The Software

Quality
Challenge
Manajemen Kualitas
Perangkat Lunak

Galin Ch. 1

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The uniqueness of software quality assurance

DO you think that there is a bug-free software?

Can software developers warrant their software
applications and their documentation from any
bugs or defects ?
What are the essential elemental differences
between software and other industrial products
such as automobiles, washing machines etc?

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The essential differences between software and other

industrial products can be categorized as follows :
1.
2.
3.

Product complexity : # of operational modes the

product permit.
Product visibility : SW products are invisible.
Product development and production process.

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The phases at which the possibility of detecting

defects in industrial products and software products:
SW products do not benefit from the opportunities for
detection of defects at the three phases of the production
process
Industrial products:
Product development

: QA -> product prototype

Product production planning : Production - line
Manufacturing : QA procedure applied
Software products:
Product development

: QA -> product prototype

Product production planning : Not required
Manufacturing : Copying the product & printing copies
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Factors affecting detecting defects in SW

products VS other industrial products:
Characteristic

SW products

Other industrial products

Complexity

Usually, v. complex allowing

for v. large number of
operational options

Degree of complexity much

lower

Visibility

Invisible, impossible to detect

defects or omissions by sight (
diskette or CD storing )

Visible, allowing effective

detection of defects by sight

Nature of
development and
production
process

Opportunities to detect defects Opportunities to detect defects

arise in only one phase,
arise in all phases of
namely product development
development and production

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Important Conclusion
The uniqueness of the software development
process
- High complexity, as compared to other
industrial products
- Invisibility of the product
- Opportunities to detect defects (bugs) are
limited to the product development phase

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The environment for which SQA

methods are developed
Pupils

& students
Hobbies
Engineers, economics , mgt & other fields
SW development professionals
All those SW developers are required to deal with
SW quality problems Bugs
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SQA environment
The main characteristics of this environment :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Contractual conditions (functional req, budget,

timetable)
Subjection to customer-supplier relationship
Required teamwork
Cooperation and coordination with other SW teams
Interfaces with other SW systems
The need to continue carrying out a project despite
team member changes.
The need to continue out SW maintenance for
extended period.
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Contractual conditions
the activities of SW development & maintenance need to
cope with :
A defined

list of functional requirements

The project budget
The project timetable

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10

Subjection to customer-supplier relationship

SW

developer must cooperate continuously with

customer :

To consider his request to changes

To discuss his criticisms
To get his approval for changes

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11

Required teamwork
Factors

motivating the establishment of a

project team:

Timetable requirements
The need of variety
The wish to benefit from professional mutual
support & review for enhancement of
project quality

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12

Cooperation and coordination with other

SW teams
Cooperation

may be required with:

Other SW dev. Teams in the same org.

HW dev. teams in the same org.
SW & HW dev. teams of other suppliers
Customer SW and HW dev. teams that take part in
the projects dev.

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13

Interfaces with other SW Systems

Input

interfaces
Output interfaces
I/O interfaces to the machines control board, as in
medical and lab. Control systems

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14

The need to continue carrying out a project

despite team member changes.
During

project dev. Period we might be face :

Leave from the members of the team

Switch in employees
Transfer to another city

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15

The need to continue out SW

maintenance for extended period.
From

5 to 10 years , customers need continue to

utilizing their systems:

Maintenance
Enhancement
Changes ( Modification )

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16

Question?

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