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SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in the spaces provided.
In order to receive full credit in Section A, the method used and the steps involved in arriving at your answer
must be shown clearly. It is possible to receive partial credit but, without supporting your work, you may
receive little credit. For numerical calculations, you are expected to pay proper attention to significant
figures.
1.

Nitrogen(II) oxide reacts with bromine according to the following equation.

The data below were obtained for the reaction between NO(g) and Br2(g) at a
specified
temperature and pressure.

(a)

Determine, giving a reason, the order of reaction with respect to NO and

the order of
reaction with respect to Br2.
[2]
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(b)

Derive the rate expression for the reaction between NO and Br2.
[1]

..
(c)
Calculate the rate constant for the rate expression using experiment 1 and
state its units.
[2]

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(question 1 continues on the next page)
(d)
If the total volume of the reaction mixture was doubled at constant
temperature, state the
effect, if any, on
(i)

the rate constant.

[1]

..
..
(ii)

the rate of change of the Br2(g) concentration.

[1]
..
..
(e)
Draw a labelled enthalpy level diagram for the reaction between NO(g) and
Br2(g) , with
and without the use of a catalyst.
[3]

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(a)
Naturally occurring copper has a relative atomic mass, (Ar) of 63.55 and
consists of two
isotopes 63Cu and 65Cu.
2.

(i)

Define the term relative atomic mass, Ar .

[1]

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(ii)

State and explain which is the more abundant isotope.

[1]

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(iii)

Calculate the percentage abundance of each isotope in a naturally occurring sample of

copper.
[3]

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(b)

(i)

Explain why successive ionization energies of an element increase.

[1]

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(ii)
of three main

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Explain how successive ionization energies account for the existence

energy levels in the sodium atom.

[3]
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(c)

State the full electron configuration for a bromide ion.

[1]

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(d)

Some vaporized magnesium is introduced into a mass spectrometer. One of the ions that
reaches the detector is 25Mg+. State how this ion is accelerated in the mass spectrometer.
[1]

..
3.

(a)

Propane and oxygen react according to the following equation.

Calculate the volume of carbon dioxide and water vapour produced and
the volume of
oxygen remaining, when 20.0 dm3 of propane reacts with 120.0 dm3 of
oxygen. All gas
volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure.
[3]
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..
..
(b)
Crocetin consists of the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Determine the

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empirical formula of crocetin, if 1.00 g of crocetin forms 2.68 g of carbon

dioxide
and 0.657 g of water when it undergoes complete combustion.
[6]
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4.

Chlorine and ethane react together to form chloroethane.

(a)

State the condition needed for the reaction to occur.

[1]

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(b)

Write equations to represent initiation, propagation and termination steps in the reaction. [4]

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5.

(a)

(i)
[1]

Draw the structural formula of propan-2-ol.

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(ii)
[1]

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Identify the alcohol as primary, secondary, or tertiary.

..
(iii)
using acidified

Identify the organic product formed by the oxidation of this alcohol

potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

[1]
..
(b)
Compounds with the molecular formula C3H4Cl2 exist as several structural
isomers, some of
which are cyclic. Some of these structural isomers exist as geometric
isomers.
(i)

Explain why geometrical isomerism is possible in the non-cyclic

isomers.
[1]

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..
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(ii)
Draw the structure of a non-cyclic structural isomer that does not
exist as geometric
isomers, and explain why geometrical isomerism is not possible in
this compound. [2]

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..
(iii)
structures of its

1,3-Dichloropropene exists as geometric isomers. Draw and label the

cis and trans isomers.
[2]

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(iv) Draw structures to show the two geometric isomers of 1,2dichlorocyclopropane. [2]

SECTION B
Answer ONE of the questions in this section, on separate sheets of writing paper. Write your name on each
sheet before attaching it to this examination paper.
6.
Consider the following reaction where colourless bromide ions react with
colourless
hydrogen peroxide to form a red-brown bromine solution.
2Br-(aq) + H2O2(aq) + 2H+(aq) Br2(aq) + 2H2O(l)
(a)

Ho = negative

Predict and explain the effect on the position of equilibrium when

(i)

a small amount of sodium bromide solution is added.

(ii)

a small amount of sodium hydroxide solution is added.

[2]
[2]

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a catalyst is added.

[2]
(b)
State and explain the effect on the value of the equilibrium
constant when the
temperature of the reaction is increased.
[2]
(c)
to the reaction

State and explain the colour change when hydrochloric acid is added
solution at equilibrium.

(d)
[2]

[3]

Define the term standard enthalpy change of formation, Hfo.

(e)
(i)
Use the information in the following table to calculate the
enthalpy change for
the complete combustion of but-1-ene
according to the following equation. [3]
C4H8(g) + 6O2(g) 4CO2(g) + 4H2O(g)
Compound
Hfo /kJ mol-

(ii)
reason, whether the
products are more stable.
[2]

C4H8(g)

CO2(g)

H2O(g)

+1

-394

-242

Deduce, giving a
reactants or the

(iii) Predict, giving a reason, how the enthalpy change for the
complete combustion
of but- 2-ene would compare with that of
but-1-ene based on average bond
enthalpies.
[1]
(f)

Using the data below,

Compound
So /J K-1 mol1

C4H8(g)

CO2(g)

H2O(g)

306

214

189

O2(g)
205

calculate for the reaction in (e) at 25 oC

(i)

the standard entropy change, So.

(ii)

the standard free energy change, Go.

[2]
[2]

(g)
Predict, giving a reason, the spontaneity of the reaction in (e) (i) at
both high and low
temperatures.
[2]

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(a)
Draw the Lewis structures, state the shapes and predict the bond angles
for the following
species.
7.

(i)

PCl5

[3]

(ii)

SCl2

[3]

(iii)

ICl3

[3]

(b)
Use the information in the table below to identify the type of bonding and
structure in each
of the following substances. Explain these properties in terms of bonding
and structure.
[6]
Substance

Melting point / K

Electrical conductivity

1986

Does not conduct in any

state.

1074

Conducts only in the liquid

state
and aqueous solution.

(c)

(i)
[1]

State the meaning of the term hybridization.

(ii)

State the type of hybridization around the carbon atoms in C2H4

(ethene),
C2H2 (ethyne) and benzene (C6H6).
[3]
(d)
With reference to the type of bonding present explain why Mg has a higher
melting point than
Na.
[2]
(e)
(i)
Compare how atomic orbitals overlap in the formation of sigma ()
and pi () bonds.
[2]
(ii)
[2]

State the number of sigma bonds and pi bonds in H 2CC(CH3)CHCH2.