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The following three types of philosophy that we will see then will be related
to practical philosophy, this kind of philosophy is the moral issues of human
behavior and attitude, whether either individually or collectively.
answer. The philosopher Aristotle tries to solve this question by saying that "man
is social by nature" and that this quality is part of the biological condition of the
people.
He was born in 428 B.C. He was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle, he
died in Athenas, He traveled East and southern of Italy, where made contact with the
disciples of Pythagoras; After a negative experience at Syracuse as a consultant at the
court of King Dionysius the Elder, he spent some time prisoner of pirates until he was
rescued and was able to return to Athens. There he founded in 387 a school of
philosophy, unlike Socrates, that left no written work of Plato's works they have been
preserved almost complete.
At the end of antiquity, Platonism was enriched by the work of Plotinus and the
Neoplatonic school.
The philosophy of the time should be at the service of theology. The question that arises
in this time is that if you had to have faith and believe in miracles or Christians could
also be accessed Christian truths through reason. Medieval philosophy was based
practically on the question of whether they were compatible faith and reason.
manifests the image and likeness of God to create it therefore by nature man
makes it possible to find God within.
After the sacking of the Barbarians in 410 Augustine wrote a book called
'The City of God' 'is about the eternal struggle between the forces of good
and evil, directed by divine providence.
3. Biological naturalism
The biological naturalism is a theory that proposes a new relation between the brain
and the mind. This theory was created by the philosopher John Searle.
He thinks that there are a material body and an immaterial mind but contrary to the
dualism and monistic theories, the biological naturalism says that they interact with
each other in a material form and form our own thoughts.
Usually, this theory gets confused with the dualism of properties because both are
very similar. However, the dualism of properties says that the mind properties are
different that the physical properties and the biological naturalism says that the mind
properties can be explained by chemistry process.
With this experiment, Searle argued that the machines, as the person who was inside
the room they could give the sensation of understanding and dominating a language
without knowing it really. So he ended with the theories of artificial intelligence and the
Turing Test.
* The Turing test consists in some questions that a computer can analyze and can
answer with complete sense. If this computer was very powerful and had billions of
answers, it could answer all type of questions like a human been. The Turing test isnt
very important yet due to John Searle and the Chinese Room
4. Spanish theories
In Spain we can find many important philosophers like Jaime Balmes, Menndez
Pelayo, Unamuno, Zubiri, Pedro Lan Entalgo or Amor Ruibal.
One of the principal philosophers related to the topic about which we are speaking is
Pedro Lan Entalgo.
Also he thought that the brain is the live of the body and continues develop
throughout our lives.
Based on the above arguments, Lain said that the human been lives as lives and does
what it does by the power of their brains.
5. Personal opinion
After having compared all the dualistic and monistic theories I have decided that
none of them is correct, because if we know how to create life and intelligent, we
probably would ended destroyed by the new life that we would created.
By the moment, the theory that I prefer between all that I have read is the
structuralism because, in my opinion, is the most convincing of all the theories.
This quote wants to explain that over the years humans have been accumulating
doubts about what exactly is. Personalistics believe we should ignore all the traditions
that talk about man and the group that they make together and look strictly on what is
important, the man himself. I agree with them because if you want to get the answer on
something, you must look at that thing, not what surrounds him. You must look at how
the world reacts and how it behaves himself.
Emmanuel Mounier was the main representative of the Personalism. This
movement became famous because of the Mouniers books and the Esprit magazine.
He got a lot of philosophers together with the same ideas and he created a new concept
of person linking an ancient tradition with the modern philosophy.
Mounier describes the Personalism like a perspective (in which man is material but a
transcendent and inner self too), a demand (of total engagement) and a method ( to
analyze the human action and its history since our point of view).
7. 5. 2. Immanuel Kant.
Kant, a modern philosophy, thought that the person has the absolute value. He said
that you must have transcendent ethics and pure reason to get the objective knowledge.
For him, the knowledge of the ethics laws are an obligation to have the good nature.
Finally, his priority is the humans dignity. Human is a goal not a resource. Things have
price, human has dignity.
Soren considered that the human nature is the central point of the meeting with the
being. For him, the human, formed by soul and body, believes in him existence because
of God.
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