Swift Interview Questions and Answers PDF

6/22/2016
SwiftInterviewQuestionsandAnswers
Swift Interview Questions and Answers

AntonioBelloonAugust25,2015
Ifyou'renewhere,youmaywanttosubscribetomyRSSfeedorfollowmeonTwitter.Thanksforvisiting!
EventhoughSwiftisonlyayearold,itsalreadyoneofthemost
popularlanguages.Itssyntaxlooksveryeasysoeasythat
whenitwasannouncedJavaScriptdevelopersfeltliketheimage
totheright.
Inreality,Swift,isacomplexlanguage.Itembracesbothobject
orientedandfunctionalapproaches,anditsstillevolvingwith
eachnewrelease.
TheresalottoSwiftbuthowcanyoutesthowmuchyouve
learned?Inthisarticle,theraywenderlich.comTutorialTeamand
IhaveputtogetheralistofsampleSwiftinterviewquestions.
Youcanusethesequestionstointerviewcandidatestotesttheir
Swiftknowledge,ortestyourown!Andifyoudontknowthe
answer,dontworry:eachquestionhasasolutionsoyoucan
learn.
Thequestionsaresplitintotwosections:
Writtenquestions:Goodtoincludeinatakebyemail
programmingtest,sinceitsometimesinvolveswritingabit
ofcode.
Verbalquestions:Goodtoaskoverthephoneorinafacetofaceinterview,astheycanbeansweredmoreeasily
verbally.
Also,eachsectionissplitintothreelevels:
Beginner:SuitableforabeginnertoSwift,whosreadabookortwoonthesubjectandstartedworkingwithSwiftin
theirownapps.
Intermediate:Suitableforsomeonewhosgotastronginterestinlanguageconcepts,whohasbeenreadingalotof
blogpostsaboutSwiftandexperimentingwithitfurther.
Advanced:Suitableforthebestofthebestonlyfolkswhoenjoythoroughlyexploringthelanguage,challenging
themselves,andusingthecuttingedgetechniques.
Ifyouwanttotryansweringthesequestions,IsuggestyoukeepaPlaygroundopentoplaywiththecodeattachedtothe
questionbeforeanswering.AnswersweretestedagainstXcode7.0beta6.
Ready?Buckleup,itstimetogo!
Note:Specialthankstoraywenderlich.comTutorialTeammembersWarrenBurton,GregHeo,MikaelKonutgan,Tim
Mitra,LukeParham,RuiPeres,andRayWenderlichwhohelpedmecomeupwithsomeofthesequestions,andtest
themfordifficultylevel.
https://www.raywenderlich.com/110982/swiftinterviewquestionsanswers
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Written Questions
Beginners
Hellothere,padowan.Illstartyouoffwiththebasics.
Question#1Swift1.0orlater
Whatsabetterwaytowritethisforloopwithranges?
for var i = 0; i < 5; i++ {
print("Hello!")
}
SolutionInside:Answer
Show
Considerthefollowing:
struct Tutorial {
var difficulty: Int = 1
}
var tutorial1 = Tutorial()

var tutorial2 = tutorial1
tutorial2.difficulty = 2
Whatsthevalueoftutorial1.difficultyandtutorial2.difficulty?WouldthisbeanydifferentifTutorialwasa
class?Why?
Show
view1isdeclaredwithvar,andview2isdeclaredwithlet.Whatsthedifferencehere,andwillthelastlinecompile?
import UIKit
var view1 = UIView()

view1.alpha = 0.5
let view2 = UIView()

view2.alpha = 0.5 // Will this line compile?
Show
Thiscodesortsanarrayofnamesalphabeticallyandlookscomplicated.Simplifyitandtheclosureasmuchasyoucan.
let animals = ["fish", "cat", "chicken", "dog"]
let sortedAnimals = animals.sort { (one: String, two: String) -> Bool in
return one < two
}
Show
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Thiscodecreatestwoclasses,AddressandPerson,anditcreatestwoinstancestorepresentRayandBrian.
class Address {
var fullAddress: String
var city: String
init(fullAddress: String, city: String) {

self.fullAddress = fullAddress
self.city = city
}
}
class Person {
var name: String
var address: Address
init(name: String, address: Address) {

self.name = name
self.address = address
}
}
var headquarters = Address(fullAddress: "123 Tutorial Street", city: "Appletown")

var ray = Person(name: "Ray", address: headquarters)
var brian = Person(name: "Brian", address: headquarters)
SupposeBrianmovestothenewbuildingacrossthestreet,soyouupdatehisrecordlikethis:
brian.address.fullAddress = "148 Tutorial Street"
Whatsgoingonhere?Whatswrongwiththis?
Show
Intermediate
Nowtostepupthedifficultyandthetrickiness.Areyouready?
Considerthefollowing:
var optional1: String? = nil
var optional2: String? = .None
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Whatsthedifferencebetweenniland.None?Howdotheoptional1andoptional2variablesdiffer?
Show
Heresamodelofathermometerasaclassandastruct:
public class ThermometerClass {
private(set) var temperature: Double = 0.0
public func registerTemperature(temperature: Double) {
self.temperature = temperature
}
}
let thermometerClass = ThermometerClass()

thermometerClass.registerTemperature(56.0)
public struct ThermometerStruct {

private(set) var temperature: Double = 0.0
public mutating func registerTemperature(temperature: Double) {
}
}
let thermometerStruct = ThermometerStruct()

thermometerStruct.registerTemperature(56.0)
Thiscodefailstocompile.Where?Why?
Tip:ReaditcarefullyandthinkaboutitabitbeforetestingitinaPlayground.
Show
Whatwillthiscodeprintoutandwhy?
var thing = "cars"
let closure = { [thing] in

print("I love \(thing)")
}
thing = "airplanes"
closure()
Show
Heresaglobalfunctionthatcountsthenumberofuniquevaluesinanarray:
func countUniques<T: Comparable>(array: Array<T>) -> Int {
let sorted = array.sort(<)
let initial: (T?, Int) = (.None, 0)
let reduced = sorted.reduce(initial) { ($1, $0.0 == $1 ? $0.1 : $0.1 + 1) }
return reduced.1
}
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Ituses<and==operators,soitrestrictsTtotypesthatimplement,theComparableprotocol.
Youcallitlikethis:
countUniques([1, 2, 3, 3]) // result is 3
RewritethisfunctionasanextensionmethodonArraysothatyoucanwritesomethinglikethis:
[1, 2, 3, 3].countUniques() // should print 3
Show
Here'safunctiontocalculatedivisionsgiventotwo(optional)doubles.Therearethreepreconditionstoverifybefore
performingtheactualdivision:
Thedividendmustcontainanonnilvalue
Thedivisormustcontainanonnilvalue
Thedivisormustnotbezero
func divide(dividend: Double?, by divisor: Double?) -> Double? {
if dividend == .None {
return .None
}
if divisor == .None {
return .None
}
if divisor == 0 {
return .None
}
return dividend! / divisor!

}
Thiscodeworksasexpectedbuthastwoissues:
Thepreconditionscouldtakeadvantageoftheguardstatement
Itusesforcedunwrapping
Improvethisfunctionusingtheguardstatementandavoidtheusageofforcedunwrapping.
Show
Oh,hithere.You'renowatthemidpointandIseeyou'regoingstrong.Shallweseehowyoufarewithsomeadvanced
questions?
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Advanced
Considerthefollowingstructurethatmodelsathermometer:
public struct Thermometer {
public var temperature: Double
public init(temperature: Double) {
}
}
Tocreateaninstance,youcanobviouslyusethiscode:
var t: Thermometer = Thermometer(temperature:56.8)
Butitwouldbenicertoinitializeitthisway:
var thermometer: Thermometer = 56.8
Canyou?How?Hint:ithastodowithconvertibles,butnotconvertibleslikeCamarosandMustangs:)
Show
Swifthasasetofpredefinedoperatorsthatperformdifferenttypesofoperations,suchasarithmeticorlogic.Italsoallows
creatingcustomoperators,eitherunaryorbinary.
Defineandimplementacustom^^poweroperatorwiththefollowingspecifications:
TakestwoIntsasparameters
Returnsthefirstparameterraisedtothepowerofthesecond
Ignorespotentialoverflowerrors
Show
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Canyoudefineanenumerationwithrawvalueslikethis?Why?
enum Edges : (Double, Double) {
case TopLeft = (0.0, 0.0)
case TopRight = (1.0, 0.0)
case BottomLeft = (0.0, 1.0)
case BottomRight = (1.0, 1.0)
}
Show
ConsiderthefollowingcodethatdefinesPizzaasastructandPizzeriaasaprotocol,withanextensionthatincludesa
defaultimplementationforthemethodmakeMargherita():
struct Pizza {
let ingredients: [String]
}
protocol Pizzeria {
func makePizza(ingredients: [String]) -> Pizza
func makeMargherita() -> Pizza
}
extension Pizzeria {
func makeMargherita() -> Pizza {
return makePizza(["tomato", "mozzarella"])
}
}
You'llnowdefinetherestaurantLombardisasfollows:
struct Lombardis: Pizzeria {
func makePizza(ingredients: [String]) -> Pizza {
return Pizza(ingredients: ingredients)
}
func makeMargherita() -> Pizza {
return makePizza(["tomato", "basil", "mozzarella"])
}
}
ThefollowingcodecreatestwoinstancesofLombardi's.Whichofthetwowillmakeamargheritawithbasil?
let lombardis1: Pizzeria = Lombardis()
let lombardis2: Lombardis = Lombardis()
lombardis1.makeMargherita()
lombardis2.makeMargherita()
Show
Thefollowingcodehasacompiletimeerror.Canyouspotwhereandwhyithappens?
struct Kitten {
}
func showKitten(kitten: Kitten?) {

guard let k = kitten else {
print("There is no kitten")
}
print(k)
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}
Hint:Therearethreewaystofixit.
Show
Verbal Questions
You'regood,butyoucan'tclaimjedistatusyet.Anybodycanfigureoutthecode,buthowdoyoudowithmoreopenended
questionsoftheoryandpractice?
ToanswersomeofthemyoustillmightneedtoplaywiththecodeinaPlayground.
Beginners
Whatisanoptionalandwhatproblemdooptionalssolve?
Show
Whenshouldyouuseastructure,andwhenshouldyouuseaclass?
Show
Whataregenericsandwhatproblemdotheysolve?
Show
Thereareafewcaseswhenyoucan'tavoidusingimplicitlyunwrappedoptionals.When?Why?
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Show
Whatarethevariouswaystounwrapanoptional?Howdotheyrateintermsofsafety?
Hint:Thereareatleastsevenways.
Show
Intermediate
Timetorachetupthechallengehere.Seemsyou'redoingjustfinesofar,butlet'sseeifyoumakeitthroughthesequestions.
IsSwiftanobjectorientedlanguageorafunctionallanguage?
Show
WhichofthefollowingfeaturesareincludedinSwift?
1.Genericclasses
2.Genericstructs
3.Genericprotocols
Show
InObjectiveC,aconstantcanbedeclaredlikethis:
const int number = 0;
HereistheSwiftcounterpart:
let number = 0
Isthereanydifferencebetweenthem?Ifyes,canyouexplainhowtheydiffer?
Show
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Todeclareastaticpropertyorfunctionyouusethestaticmodifieronvaluetypes.Here'sanexampleforastructure:
struct Sun {
static func illuminate() {}
}
Forclasses,it'spossibletouseeitherthestaticortheclassmodifier.Theyachievethesamegoal,butinrealitythey're
different.Canyouexplainhowtheydiffer?
Show
Canyouaddastoredpropertybyusinganextension?Explain.
Show
Advanced
Ohboy,you'reacleverone,aren'tyou?It'stimetostepitupanothernotch.
Question#1Swift1.2
InSwift1.2,canyouexplaintheproblemwithdeclaringanenumerationwithgenerictypes?TakeforexampleanEither
enumerationwithtwogenerictypesTandV,withTusedastheassociatedvaluetypeforaLeftcaseandVforaRight
case:
enum Either<T, V> {
case Left(T)
case Right(V)
}
Protip:InspectthiscaseinanXcodeproject,notinaPlayground.AlsonoticethatthisquestionisrelatedtoSwift1.2
soyou'llneedXcode6.4.
Show
Areclosuresvalueorreferencetypes?
Show
TheUInttypeisusedtostoreunsignedintegers.Itimplementsthefollowinginitializerforconvertingfromasignedinteger:
init(_ value: Int)
However,thefollowingcodegeneratesacompiletimeerrorexceptionifyouprovideanegativevalue:
let myNegative = UInt(-1)
Knowingthatanegativenumberisinternallyrepresented,usingtwo'scomplementasapositivenumber,howcanyou
convertanIntnegativenumberintoanUIntwhilekeepingitsmemoryrepresentation?
Show
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Show
CanyoudescribeasituationwhereyoumightgetacircularreferenceinSwift,andhowyou'dsolveit?
Show
Swift2.0featuresanewkeywordtomakerecursiveenumerations.HereisanexampleofsuchanenumerationwithaNode
casethattakestwoassociatedvaluetypes,TandList:
enum List<T> {
case Node(T, List<T>)
}
What'sthatkeyword?
Show
Where To Go From Here?

Congratsonmakingittotheend,anddon'tfeelbadifyoudidn'tactuallyknowalltheanswers!
SomeofthesequestionsareprettycomplicatedandSwiftisarich,expressivelanguage.There'salottolearn.Moreover,
Applekeepsimprovingitwithnewfeatures,soeventhebestofusmaynotknowitall.
TogettoknowSwiftorbuilduponwhatyoualreadyknow,besuretocheckoutourindepth,tutorialrichbook,Swiftby
Tutorials,orsignupforourhandsontutorialconferenceRWDevCon!
Ofcourse,theultimateresourceforallaspectsofSwiftistheofficialTheSwiftProgrammingLanguagebyApple.
Attheendoftheday,usingalanguageisthebestwaytolearnit.JustplaywithitinaPlaygroundoradoptitinarealproject.
Swiftworks(almost)seamlesslywithObjectiveC,sobuildingonanexistingprojectyoualreadyknowisanexcellentwayto
learntheinsandouts.
Thanksforvisitingandworkingthroughthesequestions!Feelfreetochimeinbelowwithyourquestions,problemsand
discoveries.Iwouldn'tmindifyouwantedtoposesomeofyourownchallengestoo.Wecanalllearnfromeachother.See
youintheforums!
AntonioBello
Antonioisaveterancodewriterwhostartedtappingonkeyboardswhenmemorywas
measuredinbytesinsteadofgigabytes,storagewasanoptionaladdon,andthemost
usedlanguagewasBASIC.
TodayhelovesdevelopingiOSapps,writingnode.jsbackends,andhenevermissesa
chancetolearnsomethingnew.
HefindsSwiftaveryexpressivelanguage,andstillthinksObjectiveCisgreatand
unconventional.
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6/22/2016

Swift Interview Questions and Answers

var tutorial1 = Tutorial()

var view1 = UIView()

let view2 = UIView()

init(fullAddress: String, city: String) {

init(name: String, address: Address) {

var headquarters = Address(fullAddress: "123 Tutorial Street", city: "Appletown")

let thermometerClass = ThermometerClass()

public struct ThermometerStruct {

let thermometerStruct = ThermometerStruct()

let closure = { [thing] in

return dividend! / divisor!

func showKitten(kitten: Kitten?) {

Where To Go From Here?

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