A=

1 0 1 1
4 1 3 2
2 1 0 1
3 1 3 4
8 2 7 5

0
1
1
1
4

det(IA) = (2)5

dim(N (A 2I)) = 2, dim(N (A 2I)2 ) = 4,

dim(N (A 2I)3 ) = 5




0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0




, u12 = 0 , u21 = 0 , u22 = 1
1
u11 =




1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0

u31

0
1
0
2


= v31 , v21 = (A 2I)v31 = 1
0
=


1
2
0
5

Choose v22 s.t. {u11 , u12 , v21 , v22 } is a basis of

N (A 2I)2 :

1
0

v22 =
1
0
0
v11 = (A 2I)v21 ,

v12 = (A 2I)v22

5 19 9
A = 0 0 1 , det(I A) = ( 1)3
1 4 2
dim(N (A I)) = 1

v1 = [7, 1, 1]T
(A I)v2 = v1
v2 = [3, 1, 0]T
(A I)v3 = v2
v3 = [3, 0, 1]T