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Outline of Cases
Part I
Introduction
A. The Constitution as a social contract
B. A framework for constitutional litigation
Francisco v. House of Rep., G.R. No. 160261, Nov.10, 2003
Part II
Amendment of the Constitution
A. Amendment vs. Revision
B. Proposal
1. By Congress as a constituent assembly
2. By Constitutional Convention
Gonzales vs. Comelec, 21 SCRA 774 (1968)
3. By the people thru initiative (See R.A. 6735 August 4, 1989)
Santiago vs. Comelec, G.R. 127325, March 19, 1997
Lambino v. COMELEC, G.R. 174153, Oct. 25, 2006
C. Submission
Tolentino vs. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702 (1971)
D. Ratification
Part II
Judicial Review
A. Separation of Powers
In Re: Laureta and Maravilla, 148 SCRA 382 (1987)
Demetria vs Alba, 148 SCRA 208 (1987)
B. Theory and Justification of Judicial Review
Angara vs. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139 (1936)
C. Justiciable and Political Questions
Miranda v. Aguirre, G.R. No. 133064, September 16, 1999
Francisco v. House of Rep., supra
La Bugal-BLaan v. Ramos, G.R. No. 127882. Dec. 1, 2004
D. Requisites of Judicial Review
1. Actual Case or Controversy
Prematurity:
PACU vs Secretary of Education, 97 Phil. 806 (1955)
Mariano vs Comelec, G.R. No. 119694 March 7, 1995
Montesclaros v. Comelec, G.R. No. 152295. July 9, 2002
Mootness:
Atlas Fertilizer v. Sec, DAR, G.R. No. 93100, June 19, 1997
Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001
Exceptions to Mootness:
Sanlakas v. Executive Secretary, G.R. 159085, February 3, 2004
Pimentel v. Ermita, G.R. 164978, October 13, 2005
2. Proper Party
Joya vs PCGG, G.R. 96541, August 24, 1993
Agan v. PIATCO, G.R. No. 155001, May 5, 2003
CHR Employees Assoc. v. CHR, G.R. 155336, Nov. 25, 2004
Automotive Industry Workers Alliance v. Romulo, G.R. 157509, Jan. 18, 2005
Citizen Standing:
Tanada vs. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27 (1985)
Chavez v. PEA and Amari, G.R. 133250, July 9, 2002
Associational Standing:
KMU Labor Center vs. Garcia, G.R. 115381, Dec. 23, 1994
IBP v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284, August 15, 2000
Executive Secretary v. CA, 429 SCRA 781, May 25, 2004
Kilosbayan v. Guingona, 232 SCRA 110 (1994)
Taxpayers Standing:
ITF v. Comelec, G.R. No. 159139. Jan. 13, 2004
Jumamil v. Caf, G.R. 144570, September 21, 2005
Voters Standing:
Tolentino v. Comelec, 420 SCRA 438, January 21, 2004
Legislative Standing:
Ople v. Torres, 293 SCRA 141 (1998)
Governmental Standing:
People v. Vera, 65 Phil 56, November 16, 1937
Facial Challenge:
Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, Nov. 19, 2001
3. Earliest Opportunity
Umali v. Guingona, 305 SCRA 533 (1999)
4. Necessity of Deciding Constitutional Questions
Arceta v. Mangrobang, G.R. No. 152895. June 15, 2004
Part IV
The Three Branches of Government
A. Congress
1. Composition, Qualification and Term of Office
a. Senate
b. House of Representatives
Macias vs. Comelec, 3 SCRA 1 (1961)
Tan vs Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)
Veterans. Fed. Party v. Comelec, G.R. 136781, October 6, 2000
Bagong Bayani v. Comelec, G.R. No. 147589, June 26, 2001
Aquino v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 400 (1995)
Marcos v. Comelec, 248 SCRA 300 (1995)
Torayno v. Comelec, G.R. 137329, August 9, 2000
2. Election
a. Regular election
b. Special election
3. Organizations and Sessions
a. Election of Officers
Santiago v. Guingona, G.R. 134577, November 18, 1998
b. Quorum
Avelino vs. Cuenco, 83 Phil. 17 (1949)
c. Rules of Proceedings
Pacete vs. Comm. On Appointments, 40 SCRA 58 (1971)
Arroyo vs. De Venecia, G.R. 127255, August 14, 1997
d. Discipline of members
Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 Phil 83 (1924)
Osmena vs. Pendatun, 109 Phil. 863 (1960)
Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 126055, April 19, 2001
De Venecia v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 130240, Feb. 5, 2002
e. Journal and Record
1. The Enrolled Bill Theory
Casco Chemical Co. vs. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347 (1963)
2. Probative Value of the Journal
United States vs. Pons, 34 Phil. 729 (1916)
3. Matters to be entered in the Journal
4. Journal Entry Rule vs. Enrolled Bill Theory
Astorga vs. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714 (1974)
Morales vs. Subido, 27 SCRA 131 (1969)
5. Congressional Record
f. Session
1. Regular sessions
2. Special sessions
3. Joint sessions
4. Salaries, Privileges and Disqualifications
a. Salaries
Phiconsa vs. Mathay, 18 SCRA 300 (1966)
Ligot vs. Mathay, 56 SCRA 823 (1974)
b. Freedom from Arrest
People v. Jalosjos, G.R. 132875, February 3, 2000
c. Speech and Debate Clause
Jimenez vs. Cabangbang 17 SCRA 876 (1966)
d. Disqualifications
Adaza vs Pacana, Jr. 135 SCRA 431 (1985)
Puyat vs De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31 (1982)
e. Duty to Disclose
5. Electoral Tribunals
Abbas vs. SET, 166 SCRA 651 (1988)
Bondoc vs Pineda, 201 SCRA 792 (1991)
Codilla v. De Venecia, G.R. 150605, December 10, 2002
9. Other Powers:
a. Act as board of canvassers for presidential election
Pimentel v. Joint Com., GR163783, June 22, 2004
b. Call a special election for Presidency
c. Decide on disability of the President
d. Legislative veto or approval for habeas corpus or declaration of martial law
e. Presidential amnesties
f. Concur in treaties
g. Declaration of existence of war
h. Delegation of emergency powers
i. Utilization of natural resources
j. Amendment of Constitution
k. Power of Impeachment
B. Executive Department
1. The President
a. Qualifications, election, term and oath
b. Privileges and salary
Republic v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 152154, July 15, 2003
c. Succession
1. In case of vacancy at the beginning of term
2. In Case of vacancy during term
3. In case of temporary disability
Estrada v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 146738, March 2, 2001
d. Removal
e. Prohibitions
f. Exceptions to prohibition from holding another office:
1. Vice-President as member of the cabinet
2. Sec. of Justice as member of Judicial and Bar Council
CLU vs. Exec. Secretary, 194 SCRA 317 (1991)
Cruz v. COA, G.R. No. 138489, Nov. 29, 2001
NAC v. COA. G.R. 156982, September 8, 2004
2. Powers and Functions of the President
a. Executive Power
Marcos vs. Manglapus, 178 SCRA 760 (1989)
DENR v. DENR Region 12 Employees, G.R. No. 149725, August 19,
2003
b. Control of executive departments
Blaquera v. Alcala, G.R. 109406, September 11, 1998
Hutchison Ports vs. SBMA, G.R. No. 131367, Aug. 31, 2000
NEA v. COA, 377 SCRA 233 (2002)
c. General supervision over local governments/autonomous regions
Pimentel v. Aguirre, G.R. 132988, July 19, 2000
d. Power of Appointment
Bermudez v. Torres, G.R. No. 131429, August 4, 1999
Sarmiento vs. Mison, 156 SCRA 549 (1987)
1. Judicial Power
2. The Supreme Court
a. Composition
b. Mode of Sitting
MMDA v. Jancom, G.R. 147465, April 10, 2002
People v. Gacott, G.R. No. 116049, July 13, 1995
c. Appointments and qualifications
d. No non-judicial work for judges
Meralco vs. Pasay Trans Co., 57 Phil. 600 (1933)
Garcia vs. Macaraig, 30 SCRA 106 (1969)
e.Salary
Nitafan vs. Comm. of Internal Revenue, 152 SCRA 284 (1987)
f. Tenure
g. Removal
In Re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771 (1988)
h. Fiscal autonomy
i. Jurisdiction
Santiago vs. Bautista, 32 SCRA 188 (1970)
Felipe vs. Leuterio, 91 Phil. 482 (1952)
j. Deliberations
Prudential Bank v.Castro. 158 SCRA 646 (1988)
Consing v. Court of Appeals, 177SCRA 14 (1989)
k. Voting
Cruz v. DENR, G.R. No. 135385, December 6, 2000
l. Requirements as to decisions
Valladolid vs. Inciong, 121 SCRA 205 (1992)
Nunal vs. COA, 169 SCRA 356 (1989)
People v. Bugarin, 273 SCRA 384 (1996)
Hernandez v. Court of Appeals, 228 SCRA 429 (1993)
Yao v. CA, G.R. No. 132428, October 24, 2000
Dizon v. Judge Lopez, A.M. 96-1338, September 5, 1997
Asiavest v. CA, G.R. No. 110263, July 20, 2001
m. Petition for Review/Motion for Reconsideration
Tichangco v. Enriquez, G.R. No. 150629, June 30, 2004
Fr. Martinez v. CA, G.R. 123547, May 21, 2001
n. Periods for deciding cases
Re: Delays in the Sandiganbayan, A.M. No. 00-8-05-SC, Nov. 28, 2001
o. Presidential Electoral Tribunal
p. Administrative powers
1. Supervision of lower courts
In re Demetria, A.M. No. 00-7-09-CA, March 27, 2001
2. Temporarily assign judges to other stations in public interest
3. Order a change of venue or place of trial to avoid miscarriage of justice
People v. Pilotin, 65 SCRA 635 (1975)
Mondiguing v. Abad, 68 SCRA 14 (1975)
People v. Sola, 103 SCRA 393 (1981)