GRAMMAR

GRAMATIC

1. Articolul

The Article

Articolul nsoete substantivul i arat ct de cunoscut ne este acesta. El arat diferena ntre a tiger = un
tigru(oarecare) i the tiger = tigrul (cu identitate precis).
The article is attached to the noun and it shows how familiar this is to us.
a. Referire general

Generic reference

Tigers are dangerous animals.

Tigrii sunt animale periculoase.
Russians are exceptional artists.
Ruii sunt artiti excepionali.
French people have excellent cuisine. Francezii au o buctrie excelent.
Music is delightful.
Muzica este ncnttoare.
b. Articolul hotrt

Definite article

The Russian is a good dancer.

The lion is the king of all animals.
The lady is beautiful.

Rusul este un bun dansator.

Leul este regele tuturor animalelor.
Doamna este frumoas. c. Articolul nehotrt

Indefinite article
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Prietenul la nevoie se cunoate. (proverb)
A woman stands in front of the door. O femeie st n faa uii.
De reinut c, n limba englez, articolul nehotrt a devine an atunci cnd este plasat naintea substantivelor
care ncep cu vocal sau semivocal:
an elephant = un elefant
an egg = un ou
an apple = un mr
an orange = o portocal
a. Dac substantivul ncepe cu consoan, articolul hotrt se citete the:
the tiger

the dress

the Russian

the lion

the lady

b. Dac substantivul ncepe cu vocal, articolul hotrt se citete the:

the elephant

the end

the apple

the orange

the egg

2. The Present Tense

Timpul prezent
La conjugrile prezentului, verbele i schimb forma de infinitiv doar la persoana a III-a singular
unde primesc un s final.
I remember
you remember
she remembers
he remembers
we remember
you remember
they remember

mi amintesc
i aminteti
i amintete
i amintete
ne amintim
v amintii
i amintesc

I spend
you spend
she spends
he spends
we spend
you spend
they spend

petrec
petreci
petrece
petrece
petrecem
petrecei
petrec

Excepie fac verbele a cror pronunie necesit mici modificri. Este i cazul verbelor:
to do - she(he) does to go - she(he) goes to have - she(he) has to fly - she(he) flies
to dry - she(he) dries to cry - she(he) cries
Excepie face i verbul to be care are un comportament aparte la conjugarea prezentului: I am, you
are, she(he) is, we are, you are, they are.
3.Pentru a obine forma de plural, substantivele primesc i ele, n majoritatea cazurilor, un s la final.
boy-boys(biat-biei), car-cars(main-maini), girl-girls(fat-fete), cat- cats(pisic-pisici), dog-dogs(cine-cini)
apple-apples(mr-mere), horse- horses(cal-cai), leg-legs(picior-picioare), window-windows(ferastr- ferestre),
mirror-mirrors(oglind-oglinzi), door-doors(u-ui).
Excepie fac:
a) substantivele a cror terminaie nu permite o pronunie fireasc prin adaugarea unui simplu s:
dress-dresses(rochie-rochii), glass-glasses(pahar-pahare)
sau knife-knives(cuit-cuite), wife-wives(soie-soii)
dar i
b) substantivele cu form de plural neregulat: man-men(brbat-barbai), woman-women(femeie-femei), footfeet(talp-tlpi), ox-oxen(bou-boi), mouse-mice(oarece-oareci), goose-geese(gsc-gte), sheep- sheep(oaieoi), child-children(copil-copii).
Holidays
Christmas
Christmas tree
New Years Eve
New Years Day
Easter
Lent
Labour Day
National Day
birthday

Srbtori
Crciun
pom de iarn
ajun de Anul Nou
prima zi de Anul Nou
Pate
Postul Mare
Ziua Muncii
Ziua Naional
zi de natere

Wishes and congratulations

Happy birthday!
Best wishes!
Many happy returns of the day!
Good luck!
Congratulations!
Merry Christmas!
Happy Easter!
Have a nice time!
Have a nice trip!
Have a nice weekend!
Have a nice party!
Have fun!

Urri i felicitri
La muli ani!
Cele mai bune urri!
La ct mai multe aniversri!
Noroc!
Felicitri!
Crciun fericit!
Pate fericit!
Distracie plcut!
Drum bun!
Week-end plcut!
Petrecere frumoas!
S te distrezi!

Colours

Culori

white = alb, black = negru, gray = gri, green = verde, yellow = galben, red =rou, pink = roz,
orange = portocaliu, blue = albastru, violet = violet, brown= maro, silver = argintiu, lilac = liliachiu, lila,
purple = purpuriu, beige = bej.
She has a white horse.
The rainbow has seven colours.

Ea are un cal alb.

Curcubeul are apte culori.

Diferitele nuane ale culorilor, mai deschise sau mai nchise, sunt exprimate prin adjectivele light =
luminos, deschis i dark = ntunecat, nchis.
I have a light blue dress.
He has a dark green car.

Am o rochie albastru deschis.

El are o main verde nchis.

I am very fond of holidays. I always remember the way we celebrated

Christmas and Easter in Romania. Holidays are very important for Jim, too.
Srbtorile mi sunt foarte dragi. mi amintesc ntotdeauna cum srbtoream C rciunul i Patele n
Romnia. Pentru Jim, srbtorile sunt de asemena importante.
On Holidays

De srbtori

Jim Patrick: Holidays are delightful. We spend more time with our families. We are peaceful and happy.
(Srbtorile sunt ncnttoare. Petrecem mai mult timp cu familiile noastre. Suntem linitii i fericii.)
Minnie Jones: Indeed they are. Winter is white and beautiful. On Christmas, here in London everything is white
outside: the streets, the trees, the houses, the gardens, even the cars are white. (Sunt, ntr-adevr. Iarna este alb
i frumoas. De Crciun, aici n Londra totul este alb afar: strzile, copacii, casele, grdinile, pn i mainile.)
Jim Patrick: And spring is full of flowers and joy. On Easter, the grass is green and the trees are dressed in
pink, white, orange, yellow, red, blue and violet. A real symphony of colours. (Iar primvara este plin de
flori i bucurie. De Pati, iarba este verde i copacii sunt mbraci n roz, alb, portocaliu, galben, rou,
albastru i violet. O adevrat simfonie de culori.)
Minnie Jones: I know. My birthday is in April and I always enjoy the fine weather and the colours of
nature. (tiu. Ziua mea de natere este n aprilie i m bucur mereu de vremea frumoas i de culorile naturii.)
Vocabulary:
to be fond of = a ndrgi
way = cale, drum; mod, fel, modalitate
delightful = ncnttor
to spend = a petrece; a cheltui
more = mai mult
peaceful = linitit
happy = fericit
here = aici
outside = afar
street = strad
tree = copac, pom
house = cas
garden = grdin
car = main
full of = plin de
flower = floare
joy = bucurie
grass = iarb
dressed in = mbrcat, n
real = real, adevrat

symphony = simfonie
to enjoy = a se bucura fine = bun
weather = vreme

Dont forget! Nu uita!

Dac substantivul ncepe cu consoan sau semiconsoan, articolul hotart este a:
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Prietenul la nevoie se cunoate.
A woman stands in front of the door. O femeie st n faa uii.
This is a University.
Aceasta este o Universitate.
This is a union.
Aceasta este o uniune.
This ia a year.
Acesta este un an.
Lets use the Present Tense! S folosim timpul prezent!
I remember you. Eu mi amintesc de tine.
You remember me. Tu i aminteti de mine.
She remembers him. Ea i amintete de el.
He remembers her. El i amintete de ea.
We remember them. Noi ne amintim de ei.
You remember us. Voi v amintii de noi.
They remember you. Ei i amintesc de voi.