there
in
lying
side.
man
no
he
when
himself
village.
that
agog
his
ski
Hibbert's
mountain
height,
day
at
touch
the
as
for
.
found
he
doctor
story
were
same
photographs.
track
.
in
tourists
very
ground
these
and
The
actual
the
come
life
normal
to
post-office with
be
and
season,
the
the
years
seems,
again
eyes
pains
ankle
.
opened
the
voices,
only
the
over
Hibbert
single
THE
ANCIENT
AND
Anna
is recorded
IT
Great,
he
Garlin
that Alfred
then invited
LADY
Spencer
of
England,
the Good
of twelve
and
and that
years,
to
the
mother,
step-
that
The
in France."
woman
the
showed
a
promised
it
as
Alfred
"
and
in due time
her
who
should
first and
spoke
who
the
earliest learn
asked:
firstunderstand
can
"Will
and
to
you
repeat
tion
told,his stepmother smiled with satisfac-
are
the
confirmed
from
book
him
to
was
illuminated,and
beautifully
poetry,
one
Alfred
"
this,we
At
iEthelwolf,of whom
the
giftto
Whereupon
reallygive that book
"
of
sons
it.
read
mother
pretty story runs, that the tactful step-
of Saxon
book
youngest,
it?
MODERN
was
was
THE
hand
"
and
brought it back
If, as Professor
which
promise; upon
Cook
to
her and
master
boy
to
took
read
the
it and
recited it."
in the
suggests
of the
his
to
went
the
prefaceto
his translation
the Saxon
epic fragment Judith
promised
poem
for learningto read, was
this same
heroic song,
reward
as
a
which
in subtle compliment by its author bore her name,
we
tion
have in this incident of Alfred's stepmothera complete illustraof the social value of the lady at her best.
Inspiring
works of geniusby her loveliness and sympathetic
appreciation,
panionships
liftingand sweetening social intercourse by the higher comof literature and art, and handing on the fruits of
learningand the giftsof imaginationto ardent youth,the lady
"
"
race
The
lady is but
the
than
member
she is more
of womanhood
singularof
some
and
savage
to
attain
the female
tribe;
of the favored
woman
sex.
some
accordingto
of
social class;but
maiden
the
of
unusual
beauty
prevailingstandards
662
and
tractivenes
at-
of her time
ANCIENT
THE
AND
MODERN
THE
LADY
663
"
"
"
which
preserve
along
the
most
female
"
for the
But
in
either
them
ignoredor
so
"
use,
to
the
witchcraft,"
the
and
as
lady in
in less advanced
tendencytoward
overworked
custodian
concerns,
women
mothers-in-law
dislike of their power
as
of social
of their possibilities
power
in Chinese
as
therefore the
sense
of old
mass
be,
may
of domestic
the acknowledgedhead
society,
of never-disputed
customs, and
command.
She
line of descent.
and
noranc
completeig-
combine
make
to
destroythem
maturely.
pre-
ten
out of unwritcustom, and history
supersedes
grows
of
the individual lady becomes more
one
experience,
clearly
a
class,with certain distinctive caste markings. The power of
in the restricted sense
the individual,
of
to women
even
possible
any era, is always manifested by the lady;but when she is no
longer a rare exceptionand becomes one of many, her place
As law
function
and
bred in
in
women,
the head
of her
by certain noble
winninggreat freedom
protectionand economic
secluded
household,pure
Roman
and
high-minded,
that forbade frivolity
and selfishness
rigidpuritanism
of her husband
and his men-friends,digcomrade
nified
at
matron,
fixed,as
are
within
her
relations
of
thought and
power,
home
the State,and
to
is
walls
one
and
in later times
movement,
type.
The
strong
legal
Greek
wife,
learned
perpetualminor, uninfluence she might
and unfree,with whatever feeble
have gainedthroughher husband's affection largely
neutralized
outside the familybond who alone shared
by the brilliantwomen
a
"
"
wife,however,
"
by
the number
in the
"
has
as
distinguished
chiefly,"
of thingsshe might not do,"
economic
strictly
sense
of
one
who
The
been
was
Greek
well said,
a
lady only
servants
THE
664
to
wait upon
busy with
yet had
The
women.
and
much
placeof
recognized
long
of
cares
many
attained the
never
class
privileged
the
the
her; she
FORUM
of her
restricted in law
social command,
"
her power
set,"and
house, was
herself with
her
over
and
custom,
during
especially
absences
and
pleasures;
of
spiritual
possibilities
Feudal lady, although
wars
over
the
was
able
and his
ents
dependto
round
sur-
home
manor
beginningof
the
at
it clear amid
made
statesmen,
"
be the
may
"
master
its functions.
He
may
sance
changinglife of the Renaisthat althoughman
civilization,
of the house,
is the mistress of
woman
of conventional
the realm
its aesthetics,
and itsmanifold
in its ethics,
In any
in
case,
the
pedestalabove
raised
to
or
times she
or
owes
of
men
from
individual tunity
opporservingattendants or at least
some
on
and protection,
privilege
personaloutline
slave laborers
by
by mechanisms
is placedand
life in
common
ciety
so-
customs.
remote
or
distinction of
either
man
near
intimate of
the
modern
and
and
and
for self or
for
family. She
the most
one
part, by some
In early
and wealth.
power
that
complete subordination of
that marks
the lot of the
familyobligation
of women,
to her personal
or
charms, physical
mental, and
mass
the kind of husband who can
to her good fortune in securing
afford and appreciate
a
lady for a wife. As familyautonomy
becomes
the patrioutlined in historic periods,
as
more
archal
strictly
less perfectin form, develops
or
system, whether more
noble blood," as the growth of private
property givesspecial
personalwish
to
"
to
power
herit
and
"
to
in her
own
attain
Judith,wife
the
of
iEthelwolf,was
royalhusband.
sat
an
to
in-
'
"
before her
equal throne
beside her
accounted
upon
able
noble
THE
666
FORUM
weaker
his own
brethren.
The degraded condition
or
captives
wife to-dayshows how far the men
of the high-caste
Hindoo
of
can
a
race
superiorintellectual life,refinement of
go toward
in choice of occupafreedom
taste, high breeding in manners,
tion,
the
noble
and
their own
capacityfor
friendships
among
and
sex,
and domestic
until some
Not
leisure,and
his
As
of such
things she
been
must
the
same
class the
remitting
un-
ance,
familyinherit-
the
social
advantageto
ladyhas
shown
from
return
the
her
of sharing
man
lady evolve.
traits
special
Certain
always do;
accomplish
attempt or should if possible
may
fashion as other classes in society
have
must
differentiated.
demanded
of the
rest
status
is
secure,
well
do many
unusual
things,and
of all
at
the forms
At
the ideal of
and
as
case
sex.
work
of labor
not
do
so
forming. After
the lady contains a
of ladyhood are
practice
content
"
not
of her
character
the
of
necessity
her
norance
ig-
were
never
quitein
Not
the
those of
even
sense
order
or
woman,
a
wives
some
of
perception
some
functions of her
and
raised above
were
some
with
pleasures
members
and
women
included
womanhood
of
servitude.
drudgery,not until
purelyeconomic reasons
could the lady appear.
than
in the darkness
behind
women
as
economic
an
she may
differentiation,
But, as
imperilher caste.
must
obey conventional taboo
not
climbers,"she
On
the
in
to
other hand,
"
"
No
one
has
ever
been
disturbed,it would
at
seem,
MODERN
THE
AND
ANCIENT
THE
of
LADY
667
women;
of
"
"
"
'
"
consent.
common
is also associated
She
flowers in the
garden which
her
appropriateout-of-door
She
is close-linked with
many
beasts
forms
are
hers
at
of recreation
she may
"
"
for this
desire
on
the part of
demonstrate
men,
as
has been
their wealth
often
and power
"
show
to
shown, is their
by having in the
familyidle,or seeminglyidle women,
off,"while they
retain for themselves the really
and importantactivities.
interesting
The other fact,however, that women's
energy estopped
from old paths of labor always has found and alwayswill find
for itself other channels of activity,
is less often noted.
And
the more
importantfact that the self-found ways of interest and
effort which have been used by the lady have potential
social
value as well as a possible
social danger,has stillless often been
to
demonstrated.
THE
668
What
forms
the main
are
FORUM
of
which
activity
the
ladyhas
veloped
de-
her own?
peculiarly
of leisure and social command
In the first place,women
have quite universally
displayeda seeminglynatural tendency
and
made
toward
the refinement of
code.
This
tends
to
highlyplacedwomen
often leads
code
ethics divorced
exact
as
social
binding for
and
to
from
laws and
of
extremes
the
conservatism,to
life and
common
ficial
super-
tion
the substitu-
to
for laws of
of
the elaboration of
statecraft. The
and
become
recreative life as
and
domestic
of
code
and
manners
canons
taste
"
her main
it has been
business
to
secure.
"
Many
leges,
col-
women's
dency
organizations,
to-dayshow this tenin moral judgment as a
toward the small and superficial
of the feminine intellect." On the
result of the
sequestration
other hand, the largersocial value of regulated,
gentle,thought-
and
women's
some
"
suggestive,artistic and
and
men
cellaneous
youth,is definite and important. In the misof our own
population
country it is coming to assume
primary importanceas the most difficultof social conditions to
maintain.
The
modern
tendency toward social, progress is
of relationship
toward greater variety
and associated
strikingly
diversified civic and national group.
effort among
an
increasingly
in the United States,we
have the
To-day,therefore,especially
intricate social
greatest need for expert guidancealong most
for the common
out collective regulations
good.
ways in carrying
women,
and
age
ships
personalfriendwith his chosen few, has alwaysbeen, and in generalstill
The
tendency of
is,toward
duty," which
man,
free and
often
easy
manner
degeneratesinto
coarseness
when
or
"
off
curtness;
ANCIENT
THE
THE
AND
he tends
relationships
while in serious
result in
as
Both
subordinate.
of chief and
surelytoward
This
mass.
669
the
tions
posi-
of these masculine
clumsiness in the
extreme
LADY
MODERN
adjustmentof
is shown
with
dencies
ten-
details
painful
in the
"
"
"
"
"
"
of
"
France, combined
and
puritan,
the morals
of the broader-minded
good humor.
all,means
with
social
For
way
lady in keepingeveryone in
anythingat
democracy,if it means
of life which
cial
control,so-
left
thousand thingsnow
a
adjustmentand social provision
The
to private
arrangement or neglect.If,as Bagehot says,
needed to set the mould of civilization,"
were
ages of despotism
with its coarseour
present civilizationof modified aristocracy
fibred and partial
control
it not be that the ages
political
may
in the artisticblendingof personalities
of conventional training
in polite
will presently
themselves?
justify
society
Woman's
share in social culture,as the lady who can command
of a group
courteous
treatment, as the creator
atmosphere
"
"
"
in which
all
must
show
of
none
must
browbeat
or
"
art
THE
670
behavior
which
the
in which
there is
FORUM
and
ladydisplays
and
familiarity
coarse
no
secures,
her
special
sphere
churlish avoidance,
no
with normal
"
forms
of
familylife,and
with cultural
ation,
recre-
"
"
"
"
expectedto
be the lover.
wife
for
solely
knight,on the
State
other
devotion
or
How
familyor property
hand,
must
mix
never
reasons?
the
he chose the
The
gold of
lady's
his
with the
desire. Such an
alloyof fleshly
courtshipand love from marriage and
selfish
un-
ficial
arti-
the
of
separation
foundingof a home could, of course, have but a brief career of
of the girl-child
influence. But, like the doll-play
that prophesies
motherhood's
function with amusing variations,so
chivalry
showed,
lovers
in its extravagances,
even
should
to
come
only malleable
masculine
feel.
teachers
gentlerscribes and clergy,
the social needs
Thomas
are
the
that
of the castle. We
"
and
"
the
who
artist-folk,
served
with
sor
Profes-
cannot
agree
Chivalry,chaperonageand
of the old race-habit
persistence
modern
tion
conven-
of contempt
for
THE
AND
ANCIENT
THE
MODERN
LADY
elements
women
of
in these forms
and
aversion
"
broke
whatever
chivalry,
her taboo
selected class of
such survivals of
are
women
contempt; but in
woman
with
of
treatment
men.
"
in respect
The
671
to
else
volved,
in-
real comradeship
of the
master
was
sex-
sorbed
house, ab-
tics,
drinkingand the game of class polifighting,
hunting,
the ladyused for doorway,as
the sort of man
might despise
in
civilizationfrom
it were,
which
she had
been
it honors such.
long excluded: but our age does not despise,
of woman
The intellectualsequestration
began to open outward
when in the earlydays of our
toward freedom and opportunity
Richt well to
civilization the great families taughtthe boy
back a steed,"the girl
As well to write and read."
In the third place,as has been alreadynoted, it is always
has
the lady in every epoch in which she has appeared,who
helpedthe man of wealth to become the discriminating
patron of
so
"
"
"
"
art
and
science,and
on
her
own
initiativehas
advanced
the
of
As
"
chief
"
"
consumer
"
sary
neces-
of craft and
largelydirected the course
As
manufacture.
of the
the purchasingmember
specifically
household firm she has led the way
it must
(oftendisastrously
be confessed)in all changesof fashion and in all popularizing
of the canons
of the studio. In the sphereof the recreative vocations
she has clearly
dominated
social standards.
Her practical
genius,however (her certificateof membership in her sextoward that
guild),that unerringtrend of the woman-nature
which directly
of individuals now
the well-being
concerris
living,
has at once
restricted and intensifiedthe lady's
of intellectual
power
comforts
she has
stimulus.
thought,"for
the
She
has
shown
scant
welcome
for
"
naked
quently,
infreNot
impersonally,
ideallyremote.
like the Rosamond
with such master-strokes by
pictured
George Eliot,she has hung the burden of her selfish exactions
about the neck of men, to strangletheir highestambitions.
Oftener, however, such is her geniusfor sympathetic
appreciation,
she has nourished in man
of greatness foreign
to her own
a sort
embodied
in one beloved friend whose peras
sex-development,
672
THE
FORUM
than
perfectly
his
thought.
have passed into bioggreat men
raphy
the ladyhas often in
as a distinct social phenomenon; and
become
the mother
such relationship
of ideas,the stimulant to
heroic effort,
the inspirer
of masterpieces
treasured by the world.
Tennyson makes King Arthur say:
"
I know
of
Than
no
is the
subtle master
more
maiden
Not
only
But
teach
And
love of
to
passion
down
for
the
base
thought and
the
keep
high
more
truth,and
heaven
under
maid;
in man,
desire
of
a
fame,
man."
is that
subtle master
perhaps a stillmore
diffused and less personalinfluence of the
ever
womanly,"
the youth may never
shown often by the older woman
dare wish
to possess, who
challengeshis utmost
heightof beingat every
of sympathy.
meeting-point
this
So far as the ladyhas embodied
ever
womanly," and
it in all-embracing
she has often embodied
and in
appreciation
The women
to know
charm, her past is secure.
all-prevailing
whom
is a liberal education
have been socially
worth their
keep,whatever agency has settled the bills!
The lady has now,
however, fallen upon evil times. She is
and most
stinging
beingpeltedwith bad names, the commonest
the epithet parasite." And as she receives the blows of harsh
of
criticism she is unable to preserve the splendidcomposure
This
is true; but
"
"
"
"
"
Marie
Antoinette
she is
of
no
since
the rabble of the revolutionists,
among
periority.
sulonger sustained by inner conviction of her own
confession
She often apologizesfor herself,
a
sure
to
transform
herself
to
ity
she confesses her unrealother patterns of
womanly
excellence.
It is worth
harsh
words
than is the
some
custom,
of the
significance
modern
she
current
indictment of the
u
"
THE
674
be
to
ger
wholesale
to
married, with
well; with
do
whose
the
rest
home
enable
needs
all
ized
special-
children,some
the
to
"
into man's
women
single
work
teachers,nurses,
women
cover
specialties
and
to
woman
without
or
of
movement
FORUM
all
caretakers, and
of
children,housekeeping
to
marriage and
than a vocation giving
oppositeside,calls
women
make
incident of
experiencerather
material
Ellen Key, on
the
support.
track even
that they are on the wrong
in the
to women
earnestly
of this sort.
toward specialization
She would
present movement
have women
not
ants
only face the lessening
supplyof domestic servwith composure
ers
but dismiss such as theyhave, and all mothmaternityan
intimate
and
women
kindred.
She
make
would
far
with
rather
more
than less of
life within
only
make
vocation
of
permanent
born
woman,
she would
within
or
would, however,
the
exceptional
"
teachers
"
and
extremes
without
by
without
her husband
the home,
or
golden mean
the lady of today,
hard
labor either
inherited wealth
has
who
and
lie the
may
is cared for
"
powers
mothers-at-large."
nurses
these
between
of wise decisions.
who
She
woman.
average
make
Somewhere
the
that
is
rather than of acquisition,
givesher problems of expenditure
well for
but a parasite? If she is married and bears and cares
children,and makes
often work
hard.
true
If she has
home, she
not
cannot
married
be
idle and
on
must
some
social,she is stillemployed;but
life-interest,
intellectual,
artistic,
that would make her easily
perhaps in neither case in a manner
her a paraDoes that fact alone make
or
surelyself-supporting.
site?
Nay, her social usefulness or harmfulness depends upon
the kind of person she is rather than upon
the definiteness
of
%
her
economic
status.
"
Clear
minds
the economic.
To-day
we
deafened
are
by
the economic
tones
"
talks about
by
great
very
man
year, and
The
his millions.
of
!
"
The
our
If
or
one
to
or
earn
logist
socio-
sand
three-thou-
to
thousand
dangerous one
onlywith
be
not
dollars
capture
may
with
overcome
commercial
make
adolescent
so, success
to
to
very
deal
budgets. It
emphasis
againstthe over-
the
"
velope
en-
pay
her !
in the modern
with
should be heeded
calls attention
"
"
man
lady,therefore,should
vital element
which
one
small
even
may
be able
never
which
by epithets
shame
When
cents.
a
talkingas one who would measure
track.
Using adequatehuman standards, a
may
very
of dollars and
terms
675
LADY
he is
railroad
MODERN
thousand-dollar
dollar man,"
sunset
THE
AND
ANCIENT
THE
criticism of the
tragicearnestness,
side of womanhood;
the wrong
lady,and
is that which
debauched
and coarsened
reallyidle class of women
Professor
cally
Ferrero shows us historiby vulgarluxury. When
the
abuses of liberty of which privileged
has
woman
been guilty,
abuses
because she
greater than those of man
of
"
"
"
exercises
more
power
over
him
than he
over
easier
that
the
now
the
"
cause
be-
and
political
"
race.
There
lady has
are
shown.
and
belongsto
which
three dominant
creative work.
a
separate
Professor
tendencies of
This
study.
Ferrero
has
Of
which the
expression
vidual
toward indispecially
gifted,
cannot
now
the other
be discussed.
two,
the
It
tendency
searchinglyrevealed, is that
toward the selfish exploitation
of man
and of all social agencies,
of the friends who love her best,for her own
even
selfish,
tuous,
volupwhich base or igirresponsible
pleasure. The qualities
norant
have bred in her for their own
or
men
pleasure-seeking
in independentsocial power,
monstrous
gratification,
at
grown
last endanger the very institutions man
most
highlyvalues. It
be forgottenthat the lady has flowered out of the
must
never
so
THE
676
FORUM
common
the sap
If
of healthier
becomes
parasiteindeed.
in
life,tend
American
our
the
at
That
classes,that
luxury of undisciplined
wealth
rashly and
wickedly
wanton
coquetry
she
strives to draw
from
expresses.
which
to
of her
being,
suddenlyacquired
centre
the
the brazen
produce
domination
us
among
of
women
of the
the ignorant
imitators among
lady rank, and their pitiful
ignoreevery duty and outrage every womanly ideal,
poor, who
is terribly
true.
They are, so far as they exist,the most tragic
force for social friction and national disintegration
in American
hering
society.It is to prevent the increase of the social dangers inin a womanhood
thus debauched
greed and
by selfishness,
the pursuit
of pleasureas the business of life,
that the leaders of
This
address themselves.
should chiefly
thought among women
is more
vital than the immediate
settlement of the intricate problems
of the economic position
dren.
of the married woman
with chil-
And
this end
to
such leaders
such
values,especially
the
as
are
of labor, as
market-price
or
Only
the
by
do indeed make
life.
reckoned
vast
necessary
the basis of
the
ful
use-
in
readjustments
her economic
problems. Hence
only on
cial
accept finan-
revolution in woman's
The
industrial
radical
to
only classificationof
work
the
refuse
should
to
bravelythinkingtheir own
preferredsolutions through to
logicalends; whether they are
ranged with Mrs. Oilman's
piquantaudacityof wholesale settlements on a new basis,or with
Ellen Key's ponderous and solemn moral appeal for a rebirth
of the oldest in the newest
womanhood.
Nothing is out of place
are
to-daypress
upon
enlightened
women,
In this field of
upon
womanhood,
upon
the
vast
however,
individual,
we
social
as
except
bigotryand
changes and
we
can
ardice.
cow-
their reaction
in all environmental
that
learn
pressure
rule of
and
living;
we
THE
AND
ANCIENT
THE
that rule
taughtwhat
are
LADY
MODERN
be
must
677
by necessary
perimentation
ex-
Some
"
Motion, toilingin
Yearning
ordains
our
lightof
In the
course.
illumines
purpose
here
And
gloom,
life,"
itself with
mix
to
the
the standards
of moral
are
values
and
we
have
as
guide
"
The
To
to
warn,
comfort,
to
command."
and pily
lady in self-expression,
hapof the privthe one that influences by far the largercompany
ileged
is that toward
of our
a
civilization,
women
broadening
of the maternal function to ends
deepeningand spiritualizing
The
and
nobly planned,
perfect woman,
tendencyof
third
the
and
of the mind
of vital nourishment
heart of the
show
beyond peradventurehow
of
the commonwealth
service
tests
cherished
as
the value
asset
an
position.She
humble
mothers
health)needs
wife:
"
Said
In
no
new
When
the
their babes
excuse
Which
is due
to
times
of the
her
sharingof
activity.This
of the
have
for
I
Dante, musing on
A
race
much
modern
The
nurse
thy face
the
ladyin
race.
out
being. Said
seen
of their
the
own
abundant
dying Bunsen
to
his
the Eternal."
his Beatrice:
doth
love impart
intelligence
the
guides
upward path;
I behold in honor
dight
"
ladyWho
doth
shine in
splendidlight."
Literature
hood.
In
Love.
social
lady
but
social
to
"
been
the
to
as
help
its
culture
to
of
that
look
hearts
it
is
is
that
approved
at
her
"
excellence
above
to
the
she
best
to
in
face
drawn
such
fashion
her,
and
up-climbing
of
Joy
and
not
man
that
thus
the
supreme
gift
supreme
has
and
The
shall
the
sight
and
true.
women
is
to
Hope
as
living
It
forth
and
Purity
realization.
divided
fair,
compelled
marriage
ever,
it
brought
and
Justice
prophecy
now
have
art
and
such
need,
ideal
that
and
it Wisdom
named
as
FORUM
THE
678
race.
has
violate
of
the
to
her
he
has
linked
SEMELE
Phillips
Stephen
lyingin
the
SEMELE,
In madness
Or
Looked
"
in
up
Thou
of
too
woman's
into his
visitestme
of
arms
Jove,
curious womanhood,
perilous
vanity,
face,and murmured
secret
from
the
thus
sky,
But
an
as
"
That
whatsoe'er
Then
Semele
said
sweetlyin
his
ear,
thou com'st
again,
god,
In flamingsplendor,
and in rolling
power.
Love me
clear god, not as god disguised!
as
I crave
thymajestyas thou my kiss."
She sighedonce
his lips,
then hid her face.
on
But Jove was
sorelytroubled at her words.
"
"
he
Shrivelled in
gloryinsupportable.
Then
ask some
other thingthat thou mayst live,
thee in my proper shape,
Since,if I woo
679
FORUM
THE
680
Thou
"
shalt
I
But
Semele
be
will
if
die,
then
Swear
And
by
No
god
Jove
that
of
that
after
the
Mortal
god
with
and
up
the
when
the
woman
on
and
heaven,
thundered
and
Lightened
the
heart
out
ashes
in
this
of
thing."
wave
his
free,
be
shape,
own
die.
must
through
midnight
said,
oath
in
she
sullenly
do
his
come
glory
fluttering
broke
of
would
hast
whose
by
and
recorded
Muttering,
wilt
river,
that
heard,
Acheron
on
he
thee/'
death.
thou
that
swear,
may
of
persist.
to
dazzling
eyes."
my
thou
what
woman,
die
from
thing
and
Stygian
swore
Making
"
Styx
by
that
Knowing
ashes
other
no
being
me,
But,
So
ask
answered;
Incites
And
in
strewn
his
pools
stagnant
oath.
she
stood
the
dark
hill,
coming
down,
her
mid-air.
the
life,
682
THE
thine
My lipson
And
drew
yet
"
FORUM
music
drawing
strange beauty
sweet
"
from
Ah
lipsmore
somethingI remember
Pools reflecting
seem
night my arms
empty!
Did I not hold something a slender
thing and
But no
'twas thou, thou and I commingling.
warm?
"
"
"
"
"
Yet hear I
something fluttering
.
My
heart
And
feel
And
arms
Ah
'tisgone,
now
"
That
Why
white?
bewitched
so
was't thou
"
"
me?
I in the thickets
gaze
"
and think
on
scarlet flowers?
Ah
somethingI
"
remember
.
Ill
BY
TREES
they say,
THE
DAEMONS,
For,
see,
Your
(How
Ye
you
sweet
ye would
roots
enfold
children of water,
This
endless
would
trap
maenads
to
me
come
and I know
shelter,
to your
.
ye know
this great
long struggle'tween
tempt
stars
warring,
and
us
these soulless!
me!)
and
of wistful faces,incarnated
streams
and
the dew,
anew,
know
Your
this
branches
above
me
it!
in water
outstretching
me, did I yieldto your tempting!)
WATER
"
How
As
Ah
off
bore
you
Hye,
laugh,
would
you
POEMS
rippling
wild
you
683
water,
soul!)
my
thy
does
goddess,
once
OTHER
AND
MENDIANTE
LA
still
power
hold
me?
IV
REED
is
there
H,
I, that
stood
I, that
up
flows
the
shrink
Soft
Yet
Idle
the
Nor
cared
am
water
was
the
for
is
there
I, that
I, that
was
stood
down.
that
so
thing
and
ruthlessly
the
from
am
the
water,
my
brake
loving.
me,
me.
down,
bent
am
was
earth,
bent
from
dying
long
that
wind-kissed,
was
make
strong,
soothing,
once
the
and
earth,
tenderly
that
bleeding
up
bent
this
Would
Ah,
the
past
from
hand
from
down,
bent
am
lissome
and
swaying
was
and
bleeding
down.
fashioned
from
the
for
water,
song,
"
INDIAN
SONGS
Mary
Austin
I
SONG
FOR
PASSING
THE
OF
[From
Such
Pursue
the
WOMAN
Paiute~\
in comeliness !
thy way
Strong
BEAUTIFUL
across
sun
thy unguessed
and
by;
I am
worth for what thy passingwakes,
more
in my loins to thee that cry!
Great races
My blood is redder for thy loveliness.
Prosper;be fair;pass by!
pass
II
SONG
OF
Yokut~\
the
[From
not
Come
near
who
You
are
Lest from
Leaps
my
my
As
almond
With
my
songs,
not
my
you!
glowing
are
songs
thicket
the bloom
it,
upon
Do
You
not
who
not
who
near
are
my
not
hear my
are
not
684
songs,
my
lover!
songs,
my
lover,
that ambush
out
heart upon
When
an
LOVER
PASSIONATE
lover !
SONGS
INDIAN
the
heart
is
love
has
bruised
Over-sweet
Where
my
Breathe
You
Do
From
Lest
Leaps
stoop
its
With
Lest
are
not
from
my
not
above
not
own
out
heart
lover;
heart
my
on
it,
fragrance,
my
languor
should
my
that
not
you
who
685
you,
know
you
beloved,
my
singing
upon
you
LIFE
ART,
AND
Edwin
which
ART,
other
ripeningfor
which
of
sense
beauty with
his instinct
lies as
close to life
self-expression,
of human
activity. It is neither
bubble, too
fruit
form
Bjorkman
man's
merges
for
CRITICISM
few
consideration,
nor
chosen
on
some
spirits
bought only by surrender
be
as
any
fair
exotic
an
enchanted
isle to
of
man
ordinaryhuand concerns.
On the contrary, art, seen
in the light
cares
of modern
knowledge, appears as an instrument forged by life
for the promotion of its most
essential purpose
its own
fection.
percan
passage
"
Therefore,
messenger
such
whole
new
Out
of it grows
with
it,a better
hold
is many
with
not
this form
of
for the
me
for, I
art
it has
and
successively,
of them.
one
shapes that
highestform
stands
the
nay, it is itself
"
and
at once
be every
concern
in its
art
life-force
as
lastingvalue to our
vision,a new
a
new
perception,
tion.
inspiramony
keener pleasurein life,
a
a
greater harunderstandingof it,and, for this reason,
things,both
"
does
will receive it
it.
on
legitimate
rightto
shapes are
"
all who
missionaryof a great
force,bringingwith it powers
stronger
art
to
comes
and
existence:
Art
a
art
may
What
assume
moment.
am
tudinous
these multiand
now
stillbe
dealing
questionof
experimental
unhesitatingly:
answer
the
To
alone.
what
CREATION.
in order
to
to
creatures
which
undoubtedlythe
least,our
also the
In
listen
creatures
that we
do with the
perfection,
imaginationsgive a fictitiousexistence,
Life's way is
effective. But in the beginningof things,
it be in marble,
whether
at
host of real
What
more
on
canvas,
or
in words.
way
long
run
it is perhaps,
quicker.
art
we
set
the
problemsof existence,solve
to
be
worthy of
and
tentatively,
decide whether
them
living. If
we
our
lution
so-
find that
LIFE
ART,
have
we
mighthave
undertaken
the
what
of
time and
some
less profitably.
If
our
have
been, of
ergy
en-
had
we
ourselves and
"
687
experimentin realitywith
same
CRITICISM
with failure,
nothingis lost but
met
that
AND
men
towns-
of
sorrow,
pain,
and of death!
strife,
Art in itshighest
form
be regardedas man's
therefore,
may,
and labor-saving
device. In this form all art
time-saving
need not be cast, as I have alreadyindicated,
but toward that
form all art and all the arts should ever
be tending.Only as
for it the earlier and less ambitious stages of art find
preparation
most
warrant
"
cry of
for art's
art
"What
blindly,
that the
the
senses
"
manhood.
must
same
is
to
It is a
Man
use
must
learn
to
art
way
of
"
art
Those
it be the
anyhow?"
should
does
not
walk
read before
he
before
can
develop and
remember
of
master
is to
an
mature
end.
he
fight;
studying.In the
it must
technique,
he undertakes
dream
ask
nothing
aim beyond pleasing
of its
or
appreciator
of the
senses
raise the
craves
the
learn
must
which
who
no
whether
"
sake
own
and
perfection,
creator
own
which
art
but formal
is the
existence.
to
enter
on
its
inexpensively
that, through such
ever
by
"
the cry of
sake
be warranted.
art for art's own
may
For art should not be subjugated
to the service of any other vital
which
is not, as
The task of art, this means,
activity
except indirectly.
has so often been mistakenly
or
contended, to serve
religion,
sex,
or
morals, or science,or man's personaldesires. Art, if it be
than that of life itself
submit to no other mastership
can
sincere,
of life in all its fulness and majestyand glory. And by serving
that forms part of life.
also everything
art serves
life,
"
imaginative
Poetry usingthe word to denote all creative,
is to science.
literature is to practical
life what the laboratory
"
"
THE
688
FORUM
moments
conditions and
to
lightthat
motives
is thus enabled
perceiveclear
we
where
is written
"
place them
outlines of
our
previously
of life under
eyes beheld
and
relationships
nothingbut confusion.
In the books
vicarious
as
in the theatre
and
to
"
also be described
in such
us
causes,
may
before
artificial
functioning.
"
live
we
it
by deputy,"so
to
Nemesis
havingto encounter
any lurking
commit every crime and practise
we
every virtue,hold every
imaginableopinion and lead every conceivable form of life.
"
"
Thus
in
we
learn
one
Matthew
higher and
of
disguise
The
nature
aimed
was
else
at
of
sense
"
serves
dime
of
art
to
was
nothing but
pertainingto
to
criticism
strong
suspicion
when
it appears
dreadfuls."
in
material,as it
beginwith entirely
Like everything
pleasethe senses.
however
man,
"
I have
this purpose
even
"
"
novels
and
penny
souls.
own
called it,a
beinga
effectiveliving.And
more
that, somehow, it
the
Arnold
our
like
"
it has
love,for instance
"
Why
that the
do
certain forms
stimulate the
pleasingones
functional exercise.
it be that life wants
of symmetry,
design,
But
to
why
do
and
providenormal
theyproducethis
suggest the
of order?
nerves
reply
We
effect?
Can
That
it wants
to
tempt
us
into
THE
690
FORUM
Poetrybegan by dealingwith
before
pass
Ages had
at
all
to
and
"
then
"
ness.
And
only are
not
"
from the
an
hopeless devolution
inglorious
degeneration
of the past but theyare persistently
escapingglories
lookingto
Not onlyare they
art alone for standards by which to judge art.
measuring the books of to-dayby the life of the past, but by
Thus
books in which that life is giventhem at second hand.
"
"
their
rule away
task of the geniusthey should
tends
course
bringart
classic"
into renewed
Of course,
"
as
"
and
more
the critichas
from
is
and interpret
appreciate
completetouch with life.
rightto proclaima
may
work
of
art
to
a
corded
re-
we
our
in this
"
are
on
we
think ourselves
arrived,
goal.
critic who
ossificationand stultification.On
the other
suously
approachedthe work from the senaestheticalstandpoint
alone,has performed itswork in the
which
The older criticism,
LIFE
ART,
standards of taste, so
Our
main.
been
CRITICISM
AND
stable hereafter.
far
and
is concerned,have
form
as
691
remain
to
likely
are
tively
compara-
of refinement and
process
polishing
"
"
will be involved
in
of the
it will be
light:
new
or
senses,
perhapsit will
before,but
as
of the
the
of
will have
taste
artistic.
matters
of the whole
taste
be
to
sidered
con-
soul,not
also be the
of the
taste
vidual
rather than of indi-
race
man.
There
stillthose who
are
would
side of an
or
aesthetical,
dealingwith nothingbut the artistic,
the rest of what that work may contain to the
art work, leaving
Such speand the moralist,
or
philosopher
ignoringit entirely.
cializatio
a
be bound
to
result in
mingled,
into a work of art are so interentering
each one lendingforce to
theyare constantly
interacting,
the appealsmade by the others. Without
full consideration of
all these elements at once
the proper appreand in conjunction,
ciation
possible.
imestimate of a work becomes practically
and correct
elements
It is inevitable,
that the criticshould be
therefore,
thinker and
judgewhatever
reformer
works
and ethical as
no
come
well
as
less than
from
the
to
artist
"
that he should
One
must
an
correlate
tual
the intellec-
purelyaestheticalviewpoint.
true
criticthat he
must
know
art
to
human
thoughtin
its entirety,
work,
an
artist,
an
epoch,may
concerned
have
with where
and how
THE
692
matters
has been
FORUM
negativeside
by
can
always,both
more
no
be
means
mankind
to
has been
and
glected.
ne-
to
missed, in and
givenartisticmanifestation.
To reach its highest
of efficiency
and truth,criticism
potentiality
must
work with theories justas much as science does. The
is,that these theories have onlythe
onlythingto be remembered
by
'
any
"
claim
same
they last
to
consideration
and
duration
as
those of science:
"
"
"
"
"
and modification.
We
hear
so
much
about
seem
physicians
this mysterious
disease. As
yet
two
no
decadence
to
agree
in
on
art
a
and
and literature,
proper
diagnosisof
dence:
it,there are two kinds of decanatural and beneficial;
the other whollynegativeand
one
destructive.
The
former
see
reduces the
art
ideal of the
moment
to
extreme
At
consequences,
of
by
The
constructive,for
and vernal
sowing. The
be done
to
seasons,
art
their
needs
must
and
structive
de-
literature have
moments
cannot
be
of harvest
fluenced
fail to be in-
this fact.
of the
unwillingness
human
mind
to
no
accept leaps,
less
LIFE
ART,
of life to
inability
than the
the contrary
to
forward
of any
older
AND
quicklyor
This
energy.
task
of
"
"
ideal
new
itsthrone
"
be
can
expenditureof
underminingthe doomed
remain
who
much
reduction of
the
up
And
complished
ac-
precious
ideal is
orthodox
coming new.
set
without
performed by those
largelyin
693
from
be shaken
must
one
make
Before
move.
CRITICISM
monly
com-
rather than
by
truth
yesterday's
into
morrow's
to-
absurdity.
Such periods,
commonly fruitful in wails over the threatened
demise of all art, are genuinely
dent
decaor
alreadyconsummated
that is,tendingtoward death
onlyin the sense in which a
partlydismantled structure may be called a ruin duringitsperiod
"
"
Fashions
of reconstruction.
forms
But
art
perfections
may
the drama
that
art
as
elsewhere.
die.
that have served and outlived their purpose
may
and poetry do not die. The verse
epicmay change into
Art
lost
live
on,
modern
Those
who
call this
protean,
man
supersedethe
lookingback for
But the epicand
may
ever
are
decay or
ever
himself is endless.
man
drama
prose
death.
In other
words, no
justas
"
valid
man
art
sense
form
shall
not
beautiful and
in mind
been
dead
good and
true
had
come
critics or
all that is
last,it is well
at
to
bear
marvellous
The
dreams.
artist's intentions
when
his
practically
negligible
work is to be judged. They concern
nobody but himself and the
students of psychology.To such a degree do I hold this true
that I am willing
in cases when genuineart works
to applyit even
have fallen under the accusation of being immoral."
Although passionately
jealouson behalf of the freedom of
are
"
694
THE
and
FORUM
poetry, and
to any censorship
though unalterably
averse
but that exercised by the public
I have to acknowledgemore
itself,
than one
instance when, in my opinion,
the liberty
demanded
by
the artist has degenerated
into license,
and plain coarseness
has
been put forward
viewed
all with the
as
actuality
artistically
art
"
finestintentions.
Mirbeau
Sweden
in
France, D'Annunzio
in
and Strindberg
in
Italy,
would
to doubt
implyserious injustice
the
purityof
the
case
it
offending
writer's purpose.
In such cases
the criticmust, of course, be no
less candid in speakingof the work itselfthan in his tracing
of
the motives
have
risen.
The
The
foundation
art
is selection,
not
all-inclusive-
Modern
work
artist whose
of
criticism
choice
began with
assertion that
the
lightof
his life. We
of
an
a
artist's
later
day
so
far
as
it be
is the result
great man
Gabriel Tarde has
of his time. In recent
years the Frenchman
and to the former
into inventors and imitators,
divided mankind
Hegel
he
traces
theorythat
established the
all progress
theories
incompatible
made
we
by the
find
two
race.
In these
sides of the
same
two
seemingly
truth.
LIFE
ART,
Ibsen said
to
roots
CRITICISM
695
once
stands
est
near-
the future.
I should
himself
most
soul the
own
aspiredup
whollyhis own.
and
preferto
AND
to
of what
essence
that time.
But the
the
To
this he adds
absorbs into
man,
has
race
thoughtand felt
somethingthat is
mere
into
such
an
to
the
mass
of men,
and
onlywhat
is
and
becomes
future.
In the
the
else,
course
mass
best,if such
pickswith
a thingmay
ruption
without inter-
everywhere
not what is absolutely
unerringprecision
be said
to
as
is best for
exist,but what
Side
moment.
"
which
it
The
belongswill
have
surelyas
work
to
north while
returning
which isunconscious."
This
mean
reservation
to
sit down
or
that,in spiteof
inspiration,
his
tellect
innot
for
and wait
whollypassive
and birth
conception
he must
do by constant
696
THE
widest and
tolerant
his soul
most
subordinated
become
The
outward
have
form
kind of
some
of the end
for which
"
"
not
"
or
whether
can
cause
shall
spirit
or
him, the
on
tion,
tradi-
"
be
formed,
vulgar or refined,
ignorantor incatholic,
or
self-seeking
self-surrendering,
or
narrow
poured into
hold. And on
may
and placeand circumstance,"
or
any outside
that
be
must
overflowing.
vessel
time
on
on
vessel of wondrous
and soul-warming
to behold.
Life
satisfying
the skilland the fancyneeded to shapeit. But it
grantedhim
must
to
and
beauty,sweet
has
FORUM
or
life-retarding
life-promoting.
And
with
let me,
to
recurrence
previousthought,add
this :
it is the
is the
of Life
urge
he
and that
"
is not necessarily
the
spirit
he pleadsin his work.
speaksor forwhich
The
It
tremendous
them.
of man's
sometimes
new
of which
sometimes
super-
but it was
naturalistic,
real nature
This
one
istic.
always fatalday will be humanistic and optimistic.
poetry of the new
of
will combine a frank and open-eyedrecognition
naturalistic and
man's
until recently
was
prevailed
poetry that
The
as
with
well
as
of the
true
basis of his
happiness,
direction.
its glories
to urge him in the right
poetry will,above all,keep in mind man's dual
ture
na-
either-or "
itwill be able
only two
or
to
to
the
tragic
moods
"
escape
to
give full expression
one
ing
Hav-
pessimism,
of which
to
was
now
PUBLIC
EXECUTION
General
GENERALLY
A
day
labor
H.
be
cannot
performed by
its own
account;
should
be limited
and
to
Government
should
the direct
familiar terms,
more
that
as
by
publicauthority Government,
other
is not qualified
to do work
on
that its function in obtaining
what it wants
specification,
leavingthe detail of procuring
"
"
privateagencies. Another
to
WORK
Chittenden
well
as
by contract;
State,county, municipalor
it
M.
PUBLIC
is that it
by
OF
do
form
of the
same
idea is that
direct which
work
privateagencies
do equally
well (of course, such agencies
insist on beingsole
can
judge) and that direct work by publicauthorityis an invasion
of privaterights,
interference with the natural course
of business,
an
and
The
ne
no
curtailment
plusultra
of
individual
freedom
and
socialism and
is the cry of
evils which assume
other
initiative.
ism,
paternal-
sinister
a
phantom
justas harmless objectsoften
aspect by their very vagueness,
loom black and hideous when seen
through a fog. The present
article is an attempt to show that this common
theoryis without
rational basis;that public
work by publicagenciesdirect is often,
if not generally,
the better method, and that the contrary belief
is the source
of immense
disadvantageto the publicwelfare.
of the existing
At the same
time, no sweepingcondemnation
tem
sysis intended,and its necessity
under present conditions in
is admitted.
if not the majority,
The limit of
of cases
many,
effort will be
to
draw
reasonable
line between
those classes of
fundamental
doing work
forces
are
profit the
he is paid
"
set
defect of the
or
indirect,
contract, method
dishonesty.Two antagonistic
contractor's compensationis a
is its temptationto
to
work.
The
difference between
for it
by
the
what
the work
principal.Now
698
costs
him
the system
and what
of
profit
PUBLIC
EXECUTION
OF
PUBLIC
WORK
699
a
alwaysand everywherefosters wrong-doing. It is inherently
in hand itsdirect tendency
vicious system. As applied
to the case
is to make the contractor
give as littleas he can for what he
and this leads to all sorts of peculation
and often to
receives,
downright fraud and corruption. The tendencyis so natural
that it is acceptedas a matter
of course
and so well recognized
difficultand annoyingduty which falls to the lot
and the most
of an officialin chargeof public
work is that of devising
ures
meascircumvent it. Wholly to cirwhich may
cumvent
even
partially
ithas never
been found possible.Some of the greatest
scandals of publiclife are its direct and legitimate
outgrowth,
and its mischief appears
not
tractor,
only during the life of the confective
debut often creeps to lightyears afterwards when
work givesway and malefactors are
out of reach.
The evil of the system beginswith the very beginningof a
in that feature which is usuallyconsidered the cornercontract
stone
of its merit. If a purchaseor service is thrown wide open
that everyone
have an equalchance to bid
to the public
so
may
it (saywhat he will furnish or do it for) this very fact of
upon
free competition
result in the largest
turn
remust, it would seem,
for the least outlay. In practice,
however, the theoretical
result is seldom realized. There is the danger of collusion,
or
whereby pricesare held up and the profit
poolingof interests,
shared by the bidders.
There is the system of
unbalanced
gant
bids,or of gamblingon the chances that items on which extravapricesare bid will prove to be largerin quantityand the
"
These
"
fere
and other influences inter-
and rarelydo
competition
the
"
"
"
THE
700
to
accept.
be
FORUM
the best bid the
were
problemwould
the
moment
accept
an
some
officialundertakes
to
begins.
He
is certain to be assailed
of
cost, is
it generally
out
turns
practice
Inasmuch
requirementor not.
not
the best
that way
whether
the
as
bidder,the work
be
must
accepted,and
there is such
lowest
bidder
quently
is freits very
inception.
The
a
difficulties
which
foretaste of those
does
contract
attend the
which
proceed from
of
letting
likelyto
are
start
to
contracts
follow.
only
usually
are
Not
officialthan
to
is losing
money;
him
and
have
charge of
yet that
same
work
contractor
have appealedto
possibly
the
in which
would
courts
the
contractor
have denounced
if the officialhad
his bid.
by rejecting
Here againthe writer would carefully
present both sides of
the questionand in so doing would
recognizethe fact that a
oughly
majorityof contractors, possiblya large majority,are thorhonest, at least accordingto the recognized business
standards of honesty. A contractor, like any other business
maintain
crookedness of
his standingby persistent
cannot
man,
of
The not very praiseworthy
method.
principle
honestyis
for value received. In
fair return
the best policy exacts
a
in the
far greater discretion is possible
privatework, moreover,
such works
and acceptance of bids. Where
tensive
exare
rejection
and continuous (and this to some
is true of public
extent
and
work) a class of contractors
grows
up whose qualifications
tried
to
protect him
"
,1
"
"
PUBLIC
EXECUTION
OF
PUBLIC
WORK
701
become
thoroughlyunderstood and who, in railroad
integrity
ence
work particularly,
are
givencontracts without too stricta referbe lower,and not infrequently
to other bids which may
upon
u
force
actual
account
"
In such
cost.
for
basis,or
cases
the
an
contract
agreed percentage
method
above
partakeslargely
than
more
to
liftup.
in public
work
Long experience
available
of
againstthe
are
great aid
and
specifications
natural and
one
to
in
and the
vast
of precedent
volume
the
or
It
est,
be honanother,ifthe official
esty
by its very nature fosters dishonis held in reasonable proximity
to the ordinarystandards of
honesty,and incessant temptationto wrong-doing is met and
and resistance.
overcome
largely
by incessant vigilance
a
method
Under
of work
which
most
of these drawbacks
are
gether
alto-
honesty
that the temptation
to dissimplereason
from comis removed.
freedom
directness,
plications,
Simplicity,
and economy
and, what many will dispute,
efficiency
all promotedby this method.
While exampleswithout number
are
from all classes of public
is the
Panama
work could be cited,
most
prominentbecause of its great magnitude. The evidence
is conclusive that,with the organization
which has been created
and
be done more
there,work of all descriptions
can
efficiently
than it could be by contract.
And when we
template
coneconomically
lays,
the evils from which the country has escaped the deover
extra
extensions,
charges,disputes
changes,the graft
and corruption,
the political
and interference,
and, of
intrigues
we
investigations
course, the inevitable Congressional
may well
absent for the
"
"
THE
702
congratulate ourselves
FORUM
that
the
method
contract
Yet
at
was
that it should
be
adopted;and
certain technical
adopted.
bitter at
abusively
every
the whole
system,
violent insistence
were
journals,
published
and
intensely
country
the
generalsentiment
the Government
now
admits
to
should
among
the direct
the wisdom
of its
adoption. Quite
the Canal
most
be
method
the
not
was
as
importantto
are
never
absent
on
"
"
PUBLIC
EXECUTION
OF
PUBLIC
WORK
703
the
"
of the Government
to
the best
to
advantage
of the
The
sequelto
this unsavory
in this connection.
When
is interesting
pieceof legislation
the Government
Channel
undertook
through the
to
vate
exca-
shoals of New
York
"
demonstrate
the
plan,and
interestssecured the
to
do
it. This
keen
officer,
as
his
sistant
as-
of the undertaking,appracticability
proved
of the failure of private
the strength
on
repealof the Act of 1904 and then went
the
THE
7o4
ahead
of
cost
only 4
cents
on
FORUM
the
cubic
per
and interest
expenses
on
the
of the
cost
field
tingent
con-
plant. And
yet
in
publicand
conventional
is the strange
fact,completely
hypnotize
its legislators
with their view of the
argument
of
which
has
done
influences. The
tive. The
is
there
because
argument
thingwhich
one
spoilssystem
whole
are
effective service
executingpublicwork
can
is
question.
is that it is
its extension
would
case
publicservice. It is
interests under publiccontrol
that the
at
Washington would
not
affect a dozen
of the
theyever
of railroad
would
disclose
anythingwhich
practices
justas
obnoxious
are
to
be
laid bare
it
publicdecency as
intended
to
prevent.
706
THE
purchasingits materials
of contractors.
contract
where
the
where
work
a
Then
the
and
The
is
extensive
the interposition
advantage of the
it furnishes experienceand plant
"
so
without
conclusive
one
namely that
has neither
principal
system
of
FORUM
should
"
continuous
or
have
to
as
application
the creation
justify
no
plantand operatingforce.
there is
field which
will continue
contractor
is the manufacture
of materials
for
sale,varyingall the
the gettingout of piles,
sand
or
in
use
occupiedby
publicwork.
of the
from
way
be
out
partakes somewhat
and
to
In
of chase
purservice
like
specific
gravelfor
nature
work,
particular
to absolute purchase of completed articleslike knives or
spades
without any knowledge of who the manufacturer
or
original
ducer
proof the articles is. Manifestlythe foregoingarguments
have but littleapplication
to transactions of this character.
On the other hand, in all publicwork which is uncertain
in
liable to unforeseen contingencies
to specify,
character,difficult
and probablyinvolving
less change of planduring progor
more
ress
of execution,the advantageof the direct method
is incontestable,
for it meets
the conditions of work as they arise unhampered
lead to embarrassment
by restrictionswhich inevitably
and
or
expense.
We
may
"
thus draw
of the
all public
work
two
which
our
methods
reasonable
of
"
line between'the
executingpublicwork
plication
ap-
that
"
is essentially
continuous in character,or
of
interest therein.
For
there is this
everlastingargument
in its
by
honesty" and therefore efficiency
to wrong-doingwhich
removing one of the greatest temptations
still imperilthe publicwelfare.
Consider, for example,the
almost limitless graftin municipalwork which would be extirfavor, that it promotes
"
EXECUTION
PUBLIC
OF
PUBLIC
WORK
707
so
far
as
selection of subordinates
for
responsibility
stricter holdingto
is difficultto determine
and
results. The
be
can
is concerned,and
proper
ance
bal-
correctly
adjustedonly
as
in the way
we
is
in all others of
and
ignorance,
call prejudice.Because
past
"
stacle
publicreform, the chief obthat wilfulignorancewhich
spoils
system,
the
"
because
pork barrel
system
there have been too much bureaucracy,
much
red tape, too
too
much
favoritism
much
too
we
cept
are
inelasticity,
supinelyto acthese evils as inevitable in publiclife? Not unless we
are
weaklings,
poltroonsand utterly
unworthy of the best traditions
publicbuildingssystem,
the
of the
curse
"
"
"
of
our
overcome,
There
ancestors.
and
if
we
is
not
one
note
can
be
of the progress
The
overcome.
THE
708
Alaska
the
coal
of
the
coal
did
controversy
the
of
aside
private
any
should
we
suffer
would
clearly
such
by
be
why
of
these
The
Goethals
and
has
otherwise
it has
it has
private
to
seize
of
the
to
its
these
to
coal
Of
of
of
it
the
permits
itself
fields
of
and
will
for
this
upon
the
the
mighty
people,
and
for
press
and
by
the
will
of
ment
Govern-
just
Here,
the
to
pressure
the
be
lesson
recreant
privileged
motto
ex-
features
with
but
work.
old
famous
Panama.
canal
usual
the
growth
things.
the
its various
course
real
which
at
of
terests
in-
employees,
own
it, Congress
smallest
the
its
who
pressure
manner
it is that
out
of
future
private greed;
before
canal
by
be
only
tradition
positive
with
farm
not
the
completed
brief
In
other
public through
the
sibly
pos-
All
looking
the
to
most
directly
Alaska,
people,
the
others.
There
fasten
the
operation
in
opportunities
if
the
canal
canal,
contractors.
duty
"
the
the
building
great
and
operate
built
of
to
endorsed
Roosevelt
shall
applies
of
ter
mat-
can
first, the
of
habit
our
introduced
plan
publicly
been
President
"
his
force
lay
capitalists
And
are,
the
change
argument
it.
by
position
inter-
the
at
it
as
but
which
few
the
course
second,
to
us
general
same
Colonel
and,
for
this
adopt
not
interests,
it difficult
makes
as
do
we
candidly
opportunity.
benefit
unquestionably
the
would
we
interests
be
bonanza
look
mine
exactly
case
If
only
would
course
of
deprived
would
reasons
the
isfaction
sat-
to
without
work
and
that
see
this
whatever.
moment
permanent
Government
in
the
do
agency
for
prejudices
our
and
the
to
the
it do
Let
organize
"
settled
is for
large
account.
own
Panama
at
be
can
at
country
its
on
FORUM
as
should
people."
sitism
para-
in
the
ern
gov-
WHITMAN
WALT
WITH
nov.
After
8, 1 888.
generaltalk
some
said:
Whitman, W.
"
world
The
of Emerson
"
whom
here with
toward
position
have
can
idea of the
no
in those
earlydays. I was a
all
libidinousness,
my obscenity,
the
their charges."He repeated
and his
now
me
against
feeling
bitterness of the
over
CAMDEN
Traubel
Horace
sunday,
IN
"
turned back.
Lowell
some
He
came
of
man
high
other.
standingin England Rossetti no, not Rossetti : some
I speak of was
the
the Cambridge dinner: the man
There was
of their dinner he mentioned his
principal
guest. In the course
"
"
letter
to
Lowell
me.
is?
Why
"
of low
Words
had
(he
"
like
The
"
you
rowdy, a New
places friend of
York
said,when
those,"W.
know
who
man
Whit-
tough,a loafer,a
"
and
quenter
fre-
all that.
the
was
from
'What!
Do
"
been
note
out:
deliver it!
Don't
Whitman!
called
never
who
one
delivered."
He
present
was
was
"
dent
had learned of the inci-
friendlydid
"
not
share
Lowell's
sence
feeling."He added: "This incident contained in esof the opposition
the spirit
time omnipotent."He
at one
Emerson
but he must have had it
to it,
was
sure
never
yielded
dinned into his ears.
We
much
were
pletely:
apart separatedcomI went down to Washington,to the War:
Emerson
was
in the North: years passedand we did not meet."
"
"
TUESDAY,
W.
"
There
NOV.
20.
spoke
of
was
thoughI
have
never
rabid
some
time when
did
so
; now
was
criticism of Leaves
inclined to
I have not
even
of Grass..
replyto these charges,
the disposition
to do
"
not
It's from
he said:
Rossetti,"
*
Commenced
"
I've been
in the October
70Q
readingit over:
number.
Wil-
liam
Rossetti
genial winsome
"
treasurable
easily
enjoyit again." When
describing
moonlight walks he interrupted
me:
fine
so
"
alone
up
with
things overflowing
italoud: I
Read
so
FORUM
THE
710
bringsback
my
own
walks
as
am
now:
"
to
I got
can
fine! he
undyingdays: theymake
hungry. Do you sometimes
quality.
me
me
to
Oh!
sage
pas-
that's
the walks
hungry,tied
hunger? the desire for the dirt? to get out of doors, into the
woods, on the roads? to roll in the grass: to cry out: to play
tom-fool
with
in
yourself
Do
feel that?
you
If you do
then you too can understand what Rossetti
understand the open-air
can
thingsthat I have tried to
"
in
SpecimenDays."
to
He
must
passage
"
every
word:
have broken
I went
on
me
you
which
treatment
say
your
about
poems
the
he listened
There
in American
to W.'s position
referringspecially
What
"
forth
set
stillaloud, and
reading,
listened and
in upon
means
and
insulting
continue
to
in fact
was
one
opinion.
ungrateful
receive in America
is
"
"
bad
ness
offence : but others accept and exalt you with all readiand I think I may
of love and delight,
safelysay that it is
and
an
WALT
WITH
have in their
these who
such
for
matters
"
said:
W.
Rossetti is
or
not
be
to
makes
me
Rossetti fires up
"
future of
711
Englishopinionon
he talks of
when
magnificently
Whether
me.
voice in the
own
America
I don't.
knows?
has her
is
right
Rossetti sounds
matter
has thundered
"
silent about me
in a
contemptuously
America
makes
setti
misunderstood.
me
proud: Roshumble: I stand for myself:for the Leaves
been
or
"
NOV.
WEDNESDAY,
who
right
must
CAMDEN
years to come."
some
: yet America
right
againstme
way
holdingthe
attitude toward
the American
IN
WHITMAN
of themselves."
care
21.
I described an ardent
quitetalkative. Got on politics.
Republican(a graduateof Yale) I had met yesterday:antiW.
Chinese, anti-Southern: anti-Free-trade: anti-emigration.
That comprehensively
of
struck.
the case
states
very much
the Republicanparty,"he said: "It is typical:
it shows the
W.
"
dominant
if I do
forces here
in the North:
despiseit."
the writing
habits
Discussing
of
not
have
caughtmuch
spur of the
moment.
it to work:
when
stopped: that
of his poems
the
on
FRIDAY,
W.
case
been written
usual
and go
sense
"
of doors.
out
"
: never
I
the
on
driven
task, then I
habit."
alwaysmy
"
method:
my
forced my mind
writingbecame
never
always the
was
has
it tired,when
had
NOV.
of
mainly been
fly:
thingsas theycome
I have
studypiecesin the
were
None
Many
of them
of that word."
23.
in
Washington.
"
lows
I liked all the fel-
:
good terms with them : the Attorney-General
and Stansberywas
friend of mine
a
a
Stansberyparticularly:
Western man
the lawyerwho was
closest to the President in the
impeachmenttrial." This gave a new direction to his thought.
was
"
on
"
"
"
There
who
of
"
was
group
of
felt,insisted upon
Johnsonwas
"
"
But
O'Connor
it,from
mistake."
Yes," he said:
us
the
was
not
was
another
"
I put in:
theydid
one,
"
see
THE
712
FORUM
"
able
impeachmentthen." Yet he thoughtit remarkthe Republicanparty men
how independent
of those days
revolt at thingsthen which now
: they would
were
they would
swallow without a grimace." I said: "There
was
something
lackingin Johnson:what was it? what we may call fine instincts,
W. took up the thread with emphasis: It is
high motives?
hot for
were
"
he
true:
not
was
bad
say
"
common
he
man:
Yet
"
there
brains: I should
he
knowingly,bad:
deliberately,
"
brains,without conscience."
without
was
somethingin Johnson
was
which
he in
without
was
instincts which
"
"
"
"
"
of
him
which
reserve,
unknown
always stood
Johnson: there
to
"
him."
Yet
regardedas
in
not
was
"
Then
occasions,needs, men."
Lincoln's supreme
good stead,was
a
shred
or
trace
quality
of it in
impeachment stillbe
"
NOV.
24.
SATURDAY,
W.
spoke of immortalityas
reflected
by
modern
writers,
chiefly
Tennyson. At his feet on the floor was Casar, which
he had been lookingat again,and the Bible open at Job. He
did not look bright,
he. He said:
to
nor
was
Tennyson seems
of modern
ennui
the blue devils that
the great expression
me
"
"
of them
one
every
perhapsnever
half-gloom
"
"
faith.
not
It is
civilization. It is the
afflict
modern
not
latent there
introduced
even
a
note
"
but
"
alwayspresent, never
seem
missed:
but there.
absolute,not convinced,
lifemay
"
but
thingof itself,
There
are
many
to
whom
of modern
do not believe this is an
men
seeing,largest-hoping
end-up this life a closing : rather," With my friend,Mrs.
blessed the earth,
of the sanest
souls that ever
one
Gilchrist,
"
"
am
sure,
"
while
not
formulating
anything(takeTennyson,Car-
THE
714
the immense
cities,
FORUM
of
accumulations
peoples,the squalidpoverty:
the danger of our
experiment:hunger: madness to make
whatever
happens: to be skilfully
pilotedthrough if we
money
to come
out safe."
are
finally
NOV.
TUESDAY,
27.
Emerson
its
"
and
"
mentioned.
was
and
plentiful
forth
so
"
the pure
If O'Connor
"
spoke of O'Connor.
his
"
power."
find Emerson
would
W.
below
can
stylist
But
know."
He
priestback in
extreme
noble, lofty,
personality
is
been
had
Peter
a
veritably
full of
most
the Hermit,
ing.
mean-
Luther."
"
is expresses
point, O'Connor
lectual
intela
positive,
powerful overwhelming expresser:
rather with
oh ! superbly
intellectual! yet moving men
emotional,the sympathetic an equipmentin him unparalleled,
I believe,
born
in these days." Yet, warrior as he was
another
at
"
"
the
how
O'Connor
Before
the mark.
ever
thought,speech,action,the deepest,the
"
see
easily
can
"
"
"
warrior, born
"
capable of
power,
but
the
he
"
weapons
even
possibility
was
of
emphasis,indignation
burstinginto
never
O'Connor's
"
tempestuous
with
crowd
overmastering
an
club,a battle-axe.
fine,delicate,but keen
were
of
appreciation
of
the
tesy,"
cour-
"
subtle,past
ordinaryliterary
mind."
Of
Edward
attitude toward
Carpenter's
is a dangerous experiment
"
doubtful
am
could handle
said: "I
Carpenterhe
whether
am
much
interested in
justright:yet it
perilous
impeachment:one which
than Carpenter
of less ability
science: it
a
man
seems
doing: for
FRIDAY,
W.
"
NOV.
to
science looked
first:it must
comes
was
all. I say
at
not
ride
at
from
final
placessomehow
it comes
first."
30.
the bed.
lyingon
stillweak
"
stillfar
He
admitted
gone."
He
that he
turned
was
to me
better,but
after he had
got
from
whacks,
I call
as
me
them,
"
friends
"
I have
which
to
715
all of them
"
CAMDEN
IN
his chair:
comfortablyfixed in
understand
to
WHITMAN
WALT
WITH
these
subject
been
last
during
hardy some
I might have
'
known
In fibre,muscle,
superbly
"
no
"
Then
so."
more
me.
the War.
came
youthfulenthusiasm
no
necessary:
from
went
started
His
Deliberate?
"
secration
con-
ebullition of
mere
no
"
fundamental.
radical,
spiritsbut deliberate,
than that: it was
myself
see
in physical
equipment,I
organically:
one
was
or
would
"
two
the call of
more
something
explainwhat
somethingI could
something,I cannot
for good or bad he
could not pause
not disregard."Whether
critter which
There's somethingin the human
to weigh it."
onlyneeds to be nudged to reveal itself:somethinginestimably
not alwaysobserved: it is a folded leaf: not
precious:
eloquent,
the right
absent because we fail to see it: the rightman
comes
of the War
hour: the leaf is lifted." This experience
not
was
of
all as simplyphysical." Think of the emotional outpourings
then calculate rethose years: what theymean
to others,to me:
sults:
within
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
few
"
what
results must
who
at
pointof
the
realized
outset
"
weakness."
accrued."
have
The
"
He
was
the vital
of the
"one
the real
danger
"
of citylife populations,
the
: knew
mysteries
perturbations
rough elements what they stood for: what might be apprehended
from them: there in Brooklyn,New
York, through
the
"
"
many,
years:
many
on
came
the
quitewell recognized
and
not
alone in New
onlycommenced
"
for
outcome
one
to
feel
of that
of
preservation
"
"
stood:
feared,under-
very
had been
the
war
"
"
escaped in those
Victoria
saved
us
had
years.
for the
dangers,horrors:
she
nationality:
well:
as
hotbeds of dissent."
stronglygratefulto
"
our
West, the
realize what
struggle
be
to
powers
the War
then."
good
the
finally
He
had
THE
716
"
thoughtto put
often
It seemed
fullyconscious
who
chose
publicmen
by those
our
Later
educe
most
the
often talked it
commonplace
"
to
one
any-
"
what
say I have
cannot
serious
of
position
two
againstit,my
of any
had
sort
"
no
"
"
"
years and
more
for it,
contempt
statisticaltable
it is the
to
atmosphere
"
the
more
of it: for
treatment
stronger." He
argument
The
been readinganything
on
recently
conviction
yet my
formal
we
rate, O'Connor
I think of tection,
proconvinced I am, the clearer my mind becomes,
hollow pretence, fraud,humbug, of our
litical
po-
stronger and
grows
"
don't
our
"
any
who
"
it
-all know
subject-any
not
know
"
at
I say:
it had become
Now
more
life. I
I have
and
me:
"
that it is the
the
deter
not
such
wrote
you
laughed: "I
He
spoke of protection.
he
the
do?"
to
"
"
If
quizzically:
O'Connor
the time."
at
over
faction."
satis-
own
know:
like his
I asked
acknowledge."
thing,what would
to
is
this on
with the
myselfsquare
FORUM
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
make
MONDAY,
W.
ambition,freedom; it is madness
protectionnot
extreme
"
madness
to
reach
alone: it goes
either,
DEC.
was
3.
much
"
interested that
Verestchaginwas
expectedin
who
one
has
much
so
IN
WHITMAN
WALT
WITH
values
"
CAMDEN
717
thoughtit
He
unprophesiable."
all
"
America.
seen
No,
no,
no
they come
This
all far,far,impossibly,
cut off who
they are
to
is the America
club America
wherein
best of your
this America?
But
which
greatness is attested:
our
historic
places,have
by
such
Look,
says:
that
see
fine dinners
"
pathway.
see,
too,
we
think
as
serve,
ob-
the
plate,finger-
full dress,ten
rich foods,silver tureens, ladies,
bowls, hangings,
thousand
music:
jewels,
with
The
too
we
tinction
have these historic places share their dis"
average
him.
"
him
"authentic
this: the
rest
blank
was
to
was
But what
I learned
dinner
metropolitan
lifeof New
with
York
believed:
swell
City. It seems
Jackson,so
their minds
"
and
story whose
scene
all hands
"
made
"
up
that
a dinner,a big
theywould givehim a reception,
other society.Everything
some
splurge:
Tammany, Cincinnati,
affair was
to be sumptuous, overwhelming. The
was
duly prepared:
over."
W.
here
that
the
suggested
Jacksoncame
story
"not so importantin itself" as for "what
it hinted of":
was
then went
with a friend who drew him
on
to say Jacksonwas
aside and said:
Now, Jackson,this is an elaborate dinner: we
to do the best we
want
can
by you : have you any delicacy,
any
favorite dish
affect or desire?
anythingwhich you particularly
"
"
What
is submitted
to
your
choice."
own
finally
says simply: I don't know:
what can I specify?Perhaps some
Rice and
rice and milk."
milk!
of all thingsto be thoughtof, if thoughtof at all,"W.
remarked:
the last thing,with that elaborate kitchen in the
the guests about
the expectationwould be the rice and
rear
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
THE
718
milk!'
had
W.
him."
Had
he
studied
"
of that
out
man
first considered
the
"
dared
"
like
Oh!
yes
simpleman."
very
"
This
one
formal, conventional,everywhere
be
to
story seemed
Jackson?
to me
significance
mass
"
"
Jackson was
great
so
"that
Jackson
known
personally
ever
story had
FORUM
plain,himself,frugal,
perfectly
hopeful."
"
the
quoted Henry George as calling
Jefferson among
greatest of the great." W. said: "Yes, greatest of the great:
that
names
him:
it belongsto him:
DEC.
6.
THURSDAY,
W.
spoke of
Edward
he is entitled to it."
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
What
would
"
this life
of
out
come
"
to
yet
was
be
"
said:
to
anyone,
notes
"
go
gradualgrowth of the
"
It
the bull
take
on
barrier."
him
to
do
by the horns
hook:
own
your
rightfor
was
to
power
the
at
"
"
Beecher
nature
almost
said
once
from
start:
discard the
be discovered
it cannot
notes.
so:
Again:
speak without
the
to
too
soon
speakingwithout
me:
'I thank
the firstpossessed
me
my
of
This is the
speak freely.'
ized
realknow
speakers:I never
such readiness,alertness,
that I could
conclusion of all men
it myself
never
"
to go
over
who
speak or
I know
now
but if I had
"
the
path
bad
DEC.
failure
off
said
had
so
rich
most
all my
read
must
plodding
Turgenieff
from
"
I honor
it
the
nature
an
"
"
no
immense
great
by
cord
side
relieve
said:
He
what
it
another
unites
vehement
to
the
I
:
with
the
sty.
first energy
us
monkish
But
be
concluded)
had
fered
suf-
little for:
myself
not
is
the
ting
get-
Tolstoy
back
gone
to
Tolstoy.
ways
rites:
driving
one:
He
very
I find
Tolstoy
purpose."
( To
it seemed
to
some
has
but
Turgenieff
but
of
along
in that
care
in
spite
that
"
reverted
philosophy;
him
alone
"Even
was
reward:
my
volumes
which
critic
this
in
so,
its dulness."
from
comes
saturninity of
return
get
He
had
never
feeling
"
it of
Tolstoy
to
it
three
translations."
which
the
to
"
to
least
at
tried
Karenina
that
"
him:
to
big in bulk
was
"fitfully."
end
my
cut
failed
I know
"
to
been
ascetic
an
book
have
imbecile
There's
has
the
"
had
time:
book
would
"
been
distinguished
best
with
I
out
the
at
some
"
through
would
truth
eventuated:
there
me
it
Tolstoy's
was
went
"
the
nothing
to
this
persisted
somewhere
with
has
Anna
"
much,
say:
He
of
much
stuff
them
in the
myself,
that
"
of
somewhere
heard
not
original."
One
still: wrestled
I had
task:
"
books.
Tolstoy.
how
miserable
the
'
know
I could
this
to
wretched
most
these
downstairs
I have
such
of
some
owing
transcripts of
as
us
"
read
"
on
is
me
the
confident:
palmed
to
impress
to
"
not
in his translators:
unfortunate
been
did
felt he
W.
Tolstoy.
has
"Tolstoy
am
forensically in
been
always
719
9.
I mentioned
CAMDEN
myself."
way
SUNDAY,
his
I have
studies.
first of
the
among
IN
WHITMAN
WALT
WITH
to
evalism
medi-
return
world
to
force
fulfilment
of
PATRIOTISM
IN
ENGLAND
Sydney
AND
AMERICA
Brooks
ON
of wreaths
Scores
and
crosses
distributed round
were
the base
of the column.
the
lasting
Capetown sent an anchor fashioned out of everflowers. From Esquimaultcame
a giant
maple leaf,with
Far-away stations in
rose, shamrock, and thistle entwined.
New
personalstillwere
onlyless splendidthan
than the Victoryherself.
names
recalling
less famous
no
the
at
attempt
any
Elsewhere
Liverpool the
wreaths
and
of
Nelson
streamers
board
adorned
the
The
crowd
gazed
decorated
at
their way.
imposingcharacter.
more
At
with
flags,
from the trainingships,
and contingents
monument
display.On
foughtunder Nelson,
his and men-of-war
only
There were
no
speeches,
the offerings
had
further demonstration.
heaped-upmemorials
forwarded
was
seamen
the
Victoryat
and yard-arms,
masts
a
wreath
was
placed
flown.
The
anchor,lyingon
Victory's
decorated, the
paraded,and
there
too
from
men
"
God
Southsea
Save
the
King
beach,was
barracks
"
was
sung.
ilarly
simwere
But
column, the
THE
722
vociferous.
FORUM
Within
if belated,feeling
for the past. We
Nelson's death commemorated
with
have
the centenary of
seen
uniqueunanimityand
im-
We
have seen
Leagues and Societies of all kinds
pressiveness.
into active and fruitful life to familiarize the people
springing
with the responsibilities
of Empire. We
have seen
a more
or
less concerted effort to imperialize
education. We
have seen
in
the growth of the movement
for setting
aside Queen Victoria's
tempt
birthdayas an Imperialfestival a sustained and methodical atthe Empire a vital and realized part of the
to make
national consciousness.
But with it all we
in the
we
sense
have
so
still,
as
deficient
people,singularly
and prideof history.It is partly,
no
doubt, because
behind us, because our
much history
annals are so
are
feel that if we
where
partlyalso because, as
the Crown
for
lead in all
formal
started
begin or where
to
is natural
monarchy,Englishmenhave
once
to
to
to
brate
celeleave
peopleliving
ing
got into the habit of lookof pageantry and
discontinued the habit of
matters
throughout. What
civiqueis a regularpart
the age of eleven boys and
is called instruction
From
IN
PATRIOTISM
ENGLAND
AND
AMERICA
bilities,
publicand private.Every child is made
the
machineryof
her
and the
colonies,
sons
and
names
thus
are
her citizens. In
both
government,
not
Greeks
young
forever
every
upon
or
familiar with
in France
of her
ought to
educate young
Romans."
In
in
tinguishe
dis-
acceptedand
we
and
most
State has
"
is habitually
taughtas
home
achievements
kept
Germany
at
723
of
acted
mans,
Ger-
America, again,patriotism
school
subject.An American
boy of ten knows the words and tunes of more
patriotic
songs
than an Englishman hears in a lifetime. Nothing is more
terestin
inthan to go into one of the public
schools of New
York
Cityjustwhen the children are assembling.You will find them
formation.
marshalled in the playgroundin semi-military
They
off to their classrooms
march
above
to
martial air.
In each classroom
and
hangs the Stars and Stripes,
repeat
some
such
vow
as
this:
"
pledgemy
hold
begins,
flashing
eyes
to this
allegiance
has yet
seen.
England
we
have
THE
724
For the
part when
FORUM
talk of the
Flag
beingtoo sacred
emblem
to float from the top of a school building,
an
and when
ridiculethe idea of havingthe Empire and patriotism
and the
we
obligationsof citizenship
taught in the classroom,we are, I
think, deceivingourselves. Repressingthe patriotic
emotions
drive them deeper,but it may
also drive them out.
By
may
with an excited turn
teaching
patriotism
you may train up Jingoes
for flag-waving.
to a looker-on,has been parThat, as it seems
tially
the case
in America, where patriotism
is too often confounded
with a rhetorical attitude toward the Flag and where
sentimental vaporingsand self-laudations are
apt to take the
the other hand,
on
placeof deeds. By not teachingpatriotism,
most
we
as
you may
a
away
avoided
the firstdanger in
avoided
the second.
the book
of
At
England.
not
am
as
so
sure
we
Englishboy
rule
at
Waterloo
have
closes
"
at
the age of fourteen or so, and there is littleto lead him to reopen
it in later life. It is quitepossible
for him to go through
hearingthe British
Empire mentioned, and stillless expounded,by his teachers.
of a community,that between himself and
That he is a member
of debts to
that community there will some
day arise a question
ated
be paidand services rendered,that citizenship
oughtto be associwith duties,
that he is the heir to an Imperialheritageof
when
of all this,
unexampledextent and terrible responsibilities
he leaves school, the average
Englishboy has but the haziest
notion of
realization. He is left to pickup as best he can some
his place in the State and of the placeof his country in the
is that he usually
The consequence
scheme of world-politics.
telligent,
is uninformed, uninpicksup no notion at all,that his patriotism
of
and that his sense
unproductiveand undisciplined,
pride of ownership.
Empire is limited to a vague spectacular
The
nation on whose shoulders lie the heaviest responsibilities
the whole
of his school
career
without
once
"
that
any
peoplehave
yet borne
for the
equip her sons
Most Englishmen know
task
of
makes
little or
dischargingthem
nothingof
the
no
attempt
to
intelligently.
Constitution of their
PATRIOTISM
IN
ENGLAND
AND
AMERICA
725
country until
"
of
more
that Angloa
Kipling,
suspicion
Indians are overpaid,
miscellany
and, in the background,an undigested
of jungles,
frontier wars,
famines,white
jewels,tigers,
yond
Few get betemples,disordered livers,and Russian intrigues.
this first stage of casual assimilation. Few Englishmen
take the trouble to form any clear idea of the work that is being
done in their name
between the Himalayas and Cape Comorin.
into the principles
and actual workingsof the
Fewer stillinquire
British Raj, or are
acquaintedwith even the alphabetof the
thousand and one
fascinating
problemsthat confront the rulers
of Englishof that most fascinating
men
country. For the great mass
India that is not particularly
or
an
particularly
spectacular,
dia
harassed by Russia or revolution,
is an Inat war,
or
particularly
far from sayingthat this indifference
that is franklydull. I am
It is quitepossible
is altogetheran unhealthysymptom.
for a democracyto be too interested in,and to know too much
alien races; and an im-.
over
about, the details of its rulership
of a
in such matters
might easilyprove more
politic
curiosity
than a safeguardto the Empire. I can
menace
hardly,indeed,
conceive anythingmore
disastrous than a British Parliament in
which every Member
fancied himself an
authority on India.
of blank apathy and
But between this extreme
and its opposite
that would not
a mean
ignorancethere is surelya happy mean
a
few convictions
Calcutta,some
as
to
Mr.
"
"
"
726
THE
FORUM
what
holds
the
get sectarianism
to
as
is trained in
boy who
theologydoes
well
was
would
the normal
holds
the
And
recognizedplacein
out
British dominions.
to
of them.
get
whole, as
After all,a
become
necessarily
not
man
portant
im-
who
bigot;and
necessarily
developinto
not
the
on
me,
To
either
Chauvinist
or
meddler.
It will be
arouse
or
from
seen
task before
difficult
in
To
and
processions
"
October
the great
21
was
of
masses
I witnessed
reallymore
significant
Englishmenparadesand
memorial
to
England has
TrafalgarSquare on
than itseemed.
endeavors
set
orations in honor,
item in
as
next
read.
year.
The
Americans
in
on
Englishmen.
struggleon
the
morning'spapers,
For
one
To
dismissed from
this moment
scale and
are
with
gather the
sentimental
the mind
over
have them
the
scene
soon
events
accessories that
of that
veterans
solemnlymarch
up to
one
as
the
recalling
to
opposinglines,
at
publicit is merely a
"
which
simply
gigantic
them
up
another
that is an
Englishmencan
incapableof
only gasp. They are themselves temperamentally
tion.
themselves as takingpart in such a demonstraeven
conceiving
There is nothingthat separates England and America, or
England and Ireland,so much as the fact that the Americans and
cans
If Ameriand the Englishhave none.
the Irish have memories
owned the British Empire, life in Great Britain would be
one
perpetualround of publicfestivities. We should have a
Canada
Day and an Australia Day and a Day for every other
should live againin the brave days of
part of the Empire; we
of Wellingtonand Chatham,
and Peninsula wars,
the Crimean
of Agincourtwould
of Marlborough and Drake; the anniversary
at
PATRIOTISM
be
IN
and
festival;
recurring
crazy
once
in such
matters
AND
a
over
For Americans
do
ENGLAND
are
year
won
us
not
as
AMERICA
727
should go cally
automatithe possession
of India.
we
we
Englishare.
They
"
"
of them
in their ardor
to emphasizewhatever
pieces
celebrating.
to
to
be
this absence
Unquestionably
occasion
blow
theymay
selves
them-
happen
Imperialrace.
it argues a lack of the historical imagination
and
Unquestionably
lowers the standard of enlightened
patriotism.But it has also
side. It saves
the Englishfrom
obverse and not displeasing
an
for the thingitself.
the pitfall
of mistaking
the show of patriotism
international
It has also the effect of forestalling
many
bitternesses and robbingthe past of all itssting.No nation is so
the Englishof keepinga grudge alive. No nation
as
incapable
futile antipathies.
No nalittleof its time nourishing
wastes
tion
so
is so readyto forgetand forgiveor so willingly
allows the
mellowing hand of time the fullest play. What Polyphontes
could
Arnold's fine dramatic poem
says to Merope in Mathew
be said to or of England:
never
"
sought thee,Merope;
As
By
sad
Englishequipmentas
have
ever
found
observances
mournful
feud
and
I find
an
thee
thus,
thee ;'bent to keep,
public grief,
alive, which
'
else
would
die."
what has
the contrary, the way in which England ignores
"
volve
make
at times to inthingsup " seems
passed and rushes to
On
THE
728
press and
man
Africa,struck
German
good
FORUM
statesmen
on
the British
in South
arms
many
"
the
event
"
to my
mind, was the firstthat was ever held in
interesting,
England. I do not know the date,nor who had the hardihood
how the occasion was
looked upon by current
to suggest it,
nor
English opinion. But from that beginningmuch has sprung;
and
July the Fourth has become an Anglo-American festivity;
tory,
the triumphsof their hiswho never
the English,
commemorate
in
make
annual pointof joiningwith the Americans
an
its greatest disaster.
celebrating
The situation,
when you stop, which nobody ever
does, to
is seen
Such a spectacle
think of it,is rather an odd one.
as
of Englishmen honoringWashingtwice every year in London
ton's
IndependenceDay would be flatly
birthdayand celebrating
ing
anywhere else. Do you ever hear of Austrians bandimpossible
togetherto celebrate Kossuth's memory? Are Cavour and
most
Garibaldi honored
national heroes
birth of Bolivar?
Gomez
rank
names
in Vienna?
of Russia?
A
hundred
Does
years
Is Walewski
Madrid
hence
one
of the
the
commemorate
will
Aguinaldo and
Canovas
or
Sa-
THE
730
York
would
regard
dare
it
say
American
of
it.
attack
this
at
much
every
and
and
chair,
of
that
the
well
might
English
of
replies
some
character.
with
of
the
the
on
that
British
this,
or
derive
singular
and
sure,
that
once
Society
in
Society
in
from
guests,
the
over
be
the
interesting
dent
inci-
other
any
to
would
in
the
balance
Americans
would
be
to
celebration
Press,
some
Ambassador
among
Canada
there
London
American
international
American
the
fact
George's
Americans
prominent
Americans
value
the
the
of
American
Suppose
St.
of
instance,
the
in
serve.
Anglo-American
keep
of
All
the
invasion
to
failure
the
for
Washington,
"
prominent
annual
help
reading;
of
of
somewhat
exhilarating
will
example
banquet,
American
comments
worth
sidelight
the
the
The
uneven.
give
an
it
but
Anglo-
two
or
Hospital
Day
the
one
Revolution.
the
Empire
on
the
reversed,
had
the
Chelsea
in
upon,
plenty
inaugurate
and
but
emulating
should
collapse
go
of
burning
the
captured
discover
cal
histori-
are
completely
Americans
mention
to
in
say
"
York,
London,
the
to
year
New
not
be
to
Alabama,
moment
eagles
not
the
There
parts.
not
which
the
was
of
the
possible
in
Canada,
on
American
is
be
There
cruise
the
are
would
of
could
parts
encounters
worst
and
reversal
the
why
reasons
FORUM
little
the
less
tions,
invita-
remarkably
episode
aspect
of
"
ZONES"
QUIET
Isaac
Mrs.
is
THERE
which,
to
up
SCHOOLS
L.
Rice
importantfeature
most
FOR
the
present, has
of school-sanitation
not
been
recognized,
from
the young
namely,the urgent need of protecting
effect of outside noise,which, by renderingconcenthe injurious
tration
increases the mental effort requiredfor schooldifficult,
the physical
tasks,and by preventingfree ventilation,
menaces
of the child. This is a matter
and so farso
well-being
grave
reachingin its consequences, that its utter neglectis littleshort
of incredible.
However,
and
Boards
the educational
endorsed
be necessary
the
heads
of seventy citieshave
action
energetic
plan,so
that
York
desires
if New
to
siastically
enthu-
will
ably
prob-
ing
take the lead in draw-
the United
their
growth, it is predictedthat
as
has been
it will be
the
of
rapidity
surpassedby
that of
the School-Zones.
had
occasion
of
From
of
years
to
ago, while
visit many
schools and
to
astonished
to
address
tens
sands
of thou-
preventablenoise
was
which
penetratedthe
731
discover the
class-rooms
amount
and
the
THE
732
FORUM
In most
children seemed
were
from
entering
closed and the
tightly
dull and
earnestness
the
sickened those
utter
to
unventilated
to
obtain
even
moderate
noises of traffic,
the cries and instruments of street-hawkers and
reports
were
the second
by the Department
of Education, which further aided our efforts by a recommendation
be
of Superintendents
that representations
of its Board
less
made
authorities to order
to the noiseto the municipal
repairs
our
and
Society
two
"
"
to
"
or
replaced
by asphalt
then made
to
rendered
appropriations
urgentlyneeded.
limited
the relief so
The
next
step
was
to
ascertain whether
"
covering
Appealswere
but, unfortunately,
subject,
slow
and
difficult
was
principals
"
ZONES"
QUIET
FOR
SCHOOLS
733
the
from
but in many
schools the
principals,
in some
even
cases
teachers,too, added their appeals,and
the children wrote
to me,
deploringthe conditions under which
compelledto work. From all of these I shall quote
theywere
because they express so touchingly
the distress endured
freely,
and also the hope that relief might be vouchsafed them.
from
noises
Both teachers and pupilssuffer grievously
and distract their minds.
their work
The
that interrupt
received
replies
"
"
"
noisystreet.
increased
us
by the
in our
seriously
so
great that
writingour
have been
we
directions
consequence."
another, realize the
by teachingin
tension under
nervous
numerous
which
Sometimes
compelledto
we
labor is
to
the
It does
terially
ma-
noises which
these have
resort
the blackboards.
on
facingon
room
unnecessary
work.
"
schools,"wrote
outside of the
"Few
der
hin-
been
so
expedientof
not
seem
reasonable
un-
and
pupils."
"
To
would
say that
be
teach from
"
nine
the din is
to
are
in
three where
the
talkingon
Of
course,
most
of my
In
ears
to
roar
fic
of traf-
medical
throat,necessitating
the teachers' welfare
of the time
beingdue
loud
treatment:
considered,
generally
the
make
must
to speak above
and injures
the sense
of hearing.
taxes
tion
under a physician's
care, the condiis
not
'
we
constant
and nerve-wrecking."
terrific,
nerve-racking
there is a
Many
11
we
to
ear-strain alone."
reportedthat
four teachers
were
THE
734
FORUM
As
the
children,
they were
nest
sweetlyear-
:
"
appealto
calamity."
"
and
you
beg you
to
helpus
out
of this everlasting
must
onlyme
this
importantmatter."
The following,
asked
numerouslysignedby a class of girls,
relief from the annoyance
caused by a cobble-stone pavement
which passedmuch heavy traffic:
The rolling
and rumblingof trucks never
It
ceases.
be imaginedunder what discomfort we
have to labor
easily
for
over
"
can
in such circumstances.
if the windows
were
there would
no
be
teachers.
our
pupiland
cannot
rooms
be well
for
ventilated,
Even
teacher
Our
be
to
closed it is necessary
for
repeat
heard."
It
to
me
was
firstawakened
althoughthe majorityof
noisyclass-rooms suffered subconsciously
the
were
many
others who
were
of the cause
of their suffering.
Stillanother point
aware
acutely
the children was
concerning
broughtout by one of the teachers.
where noise and loud talking
Coming from surroundings
school should be a placeof peace, where theywill
are
universal,
onlyhear well-modulated voices and will be expectedto use the
Instead of this,
to. yell
at each
same.
we
are
obligedpractically
other and even
to speakmore
to ask the girls
borhood
loudly.In a neighunderfed and poorlyclad,
like this where the pupils,
quent
frenoises are
street
are
apt to displaysignsof nervousness,
"
causes
In respect to the
wholly coveringthe
*
it may
passing,
of heavy wheels
striking
roar
In
and
rumble
that hitherto no
factors,rough pavements,
disturbing
*
between
as
street
or
only partially
on
these
car-
proceeding from
either
"
ZONES"
QUIET
FOR
SCHOOLS
735
for most
apparentlyresponsible
of the distress. On this point,
seeminglyin accord,
everyone was
down to our youngfrom the President of Columbia University
est
correspondent.
terest
I am
glad indeed to assure
very
you of my personalinin your undertaking
around the
to providea quietzone
have alreadydone for the hospitals,"
schools of the city,
as you
I only wish it might be
Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler.
wrote
for you to include in your beneficence higherinstitutions
possible
would be grateful
for a quiet
of learning.We in particular
ment
paveAmsterdam
Avenue that would prevent the interruption
on
follows from the increasingly
work
which now
to our
heavy
trafficon that street, which is paved with Belgianblocks."
tracks
or
near
"
"
Traffic
noises,of
course,
be
must
considered
with
those
bance
though to these we must add the disturof car-gongs, the pounding
caused by the needless clanging
of trolleys
over
loosely
jointedtracks,the generalout-of-repairof the car-mechanism,the constant
ness
honking of auto-horns,
of
and the yells
of drivers to their horses. As for the number
to
teams
passingbefore the various schools it is difficulteven
hazard a guess, but the fact that thirty
thousand pass Broadway
and Greenwich
Street daily,
would seem
to indicate that surprisingly
largenumbers must go by many of our schools in the
credit
congesteddown-town districts. We can therefore readily
the statement
of a principal
ers
that she was
unable to assignteachthough
than one
to rooms
term, alfacingon the street for more
the street was
in quitegood condition.
Indeed it seems
shall have
probablethat,until warning-signs
been erected by ordinance,and until traffic,
when
practicable,
of
stone
pavements,
the principalof
of our
two
schools,might well be quoted. This school runs
one
largest
feet alonga street on which car-tracks are laid. Although the cars
fifty
has just repaved
storage batteries and not horses as the motive power, the company
hundred
use
between
and
deadeningmaterial.
"On
in the
Street
rooms
on
some
on
has
not
covered
or
them
have
with
any
the windows
soundopen
asphaltwould eliminate allthis noise." Many similar lettershave reached us, illustrating
this tendency of drivers to select the noisiest part of the street.
Undoubtedly former
President
Ahearn
correct
in statingthat althoughthe trucking interests
was
Borough
clamorous
for stone pavements, they always desert them for parallel
are
streets,
asphalted
but nevertheless the fact remains that on these otherwise smooth streets they will always
select if possible
a stone strip
alongwhich they can noisilyrun.
THE
73^
shall have
been diverted
will continue
from
pass
to
avenue
front of the
and
hear
we
"
of
which
cars
uninterruptedly
clangingtheir
fail to blow their horns in
never
street-cleaners whose
tones
heavilyladen
present
which
of
building,"
roared in stentorian
other
At
avenue
"
gongs," of automobiles
11
to
suffer.
to
FORUM
as
thoughthe
passage
of
"
beasts
poor
order is
every
ally
actu-
were
and
whistling,
calling
yelling."
Then
also
the complaintswere
regards noisy " neighbors,"
as
In
quitenumerous.
was
by
venders
street
the
Another
and stables,and
garages
of vehicles
where
infested the
who
fifth was
cars.
of
garages
line of
abounded, the
trolley
surrounded
was
to
the
In stillanother
almost unbearable.
was
hood;
neighbor-
street
turned
was
pair
re-
borhood
neighinto
est
the noisihuge repairshop,and there,undisturbed by the police,
kinds of work
school-windows.
Other
taxi-cab stations
and
carried
were
as
on
for hours,
rightunder
the
principals
reportedfactories,car-barns
whose noise was
unpleasantneighbors,
deplored.
for the annoyance
of street
peddlersand cash-clo'es men,
As
cart
singersand musicians,pushbands
German
and
Italian
aside
from
them.
ragmen,
And
these
children
to
study
However,
knowing
possess
are
"
our
shame
if there is even
that others
are
which
we
force
our
be it said!
miserable
sort
of satisfaction in
equallyunfortunate, New
York
may
it,for from citiesin the East and from citiesin the West,
THE
738
all
rough pavements
and
FORUM
the substitution of
sound-deadening
material,wood
as
cation
indi-
should
shockingpublicindifference. Loose track-joints
of
be made good, curves
and the starting
should be keptgreased,
from the barn with a poundingflatwheel should be made
a car
finable offence. Fourth,the passage of an ordinance creating
a
with rapid
would do away
School-Zones,and its enforcement,
the cries of hucksters,the blowing of auto-horns,and all
driving,
due largelyto ignorance of the
those other noises which are
of a school-building,
and which could be stoppedby
presence
that needless racket would
the erection of warning signsstating
be punished. As regards protective
ordinances,two concerning
of
the distance
at
which
street
must
remain
from
When,
considered,the
care
new
structures
is
to
be
as
quietsites. Side streets should be preferredto avenues,
of future car-tracks. No
less likely
to be disturbed by the laying
feet of
hundred
should be erected within two
school-buildings
of
"
ZONES"
QUIET
FOR
SCHOOLS
739
and
erected
the
once
shelteringnoisy occupations,
all disturbing
trades being
neighborhoodshould be restricted,
of open
forced to seek other sites. If possible,
certain amount
a
each new
not
school-building,
space should be allowed around
only for the sake of lightand avoidance of street clamor, but
is
whose onlyexercise-ground
also as a playgroundfor the child,
the path of the auto and the trolley.
usually
of
connected with school-buildings
There is stillone
subject
cial
which a few words might be said,and that is the system of artifi-
those
"
Of
ventilation.
which
this,one
hears
"
much, and
is invariably
broughtto the
it is
fore,when
an
ment
argu-
the
question
disprovethe
of school noises is
the objectbeing to
discussed,
need of intervention for the sake of the child,since
with
even
abundant
an
"
"
where
be
it is undesirable
to
open
not
seem
to
lation
It is more
and less simplethan ventisatisfactory.
expensive
of windows.
by means
Why cannot our publicschools be
placedand built that windows can be opened freely?
tude
What
is perhaps the most
encouragingfeature is the atti"
so
toward
the
officialsall over
movement
of the foremost
the country.
Nothing in
utter
breathe
the
from
their letters,
be seen from the few extracts which follow.
as may
From
Washington,Department of the Interior,Bureau of
Education, came
"
one
of the first:
better conditions
heartily
approve
your efforts to secure
dren.
in school-rooms for studyand for the health of the chilChildhood
ences
is a most
importantperiodof life,and influof that period are
most
lasting.It is astonishingthat
peoplewill build school-houses,maintain schools,and send their
most
THE
740
children
them
to
conditions such
at
great
FORUM
and
cost
take
so
littlecare
make
to
to
largely
add very
the effectivenessof the public
schools in all our cities
if in
way
some
the greatest
Another
as
to
secure
I wish you
theycould be placedin a quietzone.
success."
possible
of Public Instrucfrom the Superintendent
tion,
came
State of Illinois:
"
are
"
this movement."
From
the Commissioner
of Education
York:
"
am
in many
ways
schools."
From
the
promote
with the
of
Superintendent
Public Instruction,State of
:
Pennsylvania
"
raise is
on
the
around
one
that
future."
subjectof
our
noise and
school-houses.
wish
The
in the
not
we
tion
ques-
hope
distant
tl
From
"
laboringfor
are
ceasing. The
without
is lost
been
good
May
account
your
work
same
of the noise
741
Schools,State of Ohio:
cause.
Much
on
SCHOOLS
all other
Cityexist in practically
York
States.
FOR
of Common
the Commissioner
You
New
ZONES"
QUIET
the
on
tinue
con-
exist in
and much
streets.
nervous
I have
energy
personally
and
of the sufferers,
one
should have
been
givento
coal wagon
obligedto keep silent until the noise of some
the noisystreet had subsided. ..."
street car
on
of Free Schools, West
From
the State Superintendent
ginia:
Vir-
been
or
"
Your
school than
But
to be at
on
a
me
not
of the
State of Maine
is the
one
which
has taken
ter,
mat-
notices:
following
in the child who
There is often an appearance
of stupidity
is hard of hearing. He is handicappedin his school work, and
the strain in trying
the spokenwork tends to mento understand
tal
breakdown.
But mark
this point: If you locate a schoolhouse in a noisybusiness centre, you reduce all of the children
down toward the condition of the partially
deaf child. It is then
havingalreadysent
out
the
"
the noise
to cease,
waste
money,
From
"
waste
waste
of vital
waiting for
waste
pupils,
of school
energy."
the Commissioner
of Health
am
very
much
which
you
are
do-
THE
742
I do
as
ing,appreciating
FORUM
its
important bearing on
in reference
health,particularly
public
inmates of hospitals
and
It is gratifying
to note
the
to
that has
confident
am
alreadybeen
with the
meets
the
made
in this
which
direction,
civic progress."
From
Health
"
Secretaryof
the
the New
Hampshire
State Board
of
that it is
for me
to state
entirelyunnecessary
that this board is heartily
in accord with any rational movement
that tends to secure
and better
quiet around school-buildings
ventilation in school-rooms.
I believe these are importantmovements
and should be heeded as fullyas possiblein every community.
assume
its
influence
of your
scope
reaches
work
and
town
every
be extended
may
city
in
the
country. ..."
enough has
However,
real
that relief is
said
been
to
prove
And yet it is
urgentlyneeded.
to say that not
sized
necessary
every pointhas been properlyemphathe most
For far in importance
pressingstillremains.
beyond the patheticand oft-repeatedstory of discomfort or
too
"
only too
"
rather
strain
distress
"
diseased
or
throats
mind
the immature
serious than
more
"
the recital of
far graver
of enforced
mental
than
even
the
concentration
ear-
danger to
amidst
stant
con-
none,
with
sensed by
(a fact to-dayperfectly
distractions
of
cases
yond
far beneurologist),
them all looms up the danger of underminingthe health of
the child and of exposing it to the risk of infection through
impure and contaminated air. We have all been thrilled by the
splendidcampaign waged againstthe Great White Plague and
have whole-heartedly
acceptedthe Gospel of Fresh Air, and
of them almost babies,
the children,
many
yet we have forgotten
who are herded togetherin class-rooms where the air is almost
the
exceptionof
the
and
psychologist
the
unbreathable.*
*
At
the moment
the creation
Aldermen
of
going to
of School-Zones
of the
City
of New
is
press,
now
York.
word
being
has
drafted
been
for
received
that
an
presentationto
ordinance
the
Board
for
of
THE
GARDEN
OF
BEING
RESURRECTION
THE
LOVE
OF
AN
E.
Temple
UGLY
MAN
Thurston
BOOK
CHAPTER
that
IN
word
one
sudden
I had
said
recalling
every
that morning on the cliffsat Ballyhatred in them now;
no
only fear,
her
as
meet
to
the
she
moment
from
was
beside her
man
to
once
was
to
showingall
realize,
yet stillshe failed.
to
herself to talk
again,forcing
incident had passedcompletely
if the
Fennell leaned
speak to
I had, for he
went
by,I
sure
he had
then
more,
Shall I
God
"
as
She tried
her mind.
her
u
was
eyes I feltthere
come
lately
lookingaway
so
Presently
young
to
I felt she
moment,
the fear
In
{Continued)
sheen.
my
II
IV
to
STORY
him
to
now?"
was
not
the cloak-room
down
came
passedout
realized that he
went
and
rose
in
across
the
room.
thought. Later
of the
room
spoke
I wished
gone.
"
Damnation!
I exclaimed.
there with
The
I was
meaninglessfaces,powerlessto help me.
powerlessto helpmyself.
For a while I remained there undecided,staring
at the door
It
throughwhich he must have passed. He had escapedme.
roused a thousand suspicions
in my mind.
He feared our
ing.
meettude
But why? What had happened? I feltsick with the multiof suggestions
that came
pouringinto my brain. There
Once
to speak with Clarissa.
was
only one thingto be done
havingbroughtmy determination to that, I went back to my
"
waiter.
743
THE
744
"
He
brought them
"
I wrote.
Dear
to
ifyou
you
I did
again as
"
Take
to
pencil."
"
may
aftersupper?
I shall
offendyou
not
before.}"
this,"said I,
the dark
spare them
can
and
paper
me,
"
"
pieceof
Mrs.
shakingfoolishly
FORUM
ask
hair,and
"
the
to
for
an
that table,the
ladyat
Say that
answer.
lady with
I do not
wish
I'm
"
but
sir,"he replied,
sorry,
we
are
allowed
not
to
deliver notes."
"
That
be damned
mean?
you
Do
"
I'm
on
unpleasantness
some
I told him
send
to
two
the devil do
orders.
our
are
There's
faces
been
three occasions."
or
The
maitre
came,
force
tryingto
I don't know?"
the head-waiter.
me
What
to
but those
"
"
lady whom
sir
sorry,
want
you
on
acquaintance
my
for
their
d'hotel
genial
in their
ning
cun-
littleeyes.
"
You've
He
me
his hands
waved
bowed
"
seen
Well
there's
"
to
He
took
For
I don't know
the
without
note
moments
the
was
many
different
raised my
my
note.
things;yet
The
wish
and
other
as
he
to
that table.
at
people with
She
whom
is
she is
Kindly
pelled
com-
word.
while he
I suppose
was
I know
It is madness.
might have
rush
seconds I
eyes
Now
love.
who
as
ever
myself."
so
those
the
If you
her.
to
over
to
there
lady over
suppingand, therefore,don't
In
than
obsequiously
more
assent.
friend of mine.
comes
began.
gone,
I could
the madness
It is
not
which
nothing less.
another
whelming
being,so overof emotions that trampledthrough me.
was
sat
saw
woman
been
746
THE
them.
Doubtless
shallow
Moxon
had been
lesson
is mine.
as
compass
mind
My
it was
FORUM
made
up
to
make
to
me
If it were,
for
some
sat
down
had
cleared away,
dear
Bellwattle, I
want
the
I did
time
at
learn of it.
not
and,
now
of such
most
as
soon
desk and
my
as
wrote
letter:
My
"
gratitudefor
why
I have
mere
were
not
left it
askingwhy,
until
to me,
made
I would
givea
as
to any
lieve
Bedifferently.
of any guest to
I have never
gotten
for-
as
host.
in that
wonderful
great deal
For you
for
justification
so
I wrote
when
the
hostess.
every
you
me
garden,for
it seems
upon
familiar with
me
treated
those cliffsor
on
to any
therefore have
think of you
of Cruikshank
I look back
as
writes
one
I have
now,
moment
one
as
not
hostess,nor
any
so
hostess and
I did
me,
fitting
present in
you
visit to
my
any
make
to
able
to be
attitude toward
life which
adoptmyself. However,
that,as you know, is impossible,
needingas it does such addition
to the personal
into the sum
of my
enter
equationas can never
experience.
What
attitude is available
confess
to
under
me
unable
myself absolutely
those unfortunate
to
to
individuals who,
the
I
circumstances,
I
determine.
one
am
of such
in the midst
even
of
of a solitary
as these,are
lively
surroundings
nature, yet loathe
The littlebones which
nothingso much as their own company.
I have had to pickwith Providence are
so
dry by this you do
not know
it,but I am forty-fourthat to sit alone and worry
endurance.
would be beyond human
at them now
Occasionally
in bed in the earlymorning or at nightwhen I am left alone and
has retired,I find myselfspeculating
Moxon
upon what
my man
of human
niche in God's gallery
beingsI have been meant to fill.
"
"
So far
as
all human
can
there is not
see
nature, I try
any
taken
money
"
And
last of
easy
upon
mother
never
shoulders
some
should have
brought me
up
all,inevitably
myself,that I have
Circumstance, that my
my father,that he has
profession then
"
to
one.
all over
travelling
is making me,
spendingmy
is
an
edu-
THE
GARDEN
but fitsno
OF
in
man
RESURRECTION
747
life.
of
exigencies
cobbler's
I could
more
that.
where,
I heard
as
polloi.I
hoi
will
benefit if
of
"
not
afraid will
it at all. Plebeian
He
in God's
room
day,you
lery,
gal-
the
describing
was
"
that's what
"
than
more
cut
vantages
disad-
club.
to
am
the whole
for yours.
if I
"
be in that
man
giveyou
new
I'm
What
No
it is that
another
jarringsound
You'll
about
thing
one
of the
vox
populi."
this
Show
This
I entertain
as
sort
key to
of my
to
he
explainwhy
is
would
be
sense,
should
it to be.
mean
appreciate
my point
of
of
me
confession
letter,the
in
you
the
now,
accept
me
will
in
it is. And
or
And
to
view, so
one
he
and
had
man
upon
of
Cruikshank
amused.
I
to
with which
statement
giftin token of
Ballysheen.I want
a
began. I
for
gratitude
my
you
to take
want
all your
of
care
reason
you
kindness
Dandy
as
your
own.
weeks
most
in
Ireland,I have
"
morning,when
saw
those hundreds
but
he
the
terribly,
fancied that
two.
But
most
romance,
venture,
full of ad-
that
of rabbits you saw
of all,I imaginethat
THE
748
he misses that
FORUM
his
playgroundof
your
"
for I remember
garden
"
he
your
mean
it
to
by
you
of
means
trigonometrywhich
I know
will
please
you.
That,
country
at
any
his
on
round
is too
way
the
was
not
"
to
ever
when
me
them.
over
I know
this by the
destroythem.
plantedthe snowdrops and crocuses
what
anythingbut
you
know
you
already.We
meals of
He
on
rather
plate,preferring
to
up
whole.
But Moxon,
will
Write
whom
does
have
them
sendingwith
am
give him
like them
not
tell
can
two
broken
thrown
him
to
for safe
him
duct,
con-
explainall this.
as
soon
as
and let me
can
you
know
venienced
if you will,that you are not inconsafely.Tell me, moreover,
by this unexpectedarrival in your family.
I add this,
God bless you.
not
onlybecause I like the phrase,
merit it.
Lastly,
givemy
to the making
with
but
sweet
was
love
of his
I wanted
peas.
told it was
out
to
of the
hollow, he
in the
garden
new
he
Cruikshank
to
grow
them
in my
must
sets
fillit
window-boxes,
question.
Good-bye Yours,
"
A.
As
soon
I had
as
H.
Bellairs.
addressed
it,I
sent
for Moxon.
"
I've got
said I,when
he
he had heard
"
in the
want
care
commission
came
what
you
to
of Mrs.
in.
it
He
and
bent
was.
take
Dandy,"
Townshend
in
"
Ballysheen.Can
you
get
THE
OF
RESURRECTION
few
what
to
GARDEN
to
749
catch the
nighttrain
"
For
though I had
said not one
word which he was
single
capableof understanding.
His jaw did not exactly
drop,but there was all that expression
about his face as if it might at any moment.
"
Don't
"
follow me?
you
"
at
me
as
said I.
"
Yes, sir
"Well?"
"
"
How
"
Oh
"
Mrs.
Townshend."
The
much
to
say, yet
placelesthe
"
bewildered.
looked
man
poor
endeavoringhis
was
should
I could
utmost
he had
see
so
recollect his
to
in his mind.
was
"
troubling
you? I asked.
I can't quiteunderstand it,
sir,"he replied,
frowningheavily,
he tried to impressit upon his mind.
as
Dandy he's such a
companion to you, sir to both of us, if I may be permittedto
What's
"
"
"
"
say
He's like
so.
less than
before
to
mean
being. Why
you'vecome
in,go down
him
go
down
to
when
I suppose
The
'uman
person
the way
"
supper.
I've
"
to
he'd
seen
than
you
a
dog
the hall
at
and stand
about
runs
out
go
him, sir,of
thoughtit was
he
way
to
if he is
night
quarter-
half-pastI've
there listening
to
"
as came
footstep
alongthe street. To every
Well
sound he'd prickup his ears, expecting
itwas
you've
you.
I mean
in of an evening.What
seen
him, sir,when you'vecome
I don't think you'd
to say
I got up quickly
from my chair.
of all this.
All right,
I'm quiteaware
Moxon," said I.
Can you be ready to catch the nighttrain to Fishguard?
He did not answer.
He justbent his head and left the room.
piece
Perhaps it was for ten minutes that I leant on the mantelIt was
no
down into the fire. At last I stood up.
staring
good. My mind was made up. I stamped the letter to Belhvattle and went
out to find Dandy.
the sound
of every
"
"
"
"
"
'
THE
750
He
life
was
his
to
FORUM
and
biscuits,
something. I
did
Moxon
hear
not
givesthe illusion of
bending over
was
word
Moxon
he said,and
him, saying
at
approach,
my
he got up quickly
and walked away, but something I saw
made
hesitate more
than I had hesitated for the past three weeks.
me
There
in his eyes.
going to blame
tears
were
"Are
you
pickedhim
up in my
me?"
said I
to
Dandy
then I
"
and
I told him
arms
in
how readily
he had gone out with Bellwattle for
Ballysheen,
a
walk, never
missingme at all. I brought back to his mind
those littlewhite jerkybehinds of the rabbits which, when they
excite all his proclivities
for sport.
so
move,
You get none
of that sort of thinghere," said I.
of dogs,
I tried at last to read him a lecture on the psychology
how a kind master
mistress and all the stretch of
or
explaining
"
an
country will
open
"
And
soon
how
remember
to
you're less likely
knew a dog," said he, who
"
"
Ah
but
"
You'll miss
call
wouldn't
Yes
me
come
"
won't
you
but
bit
thousand
"
"
I suppose
But
away.
You
ladies.
It's
his
left him."
master
"
went
thingfrom
forget."
the rabbits
"
of all regret.
how
know
you
their minds
ease
be
but you
"
times when
after
you
were
you
thought
rabbit and
you
back."
then
I knew
I wouldn't
catch it."
sat
together. We
of the
tea
and
out
slopbowl.
But
"
had
Is
at
last
came
Moxon
Dandy ready,sir?
"Quite," said I. It
I fastened
the chain
was
on
to
"
he asked,
a
to
short word.
his collar for the last time
and
Good-bye,old man,"
said I, and
then
Moxon,
who
is
GARDEN
THE
of much
man
The
moment
him
took
sense,
desk and
to my
OF
pickedup
they were
to
the
out
of the
room
751
I walked
as
across
bill to read.
in the
hall door
RESURRECTION
opened. It was
stopped. What
closed.
was
window; then
on
the
was
good?
A
later I heard
moment
after all I
but I suppose
be
must
Good-bye."
Anyhow, I knew by that
sentimentalist.
say
not
know,
It seemed
to
"
alone.
was
CHAPTER
have
They
been
gone
two
hours
forty-eight
two
days the house
that
For
as
to
do.
way
I do
street.
"
to
me
bark in the
VI
have believed
days. I could scarcely
nity.
Eterso
can
comparablymeasure
in Mount
Street
so
"
far,at least,
concerned with it
am
"
There
it has amused
to
me
find how
many
people the
most
mon
com-
necessities of life
whom
There
itseemed
wrote
I owed
to
my
letter. That
those few
father and
did
not
take
me
men
long.
but
onlytwo. As a matter of fact,I wrote two more
them up.
tore
Upon re-reading,
they gave me the impression
that I was
takingmyselftoo seriously.
And now
this morning,the morning of the third day since
Moxon's
in my
room.
departure,I am
Everythingis
sitting
For
complete. I cannot think of one thingI have left undone.
were
Moxon
most
difficultI had
letter. It
to
write.
was
addressed,lyingon
For
to
anything
Clarissa.
I suppose
haps
per-
this is the
most
desk.
I should
write
selfishmoment
THE
752
in my
life. The
thingitwould
nothingmore
FORUM
slightest
contemplationshowed
The
be.
letteris not
be done.
to
that
written.
forbear
cannot
brightyellowrow
of
how
me
And
cruel
there is
now
smiling,
justfor
which
adorns my
window-boxes.
They have come
up with such success, but have
failed so utterly
fulfilthe purpose
for which they were
to
tended.
inat
moment,
The
for
one
outside.
short
this
moment
it broughtme
crocuses
faint
of blue
rent
morning. Justin
that
instant
single
sudden
whole
days last
It looks
to
see
so
the
many
in
May
now
visible
was
as
There is
club remarked, it is difficult
to say.
broad horizon from which to see the way the weather comes.
at the
hall-porter
no
matters
so
little. It does
not
about it one
matter
or
way
another.
all.
at
believe
scarcely
can
her sodden
clothes
"
that
not
and
now!
There
write,I
is something strange in that.
The
write.
"
stillmore
which
the electric-bell
ringsin
Probablyit is a
tradesman
room.
by
check,and sealed up in
Shall I
He
from
ing
I have noth-
I have
on's
more,
is unnerving
me.
measure
to
more
year has
answer
it?
It has
whose
of those
one
account
envelopeson
justrung again. He
will
to
Mox-
is settled
my
desk.
ring once
then go away.
If I could
once
more.
perhaps,and
has rung
the window!
him go on
in peace.
Oh!
ringing!He
"
will
(To
soon
be
continued)
THE
754
FORUM
to
attempt.
be
welcomed, it remains
to
be
for
entirely
appropriate
toward
movement
whether
seen
freedom
methods
Western
Oriental countries.
must
parliament
is not a machine that can be acquiredby a single
transaction,
with a guarantee that it is in full working order. It requires
fective;
efnational habit and a national historybefore it becomes
a
and even
then it is not necessarily
the.most
satisfactory
aid to good government that the wit of man
could devise. But
of
the art of constitution-making
has languished
since the passing
ithas not been carried to the highest,
to
or
Sieves;certainly
even
medicine and war
have been
a high,pointof development,
as
have been
carried. The
institutions of the Anglo-Saxon race
for
models
adopted,with slightvariations,as indispensable
are
more
regrettable.It is the spirit
than
law which
have
Oriental form
to
had
devised
to
giveexpression
that
be
for
as
our
such
us
spirit.
abandon
American
agreement
come
on
should
"
the
would
amount
duty,to an agreement
people about unknown
our
the future."
ever
Roosevelt
"
vital
an
least
It
of arbitration.
subject
not
merely foolish,"he wrote recently,but wicked
that affects
to arbitrate any dispute
a nation to agree
interest or our
independenceor our honor; because
talk medievalism
to
would
at
and
original
more
sometimes
up
In the firstplace,no
for discussion under
on
to
our
part
to
surrender the
matters
at
covenant
to
of
rights
the
unknown
times in
of independence
can
question
tion
of an arbitrathe provisions
con-
EDITORIAL
of
NOTES
755
the
"
"
fails to
Roosevelt
see
that every
true
it: but
guarantees
achieved
reforms
ancient
kingscould
treaty is
the
force
have
mains
growing. It stillre-
strong
as
of
is
carried
and
out.
all the
men
of the
future of civilizatio
The
intelligent,
reasoningdemocracy; with men
and women
who are moved
and a resolve
by a desire for justice
that it shall be done, mat
Roosevelt.
Liberty,equalityand
fraternityis not a mere
phrase:it is the fundamental principle
worried
of the new
order.
No
sensible citizen is particularly
bearance
by the knowledge that there may have to be a littlemutual foris with
an
"
"
in the settlement
times."
And
of
"
unknown
matters
has any
at
unknown
disquieting
qualms at
the idea of entrusting
matters
even
affecting the honor of
the nation
in preference
and dignified
to an
tribunal,
impartial
to an
adjustmentdictated by the excited and temporary clamor
of press and public,
before the mood
of meditation has set in.
There was
rotund
the suggestion
that the earth was
a time when
rather than flat was
received unkindlyby the dogmatists,
who
imagined that the heavens would fall if science were
permitted
without swaddling-clothes.
But science has not merely
to walk
learned to walk, and to walk uprightly.It has learned to fly;
and
Mr.
Roosevelt must
give wings to his imaginationif he
would keep pace with it. At present he is boring holes in the
air,to survey the clouds of the future through opaque
glasses.
It is a very stupidand futile waste
of energy.
We
safely
may
that there will be rain from time to time.
But why not
assume
provideourselves with an umbrella?
no
reasonable
man
"
"
THE
756
The
FORUM
real
of
danger is not in the acceptance of the principle
however widelyextended; or in any absurd quibbling
arbitration,
about ways and means
his unamiable
to retain for man
of selfishness,
and resentment.
suspicion,
querulousness
in
qualities
It is
publichas
and has
become
The
littleinclined
only minimize
countries
in
can
Ameri-
so
of the
agreed so thoroughlywith the spirit
that it is
it will
dog
to
not
confuse
prevent
the
with
expectation
for
wars,
time
some
of wars
possibility
the
movement,
the
to come
between
certain
negligible
tenuity.But there have
sive
been few times when it was
more
importantto place the defenforces of the country on an adequatefooting.This is no
militarism or for ruinous expenditure
on
ments.
armaplea for mere
It is a plea for common
and reasonable care.
sense
Events march with swiftness in these hurried days,and at any
"
some
moment
the United
extreme
gravity
"
to a
cases
States may
all the more
so
how
Philippines?Has
there been
essential munitions
to
but
bluster,
to
of war?
meet
men
many
an
Are
was
not
him.
accepted
enormouslyhave
ciently
Department suffinot
yet
up
in the
accumulation
of the
locked
have
we
situation of
equipped,not
effectively
we
emergency?
*
He
success
so
War
reasonable
Mr.
would
the
strengthenedher position.Has
considered
with
be confronted
is
not
an
whatever
degree of
infalliblemeasure
of
success
men;
he desired: yet
it does
not
make
kind to
Washington. Fortune is often ironically
the prophetpasses by unhonnarrow-mindedness
or
mediocrity:
acclaimed.
and the demagogue are
ored, while the exploiter
Pulitzer was
Mr.
not
a
prophet,nor without honor; neither
Lincoln
or
EDITORIAL
he
NOTES
757
tiative
inior
exploiter
demagogue. He had perseverance,
and will-power,
with that urgent desire to dominate
others which is usually
a
signof incomplete
development. The
his faith in the ultimate common
was
sense
greatest of his gifts
of the people:there were
stillwaters
beyond the froth or ripples.
was
mere
The
worst
of the
people. He bribed
pauperizedintelligences.
It is true
he
that he had
fought abuses
leader of
and
the
publicwith
was
without
sensations.
He
that
justconvictions;
petty bias.
But he
not
was
He
men.
with
young
But
success.
sieve,shaken
with meshes
sense.
:
author
too
has
perpetually
by the
too largeto retain even
"
"
artistic
himself into
temperament,
and
mon
fragmentsof comthink that they are exceptional
the solid
to
omit
to
ply
ap-
other
they measure
It is natural for them, if they fail to gain publicity,
to
men.
blame
publishers.But
incompetenteditors and undiscerning
gestion,
diassist the literary
taken in time, may
even
a few platitudes,
disordered by a surfeit of epigrams. If you think you
a
are
genius,don't be discouraged.There are ten thousand
and at
other men
the same
moment,
thinking
thing,at the same
to
all
themselves
moments.
the standards
There
are
with which
also several
women
whose
intuition
bringsthem to
right.There
the
same
conclusion.
THE
758
FORUM
with himself.
slow process
same
mistaken
all
about
be returned
back
of
ham
to
that he is
Mr.
He
of
Sewell Ford
once
must
blame
not
is probablypoor
exhausted
invariably
all temptations
to become
second
A
respectable.
be returned:
may
It will
the waters
upon
as
sandwich.
is
book
him,
he knows
may
but it is bread
come
in the form
who
him:
to
It may
he
things,
When
should
said,
the
publisher,
his capital
of
in spite
and
be
not
ence.
experi-
third
less persevering
possibilities.
publisher.The future has alluring
It is so immenselyspacious.What
gifts
may not be in that
Pandora's Box, in which Alexander found a world, Washington
the elementary
nation,Shelleya nightingale?But remember
a
than his
If you
and
Knowledge of Good
on
the head.
poise,and
to
read
them
complimentto
read.
You
make
them
of the
Evil,an applemay
Smile first:then
your
your
shake
eat
over
editor
an
expect him
to
neatly.The
sending them
to
send him
It is
away.
that it bores
work
poor
you
to
because
worry
as
Unless
good
individual work
your
as
hundreds
been
returned:
ask
rightway and
above
all,don't tell yourselfthat it
of other things that are
published.
it to the
And
has
rightplace,in
it is
better,it must
infinitely
it is really
that a work
true
finally:
be very
of
the
bad
indeed.
geniushas
an
And
excellent
chance of acceptance.
*
One
of the
campaign has
most
been
could be landed
lessons
importantmilitary
even
on
ease
guarded shore
of the
with which
rough seas
Tripoli
troops
and
the
EDITORIAL
NOTES
759
absence
In The
extent.
enormous
States is vulnerable
United
The
here?
Forum
that
Brandyce pointedout
we
have
for last
one
any
coasts, of
two
May,
14,000
some
harbors,almost
with innumerable
on
Mr.
H.
miles of
D.
board,
sea-
of which would
prove
to
an
"
have
we
found
were
and
stillthere remain
Our
Coast
and
men;
of millions
scores
dozens
of harbors
numbers
now
gap
in
Is
our
tificatio
such for-
Board,
entirely
unprotected.
about
mounted."
on
the Endicott
indispensable
by
Artillery
corps
enormous
spent
officers
20,000
only about
the
requiredcompletelyto man
the navy sufficiently
powerful to
guns
one-
ready
al-
fillthe
defences?
*
It is sometimes
referendum
and
supposedthat the initiative,
recall principles
of recent
are
discoveryand represent a very
modern
who dealt wisely
phase of development. Yet Aristotle,
with so many
had somethingto say on this matter
questions,
also;and his remarks seem
at the present moment.
very pertinent
The passage
that follows is taken from Jowett's
translation of
Politics:
"
fifth form
of
democracy,in
other
respects the
same,
is that in which, not the law, but the multitude,have the supreme
This is
power, and supersede the law by their decrees.
THE
760
of
state
affairs
democracies
the
first
laws
which
not
whether
there
in their
'
that
says
he
it is
monarchial
in honor;
this
is the
the better
over
to
both
the
edicts
citizens.
flatterer is
the
with
kind
of the
we
tyrant, the
assembly.
the
hands
all
votes
the
magistrates
too
happy
say,
it is
objectionthat
be
be
not
over
judge
of
all, and
constitution
is
the
correspond
is
to
what
one
the
power;
they
terer
flat-
of
the
the decrees
lar
popu-
the
because
hold
ready
to
in their
listen
at
is
'
the
people
authorityof
the
so
fairlyopen
constitution.
no
despoticrule
things to the
judges
democracy
The
to
any
people
Such
authority,there
no
supreme
should
let the
mocracie
de-
other
monarchy.
make
too
are
arch,
mon-
exercise
to
great,
and
hands,
dividua
in-
democracies
grow
but
many
now
demos
refer all
they
have
many
flatterer is held
great
with
to
office is undermined.
have
who
of
demagogues
people, who
'
is
demagogue
demagogue
of
the
many/
rule of
of the
have
in their
Further, those
them.
Both
things
the
the
or
alike exercise
the
therefore
rule of
forms
And
the
of law, seeks
decrees
describing.The
are
have
they
other.
people override
people
and
The
For
up.
being relativelyto
other
the
where
and
one;
despot; the
to
tyrant; and
the
to
the
which
is
but
people, which
the control
same,
of the
rule,
democracy
tyranny
have
to
into
citizens hold
spring
in
in
individuals,but collectively.
as
the
grows
of
sort
what
spiritof
not
And
and
sway,
the best
is many
good
not
under
longer
law
demagogues;
this corporate
means
no
and
For
demagogues.
demagogues
hands,
is uncertain.
and
the
no
are
monarch,
the power
Homer
there
supreme,
becomes
people
by the
about
subjectto
are
place, and
are
have
brought
FORUM
The
magistraciesand
particulars."
the
law
are
every
to
the
the laws
ought
Government
to
AP
Forum
F8
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CARDS
UNIVERSITY
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