Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities,
in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of
education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
1 +, 1 +
01 ' 5
Jawaharlal Nehru
! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
! > 0 B
BharthariNtiatakam
IS 3070
( Part
3 ) : 1993
( Reaffirmed 2004 )
vlvh9-m
METAL
OXIDE
LIGHTNING
UDC
ARRESTERS
WITHOUT
GAPS
62 l-3 16.933
@J BIS 1993
BUREAU
MANAK
OF
BHAVAN,
INDIAN
9
NEW
i
c
, d
April 1993
BAHADUR
DELHI
,?I
$
STANDARDS
SHAH
ZAFAR
i.*
MARG
110002
,I
Price Group11
Surge Arresters
Sectional
Committee,
ETD 30
CONTENTS
.. .
.. .
. ..
SCOPE
...
...
1.l Service conditions
. ..
.
.
.
.
.
.
...
1.2 Reference
...
. ..
. ..
.. .
2. DEFINITIONS
. ..
...
. ..
3. IDENTIFICATIONS
AND STANDARDRATINGS
...
. ..
. ..
3.1 Arrester Identification
.. .
. ..
. ..
3.2 Standard Rated Voltages
3.3 Standard Rated Prequency
. ..
. ..
3.4 Maximum Protection Level of Surge Arresters
. ..
. ..
...
4. ARRESTERCLASSIFICATION
...
4.1 Standard Nominal Discharge Current
...
.. .
.. .
4.2 Arrester Classification
. ..
. ..
.. .
. ..
5. GENERALTESTINGPRCNXDURE
. ..
5.1 Measuring Equipment and Accuracy
. ..
. ..
...
5.2 Test Samples
. ..
.. .
. ..
5.3 Reference Voltage Measurements
...
. ..
.. .
6. TYPE TESTS
.. .
.. .
.. .
6.1 General
,6.2 Insulation Withstand Tests on Arrester Housing
.. .
.
..
. ..
6.3 Bending Test on Arrester Housing Assembly
. ..
. ..
. ..
6.4 Residual Voltage Tests
. ..
6.5 Long Duration Current Impulse Withstand Test
.. .
...
...
6.6 Operating - Duty Tests
...
. ..
.. .
6.7 Pressure Relief Test
.
.
.
...
Tests
of
Arrester
Disconnectors
6.8
.. .
...
6.9 Requirements of Auxiliary Equipment
..*
. ..
7. ROUTINETESTSAND ACCEPTANCE
TESTS
. ..
.. .
...
7.1 Routine Tests
.
.
.
.
..
. ..
7.2 Acceptance Tests
...
...
ANNEX A Abnormal Service Conditions
...
.
.
.
Guide
to
Selection
of
Line
Discharge
Class
ANNEX B
Between Complete
Arrester
ANNEX C Tests to Verify Thermal Equivalency
. ..
. ..
and Arrester Selection
.
..
Typical
Circuit
for
HIGH
CURRENT
Impulse
Operating
Duty
Test
ANNEX D
Constant Impulse Generatorfor
ANNEX E Typical Circuit for a Distributed
. ..
the Long Duration Current Impulse Withstand Test
of High Lighting Duty Arrester for Voltage Range
ANNEX F Requirements
. ..
. ..
. ..
lkVto52kV
...
.. .
. ..
ANNEX G Pressure Relief Test
.
..
ANNEX H Temperature Cycle Test; Porosity Test and Galvanizing Test ,
...
ANNEX J Artificial Pollution Testing of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester
Voltage Versus Time
ANNEX K Procedures to verify the Power Frequency
...
. ..
Characteristic
of an Arrester
.. .
ANNEX L Typical Information Given with Enquires, Tenders and Orders
1.
Page
1
1
1
1
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
8
8
9
11
17
17
18
18
18
19
21
21
23
23
25
26
27
28
30
31
32
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards,
by the Surge Arresters
Sectional Committee
had been approved
Division Council.
Indian Standard
_..
1. i
.-
METAL
OXIDE
LIGHTNING
ARdESTERS
WITHOUT
GAPS
service conditions
is subject
to agreement
between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
A list of possible abnormal service condition
is given in Annex A.
1 SCOPE
This standard applies to non-linear metal oxide
resistor type surge arresters without spark gaps
designed to limit voltage surges on a.c. power
circuits including low voltage type.
1.2 References
This standard
does not cover
arresters/
varistors required for telecommunication
and
industrial electronic applications.
2070
( Part 2 ) : 1976
5621 : 1980
6209 : 1982
are necessary
TitIe
Methods
of high voltage
testing: Part 1 General de&
nitions
and test requirements (first revision )
Part 2 test procedure ( first
revision )
Hollow insulators for use in
electrical
equipment ( ji,st
revision )
Methods for
partial
discharge measurement
( first
revision )
2 DEFINITIONS
NOTE - The effects of maximum solarr adiation ( I .l kW/ma ) have been taken into account
by pre-heating
the test specimen
in the type
tests.
If there are other heat sources neat the
arrester,
the application
of the arrester shall
be subjected
to an agreement
between the
manufacturer
and the purchaser.
2.2 Non-Linear
supply
not less than 48 Hz and not exceeding
52 Hz.
e) Power frequency voltage applied continuously between the terminals
of the
arrester
not exceeding its continuous
operating voItage.
Mechanical
conditions:
f)
i) Maximum wind speed : 55 m/s
ii) Seismic acceleration
: 0.3 g horizontal
and 0.15 g vertical.
__~-
A disruptive
A complete,
suitably assembled part of an
arrester necessary to represent
the behaviour
of a complete arrester with respect to a particular test. A section of an arrester is not
necessarily a unit of an arrester.
2.13 Flasbover
A disruptive
through
a solid.
2.14 Impulse
A unidirectional
wave of voltage or current
which without
appreciable
oscillations
rises
rapidly to a maximum value and falls - usually
less rapidly - to zero with small, if any, loops
of opposite polarity;
The parameters which define a voltage or current impulse are polarity,, peak value, front time
and time to half value on the tail.
A current
1 ps with
such that
to 1.1 ps.
tail shall
Impulse
impulse with
limits in the
the measured
Thevirtual
be not longer
The maxim&
permissible
r.m.s.
value of
power frequency voltage between its terminals
at which it is designed to operate correctly
under temporary over voltage conditions for a
duration of 10 seconds as established
in the
operating
duty
tests ( 6.6.4 and 6.6.5).
The rated voltage
is used as a reference
parameter
for the specification
of operating
characteristics.
An 8/20 current impulse with limits on the adjustment of equipment such that the measured
values are from 7 ps to 9 ,_JSfor the virtual front
time. The time to half value on the tail is not
critical and may have any tolerance.
2.17 Long Duration Current Impulse
An impulse which rises rapidly to maximum
value, remains
substantially
constant
for a
specified period and then falls rapidly to zero.
The parameters
which define long duration
impulse are polarity, peak value, virtual duration of the peak and virtual total duration.
or current
oscillations
on which
discharge
occurs
prior
to
occurs after
the
.,
or current versus time determined by the intersection between the time axis at zerd voltage or
zero current and straight line drawn through
two reference points on the front of the impulse. For current impulses the reference points
shall be 10 percent and 90 percent of the peak
value.
of
the
Front of
flows through
the
NOTE-If
oscillations
are present
on the front
the reference points at 10 percent
and 90 percent
should be taken on the mean curve drawn through
the oscillations.
Opposite Polarity of an
an
flowing
at the
The conutinuous
current is for comparison
purposes
expressed either by its r. m. s. or peak value.
NOTE: - Depending
on the nominal
dikharge
current and/or line discharge class of the arrester,
the reference current will be typically in the range
of 0.05 to 1.0 mA/cm* of disc_ar~~&~ single column
arresters.
An arrester is thermally
stable if after an
operating duty/Pollution
test causing temperature rise, the temperature or wattloss or resistive component
of current
of the resistor
elements decreases with time when, the arrester is energized
at a specified
continuous
operating voltage and at specified
ambient
conditions.
NOTE - Measurement of reference voltage is necessary for the se!ection,of, correct test sample in the
operating duty test ( 6.6 ).
Voltage ) of
a) Residual
b)
cl
current
current
impulses
impulse
of the following:
voltage
for
steep
impulse according to 6.4.1.
Residual voltage versus discharge
characteristic
for lightning
according to 6.4.2.
Residual voltage for switching
according to 6.4.3.
the
for
the
the
2.46.1 Lot
All the lightning arresters of the same type and
design manufactured under similar conditions
offered for acceptance : a lot
of production,
may consist of the whole or part of the quantity ordered.
3 IDENTIFICATION
RATINGS
AND STANDARD
equal voltage
ranges.
Table 1
within
specified
Steps of &Ned
Voltage, kV
Voltage, kV
(1)
0*1753:z
voltage
Range of Rated
(2)
Under Consideration
3
:s
:
6
d2
2;:
288 396
:82
396756
24
NOTEOther values
of rated voltage
may
accepted, provided they are multiples of 6.
of 60
steps
Lightning Impulse
Protection Level
----
Steep . Current
Prote~yonvel
lZX-
0.175
0.280
5kA
10 k.4
XE
1:OOO
iii
:.5
15
76.5
ii
30
1x.5
;:
102
108
114
if!0
132
180
186
198
216
330
75_
;;
z;
tr;
Switching
Protection
Level at 1 kA
:i
;:
24
if
57
60
130
200
210
220
240
310
330
355
380
4z
Z!
665
685
730
795
100
115
175
185
195
215
275
295
315
335
355
375
395
435
1osIZ
:!z
650
710
800
850
900
600
1565 ( at 20 kA)
1375 ( at 20 kA )
1230 ( at 2 kA )
612
624
636
1595 ( at 20 kA)
MOO(at20kA)
1255 ( at 2 k4 )
1630 ( at 20 kA )
1430 ( at 20 kA )
1280 ( at 2 kA )
1660 ( at 20 kA)
1455 ( at 20 kA )
1305 ( at 2 kA )
900
be
660
720
780
IS 3070 (
Part3 ) : 1993
4 ARRESTER CL$3SIFICATION
Por multi-column arresters the distribution of the current between the co!umns
shall be measured at the impulse current
used for
current
distribution
test
[ 7.1 (e)]. The highest current value shall
not be higher than an upper limit specified by the manufacturer.
6 TYPE TESTS
6.1 General
The following
type test
required in Table 7.
Insulation
withstand
test
( 6.2 )
current
the protective
impulse withstand
~.
.
This test is required. to dimonstrat e
that porcelain is fully vitrified.
9. Galvanizing
test on exposed
ferrous
metal parts : ( A nnex H ) This test is
required to verify that galvanizing is
adequaterto withstand
outdborexposure
of all ferrous metal parts.
,i
6.2 Insulation
Housing
6.2.1 General..
Withstand
Humidity
correction
applied for wet tests.
factor
shall
not
be
.2.?$
be subjected to a
voltage
dry test
h..
/*:.
IS3070(Part3):1!@3
&U-This
test for mechanical bending strength
is to be done on individual units as well as on
stacks with at least two assembled units on
type test basis. The equivalent
load to give
same bending moment at the base shall be
applied to the free end of the arrester
unit.
The direction of loading shall be at right angles
to the axis of the housing and shall pass
through the same axis. The bending moment
shall be specified by the purchaser
to cover
effects of wind loads, short circuit forces and
line lead pulls. ,On agreement with manufacturer and purchaser,
the test may also be done
as special acceptance
test.
( Clauses 6.2.7 )
~$Et
Voltage
Power Frequency
Test Voltage
kV rms
kV rms
(1)
0.440
1.0
(2)
2.5
3.5
Test
Voltage
kV Peak
Test
Voltage
kV Peak
(3)
(4)
10
14
40
3.6
10
1.2
12.0
28
,I5
24.0
50
125
20
60
IO
170
72.5
140
325
123
230
550
145
215
460
650
1 050
420
1 425
10-50
800
2400
1 550
36
245
w&g
IS 3070 .( Part
6.4.3
Alternatively,
for arrester with rated voltage
chooses to
below 1 kV - if the manufacturer
check only the reference voltage by routine
test - the maximum reference voltage shall be
specified. The measured residual voltages of the
test - sections are multiplied by the ratio of
the maximum arrester reference voltage to the
measured reference voltage of the test sections
to obtain maximum residual voltages for all
specified currents and wave shapes.
3 ) : 1993
Test
6.5.1 General
Before the tests the lightning impulse residual
voltage at nominal discharge current of each
test sample shall be measured for evaluation
purposes.
Each long duration current
impuise withstand
test shall be made in accordance
with 5.2
and 6.1 on three new samples of complete
arresters, arrester sections or resistor elements
which have not been subjected previously to
any test except that specified above for evalution purposes.
The non-linear
metal oxide
resistors
may be exposed to the laboratory
ambient air without ayy draft.
The air temperature should be withm 5 to 40C during these
tests. The rated voltage of the test samples
shall be at least 3 kV if the rated voltage of
the arrester
is not less than this and need
not exceed 6 kV. If an arrester disconnector
is built into the design of the arrester under
consideration,
these
tests must be made
with the disconnector
in operable condition
( see 6.8 ).
Visual examination
of the test samples after
the test shall reveal no evidence of puncture,
flashover, cracking or other significant damage
of the metal oxide resistors.
tested
sample must lie between 90
percent and 110 percent of the above
caIculated value for the first impulse and
between 100 percent and 110 percent of
this value for the following impulses.
6.5.2 )
Virtual
Duration
of Peak
T(ps)
(4)
2ooo
2000
2400
2800
3 200
Surge
Impedance
of the Line
Z(Q)
(1)
(2)
10 kA
1
2
3
4
5
10 kA
10 kA
20 kA
20 kA
U, = rated
voltage
(3)
4.9
2.4
1.3
0.8
0.5
An example of a suitable
bed in Annex E.
u,
U,
u,
U.
u,
in
Charging
Voltage UL
(5)
3.2 U,
3.2 U,
2.8 U,
2.6 U,
2.4 U,
r.m.s.
for
table
NOTE - The classes 1 to 5 of the preceding
correspond
to increasing
discharge
requirements.
The selection of the appropriate
discharge class is
based on system requirements
and is dealt with in
Annex B.
Requirements
( kV d.c. )
k\
of the peak.
( Clause 6.5.3 )
Virtual Duration
of Peak T @)
(1)
Peak Current
(A)
(2)
2.5 kA
5 kA
50
75
500
1000
Arreste~e~~msifi-
a) The virtual
(3)
6.6 Operating -
Duty Tests
6.6.1 General
6.6.2
Accelerated
Ageing Procedure
I If the manufacturer
can prove that the test carried out in open air is equivalent
to that carried
out
in the actual medium! the ageing procedure
can be
carried out in open air.
2 The medium surrounding
the resistor
within the
arrester mav be subiect to a modification
durina
the normal -life of t-he arrester.
A suitable
test
procedure taking account of such modification
is
under consideration.
3 If the surrounding
medium is a liquid or solid
material,
the ageing
procedure
shall be agreed
upon between manufacturer
and purchaser.
The critical
arrester
parameter
for passing
successfully the operating duty test is the resistor power loss. The operating duty test shall
therefore;
be carried out on new resistors at
elevated test voltage U, * and U, * that give the
same power losses as aged resistors at the
voltage values UC and U,. These elevated test
voltages shall be determined
from the accelerated ageing procedure
in the way described
in 6.6.2.2.
length
of the arrester
in
IS 5070 ( Parts)
: 1993
meters.
If lower values are claimed by the
manufacturer,
they must be demonstrated
by
voltage distribution
measurements
or computations.
Alternatively, if .&e Y&age distribution on each unit in a multi-unit arrester
is
determined by measurement or by calculation,
the
formula
is applied
on the maximum
stressed unit.
4 Where
a procedure
differing from the above
formula is employed, the details of the adopted
procedure for determination of voltage distribution
have to be agreed upon by the manufacturer
and
the purchaser taking into account possible arrester
mounting configuration in service.
rated
and
General
b) The
housing
requirements.
must
9 Meterial
meet
the
that of
percent.
the
following
as that
must
not be more than 10 percent greater
average
than the mass of the
porcelain
section of the arrester
being modelled.
to
Consequently,
the test sample must have a
transient and a steady state dissipation
capability and heat capacity
equivalent
to the
complete arrester if correct information
shall
be obtained
from the test. For the same
ambient conditions the nonlinear
metal oxide
resistors
in the sample and in the complete
arrester
should in principle
reach the same
temperature when subjected to the same voltage stress.
to
enclose the arrester section and the
amount of insulation at the two ends
shall be adjusted so as to meet the
thermal requirements
described
in
Annex C.
= Kct
1*
cl Maximum conductor
Table 6
( Clause 6 6.4.2 )
6.6.4.1 General
Arreeter ClPssiacation
10
25
65
100
.l*SkA
2.5 kA
5 kA
10 kA
20 kA
100
NOTE -According
to the conditions
in norma
service different
values ( lower or higher ) may be
adopted for the peak current.
deemed necessary
abnormal service
value is used for
the manufacturer
The tolerances on the adjustment of the equipment shah be such that the measured values
of the current impulses are within the following limits:
a) from 90 percent
to 110 percent
specified peak value,
of the
4
4
Iti1
(2)
(1
Peak Current
test the
shall be
front
time,
from 9 ,.,s to 11 ps for virtual time to half
on the tail,
the peak value of any opposite polarrty
current wave shall be less than 20 percent
of the peak value of the current,
small oscillations
on the impulse are
permissible provided their amplitude in
the neighbourhood
of the peak of the
impulse is less than 5 percent of the peak
value. Under these conditions
- for
the purpose of measurement - a mean
curve shall be accepted for determination
of the peak value.
ON CONTINUOUS
NOMINAL
DISCHARGE
6.6.5.1 General
This test applies to 10 kA line discharge classes
2 and 3 and 20 kA line discharge classes 4 and
5 arresters.
OPERATING
CURRENT
to
in
= NOMINAL
DISCHARGE
CURRENT
15
At the beginning of the switching surge operating duty test, that is befort--the
application
of two long duration
current
impulses, the
temperature
of the complete section shall be
70 f 3C and the ambient temperature
shall
be within 5 to 40C. If a higher temperature
is deemed necessary because of high pollution
then the
or abnormal
service conditions,
higher value is used for the test if agreed to
between manufacturer and purchaser.
6.6.6 Evaluation
of
Operating Duty Test
Thermal
Stability
in
the
Oscillographic
records of the voltage across
and current through the test sample shall be
made at the second long duration
current
impulse.
The energy dissipated by the test
sample during the second operation shall be
determined from the voltage and current oscillograms and the energy value shall be reported in
the type test report.
The current and voltage
shall be registered
continuously
during the
power frequency voltage application.
Voltage
of an Arrester
Versus
Time
In addition
This information
shall be presented as power
frequency voltage versus time curves with the
impulse energy consumption prior to this power
frequency
voltage application
stated on the
above-mentioned
curve.
NOTES
1 Such curves
are necessary
for the selection
of
arrester
rated voltage depending
on local system
conditions,
such as lightning, switching and temporary overvoltages.
2 The curves may be established
by calculations.
3 The temporary
overvoltage curve should cover the
time range from 0.1 s to 20 min. For arrester
to be
used in isolated
neutral
or resonant
coil earthed
systems without earth fault clearing,
the time
should be extended to 24 h.
If verification
of the power frequency voltage
versus time curve is agreed upon by the manufacturer
and the purchaser,
the procedure
described in Annex K shall be used.
~i.~n~ressure
NOTE -
Relief
Test -
In the interim
period,
( Under
Curve Test
considera-
refer Annex
G.
6.8.1 General
The parameters
of the test circuit should first
be adjusted, with the sample shunted by a link
of negligible impedance to produce the required
value of current. The closing switch should be
timed to close the circuit within a few electrical degrees of voltage crest so as to produce
nearly symmetrical current.
An opening switch
may be provided with provision for adjusting
time of current flow through the test sample.
This switch may be omitted when accurate
control over the current duration is not necessary. After the test circuit parameters, have
6.8.2 Current
Withstand Tests
Impulse
and
Operating
17
been adjusted,
the link
sample shall be removed.
shunting
the
test
For disconnectors which operate with an appreciable time delay, the time/current
curve test
shall be made by subjecting the test samples to
controlled
durations of current flow to determine the minimum duration for each of the
three current levels which will consistently
result in successful operation of the disconnector. For the point to be used for the time/
current
curve, successful operation
of the
disconnector must occur in five tests out of five
trials or, if one unsuccessful test occurs, five
additional tests at the same current level and
duration must result in successful operations.
e) Current
arrester.
AND ACCEPTANCE
requirement
by the manufacturer
a) Measurement
for routine
shall be:
of reference
voltage
distribution
tests to
NOTE
_.- _~ - If the rated voltage of the grows of
parallel resistors used in the design is to& high
compared to available test facilities, the rated
voltage of the group of parallel resistors used in
this test can be reduced by introducing intermeconncetions
between
the
diate
electrical
columns, thereby establishing several artificial
groups of parallel resistors. Each such artificial
group shall then pass the current distribution
test specified.
( Uref )
(1)
Rated
Voltage
(2)
Ur ( kV rms )
Insulation withstand
housing arrester
Residual
a) Steep
voltage
Voltage
test on the
Test
impulse
current
test
1.5 kA
(6)
(4)
(5)
39O<Ur
<720
3 < Ur
< 390
Ur < 138
Ur c 36
Clauses
6.2.6
6.2.7
Clauses
6.2.6
6.2.7
6.2.8
Clauses
6.2.6
6.2.8
Clauses
6 2.6
6.2.8
Table 8
Table 8
Table 8
Table 8
Table 8
. .
zYes
Clauses
6.4.1
Clauses
6.4.1
Clauses
6.4.1
zYses
. .
residual
Ur c 0.66
Clauses
6.2.6
6.2.8
b) Lightning
test
impulse
residual
voltage
6.4.2
6.4.2
6.4.2
6.4.2
6.4.2
c) Switching
test
impulse
residual
voltage
6.4.3
6.4.3
Not
required
Not
required
Not
required
Clause
6.5.2
Clause
6.5.2
Clause
6.5.3
Clause
6.5.3
Nor
required
Clause
6.6.4
zse. .
Clause
6.6.4
Clause
6.6.4
Clause
6.6.4
Table 6
Table 6
Table 6
Table 6
Table 6
Clause
6.6.5,
Table 4
Clause
6.6.5,
Table 4
Not
required
Not
required
Not
required
versus
Clause
6.6.7
Clause
6.6.7
Clause
6.6.7
Clause
6.6.7
Clause
6.6.7
with
Clause
6.7
Clause
6.7
Clause
6.7
Not
required
Not
required
Clause
6.8
Clause
6.8
Clause
6.8
Clause
6.8
Clause
6.8
4.
Long
duration
withstand test
5.
Operating
current
impulse
duty test
a) High current
duty test
b) Switching
test
impulse
surge
operating
operating -
6.
Power
frequency
time curve
7.
Pressure
relief
relief device )
8.
Arrester
disconnector
9.
Artificial
pollution
voltager
( when
duty_
fitted
( when fitted )
<
test
--Refer
Annex J-
Test
Measurement
of power frequency reference voltage on the complete arrester
at the reference current measured at the
bottom
of the arrester.
The measured
19
ment between
prior
to the
assembly.
PC*
Any alteration
in number of test samples or
type of test shall be negotiated
between the
manufacturer and the purchaser.
7.3 Special Thermal Stability Test
The following
test
requires
additional
PREHEAT TO 7DXXSC
IMPULSE,
HIGH CURRENT
agree-
4/10
AS SHORT AS POSSIBLE
NOT LONGER THAN 1OOms
RATED
VOLTAGE,
CONTINUOUS
FIG.
manufacturer
and purchaser
commencement
of arrester
SEE
6.6.4.2
SEE
6.6.4.2
..-
10s
7=*
OPERATING
VOLTAGE
30
min
[ PREHEAT
r LONG
TO 7D.C
SC
DURATION
CURRENT
IMPULSE
SEE
6.5.2
DURATION
CURRENT
IMPULSE
SEE
6.5.2
SEE
6.6.5.2
SO-6Ds
LONG
AS SHORT AS POSSIBLE
NOT LONGER THAN 1OOms
RATED
VOLTAGE,
: CONTINUOUS
FIG.
10s
OPERATING
+,
VOLTAGE
30
THERMALSTABILITYTEST
ON
AND
mln
10 kA ARRESTERSLINE DISCHARGECLASSES2, 3
20
IS 3070 ( Part 3
) : 4993
ANNEXA
( Clause 1.2.2 )
ABNORMAL
CONDITIONS
SEW
humidity,
altitudes
higher
conditions
( earth8. Abnormal mechanical
quakes and wind speed in excess of that
conditon or
specified in normal service
vibration ice loads.
than
1000 m.
3. Fumes or vapours
4. Excessive
contamination
by smoke, dirt,
salt spray or other conducting materials.
9. Unusual transportation
10. Rated frequencies
52 Hz.
or storage.
below 48 Hz and
above
ANNEX B
( Table 4 )
The parameters
of the distributed
constant
impulse generator in Table 4 have been specified
to obtain increasing energies with increasing
discharge class for arresters having a given
ratio of switching impulse residual voltage to
rated voltage.
The energy generated in the
arrester during the test, however, is strongly
,dependent on the actual
switching
impulse
residual voltage of the tested resistors.
This
energy. can be determined
with sufficient
accuracy from the following formula:
xux
Z
CLASS
class
is
1. Determine
u*
W
rkJ1
-#
0
1
2
3
4
FIG. 5
SPECIFIC
ENERGY IN kJ PER kV RATING DEPENDENTON THB RATIO OF
SWITCHINGIMPULSERESIDUALVOLTAGE( U, ) TO THEr.m.s. VALUE OF,THE
RATED VOLTAGEUr OF THE ARRESTER
.
22
IS307O(Part3): 1993
ANNEX
( Clause 6.6.3.2)
TEST To VERIFY THERMAL EQUIVALENCY BETWEEN
ARRESTER AND ARRESTER SECTION
COMPLETE
ANN=
( Clause 6.6.4 )
TYPICAL CIRCUIT FOR HIGH CURRENT
It is the purpose of this Annex to suggest a suitable test circuit ( as per Fig. 6 given below )
for use in the high current impulse o erasing
duty test ( see 6.6.4 ) and to describe t Ke function of the various circuit components
rather
than to specify a standard test circuit which
shall be used in all tests wherever made. The
requirements for the operating duty test such as
IMPULSE OPERATINGDUTY
TEST
the power-frequency
voltage and the characteristic of the current impulse are described earlier.
The exact method by which these requirements
are met is not important.
There are many
possible variations both in the agreement of the
circuit and in the choice of values for the
various components.
23.
IS 3070 ( Part
3) : 1993
TO C.R.0
OR M.O.
YInoN
TRIPPING
DEVICE
kKY
PLY
C. R. 0. = Cathode Ray Oscillograph
FIG. 6
TYPICAL
V. 0.
= Voltage
M. 0.
s.
= Switch
Divider
Magnetic
Oscillograph
24
Is 3070 (
PartQ).:
1993
ANNEXE
( Clause 6.5 )
TYPICAL CIRCUIT FOR A DISTRIBUTED-CONSTANT
IMPULSE GENERATOR
FOR THE LONG DURATION CURRENT IMPULSE WITHSTAND
TEST
It is the purpose of this Annex to give the principle of a suitable test circuit for use in the long
duration Current hIpUke
withstand test and to
describe the function
of the various circuit
components
rather than to specify a standard
test circuit which shall be used in all tests.
The requirements
of waveshape,
duration,
charging voltage, load resistor, interval between
impulses, etc are given in the test specification.
The exact method by which these requirements
are met is immaterial, there are many possible
variations both in the circuit and in the Choice
of values for the various components.
Frg- 7
shows a simplified diagram of a distributed
constant impulse generator.
The surge impedance of the generator is determined by:
-C3
discharge
Of
the
distributed
ConStaUt
OSCILLOGRAPH
FIG. 7
TYPICALDISTRIBUTED-CONSTANT
IWULSE GENBRATORFORTHE I~NG
DURATIONI~ULSE TEST
25
IS 3070 ( Part
3 ) : 1993
&NlVEF F
( &we
6.6.4.1 )
90 percent
specified
peak
to
110 perceiit
The complete
Fig. 8.
value.
b)
is illustrated
in
NOTE - To reproduce
actual
system
conditions
the last high current impulse is preferably
applied
while the same is energized at Ur*. In View
of
practical
limitation
in the test circuit. a delay of
100 ms is permitted.
of the
C)
test sequence
to
Clause Reference
Test
1.
Rated
(1)
voltage
(2)
Ur ( kVms )
3<Ur<60
2.
Ir,sulation
withstand
3.
4.
Long duration
current
impulse
withstand
5.
housing
Power frequency
7.
Pressure
relief
8.
Arresters
disconnector
9.
Artificial
pollution
test (
6.4.1
6.4.2
Not required
6.5.2
test
6.6.4
Not required
duty test
test
6.6.7
6.
6.2.6, 6.2.8
6.7
6.8
( when fitted )
Annex J
test
26
IS 3070 (Part
SEE 6.6.4.2
AS SHORT AS POSSBLE
NOT LONGER THAN 100ms
RATED VOLTAGE,
~CONTINUOUS
FIG. 9
3 ) : 1993
SEE 6.6.4.2
10s
OPERATING
VOLTAGE
30
mln
ANNEX G
( Clause 6.7 )
PRESSURE
RELIEF
G-l GENERAL
When an arrester is fitted with a pressure
relief device it shall be tested in accordance
with this annex.
The test is made to show that
an arrester
failure will not cause explosive
G-l.1
of the test
supply shall be
TESTS
~-2 IIIGII-CURRENT
TESTS :
PRESSURE-RELIEF
The impedance of the test circuit shall be adjusted to produce not less than the symmetrical
rms fault current
of one of the pressure
relief classes given in Table 9. The test
current shall be allowed to flow for at least the
required duration during tests on the sample,
although shorter times may be adequate for tests
to measure. the prospective
current and to
adjust thecircuit.
Tests shall be made on a single-phase circuit and
at a voltage of 77 percent to 107 percent of the
rated voltage of the arrester, whenever possible
(, G2.1. ). However,
it is expected
that
tests on high voltage arresters will be made at
a testing station which will not have sufficient
power to make the tests on all arresters at 77
percent of the rated voltage.
Accordingly,
two alternative procedures for making the high
current pressure relief tests are given in 6-2.2
and G-2.3.
.t
IS 3070 ( Part
3 ) : 1993
NOTES
1 The 77 percent
voltage corresponds
to the voltage
applied to an arrester
whose voltage
rating is 75
percent of the syStem phase-to-phase
voltage that is,
at a location
having an earth fault factor of 1~3.
For locations having 1.39 or l-73 earth fault factors,
the phase-to-earth
voltage would be 72 percent or 58
percent of the arrester voltage rating respectively.
2 When testing
at reduced
voltage,
test circuit
adjusted
to comply with G-2.2 or G-2.3 will often
produce a higher symmetrical
current
through the
arrester, than would be obtained during tests at full
voltage.
Rated
Voltage
The prospective current shall first be measured
by making a test with the arrester shunted by a
solid link of negligible impedance.
The circuit
parameters
and timing of the closing switch
shall be such that the r.m.s. value of the ac
component
of the current
shall equal or
exceed the appropriate
value for the pressurerelief class given in Table 9 and the peak
value of the current in the first major loop shall
be at least 2 6 times the minimum prospective
symmetrical fault current.
Arrester
r----~
Nominal
F;;F;rtp
kA
(1)
1!
16
5
Line
Dis$;;ge
Minimum
Prospective
Sym;;uFcai
Current
kArms
20,lO
20,lO
10
10
10
10
5.2.5
5, 2.5
80
63
50
40
20
G-2 )
Classification*
(2)
Tests
(3)
534
5,4
423
3.2
*,I
291
1000,500 ps Pt
1000,500 p Pt
(4)
80
63
50
40
20
10
16
5
*The association
of a specific pressure-relief
CkWS
classification
is under examination.
Those tabulated above are to be taken as
only indicative.
with
Pt -
specific arrester
Virtual
duration
of peak asdefined
in Table 5,
ANNEX H
( Clause 6.1 )
TEMPERATURE CYCLE TEST
H-l The_ hollow insulator initially at ambient
temperature
shall be quickly immersed, without being placed in an intermediate
container,
in a water-bath
maintained at a temperature
tC above that of the cold water and shall
remain submerged for a period of ( 15+0#7 m )
minutes
with a maximum
of 3? minutes
( M being the mass of the hollow Insulator m
kilograms ). It shall then be withdrawn and
quickly immersed in the bath of cold water
where it shall remain submerged for the same
number of minutes.
28
Temperat?
Difference
(1
(2)
c 30
> 30
70
59
H-7 The absence of such deterioration is considered verified if the hollow insulator passes the
electrical routine tests described in IS 5621 :
1980.
Table 10
Temperature
Thickness
(9
D! mmax 10
(1)
DL<104
DL\<410
55
410 C DL9655
H-3 )
-Y-d-
<23
(2)
60
Cycle Test
23c 1$<26
(31
55
26< 4
< 32 32< 4
<36
36<
r$
443
43~ 4
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
50
45
40
35
55
50
45
40
35
50
50
50
45
40
35
45
45
45
45
40
35
40
40
40
40
40
35
1150< DaLg2000
35
35
35
35
35
35
104 c
DaL. > 2000 Subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
the greatest external diameter over the sheds of the hollow insulator, expressed in millimetres
D=
L=
the height of the hollow insulator, expressed in millimetres
the greatest thickness of material defined as the diameter, expressed in millimetres, of the
4 largest circle which can be inscribed in the outline of a section through the axis of the hollow
insulator ( see Fig. 1 ).
NOTE - The temperature differences in Table 10 apply to insulators of parallel or tapered internal shape
Insulators are considered not to offer free
which allow free access of water to the interior on immersion.
1.1
access of water if the smallest internal diameter is less than 0.25 times the largest internal diameter.
such cases, the value of t shall be agreed between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
-
29
1S3070(Part5):1993
NOTE -
(1)
Average Coating
Weight, Min
TEST ON METAL
-m
g/m2
610
460
340
610
300
270
ANNEX J
( Table 8 )
ARTIFICIAL
POLLUTION
TESTING OF METAL OXIDE SURGE ARRESTERS
WITH PORCELAIN HOUSING
voltage on the arrester, except for infrequent +
non-consecutive,
half-cycle voltage dips of no
more than 5 percent during leakage current
pulses.
J-3 TEST SPECIMEN PREPARATION AND
MOUNTING
J-3.1 Test specimen preparation and mountingthermal stability of an arrester shall be demonstrated through measurement
of one or more
of the following:
arrester temperature;
resistive component of
leakage current; or wattloss.
If stability is to be demonstrated by temperature
measurement, then a temperature sensing device
( such as a thermocouple ) shall be installed in
each arrester section immediately adjacent to
a valve element.
The arrester to be tested shall be assembled
completely as it is intended to be used in service
except as noted above.
TEST VOLTAGE
a) Water
b) Bentonite,
5 g/l of water
d) Sodium Chloride
The volume resistivity of the slurry shall range
between 4 to 5 m and can be adjusted by the
addition of sodium chloride.
Volume resistivity shall be measured at a temperature
of 5
to 40C with a low-voltage conductivity
bridge.
J-5 TEST PROCEDURE
J-5.1 The test shall be conducted
to the following steps:
according
clean and
Washing
with a detergent
may be necessary to
remove oil films, but the detergent should
be thoroughly rinsed off with water.
b) The arrester
demonstrates
thermal
parts
de-energized,
the contaminant shall be applied to all porcelain
surfaces of the lower-half of the arrester,
ANNEXK
( Clause 6.6.7 )
PROCEDURE TO VERIFY THE POWER FREQUENCY VOLTAGE VERSUS
TIME CHARACTERISTICS OF AN ARRESTER
main text _ depending
on the
___
arrester, shall be used.
verification
of power
When the experimental
frequency voltage versus time curve supplied by
the manufacturer is agreed upon by the manufacturer and the purchaser, the last part of the
duty test specified in Fig. 1, 2 and 7 in the
category
of the
IS 3070 ( Part
3 ),i.l9!g
in the first
ANNElXL
( Foreword )
TYPICAL INFORMATION
L-l INFORMATION
I .,
Frequency
-- Maximum
value of temporary
overvoltages and their maximum durations
( Earth fault, loss of load, ferroresonance )
-
Insulation
protected
level
of
Maximum
symmetrical
current of the system
location.
equipment
to
be
short
at the
circuit
arrester
b) System
possibility of generator overspeeding
( voltage versus time characteristics
)
- nominal power frequency other than 48
to 52 Hz
- load rejection
and simultaneous
earth
faults
- formation during faults of a part of the
system with an insulated
neutral in a
earthed-neutral
normally
effectively
system
- faulty compensation
of the earth-fault
current bending load requirement
L-l.3
Arrester Duty
a) Connection
-
to system:
phase to earth
neutral to earth
phase to phase
reactors
- HF-reactors
- other equipment of substations
- gas insulated substations ( GIS )
- capacitor banks
c) Maximum length of high voltage conductor between arrester and equipment
to be protected ( protection distance )
L-1.4 Characteristics
-
Continuous
L-l.6
Conditions
of Arrester
operating voltage
In addition :
- Reference current and voltage at ambient
temperature. ( 1.4 ).
- Power frequency
voltage
versus time
characteristics ( Annex G )
- Lightning impulse residual voltage at 0.5,
1 and 2 times the nominal discharge
current. If complete arrester acceptance
test cannot be carried out at one of
those currents the residual voltage shall
in addition be specified for current in
the range of 0.01 to 0.25 times the nominal discharge current ( see 6.4 ).
- Pressure relief device details
_- Clearances.
Mounting specifications.
- Possibilities of mounting.
Drilling plans.
Insulating base. Bracket.
- Type of arrester terminals and conductor
size.
- Maximum
permissible
length of lead
between arrester and surge counter and
between surge counter and earth.
- Dimensions and weights.
- Cantilever
strength.
Medium of filling used in the arresters.
- Pollution withstand capability.
- Partial discharge levels.
Rated voltage
Steep current impulse residual voltage
Standard nominal discharge current and
residual voltages
- Switching current impulses and residual
voltages
For 10 kA and 20 kA arresters the respective long duration discharge class
( Clause 6.6.4 )
- Pressure relief capability
current
,( Clause 6.7 )
- Length and shape of creepage distance
of arrester housing.
Selected on the
basis of service experience with surge
arresters and/or other types of equipment
in the actual area.
- Pollution
Withstand Capability
as per
Annex I.
1.5 Additional Equipment and Fittings
-
orientation
if other than
Mounting
vertical.
Insulated base. Earth lead disconnector
if required.
Cross section of connection lead.
33
required
In the preparation
of this standard considerable
assistance has been derived
( Central Office ) 38 Surge Arresters Part 1 : Metal Oxide Surge Arresters Without
systems issued by the International
Electrotechnical
Commission ( IEC ).
from IEC 37
gaps for A.C.
Standard Mark
The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisrons of the Bureau of Indian
Standards Act, 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Marlr
on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assurance that they have been
produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system
of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and
Standard marked products are also continuously
checked by
operated by the producer.
Details of conditions under
BlS for conformity to that standard as a further safeguard.
whrch a licence for the use of the Standard Mark may be granted to manufacturers or
producers may be obtained from the Bureau of Indian Standards.
Amend No.
BUREAU OF INDIAN
Text Affected
STANDARDS
Headquarters:
,-
110002
Telegrams
( Common
: Manaksanstha
to all
Telephone
Regional Offices :
Central
NEW DELHI
-%
Offices )
110002
33101 31
i 331 13 75
37 84 99,
37 86 26,
37 85 61
37 86 62
53 38 43,
53 23 84
53 16 40
160036
Southern
Western
: Manakalaya,
235 02 16,
235 15 19,
235 04 42
235 23 15
Printers.
Aligarh.
India