THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK,

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND

VARIABLES
GROUP MEMBERS :
NURUL HUDA BINTI AHMAD TAIB
NOOR ATIQAH AMIRAH BINTI LATIF
NUR NADIA SHAFIZA BINTI ABDUL MANAF
ROSHAZRINA BINTI MUHAMAD
LECTURERS NAME :
DR CHE NIDZAM BINTI CHE AHMAD

M20152001645
M20152001596
M20152001358
M20152001376

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
The theoretical framework of the study is a structure that
can support a theory of a research work. It presents the
theory which explains why the problem under study exists.
Thus, the theoretical framework is a theory that serves as a
basis for conducting research.

According to Alonge (2005) - an attempt to develop a

general explanation for some phenomenon.

How do I develop a theoretical

framework?
Developed from the literature review.
Reviewed the literature and found gaps in the
explanation of some phenomenon. The theoretical
framework allows you to present the research
problem in light of a summary of the literature.

Theoretical Framework

Purpose:
1. It helps researcher see clearly the variables of the
study
2. Provides the researcher with a general framework
for data analysis
3. It is essential in preparing a research proposal using
descriptive and experimental methods.

CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK

Definition of Conceptual Framework

A conceptual framework explains either graphically or in
narrative form, the main things to be studied the key
factors, constructs or variables and the presumed
relationships among them (Miles and Huberman, 1994)

 A conceptual framework represents the researchers

synthesis of literature on how to explain a
phenomenon.

It can be developed from the researchers personal

experience, previous studies or from theory or model.
In other words, the conceptual framework is the
researchers understanding of how the particular
variables in his study connect with each other.
Thus, it identifies the variables required in the research
investigation. It is the researchers map in pursuing
the investigation.
The conceptual framework lies within a much broader
framework called theoretical framework.

Example of Conceptual
Framework

Where Does the Conceptual

Framework is Located in the
Research Writing?
CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY
CHAPTER 4 : RESULT AND DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5 : CONCLUSION

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of Study

1.2 Problem Statement
1.3 Conceptual Framework
1.4 Purpose of Study
1.5 Research Objective
1.6 Research Questions
1.7 Hypothesis
1.8 The Importance of the Study
1.9 Limitation of Study
1.10 Operational definition

The Purposes of Conceptual

Framework
Keep research on
track

Provides clear links

from the literature to
the research goals
and questions

Helps the researcher

to see clearly the
variables of the study

Clarifies concepts and

propose relationships
among concepts

Provides an
organizing structure
for the research
design and methods

Useful to prepare
research proposal
using experimental or
descriptive methods

The Differences of Conceptual

Framework and Theoretical
Framework
Conceptual Framework

Theoretical Framework

SIMILARITIES
Both refer to the guidelines or structure that connects all variables
or the main idea involved in the study
Make it easier to determine the relationship of variables and ideas.
DIFFERENCES
The conceptual framework is a
framework designed by a
researcher for the study.

The theoretical framework is a

framework adapted from
existing theory.

Located in both quantitative

and qualitative research.

Located mainly in quantitative

research.

WHAT IS VARIABLE ???

Measure
characteristic
that varies

4 TYPES OF VARIABLE
Independent
- can be manipulated/altered

Dependent
- depend on the manipulation of the independent variable
Intervening
- Variable that stand between the independent and dependent
variables
Control
- Independent variable that are measured and statistically
controlled

INDEPENDENT

Teaching
strategies in
chemistry
- Traditional
method
- Strategic
intervention
method (SIM)

CONTROL

Gender

INTERVENING

Effect of
strategic
intervention
materials (SIM)
on the academic
achievement in
chemistry

DEPENDENT

Academic
achievement of
students in
chemistry
- Pretest
- Posttest
- Gain score
- Periodical test

EXAMPLE OF CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
NATIONAL GOALS FOR SERVING DEAF AND
HARD OF HEARING STUDENTS IN
POSTSECONDARY TRAINING PROGRAMS

BACKGROUD OF THE STUDY

Purpose of the research:

To identify the problems

with educating deaf people

How to support them

How to demonstrate that

they could achieve

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The research includes people who :
Become
deaf before
adulthood

Become
deaf during
adulthood
Hard of
hearing

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Researcher want to educate federal agencies on how
to spent money for the use of the deaf and hard
hearing people.
Various level of people/professionals involved
The conceptual framework is to help integrate the
future knowledge for the deaf people on the post
secondary training

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Access service studies:
Quality, reliability,
availability and trends

Outcomes
Employment,
independence,
enrolment,
retention,
graduation,
transition, job
preparedness

Population studies:

Deaf, hard of hearing,

underserved, secondary
disability

Learning and living

environment:
Resources, funding,
attitudes, social support,
learning style

REFERENCES

Imenda, S. (2014). Is There a Conceptual Differences between Theoretical and

Conceptual Frameworks?. Journal of Social Science, 38(2): 185-195
Sinclair, M. (2007). Editorial : A guide to understanding theoretical and conceptual
framework. Evidence Based Midwifery, 5(2) : 39

THANK YOU

Omirin, M. S., Falola E.O. (2011). Educational Research Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework. Global Journal of Educational Research, 10(10): 9-12
Perry, L. Thor, G.H. (2008). Understanding Educational Transfer : Theoretical
perspectives and conceptual frameworks. Prospects, 38 : 509-526