CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam

TOFD

L2-P2 Issue 1

Name of student:___________________
Date of exam::_____________________
Signature of student_________________

1.
TOFD came to prominence as a result of the need to________
a.
b.
c.
d.

Distinguish geometry from real defects

Improve detection of nonfusion
Characterise porosity
Improve flaw sizing

2.
What aspect of tip diffracted signals is used to size flaws?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amplitude
Time
Phase
Both b and c

3.
Who is generally credited with the introduction of the TOFD technique?
a. J.A.G. Temple
b. M. Silk
c. J.P. Charlesworth
d. H. Harwell
4.
In a single zone TOFD set up what is the effect of too much gain
a.
b.
c.
d.

Inability to detect porosity

Excess scatter losses in grain structure
Excessive lateral wave ringing
Insensitivity to coupling loss

5.
What does Huygens Principle relate to?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Phase interference of wavefronts

Diffraction angles
Point generators of moving wavefronts
Shear mode conversion off compression modes

CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam

TOFD

L2-P2 Issue 1

6.
TOFD is a ____________ technique?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Backscatter
Forward scatter
Reflection
Fast Fourier

7.
The basic setup for a TOFD configuration uses how many probes?
a.
b.
c.
d.

1
2
3
4

8.
Which is not a main signal associated with TOFD when setting up the signal sensitivity and
gated region?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Lateral wave
Backwall Echo
Lower flaw tip
Mode converted (shear) echo

9.
What is not an advantage of TOFD?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Flaw sizing
Flaw detection
Flaw characterisation
Coupling monitoring

10.
Monitoring the amplitude of the lateral wave is a useful method of _______.
a.
b.
c.
d.

Flaw sizing
Flaw detection
Flaw characterisation
Coupling monitoring

11.
What aspect of grey-scale presentations make flaws apparent as compared to single A-scans
on a standard UT instrument?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Pattern recognition capability

Zero offset ability (bias)
Acoustic impedance
Signal averaging

CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam

TOFD

L2-P2 Issue 1

12.
What item of TOFD equipment would not be considered essential?
a.
b.
c.
d.

1 Probe pair & Probe holder & couplant

Pulser-receiver and cabling
Data acquisition system (computer with data display)
Calibration block

13.
What is the most likely result of TOFD scan with an encoder being moved along the weld too
fast?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Missing lines of data

Reduced signal amplitudes
Undersizing of flaw lengths
Loss of couplant

14.
Usually, when setting up a TOFD configuration the crossing point of the centreline of the
centre of beam ray for the pulser and receiver elements should be at what depth (as a
percentage of wall thickness) for a single zone TOFD setup?
a.
b.
c.
d.

16%
45%
66%
98%

15.
What, approximately, is the maximum thickness of a butt weld that should be attempted using
a singe zone TOFD?
a.
b.
c.
d.

25mm
50mm
75mm
100mm

16.
What might be considered the 3 Dead Zones of a TOFD configuration?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Probe face, Wedge and coupling

Lateral wave, backwall and spatial (flaw)
Near, Fresnel and Fraunhofer
Attenuation, scatter and absorption.

17.
Why are flaws near the test surface are more difficult to size for vertical extent?
a. Upper and lower tips are less separated in time

CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam

L2-P2 Issue 1

b. No diffraction is occurring near the test surface

c. Flaws near the surface are usually smaller than deeper flaws
d. The assumption is wrongall flaws are equal for vertical sizing difficulty
18.
How is the probes pulse energy optimised?
a.
b.
c.
d.

By use of a tuneable amplifier

By use of a tuneable pulser
By the half wave matching plate
It is not possible to optimise pulse energy

19.
Why is signal averaging used in TOFD?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Flaw amplitude sizing

To reduce electrical noise effects
To reduce grain noise effects
To establish a mean error for length sizing from baseline measurements

20.
What aspect of instrument linearity is carried out on ultrasonic systems used for TOFD?
a.
b.
c.
d.

Amplitude control
Screen height
Timebase
All of the above

TOFD

CSWIP TOFD level 2 Qualification Exam

TOFD

L2-P2 Issue 1

Students Name:
Date:

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