Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Le circuit intgr LM3900 dont la documentation est donne en annexe comporte quatre
amplificateurs diffrentiels de transconductance dont la tension de sortie est proportionnelle la
diffrence des courants appliqus aux deux entres. On se propose danalyser le fonctionnement
dun amplificateur de ce type.
1PARTIE : TUDE DE L'AMPLIFICATEUR DIFFRENTIEL DE COURANT
La tension dalimentation VCC est fixe 30 V et la temprature 25C o |VBE | = 0,6 V
pour tous les transistors.
On considre l'tage amplificateur reprsent figure 1 o le transistor T1 (gain en courant
!n de 100) est charg par un gnrateur de courant idal IC1 = 150 A et excit par un gnrateur
de courant : IB1 = IC1 / !n pour que le transistor soit polaris dans sa zone linaire.
+V CC
IC1
T1
v1
v2
B1
IC 1
"n
T1
IC3
I1
B2
T3
IC2
I2
v1
v2
T2 VBE3
VBE2
http://rouxphi3.perso.cegetel.net
1
+V CC
I4
T5
IC1
T4
B1
T1
IC3
I1
B2
T3
I2
v1
v2
I5
vs
T2
Figure 3
1) Etablir la relation liant les courants I4 et I5 au courant IC1 et au gain en courant !p de T4 et !n de
T5; On donne I5 = 1,2 mA, calculer I4. En dduire la valeur des rsistances d'entres rbe4 et rbe5 de
T4 et T5.
2) Dessiner le schma aux petites variations quivalent au montage T4 et T5 de la figure 3,
chaque transistor tant remplac par son schma en ! ib (on ngligera seulement la rsistance
rce de T4 et on prendra pour T5 : rce = 50 K").
3) Calculer la rsistance dentre Re4 du montage constitu par T4 et T5, vue par le transistor T1
entre C1 et la masse. Donner son expression approche et faire lapplication numrique. Le gain
en tension A1 est-il modifi ?
4) En dduire lexpression du gain en tension A2 = vs / v2 puis calculer A3 = vs / v1.
2
+V CC = 30 V
R
47 K!
47 K!
R2
C1
100 K!
1 M!
B2
Norton
R3
B1
ve
R1
1 M!
Figure 4
vs
CORRECTION 2
v1 vbe1rbe1
v2
ib1
rce1
gm1vbe1
v2
= "gm1rce1 = "3000 (1)
v1
I C1
= 6mS .
UT
UT
= 16, 7K#
I C1
!
2. Expression du courant IC1 de T1 en fonction des courants continus dentres I1 et I2 et du gain
!
en courant !n des transistors.
!
+V CC
IC1
IC1
B1 " n
IC3
I1
B2
T3
IC2
I2
T1
v1
v2
T2 V
BE3
VBE2
!
!
!
2
! Philippe ROUX 2009
!
http://rouxphi3.perso.cegetel.net
4
vbe2
vbe3
i2
B1 C3
rbe
2
C1
rbe1
vbe1
i1
gm2vbe2
v2
rce1
gm1vbe1
gm3vbe3
2vbe2
=0
rbe
i2
2
gm2 +
rbe
(4)
v2 = "gm1vbe1rce1 (6)
!
!
#
&
%
(
i2
!
En exploitant
les relations (4) et 5) : v2 = "gm1rbe1rce1%(i1 " gm 3
)(
2 (
%
gm2 +
%$
rbe ('
Les transconductances gm2 et gm3 sont gales (IC2 = IC3) et dautre part : gm2 >>
2
.
rbe
!
v2 " #gm1rbe1rce1 [i1 # i2 ] = Rm [i2 # i1 ] (7)
Transrsistance de lamplificateur : Rm = "n rce1 = 50M# (8)
!
2 PARTIE : RALISATION ET TUDE DE L'AMPLIFICATEUR OPERATIONNEL
!
1) Relation liant les courants I4 et I5 au courant IC1 et au gain en courant !p de T4 et !n de T5.
+ V CC
I4
"n
I 4 # (" p +1)I C1
!
IC1
T4
T5
! "p
" p I C1
!
!
1,2 mA
I5
I4 =
(9)
Application numrique :
!
I4
rbe4
IC5
rbe5
904 A 167 ! 450 A 5,55 k!
! pib4
ib4
rbe4
ib4
ib5
v2
rce
rbe5
vs
! nib5
!
Le gain A1 qui devient : A1 = "gm1 (rce1 // Re4 ) nest pas modifi en effet : Re4 >> rce1.
On en dduit alors : A2 =
v2 = Re4 ib 4
vs
= 1 (12)
v2
! pib4
ib4
rbe4
rce1
ib4
ib5
rce
rbe5
! nib5
u
u
= rce //
i"
i
i" = #ib 4 [1+ $n ($ p +1)]
u = "rbe5ib5 " (rce1 + rbe4 )ib 4
Rs =
!
!
!
Rs = rce //
+1)]
rce1
= 833$ (13)
"n (" p +1)
6) Relation liant la tension de sortie vs aux courant d'entres i1 et i2 : vs = Rm (i2 " i1 ) (14)
!
3 PARTIE : UTILISATION
!
1. Schma en continu du montage.
+VCC = 30 V
R
47 K!
R
47 K!
R2
1 M!
I2
B2
Norton
B1
Vs
I1
R1
1 M!
1 M!
I2
B2
+VCC /2
Norton
B1
VBE2 VBE1
Vs
I1
R1
1 M!
VCC
"VBE 2
I2 = 2
(15)
Vs = R1 I1 +VBE1 (16)
R2
Compte tenu des proprits de lentre B1 : I1 = I 2 + I B1 o IB1 reprsente le courant de base
de T1 (IB1 = 1,5 A).
:
Sachant que R1 =R2 !
V
V
Vs = CC + R1 I!B1 + (VBE1 "VBE 2 ) # CC + R1 I B1 = 16, 5V
2
2
Vs est sensiblement gale VCC/2.
3. Schma du!montage pour les petites variations.
100 K!
i2
B2
Norton
R3
B1
R2
1 M!
ve
vs
i1
R1
1 M!
ve
sachant que R2 >> rsistance dentre en B2.
R3
v
Courant i1 : i1 = s
R1
! la relation (14) : vs = Rm ( ve " vs )
Avec
R3 R1
v
Rm R1
A!
= s=
ve R3 (R1 + Rm )
v
R
A = s " 1 = 10
Sachant que !
: Rm >>R1
ve R3
4. Courant i2 : i2 =
!
!
Features
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
TL/H/7936 2
Top View
TL/H/7936 1
TL/H/7936
RRD-B30M115/Printed in U. S. A.
February 1995
Voltage Gain
Voltage Gain
LM3900
LM3301
Conditions
Units
Over Temp.
DVO e 10 VDC
Inverting Input
Min
Typ Max
1.2
2.8
2.8
2.8
1.2
1.2
V/mV
Input Resistance
Output Resistance
kX
2.5
2.5
2.5
MHz
Inverting Input
Inverting Input, V
Inverting Input
Slew Rate
0.5
20
Supply Current
RL e % On All Amplifiers
6.2
Output
Voltage
Swing
RL e 2k,
a
V e 15.0 VDC
VOUT High
Output
Source
Current
Sink
Capability
ISINK
30
b
IIN e 0,
IIN a e 0
V e Absolute
Maximum Ratings
200
30
200
10
6.2
0.2
300
0.5
20
10
13.5
0.09
30
0.5
20
13.5
b
IIN e 10 mA,
a
IIN e 0
VOUT Low
VOUT High
e 5 VDC
MX
nA
V/ms
6.2
10
0.09
0.2
mADC
13.5
0.09
0.2
VDC
IIN e 0,
a
IIN e 0
RL e % ,
29.5
(Note 2)
b
VOL e 1V, IIN e 5 mA
29.5
18
10
18
0.5
1.3
0.5
1.3
0.5
1.3
26.0
mADC
LM3900
LM3301
Conditions
TA e 25 C, f e 100 Hz
Mirror Gain
@
@
20 mA (Note 3)
200 mA (Note 3)
20 mA to 200 mA (Note 3)
Units
Min
Typ
0.90
0.90
1.0
1.0
Max
Min
Typ
1.1
1.1
0.90
0.90
1.0
1.0
70
Max
Min
1.1
1.1
0.90
0.90
70
Typ
Max
70
1
1
dB
1.10
1.10
mA/mA
DMirror Gain
Mirror Current
(Note 4)
10
500
10
500
10
500
mADC
TA e 25 C (Note 5)
1.0
1.0
Inverting Input
300
300
1.0
mADC
nA
Note 1: For operating at high temperatures, the device must be derated based on a 125 C maximum junction temperature and a thermal resistance of 92 C/W
which applies for the device soldered in a printed circuit board, operating in a still air ambient. Thermal resistance for the S.O. package is 131 C/W.
Note 2: The output current sink capability can be increased for large signal conditions by overdriving the inverting input. This is shown in the section on Typical
Characteristics.
Note 3: This spec indicates the current gain of the current mirror which is used as the non-inverting input.
Note 4: Input VBE match between the non-inverting and the inverting inputs occurs for a mirror current (non-inverting input current) of approximately 10 mA. This is
therefore a typical design center for many of the application circuits.
Note 5: Clamp transistors are included on the IC to prevent the input voltages from swinging below ground more than approximately b 0.3 VDC. The negative input
currents which may result from large signal overdrive with capacitance input coupling need to be externally limited to values of approximately 1 mA. Negative input
currents in excess of 4 mA will cause the output voltage to drop to a low voltage. This maximum current applies to any one of the input terminals. If more than one
of the input terminals are simultaneously driven negative smaller maximum currents are allowed. Common-mode current biasing can be used to prevent negative
input voltages; see for example, the Differentiator Circuit in the applications section.
Note 6: These specs apply for b 40 C s TA s a 85 C, unless otherwise stated.
Note 7: Human body model, 1.5 kX in series with 100 pF.
Application Hints
Unintentional signal coupling from the output to the non-inverting input can cause oscillations. This is likely only in
breadboard hook-ups with long component leads and can
be prevented by a more careful lead dress or by locating the
non-inverting input biasing resistor close to the IC. A quick
check of this condition is to bypass the non-inverting input
to ground with a capacitor. High impedance biasing resistors used in the non-inverting input circuit make this input
lead highly susceptible to unintentional AC signal pickup.
Operation of this amplifier can be best understood by noticing that input currents are differenced at the inverting-input
terminal and this difference current then flows through the
external feedback resistor to produce the output voltage.
Common-mode current biasing is generally useful to allow
operating with signal levels near ground or even negative as
this maintains the inputs biased at a VBE. Internal clamp
transistors (see note 5) catch-negative input voltages at approximately b0.3 VDC but the magnitude of current flow has
to be limited by the external input network. For operation at
high temperature, this limit should be approximately 100 mA.
This new Norton current-differencing amplifier can be
used in most of the applications of a standard IC op amp.
Performance as a DC amplifier using only a single supply is
not as precise as a standard IC op amp operating with split
supplies but is adequate in many less critical applications.
New functions are made possible with this amplifier which
are useful in single power supply systems. For example,
biasing can be designed separately from the AC gain as was
shown in the inverting amplifier, the difference integrator allows controlling the charging and the discharging of
the integrating capacitor with positive voltages, and the frequency doubling tachometer provides a simple circuit
which reduces the ripple voltage on a tachometer output DC
voltage.
Voltage Gain
Voltage Gain
Input Current
Supply Current
Supply Rejection
Mirror Gain
TL/H/7936 9
Triangle/Square Generator
VODC e
V
2
AV j b
R2
R1
TL/H/7936 3
TL/H/7936 4
Frequency-Doubling Tachometer
TL/H/7936 5
TL/H/7936 6
Non-Inverting Amplifier
VODC e
AV j
V
2
VODC e
R2
R1
AV j
TL/H/7936 7
R2 b
V
R3
R2
R1
TL/H/7936 8
TL/H/7936 10
Q e 50
fO e 1 kHz
TL/H/7936 11
TL/H/7936 12
TL/H/7936 13
TL/H/7936 14
(VO e VZ a VBE)
TL/H/793615
I2 e
R1
I1
R2
TL/H/7936 16
Buffer Amplifier
VIN t VBE
TL/H/7936 18
TL/H/7936 17
Tachometer
VODC e A fIN
TL/H/7936 19
*Allows VO to go to zero.
Power Comparator
TL/H/7936 21
TL/H/7936 20
Comparator
Schmitt-Trigger
TL/H/7936 22
TL/H/7936 23
Square-Wave Oscillator
Pulse Generator
TL/H/7936 24
TL/H/7936 25
TL/H/7936 27
Bi-Stable Multivibrator
TL/H/7936 29
TL/H/793628
Differentiator (Common-Mode
Biasing Keeps Input at a VBE)
OR Gate
feAaBaC
TL/H/7936 31
AV e
1
2
TL/H/7936 30
AND Gate
Difference Integrator
feA#B#C
TL/H/793632
TL/H/7936 33
10
fO e 1 kHz
TL/H/7936 34
Staircase Generator
VBE Biasing
AV j b
R2
R1
TL/H/7936 35
TL/H/7936 36
fo e 1 kHz
Q e 25
TL/H/7936 37
11
TL/H/7936 38
TL/H/7936 39
12
TL/H/7936 40
One-Shot Multivibrator
PW j 2 c 106C
*Speeds recovery.
TL/H/7936 41
TL/H/7936 42
13
TL/H/7936 43
14
TL/H/7936 44
a
Trips at VIN j 0.8 V
prior to t2
TL/H/7936 45
TL/H/7936 46
15
TL/H/7936 47
Sawtooth Generator
TL/H/7936 48
16
TL/H/7936 49
TL/H/7936 50
17
TL/H/7936 51
AC Amplifier
TL/H/7936 52
18