Anchors Fundamentals

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Agenda
Post-installed anchors overview
Working principles

Influencing factors
Failure modes
Mechanical Vs. Chemical anchors

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Overview:
Post-installed anchor Vs. Cast-in Anchor:
Cast-In Anchor

Post-Installed Anchor

Advantages:
High loading capabilities
Disadvantages:
Not flexible for layout adjustments
Difficult installation

Advantages:
High loading capabilities
Flexible for layout adjustments
Easy installation
Disadvantages:
Unpopular solution

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors: Overview

Weight of part
to be fixed

Weight of steel beam

Fastened Element
Fastened Part

Anchors
consist of a
threaded end,
a washer and
a nut

Base Material
Anchor / Fastener
An anchor is used to attach objects or structures to the base material by
transferring static or dynamic loads
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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors applications:

Steel Structures:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors applications:

Rail track fastenings:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors applications:

Outdoor fastenings:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors applications:

Underwater fastening:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors applications:

Equipment fastenings:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Post-installed anchors applications:

Mechanical works:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Working principles of post-installed anchors:

Friction
Anchor expands into the
concrete High friction anchorconcrete walls

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Keying
Diameter anchor > Diameter borehole
Anchor makes groove in concrete
Problem solvers for critical cases

Bonding
Anchors bond to the concrete
borehole walls
Micro keying effect between
mortar and rough surfaces

Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Influencing Factors
Load Direction

Mode of Loading

Space & Edge Distance

Base material type

Base material thickness

Temperature

Corrosion & durability

Installation procedure

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Failure modes

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Anchors classification
Mechanical anchors & Chemical anchors:

Anchors are essentially classified into two groups:

Chemical anchors or mechanical anchors
www.hilti.sa

Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Anchors classification
Mechanical anchors:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Anchors classification
Chemical anchors:

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Mechanical anchors Vs. Chemical anchor

Chemical Anchors

+
-

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Mechanical Anchors

Small edge and spacing

Immediate loading
distance
Easy setting
Variable embedment
Environment and health
depths
Flexibility on different base
materials

Setting process
Temperature dependency
Curing time
Storage

Higher edge and spacing

distance
Different anchors for
different embedment
depths requirements

Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Loads & Safety Factors

Mean ultimate resistance Ru,m

Ru ,m

Characteristic Load value Rk

95% of all tested values are above this

load value.

ultimate

The ultimate resistance is the value

when the fastener fails (pull out,
concrete or steel).

Design Load value Rd

The average out of all values of all

anchors tested.

Rk
Rd =

n = Amount of tested anchors

Reliability factor of

g the anchor

Rel. frequency

Ru,m
Recommended Load value Lrec
5%

Rd

F5%
= Rk
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_
F

Lrec =

1,4

1,4 Load factor (average

influence of snow, wind; dead
loads, live loads, etc.)

F [kN]
Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Example of Hilti Mechanical Anchors

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Mechanical Metal Anchors

HDA

HUS-H
HUS-HR

HSL-3

HSC

HST

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HUS 7.5
HAM

HLC

HSA

HKD

HCA

HK
Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Heavy duty self-undercutting anchor

HDA
Zinc plated

Sherardized
Stainless steel
Red ring
Visual checking
of correct
setting

HDA is known for its extremely high load resistance and is tested for numerous
situations including dynamic resistance and nuclear power plant suitability
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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

Examples of Hilti Chemical Anchors

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

HY200 with HIT-Z: The giant leap

No cleaning required
Two mortar (Hilti HIT-HY 200-A and Hilti HIT-HY 200-R)
versions available with different curing times

HY200 with HIT-Z rods is a high performing anchoring solution in cracked

and uncracked concrete without having to clean the holes!
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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014

THANK YOU

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Anchors Fundamentals
RC Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - 2014