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PROIECT LA DISCIPLINA
PETROCHIMIE
Tema: Calculul tehnologic al reactorului adiabatic cu curgere
radial pentru obtinerea stirenului prin dehidrogenarea
etilbenzenului
Student:
Profesor:
Anul: IV
Grupa:
Cuprins
1. Introducere..........................................................................................................
1.3 Catalizatori........................................................................................................
10
11
11
16
41
4. Concluzii ...........................................................................................................
43
5. Bibliografie .......................................................................................................
43
1. Introducere
1.1 Stirenul. Obinerea stirenului
Din marea gama de produse aromatice, ca derivate directe ale benzenului, cu o
mare aplicabilitate industriala o are etilbenzenul, principala materie prima pentru
obtinerea unui important monomer utilizabil in primul rand pentru fabricarea
cauciucurilor sintetice stirenul.
Stirenul, cunoscut de asemenea si ca vinilbenzen, se utilizeaz pentru producerea:
materialelor plastice, cel mai rspndit tip de cauciuc sintetic (caucicul butadienstirenic)
i adezivilor. Acest lucru a determinat mrirea capacitilor de producie pentru
instalaiile de dehidrogenare direct a etilbenzenului, perfecionarea tehnologiei de
dehidrogenare a etilbenzenului la stiren i apariia unor noi tehnologii: obinerea
concomitent a stirenului i a propenoxidului (procedeul Halcon), obinerea stirenului
prin extracie din fracia aromatic de la piroliz etc.
n afar de stiren se mai produc trei derivai stirenici, care au ntrebuinri
industriale: - metilstirenul, divinilbenzenul i viniltoluenul. Utilizrile acestora sunt
similare cu acelea ale stirenului, dar au si utilizari specifice, de exemplu divinilbenzenul
se folosete la producerea schimbtorilor de ioni.
1.2 Reacii
Transformarea etilbenzenului in stiren este o reactie puternic endoterma,
desfasurata dupa mecanismul global urmator:
C6H5 CH2 CH3 C6H5 - CH=CH2 + H2 = 125 KJ/mol 0 298 H
Reacia este endoterm ( = 30 kcal / mol = 125 kJ / mol) i are loc la temperaturi
cuprinse ntre 350 si 650 C i presiune de 1,3 2 bar. n paralel se produc i reacii
secundare care conduc la formarea benzenului, toluenului, CO, CO2, etenei, metanului i
altor produse. 0298 H
In afara de reactia de dehidrogenare a etilbenzenului la stiren, in acelasi timp mai
pot avea loc numeroase reactii secundare, dintre care influenteaza in mod sensibil
selectivitatea dehidrogenarii etilbenzenului sau activitatea catalizatorului si anume:
dezalchilarea etilbenzenului:
C6H5-C2H5C6H6+C2H4 = 103,19 KJ/mol 0 298 H
hidrodezalchilarea etilbenzenului:
C6H5-C2H5C6H5-CH3+C2H4 = 66,045 KJ/mol 0 298 H
3
hidrodezalchilarea toluenului:
C6H5-CH3+H2 C6H6+CH4 = -42,5KJ/mol 0 298 H
formarea cocsului:
C6H5-C2H5 8C+5H2
1.3 Catalizatori
Primul catalizator folosit la obinerea stirenului a fost constituit dintr-un amestec
de trei componeni: ZnO, Al2O3, CaO care la temperatura de 600 675C conduce la
obinerea unei conversii de 38 % i a unei selectiviti de 82 %.
n prezent se folosesc catalizatori alctuii exclusiv pe baz de oxizi de fier
promotai cu compui ai potasiului, cromului, vanadiului, zincului, cuprului, cu metale
rare etc. Aceti catalizatori se caracterizeaz prin: stabilitate bun n prezen vaporilor
de ap, activitate i selectivitate ridicat (randamente de circa 60 %, selectiviti de peste
90 %), durat de funcionare ndelungat (circa 2 ani). Principalul component activ,
oxidul de fier, are i rolul de suport al catalizatorului. Prin promotarea cu un compus
alcalin, constanta vitezei de reacie crete cu un ordin de mrime.
S-a observat de asemenea c promotorul alcalin, de tipul compuilor cu potasiu,
influeneaz favorabil viteza reaciei de regenerare a cocsului depus pe catalizator.
S-a constatat c viteza formrii stirenului i a toluenului crete cu creterea bazicitatii
promotorului, dar n schimb, formarea benzenului este legat de funcia acid a
catalizatorului.
Selectivitatea maxim a stirenului se observ n cazul
utilizrii promotorilor de Rb i Li.
Adugarea unor promotori de tipul Cr, Ti, Al, Mg etc. constituie distanieri ce
mpiedic contactul ntre cristalele uor sinterizabile, influennd stabilitatea catalizatorilor.
Ali promotori de stabilizare sunt oxizii metalelor alcaline puternic electropozitive
(Rb, Cs) i oxizii metalelor alcalino-pmntoase (Ca, Sr, Ba).
Elementele din grupa a II-a sunt mai puin active ca promotori, n schimb,
compuii lor (cum este aluminatul de calciu), confer rezisten mecanic sporit
catalizatorului.
Compuii chimici care reprezint otrvuri ale catalizatorilor sunt sulful i mai ales
clorul, ca atare sau sub form de combinaii. Otrvirea cu clor este relativ lent i
afecteaz progresiv ntreaga mas a stratului catalitic. Presupunerea c otrvirea are loc
prin blocarea centrilor activi ai catalizatorului este justificat prin uurina cu care, n
general, halogenurile particip la fenomenul de sinterizare. Industrial, efectul nociv al
clorului este atenuat prin reinerea lui pe un strat de catalizator aditional, aezat deasupra
principalului strat catalitic.
Dezactivarea reversibil a catalizatorilor de dehidrogenare are loc prin depuneri
de cocs pe centri activi.
4
Figu
ra 1.4. 1 Schema instalatiei de dehidrogenare cu functionarea izoterma a reactorului
Figura 1.4.2 Figura nr. 2 - Schema instalaiei de obinere a stirenului prin dehidrogenarea adiabatic
Date intrare
Capacitatea instalatiei
Conversia totala etilbenzen
Puritatea stiren
Pierderile stiren din stiren produs
Nr. Ore de functionare pe an
Raport masic abur/materie prima la intrare in
reactor
3
Conversia reactii secundare
Cs1 C6H5CH2CH3 C6H6 + C2H4
20
Cs2 C6H5C2H5 + 16H2O 8CO2 + 21H2
38
Cs3 C6H5CH2CH3 + H2 C6H5CH2CH3 +
CH4
42
Temperatura de intrare in reactor
630
Diametrul interior ractor radial
3.2
Densitate catalizator
1375
Valoa unitate de
re
masura
0.2
%
99.8
Valoa unitate de
re
masura
0.1
%
99.5
%
10
%mol
%mol
%mol
C
m
kg/m3
Toluen
Stiren
0.2
0.2
%
%
11
debit anual
DSt=
55000 10
8000
= 6875 kg stiren/h
DSt=
99.4
100
kg stiren
]
h
D St puritatea stiren
100
,[
kg stiren
h
6875= 6833.75
DSt=
6833.75 100
1001.8
kg stiren
h
= 6959.012
12
10
20
30
40
50
100
98.9
95.5
92
87.7
85
105
100
95
Randament %mol
90
85
80
75
0
10
20
30
40
Conversie % mol
13
50
60
CU=
87.4 41
100
St
= 87.4 %
, [%]
= 35.83 %
D St 106
104
EBin St =
6959.012 106
104
EBalim =
EB St
CU
EBalim=
7092.839
35.83
,[
kmol
h
= 7092.839 kmol/h
100 ,[
kmol
h
EBtransf=
C t EB alim
100
EBtransf=
41 19795.81
100
,[
kmol
h
= 8116.283 kmol/h
kmol
h
EBnetransf=19795.81-8116.283=11679.53 kmol/h
14
EB transf
D St
8116.283
6833.75
kg/kg
= 1.187676 kg/k
15
nEB=EBalim , kmol/h
nbenzen=
EB transf total
0.2
99.8
EBrecirculat 0.1
99.5
ntoluen=
EB recirculat 0.2
99.5
, kmol/h
nstiren=
EB recirculat 0.2
99.5
, kmol/h
com
p
EB
B
T
St
MP proaspata
MP recirculata
%ma Gi,
Mi,
%ma Gi,
Mi,
sa
kg/h
M kmol/h
sa
kg/h
kmol/h
10
11679.52 110.184235
99.8 8116.283
6 76.56871
99.5
9
6
0.15049000
0.2 16.2651 78 0.208527
0.1 11.73822
1
0.25517869
0 92
0
0.2 23.47644
7
10
0.22573500
0
4
0
0.2 23.47644
2
110.815639
100 8132.548
76.77723
100 11738.22
3
comp
EB
B
T
St
, kmol/h
Gi, kg/h
19795.81183
28.00331597
23.47644016
23.47644016
M.P total
%masa
Mi, kmol/h
99.62278158
186.7529
0.140927195
0.359017
0.11814561
0.255179
0.11814561
0.225735
16
%mol
99.55226
0.191381
0.136028
0.120332
% fr mol
0.995523
0.001914
0.00136
0.001203
19870.76802
Gabur=
100
187.5929
abur
17
100
100
100
neBenzen= niBenzen+
neEtena=
EB reac sec CS 1
100
EB reac sec CS 1
100
neToluen= niToluen +
, kmol/h
, kmol/h
EB reac sec CS 3
100
neMetan=
EB reac sec CS 3
100
neCO2=
EB reac sec CS 2 8
100
, kmol/h
, kmol/h
, kmol/h
EB reac sec CS 2 16
100
neAbur= niAbur -
, kmol/h
, kmol/h
Mi
Intrare
Gi, kg/h
Mi, kmol/h
Iesire
%mol
Gi,kg/h
EB
106
19795.81
186.7529
5.356178 11678.22
St
104
23.47644
0.225735
0.006474
H2
78
11.47
0.147051
92
23.47644
C2H4
28
162.35
Mi,kmol/h
110.17
%mol
3.060992
2.08
0.0577913
396.5
4.31
0.1197502
0.004218
6982.48
67.14
1.8654353
0.255179
0.007319
54.06
1.93
0.0536236
4.06
0.1128041
64.88
18
CH4
16
1291.34
29.35
0.8154681
CO2
44
279.79
139.89
3.8867402
H2O
18
59387.44
3299.302
3240.23
90.027395
79241.67
3486.683
3599.16
100
Total
94.62581 58324.22
100
79240.84
19
20
H T = CpdT
0
, kmol/h
H 298
r = H f produse H f reactanti
H T = H 0 + aT + b
, kcal/kmol
T2
T3
T4
+ c + d
2
3
4
, kcal/kmol
a= a produsi areactanti
b= b produsi b reactanti
c= c produsi creactanti
d = d produsi d reactanti
EB
St
B
T
CH4
C2H4
H2
CO2
7.12
35.22
19.82
11.95
-17.889
12.496
0
-94.0518
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
kcal/mol
H2O
-57.7979
kcal/mol
21
Nr. reactiei
d
H 298 K
Reactia
principala
9.312
Secundara 1
0.694
Secundara 2
97.44
Secundara 3
-1.945
0.01573
4
0.00615
0.14217
8
0.01376
6
8.779E-06
(kcal/kmol)
-1.95E-09
28100
4.67E-06
-1.19E-09
0.0000915
87
-2.395E08
165232
0.0000204
51
-7.38E-09
-13059
r=k1
lgk1=
4770
+ 4.1
T
lgkp=
6467
+6.8
T
p EB
),
]
]
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
kmol EB St
h
kg catatm
kmolEB St
h
kg catatm
Calculul reactorului
22
25196
= r
F- alimentare cu etilbenzen
G
dG
Sj =
H(Di+2zj-1)
j1
zn
Zj-1=
0
zj
=r
D- diametru reactor
cat
F x j
r j cat S
cat
zj
, [m]
- densitate catalizator
- lungimea zonei de reactive j
Qi,j= Qe,j+Qr,j
Qi,j= Ti,j n i ,i , j c pi ,i , j
23
H i , j xi , j
Qr,j = Fj
i=1
zona j
Te,j = Ti,j-
F j H i , j xi , j
i=1
ni ,i , j c pi ,i , j
j
x i , j - comversia etilbenzenului in zona j( pentru
cele 4 zone)
Hi, j
x
= 5% 7 zone
Zona I
xi,1=0
xe,1= xi,1 + x = 0 + 0.05 = 0.05
Ti,1= Ti reactor= 630 C= 903 K
Te,1 calc = Ti,1-
F H i x i
ni c pi
T i ,1 +T e, 1
2
T1
630+ 624
2
= 627 C = 900 K
24
xre1=
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
1=100+
x
98.9100
0.05
5=99.45 = C t = e 1 =
=0.0503
10
1 0.9945
xre1 1=
0.05
20
0.05 )
=0.0000553
( 0.9945
100
xre1 2=
0.05
38
0.05 )
=0.000105
( 0.9945
100
xre1 3=
0.05
42
0.05 )
=0.000116
( 0.9945
100
Reactia
Principala (R1,1)
Secundara 1 (S1,1)
Secundara 2 (S1,2)
Secundara 3 (S1,3)
(kcal/kmol)
29772.02652
24296.88169
199525.1932
-15599.44193
ni , (kmol/h)
186.7529
0.147051
0.255179
0.225735
3299.302
cpi , (kcal/(kmolK))
71.54172813
48.08682902
59.52850581
65.20149169
9.574863713
nicpi , (kcal/(hK))
13360.63
7.07123
15.19041
14.71826
31590.37
44987.97
25
F H i x i
ni c pi
= 896.74 K
Component
ne,
kmol/h
186.752
9
0.22573
5
EB
St
H2
0
0.14705
1
0.25517
9
B
T
C2H4
0
CH4
0
CO2
0
3299.30
2
3486.68
3
H2O
p St p H 2
kp
ye
r= k1
lg k1=
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.2008= k 1=0.0630
T1
899.87
p EB
yi
)
26
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.387= k p=0.4106
T1
899.87
lg kp=
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.0782 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.0021 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.00417 atm
r= k1
zj
(
=
p St p H 2
p EB
kp
F x j
r j cat S
= 0.006567343
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
= 0.006570617[m]
S1 = Di H =60,288 m2
27
Zona II
xi,2= xe,1= 0.05
xe,2= xi,2 + x = 0.05 + 0.05= 0.1
Ti,2= Te,1= 896.74 K
Te,2 calc = Ti,1-
F H i x i
ni c pi
Presupunem : Te,2=Ti,2 T i ,2 +T e, 2
2
Tm,2=
xre2=
T2
896.74+890.5
2
= 893.62 K
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
2=98.9 =
x e2
0.1
=
=0.101
2 0.989
xre12 1=
0.1
20
0.1 )
=
( 0.989
100
0.000222
xre12 2=
0.1
38
0.1 )
=
( 0.989
100
0.000423
xre12 3=
0.1
42
0.1 )
=
( 0.989
100
0.000467
28
Hr
Reactia
(kcal/kmol)
Principala (R1,1)
29766.56
Secundara 1 (S1,1)
24309.16
Secundara 2 (S1,2)
Compozitie
cpi , kcal/kmolK 112028.1
ni, kmol/h
Secundara
-12053.8 177.3637
EB 3 (S1,3)
71.30676
St
64.99934
9.563382
H2
7.162734
9.728054
B
47.92934
0.157379
T
59.32574
0.276868
C2H4
21.45369
0.010328
CH4
16.05087
0.021689
CO2
12.51563
0.156989
H2O
9.558164
3298.988
cpini , kcal/hK
12647.22703
621.6135554
69.67946025
7.543096206
16.42539635
0.221578406
0.348131442
1.964815205
31532.26961
3496.266
44897.29267
F H i x i
ni c pi
= 890.716 K
29
ni, kmol/h
ne, kmol/h
yii
yie
177.3637 167.8699345
0.050729
0.04787602
0.002852
9.563382 18.90102918
0.002735
0.005390519
0.004062
9.728054 20.24560506
0.002782
0.005773988
0.004277
0.157379 0.188593898
4.5E-05
5.37864E-05
4.939E-05
0.276868 0.342418191
7.92E-05
9.76567E-05
8.842E-05
0.010328 0.041542616
2.95E-06
1.18478E-05
7.398E-06
0.021689 0.087239494
6.2E-06
2.48805E-05
1.554E-05
0.156989 0.631447763
4.49E-05
0.000180087
1.124E-04
3298.988 3298.039076
0.943575
0.940591214
0.942082
3496.266 3506.346887
lg k1=
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.2372= k 1=0.0579
T2
893.62
lg kp=
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.436= k p =0.3664
T2
893.62
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.00428 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.00609 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.00641 atm
Calculul vitezei din zona II:
r= k1
p p
p EB St H 2
kp
= 0.005699763
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
30
zj
F x j
r j cat S
= 0.00754 [m]
S2 = Di H =60.53558 m2
Zona III
xi,3= xe,2= 0.05
xe,3= xi,3 + x = 0.05 + 0.1= 0.15
Ti,3= Te,2= 890.7 K
Te,3 calc = Ti,3-
F H i x i
ni c pi
T i ,3 +T e ,3
2
xre3=
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
T3
=890.7-6 =884.5 K
890.7+884.5
2
=887.6 K
3=97.2 =
x e3 0.15
=
=0.154
3 0.972
xre13 1=
0.1
20
0.15 )
=
( 0.972
100
0.000864198
xre13 2=
0.1
38
0.15 )
=
( 0.972
100
0.001641975
xre13 3=
0.1
42
0.15 )
=
( 0.972
100
0.001814815
31
Hr
Principala (R3,1)
Secundara 1 (S3,1)
Secundara 2 (S3,2)
Secundara 3 (S3,3)
29761.24603
24320.69654
112218.7587
-12073.7383
(kcal/kmol)
32
ni, kmol/h
167.8699345
cpini , kcal/hK
11931.91812
18.90102918
1224.838013
20.24560506
144.9452821
0.188593898
9.010287481
0.342418191
20.24672981
0.041542616
0.888282267
0.087239494
1.394433615
0.631447763
7.88731524
3298.039076
31470.19601
3506.346887
44811.32448
33
F H i x i
ni c pi
= 884.6 K
34
Componen
t
EB
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
ni, kmol/h
ne, kmol/h
yii
yie
167.8699345
157.933
0.047876 0.044885998
0.04638
18.90102918
28.23868
0.005391 0.008025687
0.00671
20.24560506
34.11354
0.005774 0.009695376
0.00773
0.188593898
0.308443
5.4E-05 8.76622E-05
7.083E-05
0.342418191
0.594101
9.77E-05 0.000168849
1.332E-04
0.041542616
0.161391
1.18E-05 4.58689E-05
5.766E-05
0.087239494
0.338922
2.5E-05 9.63247E-05
1.213E-04
0.631447763
2.45315
1.80E-04 0.000697207
4.386E-04
3298.039076
3294.396
0.940591 0.936297027
0.93844
3506.346887
3518.537
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.2736= k 1=0.0533
T2
887.6
lg kp=
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.485= k p =0.3271
T2
887.6
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.0695 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.01006 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.0116 atm
Calculul vitezei din zona III:
r= k1
p EB
p St p H 2
kp
= 0.004907
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
35
zj
F x j
r j cat S
= 0.008717 [m]
S3 = Di H =60.81968 m2
Zona IV
xi,4= xe,3= 0.05
xe,4= xi,4 + x = 0.05 + 0.15= 0.2
Ti,4= Te,3= 884.5 K
Te,4 calc = Ti,4-
F H i x i
ni c pi
T i , 4+ T e , 4
2
xre1=
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
T4
=884.5 - 6 =878.5 K
884.5+ 878.5
2
=881.6 K
4 =95.5 =
x e4
0.2
=
=0.209
4 0.955
xre14 1=
0.2
20
0.2 )
=
( 0.955
100
0.000864198
xre14 2=
0.2
38
0.2 )
=
( 0.955
100
0.001641975
xre14 3=
0.2
42
0.2 )
=
( 0.955
100
0.001814815
36
Hr
(kcal/kmol)
29755.73
24332.27
112413.7
-12094.8
37
Compozitie
EB
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
cpi , kcal/kmolK
70.84482
ni, kmol/h
157.933
cpini , kcal/hK
11188.74
64.60155
28.23868
1824.262
7.155941
34.11354
244.1145
47.61936
0.308443
14.68785
58.92719
0.594101
35.00868
21.30977
0.161391
3.439214
15.91605
0.338922
12.46561
2.45315
30.58
9.525823
3294.396
31381.83
3518.537
44728.05
5.394301
38
F H i x i
= 878.6 K
ni c pi
ni, kmol/h
ne, kmol/h
yii
yie
157.933
147.6424 0.044885998
0.04179649
0.04333
28.23868
37.57632 0.008025687
0.01063759
0.01866
34.11354
50.656 0.009695376
0.01434035
0.01201
0.308443
0.499046 8.76622E-05
0.00014128
1.144E-04
0.594101
0.994368 0.000168849
0.0002815
2.251E-04
0.161391
0.351995 4.58689E-05
9.9647E-05
1.455E-04
0.338922
0.73919 9.63247E-05
0.00020926
1.526E-04
2.45315
5.350325 0.000697207
0.00151464
1.105E-03
3294.396
3288.601 0.936297027
0.93097926
0.93363
3518.537
3532.411
39
lg k1=
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.3104= k 1=0.0489
T4
881.6
lg kp=
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.5353= k p =0.2915
T4
881.6
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.0649 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.0279 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.0180 atm
Calculul vitezei din zona IV:
r= k1
zj
(
=
p St p H 2
p EB
kp
F x j
r j cat S
= 0.004166
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
= 0.01021 [m]
S4 = Di H =61.1481 m2
Zona V
xi,5= xe,4= 0.05
xe,5= xi,5 + x = 0.05 + 0.2= 0.25
Ti,5= Te,4= 903 K
Te,5 calc = Ti,5-
F H i x i
ni c pi
T i ,5 +T e ,5
2
T5
903+897
2
=903- 6 =897 K
=900 K
40
xre1=
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
5=93.75 =
x e5
0.25
=
=0.267
5 0.9375
xre15 1=
0.25
20
0.25 )
=
( 0.9375
100
0.003333
xre15 2=
0.25
38
0.25 )
=
( 0.9375
100
0.006333
xre15 3=
0.25
42
0.25 )
=
( 0.9375
100
0.00913
Hr
(kcal/kmol)
29772.03
24296.88
111829.2
-12117
41
Compozitie
EB
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
cpi , kcal/kmolK
71.54173
ni, kmol/h
147.6424
cpini , kcal/hK
10562.59
65.20149
37.57632
2450.032
7.166282
50.656
363.0152
48.08683
0.499046
23.99756
59.52851
0.994368
59.19326
21.5272
0.351995
7.577467
16.12018
0.73919
11.91587
12.54124
5.350325
67.0997
9.574864
3288.601
31487.91
3532.411
45033.33
42
F H i x i
ni c pi
= 897.2 K
Component
EB
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
ni, kmol/h
ne, kmol/h
yii
yie
147.6424 136.9521573
0.041796
0.038598
0.04019
37.57632 46.91397045
0.010638
0.013222
0.01193
50.656 70.21910611
0.01434
0.01979
0.01706
0.499046 0.769561088
0.000141
0.000217
1.79E-04
0.994368
1.56244929
0.000281
0.00044
3.605E-04
0.351995 0.622509806
9.96E-05
0.000175
2.746E-04
0.73919 1.307270592
0.000209
0.000368
5.77E-04
9.46214905
0.001515
0.002667
2.091E-03
3288.601 3280.377673
0.930979
0.924522
0.92775
3532.411 3548.186847
5.350325
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.199= k 1=0.0632
T5
900
43
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.3847= k p =0.4123
T5
900
lg kp=
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.0603 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.0179 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.0256 atm
Calculul vitezei din zona V:
r= k1
zj
p St p H 2
p EB
kp
F x j
r j cat S
= 0.004955
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
= 0.00859 [m]
S5 = Di H =60.288 m2
Zona VI
xi,6= xe,5= 0.05
xe,6= xi,6 + x = 0.05 + 0.25= 0.3
Ti,6= Te,5= 897 K
Te,6 calc = Ti,6-
F H i x i
ni c pi
T i ,6 +T e ,6
2
xre1=
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
T6
897+891
2
=897- 6 =891 K
=894 K
44
6=92 =
x e 6 0.3
=
=0.326
6 0.92
xre16 1=
0.3
20
0.3 )
=
( 0.92
100
0.005217
xre16 2=
0.3
38
0.3 )
=
( 0.92
100
0.009913
xre16 3=
0.3
42
0.3 )
=
( 0.92
100
0.010957
Hr
(kcal/kmol)
29769.48
24302.66
111922.2
-12140.2
45
cpi , kcal/kmolK
71.31674
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
ni, kmol/h
136.9521573
cpini , kcal/hK
9766.9808
65.00793
46.91397045
3049.7801
7.162883
70.21910611
502.97126
47.93603
0.769561088
36.889707
59.33435
1.56244929
92.706914
21.45681
0.622509806
13.357075
16.0538
1.307270592
20.986666
12.51672
9.46214905
118.43504
9.55887
3280.377673
31356.704
3548.186847
44958.812
=1912.742 kcal/kmol
46
F H i x i
ni c pi
= 891.1K
47
lg
Component
EB
St
ni, kmol/h
ne, kmol/h
yii
0.038598 0.035294
0.03694
46.91397045 56.25161753
0.013222 0.015775
0.01449
CH4
1.56244929 2.301341364
0.00044 0.000645
0.622509806 0.974363174
1.307270592 2.046162666
9.46214905 14.81032025
3280.377673 3269.681331
0.924522 0.916931
3548.186847 3565.898604
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.4331= k p=0.3689
T6
897
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.0554 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.0225 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.0687 atm
Calculul vitezei din zona VI:
r= k1
zj
(
=
p EB
p St p H 2
kp
F x j
r j cat S
0.04583
5.425E04
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.2350= k 1=0.05820
T6
894
lg kp=
0.02604
CO2
H2O
0.01979
0.769561088 1.121414457
T
C2H4
136.9521573 125.8552434
70.21910611 92.85681053
H2
yie
= 0.004091
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
= 0.01045 [m]
S6= DiH=60.6119 m2
48
0.92072
k1=
Zona VI
xi,7= xe,6= 0.05
xe,7= xi,7 + x = 0.05 + 0.308=0.358
Ti,7= Te,6= 891 K
Te,6 calc = Ti,6-
F H i x i
ni c pi
T i ,7 +T e ,7
2
xre1=
xe 1
CS
x e1
1
100
T7
891+ 884
2
=891- 6 =884 K
=887.5 K
7=90.5 =
x e 7 0.358
=
=0.395
7 0.905
xre17 1=
20
0.358 )
=
( 0.358
0.905
100
0.01029
xre17 2=
38
0.358 )
=
( 0.358
0.905
100
0.01955
xre17 3=
42
0.358 )
=
( 0.358
0.905
100
0.02161
Reactia
Principala (R6,1)
Secundara 1 (S6,1)
Secundara 2 (S6,2)
Secundara 3 (S6,3)
Hr
(kcal/kmol)
29764.26896
24314.18788
112110.7416
-12164.4819
50
Compozitie
EB
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
cpi , kcal/kmolK
71.08918391
ni, kmol/h
125.8552434
cpini , kcal/hK
8946.946541
64.81204386
56.25161753
3645.782303
7.159504918
92.85681053
664.8087916
47.78340398
1.121414457
53.58500001
59.13800954
2.301341364
136.0967475
21.38581011
0.974363174
20.83754583
15.98713427
2.046162666
32.71227728
12.49201693
14.81032025
185.0107713
9.542851817
3269.681331
31202.08443
3565.898604
44887.86441
51
F H i x i
ni c pi
= 883.8K
Component
EB
St
H2
B
T
C2H4
CH4
CO2
H2O
ni, kmol/h
ne, kmol/h
yii
yie
125.8552434
110.2831
0.035294
0.03064
0.03296
56.25161753
67.08329
0.015775
0.018638
0.01720
92.85681053
139.5262
0.02604
0.038765
0.06480
1.121414457
2.069502
0.000314
0.000575 4.44E-04
2.301341364
4.292326
0.000645
0.001193 9.19E-04
0.974363174
1.922451
0.000273
0.000534 8.07E-04
2.046162666
4.037147
0.000574
0.001122 8.48E-04
14.81032025
29.22125
0.004153
0.008119 6.13E-03
3269.681331
3240.859
0.916931
0.900415
3565.898604
3599.295
4770
4770
+ 4.1=
+ 4.1=1.2752= k 1=0.05306
T7
887.5
52
0.90867
k1=
6467
6467
+6.8=
+6.8=0.4875= k p =0.3254
T7
887.5
lg kp=
P = 1,5 atm
PEB= yEBP = 0.0494 atm
PSt= yStP = 0.0258 atm
pH2= yH2P = 0.0097 atm
Calculul vitezei din zona VII:
r= k1
zj
(
=
p St p H 2
p EB
kp
F x j
r j cat S
= 0.003135
EB
h
kg catalizator
kmol
= 0.01351 [m]
S7= DiH=61.0059 m2
z 1 treapta 1= 0.03304 m
z2
treapta 2= 0.03257 m
Streapta1=
D i2
4
2 Dgr L gr
=0.004 m
D gr + Lgr
=8.0425 m2
Vi, treapta 1 =
ni ,treapta1 RT i ,treapta1
p 3600
Ve, treapta 1=
ne ,treapta1 RT e ,treapta 1
p 3600
= 48.526
m
s
= 47.703
m3
s
V i ,tr 1 V e ,tr 1
+
S
Viteza fictiv medie a gazelor Vm, treapta 1 = S
2
2
180 (1 ) V m tr 1 H c
3
2
ptr1=
d eg
Streapta 2=
Vi, treapta 2=
D2i
4
= 8.0425m2
ni ,treapta 2 R T i , treapta2
p 3600
m3
= 49.027 s
54
= 5.9825
m3
s
Ve, treapta 2=
ne ,treapta2 R T e ,treapta 2
p 3600
= 49.894
ptr2=
180 (1 )2 V m, tr 2 H c
3 d 2eg
m3
s
V i ,tr 2 V e ,tr 2
+
S
S
2
= 6.149
m3
s
4. Concluzii
n urma calculului reactorului a rezultat un ztr1 = 0.03304 m i ztr2 = 0.03257m
. Reactorul fiind operat adiabatic iar reaciile fiind global endoterme explic de ce apare
o cdere de temperatur de la 903 K la intrare n reactor pn la 878.6 K la ieirea din
prima treapt i de la 903K pn a 883.8 K la ieirea din a doua treapt.
Comparnd reactorul adiabatic cu curgere radial i cel cu curgere axial apare n
primul rnd diferena ntre diametrele interioare. Reactorul cu curgere axial are un
diametru interior mai mare, prin urmare este mai costisitor lund n considerare c este
construit din acelai material ca cel cu curgere radial. De asemenea avnd acelai volum
de catalizator reactorul cu curgere axial are mai mult spaiu liber n interior, prin urmare
va avea cderi de presiuni mai mari dect reactorul cu curgere radial.
55
5. Bibliografie
1. Suciu, Gh. C., .a., Ingineria prelucrrii hidrocarburilor. Volumul V, Editura Tehnic,
Bucureti, 1999.
2. Mcri, V., Benzen-Toluen-Xilen i derivaii industriali. Partea I, Editura Bucureti,
1992.
3. Crloganu, C., Introducerea n ingineria reaciilor chimice, Editura Bucureti, 1980.
4. Paulo Jardel P. Araujo, Manuela Souza Leite, Teresa M. Kakuta Ravagnant ,
Evaluation of the parameters and conditions of process in the ethylbenzen
dehydrogenation with application of permselective membranes to enhance styrene yied,
The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2016 , article ID 4949183 , 7 pages.
5. Nederlof, Christian, Catalytic dehydrogenations of ethybenzene to styrene, Thesis,
Delft University of Technology, 2012.
56