Six Formats of Essay Writing PDF

ResearchWritingKityWB023EnglishyKolejMatrikulasiLabuanyNov2009
EssayFormats
6FormatsofEssayWriting
1ProcessEssay
Tip Whenyouorganizethestepsinaprocess,youshouldarrangethem
accordingtotimeorder.
TheLanguageofProcess:
UsefulPhrasesandSentencePatterns
Transitionsignalsthatindicatetheorderofstepsinaprocess
first
thefirststep
fromthenon
next
thenextstep
before
after
afterthat
soonafterward
thethirdstep
then
atthispoint
assoonas
when
while
everytime
whenever
meanwhile
during
thelaststep
finally
Thefollowingsentencepatternsareusefulinwritingthesisstatementsforprocessessays:
easy
tools.
1. Itis simple
to..ifyouhavetheright equipment.
notdifficult
materials.

ingredients.
Itiseasytochangeaflattireifyouhavetherightequipment.
thesesteps.
thesedirections.
2. .. iseasywhenyoufollow
theseinstructions.
thisprocedure.
Makingadeliciousomeletiseasywhenyoufollowthesesteps.
1
MoreofResearchWritingKitathttp://progressivelessonplan.tumblr.com
Source:Blanchard,K.&Root,C.(2004)
EssayFormats
three
3. Thereare four
majorstepsinvolvedin ..
several
Therearethreemajorstepsinvolvedinstudyingforanexam.
Introduction
1.
2.
3.
4.
EssayPlan:
Process
Theguidelineswillhelp
you remember what
youneedtodoineach
partofaprocessessay.
Statewhattheprocessisandwhyitisimportant.
Definetheprocess.
Statethepurposeforexplainingtheprocess
Listanyequipment,ingredients,orsuppliesneededto
performtheprocess.
5. Writeathesisstatementthatstatesthefocusofyouressay.
SupportingParagraphs
1. Describethestepsintheprocess,usingtimeorder.
2. Iftherearealotofsteps,groupthemintoseveralmain
categories.
Conclusion
1. Reviewwhytheprocessisimportant.
2. Summarizethemainstepsintheprocess.
2
EssayFormats
2Division&ClassificationEssay
Itishelpfultofindatleastthreedivisionstouse.Inotherwords,tryto
thinkofatleastthreeseparategroups.Forexamples,ifyouwerewriting
Tip
anessayontypesofenergy,youcoulddividethemintothreegroups:
wind,hydraulic,andsolar.Makesurethegroupsdonotoverlap.
TheLanguageofClassification:UsefulSentencePatterns
Thefollowingsentencepatternsareusefulinwritingthesisstatementsforprocessessays:
There
1.
are
three
two
four
several
kinds
typesof..
classes

Therearethreekindsofenergy:wind,hydraulic,andsolar.
divide
parts:
2. Ican classify
..intothree groups: ..
group
types:

categorize
kinds:
Icandividemycomputergamesintothreegroups:action,stimulation,and
strategy.
divided
threeparts:
3. canbe Classified
into twogroups: ..
grouped
threetypes:

categorized
severalkinds:
Newscanbedividedintothreetypes:local,national,andinternational.
3
EssayFormats
EssayPlan:
Classification
The guidelines will
help you remember
whatyouneedtodo
in each part of a
classificationessay.
Introduction
1. Providebackgroundinformationaboutthetopictobeclassified.
2. Explainthepurposefortheclassification.
3. Describehowyouaregoingtodividethetopicintogroups.
4. Statethenumberandnamesofthegroups.
5. Provideaclearthesisstatement.
1. Identifyanddescribeonegroupineachsupportingparagraph.
2. Explainthecommoncharacteristicsofthemembersofeach
group.
3. Giveexamplesofitemsineachgroup.
Conclusion
1. Restatethemethodofclassification.
2. Summarizethegroups.
4
EssayFormats
3Causes&EffectsEssay
TheLanguageofCausesandEffects:
UsefulPhrasesandSentencePatterns
Transitionsignalsthatindicateacauseoreffectrelationship
andthatiswhy
Itwasraining,andthatiswhywecanceledthesoccergame.
asaconsequenceof
Asaconsequenceoftherain,wecanceledthesoccergame.
asaresultof
Asaresultoftherain,wecanceledthesoccergame.
because
Becauseitwasraining,wecanceledthesoccergame.
becauseof
Becauseoftherain,wecanceledthesoccergame.
consequently
Itwasraining.Consequently,wecanceledthesoccergame.
dueto
Duetotherain,wecanceledthesoccergame.
forthisreason
Itwasraining.Forthisreason,wecanceledthesoccergame.
since
Sinceitwasraining,wecanceledthesoccergame.
so
Itwasraining,sowecanceledthesoccergame.
therefore
Itwasraining;therefore,wecanceledthesoccergame.
thus
Itwasraining;thus,wecanceledthesoccergame.
causesof
1. Thereareseveral reasonsfor...
effectsof
Thereareseveralcausesofjetlag.
2. Thereare
three
four
mainreasonswhy ...
several
TherearethreemainreasonswhyIwanttogetmyownapartment.
5
EssayFormats
several
3. ..hashad many importanteffectson.. .
few
Myparentsdivorcehashadseveralimportanteffectsonmylife.
Introduction
EssayPlan:
CauseorEffect
The guidelines will help you
remember what you need to
do in each part of a
classificationessay.
1. Providebackgroundinformationaboutthesituation
youareanalyzing.
2. Describethesituation.
3. Statewhetheryouplantodiscussitscausesorits
effects.
4. Identifythemaincausesoreffects.
5. Writeathesisstatementthatstatesthefocusofyour
essay.
1. Statethefirst(second,third)causeoreffectinthefirst
(second,third)paragraph.
2. Supportthefirst(second,third)causeoreffectwith
facts,examples,statistics,orquotations.
Conclusion
1. Summarizethemaincausesoreffects.
2. Drawaconclusionormakeaprediction.
Whenyouwriteanessayyoumustthinkabouthowyouaregoingtoorder
the supporting paragraphs. Which paragraph should come first, second,
Tip and third? One common way is to organize the paragraphs according to
orderofimportance.Forexample,inanessayaboutcauses,youcanbegin
withthemostimportantcauseandendwiththeleastimportantcause.
6
EssayFormats
4Comparison&ContrastEssay
TheLanguageofComparison&Contrast:
UsefulPhrases&SentencePatterns
Comparison
and...too
Tokyohasanefficientsubwaysystem,andLondondoestoo.
as...as
TokyossubwaysystemisasefficientasLondons.
Likewise
similarly
Tokyohasanefficientsubwaysystem.Likewise,Londonhasanefficient
subwaysystem.
Tokyohasanefficientsubwaysystem.Similarly,Londonhasanefficient
subwaysystem.
alike
NewYorkandTokyoarealikeinseveralways.
both...and
BothJapanandKoreanareinAsia.
like
TheweatherinPhiladelphiaisliketheweatherinIstanbul.
similarto
ThepopulationinViennaissimilartothepopulationofFrankfurt.
thesame
PhiladelphiahasthesamekindofweatherasIstanbul.
thesameas
ThealtitudeofCalcuttaisthesameasthealtitudeofCopenhagen.
7
EssayFormats
Contrast
TheSaharadeserthasadryclimate,buttheAmazonrainforesthasa
but
wetclimate.
differentfrom
however
incontrast
TheclimateintheSaharadesertisverydifferentfromtheclimatein
theAmazonrainforest.
TheSaharadeserthasadryclimate.However,theAmazonrainforest
hasawetclimate.
TheSaharadeserthasadryclimate.Incontrast,theAmazonrain
foresthasawetclimate.
ontheother
TheSaharadeserthasadryclimate.Ontheotherhand,theAmazon
hand
rainforesthasawetclimate.
while
WhiletheSaharadesertisdry,theAmazonrainforestiswet.
whereas
WhereastheSaharadesertisdry,theAmazonrainforestiswet.
unlike
Unlikerainforests,desertsgetverylittlerain.
although
eventhough
AlthoughtheSaharadeserthasadryclimate,somecropscanbe
grownthere.
EventhoughtheSaharadeserthasadryclimate,somecropscanbe
grownthere.
Thefollowingsentencepatternsareusefulinwritingtopicsentencesandthesisstatementsfor
comparison/contrastessaysandparagraphs:
1.
Thereareseveral differences between and.
similarities
Thereareseveral differencesbetweenhighschoolandcollege.
Thereareseveral similaritiesbetweenhighschoolandcollege.
8
EssayFormats
2.
andare similar
inmanyways.
different
ThaifoodandVietnamesefoodaresimilarinmanyways.
ThaifoodandVietnamesefoodaredifferentinmanyways.
3.
is differentfrominmanyways.
similarto
Myfatherisdifferentfromhisolderbrotherinmanyways.
Myfatherissimilarfromhisolderbrotherinmanyways.
4.
andhave severalthingsincommon.
many
MybestfriendandIhavemanythingsincommon.
reveals
5. Acomparisonbetweenand shows.
demonstrates
Acomparisonbetweenjazzandrocknrollrevealssomesurprisingsimilarities.
Acomparisonbetweenjazzandrocknrollrevealssomesurprisingdifferences.
Whenyouusethe pointbypointmethodtowriteaboutsimilaritiesor
differences,youneedtodecidehowyouaregoingtoorderthepoints.
Tip Again,onecommonwayistoorganizethepointsaccordingtoorderof
importance.Forexample,youcanbeginwiththemostimportantpointand
endwiththeleastimportantpoint.
9
EssayFormats
EssayPlans:Comparison/Contrast
BlockMethod
PointbyPointMethod
Introduction
Introduction
1. Providebackgroundinformationabout
yourtopic.
2. Identifythetwothingsbeingcompared
andcontrasted.
3. Statethepurposeformakingthe
comparison/orcontrast.
4. Writeathesisstatementthatstatesthe
focusofyouressay.
1. Providebackgroundinformationabout
yourtopic.
2. Identifythetwothingsbeingcompared
andcontrasted.
3. Statethepurposeformakingthe
comparison/orcontrast.
4. Identifythepointstobecomparedand
contrasted.
5. Writeathesisstatementthatstatesthe
focusofyouressay.
1. Inthefirstparagraph(s),discussthe
similarities.
2. Inthenextparagraph(s),discussthe
differences.
1. Inthefirstparagraph,compareand/or
contraststhetwothingsaccordingto
thefirstpointyouidentified.
2. Inthesecondparagraph,compare
and/orcontraststhetwothings
accordingtothesecondpointyou
identified.
3. Dothesamethinginthethirdand
subsequentparagraphs.
Conclusion
1. Restatethepurposeforcomparison
and/orcontrastindifferentwords.
2. Summarizethemainsimilaritiesand
differences.
3. Drawaconclusion.
Conclusion
1. Restatethepurposeforcomparison
and/orcontrastindifferentwords.
2. Summarizethemainsimilaritiesand
differences.
3. Drawaconclusion.
10
EssayFormats
5Problem/SolutionEssay
Introduction
1. Describetheproblemandstatewhyitisserious
2. Writeathesisstatementthatidentifiespossible
solutions.
EssayPlan:
Problem/Solution 1.2. Discussonesolutionineachsupportingparagraph.
Providedetailstoexplaineachsolution.
The guidelines will help you

remember what you need
to do in each part of a
problem/solutionessay.
3. Organizetheparagraphsaccordingtoorderof
importance.
Conclusion
1. Summarizethesolutions.
2. Drawaconclusionormakeapredictionbasedonyour
suggestions.
11
EssayFormats
6WritingSummaries
Agoodsummaryshouldpresentaclear,conciseideaofthemainpointsofanarticleto
someonewhohasnotreadit.Todothis,youmusthavetrueunderstandingoftheoriginal
text.Determinetheauthorspurpose,mainidea,andsupportingpoints.
1. Readthearticleoncetodeterminetheauthorsthesis.
2. Rereadthearticleandtakenotesonthemainpoints.
3. Usingyournotesasaguide,writethefirstdraftofyoursummary.Itshouldinclude:
a. Atopicsentencethatstatesthenameofthearticle,(includingtheauthor,if
available)andthemainpoint.
b. Supportingsentencesthatexplain,inyourownwords,themainideaspresented
inthearticle.Aneffectivewaytodothisisbyansweringthequestionswhat,
where,when,who,andwhy.
c. Afinalstatementthatsummarizesanyconclusionstheauthormadeinthearticle.
4. Revisethedraftofyoursummary.Checktoseethatyouhaveaccuratelysummarized
theauthorsmainideas.Ifyouincludedanyoftheauthorsminorpoints,eliminate
them.Inaddition,besurethatyoudidnotincludeanyofyourownthoughtsoropinions
aboutthetopic.
5. Edityoursummarytomakesurethatthegrammar,spelling,punctuation,and
capitalizationarecorrect.
Reference
Blanchard,K.&Root.C(2004)ReadytoWriteMore:FromParagraphtoEssay(2ndEd.).
NewYork:LongmanPearsonEducation
12

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Thereareseveral differences between and.

The guidelines will help you

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