Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis
8) A technique in which ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions are
consolidated into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding,
and generate new ideas is called:
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis
9) A technique that allows large numbers of ideas to be classified into groups for review
and analysis is:
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis
10) A technique that utilizes a decision matrix to provide a systematic analytical
approach for establishing criteria, such as risk levels, uncertainty, and valuation, to
evaluate and rank many ideas is:
a. Nominal group technique
b. Idea/mind mapping
c. Affinity diagram
d. Multicriteria decision analysis
11) Which of the below are classification models used for stakeholder analysis?
a. Power/interest grid
b. Power/influence grid
c. Influence/impact grid
d. Salience model
12) Salience model describes classes of stakeholders based on which of the following?
a. Power, Urgency, Legitimacy
b. Power, Interest, Legitimacy
c. Power, Interest, Legality
d. Position, Interest, Legitimacy
13) In the control chart for your manufacturing process, you notice that only one data
point has exceeded the control limit. Out of the remaining 14 points, seven are well
above the mean and seven are well below the mean. This means that your process is:
a. Well within control
b. Out of control
c. Within control but needs to be closely monitored
d. Cant say with the information provided
14) Which of the below are considered quality tools?
a. Affinity diagrams
b. Process decision program charts (PDPC)
c. Interrelationship digraphs
d. Tree diagrams
15) Which of the following is not true about Planning poker technique?
a. It is a consensus-based technique for estimating, mostly used to estimate effort or
relative size of development goals in software development
b. Members of the group make estimates by playing numbered cards face-down to the
table, instead of speaking them aloud
c. Anchoring, where the first number spoken aloud sets a precedent for subsequent
estimates
d. The winning person/team is subsequently awarded the project
16) Which of the below is true about semantic interoperability?
a. If two or more systems are capable of communicating and exchanging data, they are
exhibiting syntactic interoperability
b. It is the ability to automatically interpret the information exchanged meaningfully and
accurately in order to produce useful results as defined by the end users of both
systems
c. To achieve semantic interoperability, both sides must refer to a common information
exchange reference model
d. The content of the information exchange requests are unambiguously defined: what is
sent is the same as what is understood
17) Which of the following problems does Planguage not address?
a. Requirement creep
b. Unclear requirements
c. Resource utilization
d. Error in specifications
18) Which of the below maps the journey of user with his emotions and experience and
seeks to improve customer retention?
a. User journey map
b. Behavior-driven development
c. Kano model
d. Test driven development
19) The Kano model uses which of the following customer preferences?
a. Must-be Quality, One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Indifferent Quality ,
Reverse Quality
b. Must-be Quality, One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Indifferent Quality ,
Forward Quality
c. Must-be Quality, Two-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Indifferent Quality ,
Reverse Quality
d. Must-be Quality, One-dimensional Quality, Attractive Quality, Different Quality ,
Reverse Quality
20) Which of the below are part of the Purpose-based alignment model?
a. Supplier, Differentiating, Who cares, Parity
b. Partner, Differentiating, Competitor, Parity
c. Partner, Differentiating, Who cares, Parity
d. Partner, Differentiating, Employee, Parity
Questions 21-40
29) When examining the business environment, you are digging into factors such as who the
competitors in your industry are, what the likelihood of new entrants coming into the
industry is, what are the alternatives to products offered by this company, what the
bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is. Which of the following techniques are you
using?
a. MOST Analysis
b. Porters five forces framework
c. Boston Box
d. Resource audit
30) In MOST analysis used to be used to examine the internal capability of an organization,
MOST stands for:
a. Mission, Options, Strategy, Tactics
b. Mission, Objectives, Strengths, Tactics
c. Mission, Objectives, Strategy, Technology
d. Mission, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics
31) During resource audit, you find that your organization has the technological resources
needed for the next initiative. Technology is an example of:
a. Tangible resource
b. Intangible resource
c. Human resource
d. None of the above
32) The Boston Box is used to assess an organizations products and services according to
their market shares and their market growth prospects. The four quadrants of the
Boston Box are:
a. Problem, Star, Dog, Cash cow
b. Wild cat, Star, Market share, Cash cow
c. Market growth, Star, Dog, Cash cow
d. Wild cat, Star, Dog, Cash cow
33) You are performing the SWOT analysis for your company. What does SWOT stand for?
a. Social factors, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
b. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats
c. Strengths, Weaknesses, Options, Threats
d. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Technologies
34) You are considering using Ansoffs matrix to define your companys business strategy.
The 2x2 matrix maps new and existing markets against new and existing products. The
matrix consists of which of the following?
a. Market preference, Market development, Product development, Diversification
b. Market penetration, Market development, Product development, Diversification
c. Market penetration, Market challenges, Product development, Diversification
d. Market penetration, Market development, Product determination, Diversification
35) Your company is planning to introduce their existing clothing maternity product line to
new countries. Which of the below (using Ansoffs matrix) is the strategy the company is
using?
a. Market penetration
b. Market development
c. Product development
d. Diversification
36) Your company is planning to use extensive marketing and sales campaigns and offers to
increase sales of their existing clothing maternity product line. Which of the below (using
Ansoffs matrix) is the strategy the company is using?
a. Market penetration
b. Market development
c. Product development
d. Diversification
37) McKinsey 7-S model defines the areas of an organization that need to be in alignment if
it is to operate effectively. Which of the below are the seven Ss in the McKinsey 7-S
model?
a. Structure, Simplicity, Shared values, Systems, Skills, Staff, Style
b. Structure, Strategy, Shared values, Systems, Skills, Staff, Schemes
c. Structure, Strategy, Shared values, Systems, Skills, Staff, Style
d. Structure, Strategy, Shared values, Sociology, Skills, Staff, Style
38) One of the Ss in the McKinsey 7-S model stands for Style. This can refer to culture and
management style. You notice that the managers in your organization tells the staff how
to go about doing their tasks and the staff follow. Which of the below styles does this fit
in?
a. Mentoring manager/empowered staff
b. Commanding manager/instructed staff
c. Mentoring manager/instructed staff
d. Commanding manager/Empowered staff
39) You are using the Four-view model to make changes to your organization. Which of the
below key areas would you consider?
a. People, Processes, Technology, Organization
b. People, Politics, Technology, Organization
c. People, Processes, Technology, Opportunities
d. People, Processes, Threats, Organization
40) Your organization has defined Excellent customer service as a critical success factor. It
has also decided to measure the number of complaints received from customers in a
quarter. The number of complaints received is a:
a. Key measure
b. Critical success measure
c. Key performance indicator
d. Key improvement indicator
Questions 41-60
41) In a recent customer satisfaction survey, 75% of your customers have rated your
organizations customer service as excellent. This is a:
a. Key measure
b. Critical success measure
c. Key performance indicator
d. Key improvement indicator
42) When using the Balanced Business Scorecard, which of the following are key
aspects of the performance that have to be considered?
a. Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Learning and Development
b. Financial, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Learning and Growth
c. Financial, Customer, Internal Business Principles, Learning and Growth
d. Economic, Customer, Internal Business Processes, Learning and Growth
43) You use different types of questions in the interviews you conduct with stakeholders.
Which of the following are types of questions?
a. Open, Closed, Limited choice, Link, Leading, Pointing
c. Rich picture
d. Pictogram
51) You have used the stakeholder wheel to look for stakeholders. Which of the below is
not true about the power interest grid?
a. The stakeholders who need to be managed actively fall in the high power/high
interest grid. These are the people who need to be kept
informed of each step in the
project
b. High power/ low interest grid is comprised of the senior stakeholders who usually
only need to be kept satisfied that the work is travelling in the right direction
c. Stakeholders who will have to operate the new business system fall in the low
power/high interest grid
d. Low power/low interest grid consists of the stakeholders who are on the fringes of the
study. They might be external suppliers of commodity
products or infrequent
customers, and as a result they exercise a great deal of influence
52) Which of the below should be captured in a stakeholder management plan?
a. Power and interest of stakeholder
b. Current attitude of stakeholder
c. Support desired from stakeholder
d. Any actions or communications
53) As a business analyst, you have classified activities as existing and satisfactory,
existing but not satisfactory, and not existing. You have come up with the as-is and to-be
states-if people need modified job roles and if a re-org is required. Which of the below
have you performed?
a. Gap analysis
b. Decision tree analysis
c. Root cause analysis
d. Fishbone analysis
54) You have come up with ARM requirements for a new system to be built. ARM stands
for:
a. Accuracy, reliability, and maintainability
b. Availability, reliability, and maintainability
c. Availability, resilience, and maintainability
d. Availability, reliability, and measurability
55) You are examining the forces within and outside the organization that can contribute
to acceptance or rejection of a proposed option. Which of the below techniques are you
using?
a. Force-impact analysis
b. Force-field analysis
c. Force-effect analysis
d. Force-benefit analysis
56) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of
the below is an example of tangible cost?
a. Development staff costs
b. Short-term loss of productivity
c. Reduced accommodation costs
d. Organization flexibility
57) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of
the below is an example of intangible cost?
a. User staff costs
b. Disruption
c. Staff savings
d. More creative thinking time
58) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of
the below is an example of tangible benefit?
a. User staff costs
b. Disruption
c. Staff savings
d. More creative thinking time
59) You have just performed the cost-benefit analysis for an upcoming project. Which of
the below is an example of an intangible benefit?
a. User staff costs
b. Disruption
c. Staff savings
d. More creative thinking time
60) For an upcoming report automation project, you are comparing the financial benefits
expected to flow from a proposal or project with the predicted costs, to see if it is worth
undertaking. Which of the below are methods of presenting an investment appraisal?
a. Payback analysis
b. Discounted cash flow leading to a net present value
c. Internal rate of return
d. Break high analysis
Questions 61-80
61) You have performed a business analysis study and are now documenting why the study
was done, what the principal findings were, what options were considered with their
main advantages and disadvantages, and a recommendation of what should be done.
Which of the below are you creating?
a. Feasibility report
b. Business case report
c. Impact analysis
d. Risk analysis
62) Which of the following techniques can you use in requirements elicitation?
a. Storyboarding
b. Prototyping
c. Hothousing
d. Scenarios
63) Which of the below is a technique used in requirements analysis?
a. Storyboarding
b. Prototyping
c. Hothousing
d. MoSCoW prioritization
64) When you are ensuring that requirements have been defined correctly, you are
performing which of the following?
a. Requirement verification
b. Requirement validation
c. Requirement analysis
d. Requirement structuring
65) When you are ensuring that all requirements support the delivery of value to the
business, fulfill its goals and objectives, and meet stakeholder needs, you are performing
which of the following?
a. Requirement verification
b. Requirement validation
c. Requirement analysis
d. Requirement structuring
66) Your stakeholder has informed you that he will accept the web application only if the
login functionality works as expected. This is called:
a. Fit criteria
b. Productivity measure
c. Requirement verification
d. Requirement validation
67) Requirements you gathered are undergoing verification. Which of the below
techniques can be used to carry out checks?
a. Peer group reviews
b. Walkthroughs
c. Technical reviews
d. Feasibility checking
68) Requirements you gathered are undergoing validation. Which of the below
techniques can be used to carry out checks?
a. Stakeholder sign offs
b. Inspections
c. Prototyping
d. Scenarios
69) Your colleague, a business analyst has asked you to check if the requirements he
prepared are of good quality. Which of the below are characteristics of good
requirements?
a. Current
b. Modifiable
c. Traceable
d. Feasible
70) As a Business analyst you make sure that requirement changes requested by
stakeholders are handled, concerned folks informed of changes and correct version of
the requirements document is referred to always. Which of the below are you
performing?
a. Requirement communication
b. Requirement verification
c. Requirement validation
d. Requirement management
71) To maintain requirements you add a version number to the requirements document.
Which of the following are techniques can you use to manage requirements?
a. Naming conventions
b. Baselining
c. Configuration identification
d. Change control
72) You are preparing the requirements traceability matrix and have found that a
requirement doesnt seem to have a business need. Which of the below is true of a
requirements traceability matrix?
a. It is bidirectional in that it tracks the requirements forwards by examining the
development of the solution deliverables and backwards by looking at the business
requirement that was specified for a particular feature of the solution
b. It is bidirectional in that it tracks the requirements backwards by examining the
80) Your company implemented a new web system to automate the process vendors
upload items for buyers to view. But even after the implementation, buyers still handle
this process manually with the vendors. What can be done to improve adoption of the
new system?
a. Provide training to users on how to use the new system
b. Provide training documents and conduct office hours to answer questions on the new
tool
c. Establish the new web system as the only way to process vendor-uploaded items
d. Encourage users to continue using the old system
81) To improve customer satisfaction, you plan to implement IT system changes. Which of
the below will enable the change?
a. Hiring IT staff
b. Creating training for support team
c. Developing IT system
d. Offer efficient customer support
82) Your company has implemented a multi-million dollar project that did not go very
well. Five years later, you are tasked with doing the benefits realization review. Which of
the following could be possible obstacles to doing the benefits realization review?
a. Lack of senior management support
b. Timing of review
c. Defects in the system
d. Organizational culture and politics
83) Your company is transitioning from the existing enterprise order management
system to a new system. Requirements that will not be needed once the migration is
complete and those that describe capabilities that the solution must have in order to
facilitate movement from the current state of the enterprise to a desired future state are
called:
a. Transition requirements
b. Functional requirements
c. Solution requirements
d. Non functional requirements
84) Which of the following is not true about plan-driven approach?
a. Focus is on maximizing up-front uncertainty
b. Ensures that the solution is fully defined before implementation
c. Business analysis work occurs early in the project
d. Formal change management and formal communication are the norm
85) Which of the following is not true about change-driven approach?
a. Focus is on rapid delivery of business value in short iterations in return for acceptance
of a higher degree of uncertainty regarding the overall delivery of the solution
b. Business analysis effort conducted early to produce an initial list of high-level
requirements
c. Formal documentation is often produced before the solution is implemented to
facilitate knowledge transfer
d. There is generally no separate change management process distinct from the selection
of new requirements for a given iteration
86) Which of the below increase the complexity of business analysis efforts as they
increase?
a. Number of business systems affected
d. Risks
94) Your company has decided to use Agile methodology for the next project. Which of
the below is true about this methodology?
a. All requirements, including new and changed requirements, are recorded in the
product backlog and prioritized
b. At the beginning of each iteration, the highest priority requirements are selected from
the backlog and estimated, and these estimates are used as input to determine
whether the requirement will be implemented in that iteration
c. At the beginning of each iteration, the highest priority requirements are selected from
the backlog and estimated, and these estimates are used as output to determine
whether the requirement will be implemented in that iteration
d. All requirements are prioritized at the beginning of the project
95) You conduct a performance review for your fellow business analyst. Which of the
following could you use to measure?
a. Deliverable due dates as specified in the business analysis plan
b. Frequency of changes to requirements
c. The number of review cycles required
d. Qualitative feedback from stakeholders
96) If a proposed requirement is not accepted by key stakeholders, the project manager
must manage the associated risk to the project:
a. By altering the project scope
b. By escalating the issue
c. By other appropriate responses
d. By doing nothing
97) You have the below requirements for building a web application:
Requirement A-Provide the ability to authenticate the user
Requirement B-Provide the ability to post to forums
You note that for the user to post to forums, he has to first login and be authenticated.
The relation between Requirement A and Requirement B is:
a. Cover
b. Subset
c. Effort
d. Necessity
98) You have the below requirements for a web application:
Requirement A-Source data about customers
Requirement B-Source data to send emails to customers about quote expiration dates
You note that to send emails about quote expiration dates, you need customer data such
as customer name, email, etc. If Requirement A is implemented, Requirement B is easier
to implement.
The relation between Requirement A and Requirement B is:
a. Cover
b. Subset
c. Effort
d. Necessity
99) You have the below requirements for a web application:
Requirement A-Source data about customers
Requirement B-Source data about quotes
Questions 101-120
101) During the requirements development process, you collected notes and created
diagrams. This collection of notes and diagrams is called:
a. Work model
b. Work product
c. Presentation
d. Formal documentation
102) You are preparing a requirements package for formal review and approval by
stakeholders. What other purposes does a requirements package serve?
a. Provide inputs to solution design
b. For conformance to contractual and regulatory obligations
c. For maintenance for re-use
d. For early assessment of quality and planning
103) You organization is trying to find possible solutions to implement an order entry
system and is seeking information to evaluate possible options. Which of the below
would be used to capture the requirements?
a. Business proposal document
b. Request for Information (RFI)
c. Request for Proposal (RFP)
d. Request for Quote (RFQ)
104) You organization is trying to find vendors to implement an order entry system. The
solution option has been decided. Which of the below would be used to capture the
requirements?
a. Business proposal document
b. Request for Information (RFI)
c. Request for Proposal (RFP)
d. Request for Presentation
105) Your companys competitors have achieved significant revenue growth by
automating their customer management process. Your company now has a business
need to match up to the competition. This business need has been generated by which of
the following?
a. The need to achieve a strategic goal
b. A problem with the current state of a process
c. Additional information to make sound decisions and perform additional functions to
119) In the context of systems theory, the term system includes which of the
following?
a.
People involved
b.
Interactions between the people
c.
External forces affecting their behavior
d.
120) Which of the below are interaction skills that are useful for a business analyst to
have?
a.
Facilitation
b.
Negotiation
c.
Leadership
d.
Team work
Questions 121-140
121) A structured process which captures the key characteristics of an industry to predict
the long-term profitability prospects and to determine the practices of the most
significant competitors is called:
a. Organizational analysis
b. Competitive Analysis
c. Systems analysis
d. Solutions design
122) An analysis model that specifies complex business rules or logic concisely in an
easy-to-read tabular format, specifying all of the possible conditions and actions that
need to be accounted for in business rules is called:
a. Operative rules
b. Decision Tables
c. Solution model
d. Alternative assessment model
123) Which of the below does Enterprise Architecture comprise of?
a. Organizations business processes
b. IT software and hardware
c. People
d. Operations and projects
124) You prepare a set of user stories, requirements and features. These have been
identified as candidates for potential implementation, prioritized, and estimated. This is
called:
a. Product backlog
b. Use cases
c. Business requirements
d. Functional requirements
125) Which of the below does benchmarking require of the business analyst?
a. Identify the area to be studied and identify organizations that are leaders in the sector
b. Conduct a survey of selected organizations to understand their practices
c. Arrange for visits to best-in-class organizations
d. Develop a project proposal to implement the best practices
126) Which of the below are commonly used financial valuation techniques?
a. Discounted Cash Flow
b. Net Present Value
c. Internal Rate of Return
d. Average Rate of Return
127) Which of the below are commonly used financial valuation techniques?
a. Internal Rate of Return
b. Average Rate of Return
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security
135) The reporting system shall provide 90% of responses in no more than 2 seconds.
This is a non-functional requirement belonging to which of the below categories?
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security
136) The reporting system shall be up 99.99% of time. This is a non-functional
requirement belonging to which of the below categories?
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security
137) Ninety percent of operators shall be able to use all the functionality of the system
after no more than six hours of training. This is a non-functional requirement belonging
to which of the below categories?
a. Reliability
b. Performance Efficiency
c. Operability
d. Security
138) Which of the below are process improvement methods?
a. Value stream mapping
b. Statistical analysis and control
c. Process simulation
d. Benchmarking
139) You would like to change processes to improve them. Which of the below can you
do?
a. Analysis of a process to identify and remove activities that do not add value to a
stakeholder, where possible
b. Reduction of the time required to complete a process (by reducing the time to perform
a task or the wait time between tasks)
c. Improving interfaces or handoffs between roles and organizational units to remove
errors
d. Reduction or elimination of bottlenecks and backlogs
140) Your organization knows there is a risk in implementing a solution as a response to
a competitors action. It still wants to proceed. Your organization is:
a. Risk averse
b. Risk neutral
c. Risk seeking
d. None of the above
Questions 141-160
141) Which of the below are part of the seven basic quality tools (7QC)?
A. Fishbone diagrams
B. Flowcharts
C. Pareto diagrams
D. Checklists
1.A
2. A, B
3. A, B, C
4. A, B, C, D
142) A state diagram is also known as:
a. State Machine Diagram
b. State Transition Diagram
c. Entity Life Cycle Diagram
d. SWOT diagram
143) Which of the below is not true of a state diagram?
a. It shows how the behavior of a concept, entity or object changes in response to
events
b. It specifies a sequence of states that an object goes through during its lifetime, and
defines which events cause a transition between those states
c. It shows strengths and weaknesses of the process
d. It is used to model the logic of usage scenarios, by showing the information passed
between objects in the system through the execution
of the scenario
144) You are assessing a vendor based on his knowledge and expertise. Which of the
below can you also use?
a. Product Reputation and Market Position
b. Terms and conditions
c. Vendor Experience and Reputation
d. Vendor Stability
145) Which of the below can lead to poor software cost estimation?
a. Frequent requirements changes
b. Missing requirements
c. Insufficient communication with users
d. Insufficient requirements analysis
146) You have learnt that some of the assumptions you made in the project are wrong.
Which of the below can you do to achieve the objectives?
a. Change scope
b. Adjust the schedule
c. Launch other projects
d. Proceed with the initial assumptions
147) Which of the following is not true?
a. When resolving conflicts between requirements from different user classes or making
priority decisions, favored user classes receive preferential treatment
b. Disfavored user classes are groups who arent supposed to use the product for legal,
security, or safety reasons
c. You might build in features to deliberately make it hard for disfavored users to do
things they arent supposed to do
d. Favored user classes and disfavored user classes should be treated the same when
resolving conflicts between requirements from them
148) Which of the following is true about product champions?
a. They are a few key members of the user community that provide the requirements for
the project
b. Each product champion serves as the primary interface between members of a single
stakeholders
c. Communicate business objectives to other stakeholders to achieve alignment
d. Convene focus groups
156) The requirements for your project are incomplete and insufficiently detailed.
Construction begins before the requirements for a development iteration or enhancement
cycle are sufficiently understood. Which of the below are possible root causes?
a. Inadequate user involvement in requirements development
b. Insufficient time spent on requirements development
c. Release date set before requirements are understood
d. Key marketing or business stakeholders are not engaged in the requirements process
157) More requirements are planned than can be implemented with available time and
resources. Which of the below are possible root causes?
a. Schedule is set before requirements are defined
b. Project is committed to before scope is accurately assessed
c. Insufficient staff is allocated to project
d. Stakeholders are afraid they will have only one release opportunity
158) Scope is undocumented or poorly defined and releases are poorly planned. Which
of the below are possible root causes?
a. Haste to begin construction
b. Lack of understanding of the importance of scope definition
c. Lack of agreement on scope among stakeholders
d. Volatile market or rapidly changing business needs
159) Scope is undocumented or poorly defined and releases are poorly planned. Which
are the possible solutions?
a. Dont begin a project without clear business objectives
b. Write a vision and scope document and obtain buy-in from key stakeholders
c. Postpone or cancel the project if sponsorship and scope definition are not achieved
d. Use shorter development iterations to adapt to rapidly changing requirements
160) Requirements questions and issues are not resolved for your project. Which are
possible root causes?
a. Lack of coordination of questions and issues that arise about requirements
b. Responsibilities for resolving issues are not clear
c. No one is responsible for tracking issues and their status
d. Team is unable to obtain necessary information from a vendor, client, contractor,
Questions 161-180
161) Requirements questions and issues are not resolved for your project. Which of the
below
are
possible
solutions?
a.
Assign
each
open
issue
to
an
individual
for
resolution
b. Use an issue-tracking tool for tracking requirements issues to closure
c.
Monitor
open
issues
as
part
of
project
tracking
d. Obtain commitment from all stakeholders early on for open and timely information
exchange
and
for
answering
questions
and
resolving
issues
162) Your project participants dont share the same vocabulary. Which of the below are
possible
solutions?
a.
Define
terms
in
a
glossary.
b.
Define
data
structures
and
elements
in
a
data
dictionary.
c.
Train
development
team
in
the
business
domain.
d.
Train
user
representatives
in
requirements
engineering
163) You notice that there is ambiguity in how different users understand the
requirements. Which of the below can help clear ambiguities in requirements?
a.
Writing
tests
against
the
requirements
b.
Building
prototypes
c.
Collaborative
elicitation
d.
Collaborative
validation
164) You have prepared a set of requirements that has been reviewed and agreed upon
and
serves
as
the
basis
for
further
development.
This
is
called:
a.
Requirement
baseline
b.
Initial
scope
c.
Preliminary
requirements
d.
Project
scope
165) You have decided to implement a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system. You
want to develop additional functionality with custom code to enhance the packages
capabilities to close needs gaps. Which of the below is the type of COTS implementation
you
are
implementing?
a.
Out-of-the-box
b.
Configured
c.
Integrated
d.
Extended
166) Requirements management tools are underutilized in your organization. Which of
the
below
could
be
root
causes?
a.
Inadequate
training
in
tool
capabilities
b. Processes and culture havent been modified to take full advantage of tools
c.
No
one
is
responsible
for
leading
the
use
of
the
tool
d. Amount of time needed to configure, learn how to use, and employ the tool is
underestimated
167) More requirements are planned than can be implemented with available time and
resources.
Which
of
the
below
are
possible
solutions?
a.
Prioritize
requirements
based
on
business
objectives
b. Plan for multiple delivery cycles to accommodate lower-priority requirements
c. Document vision and scope, aligned with business objectives, before making
commitments
d.
Timebox
the
development
or
deliver
product
features
incrementally
168) The team cant get customer representatives to participate in elicitation. Which of
the
below
could
be
root
causes?
a. Customer representatives dont have time to participate in requirements development
b.
Customers
dont
understand
the
need
to
participate
c.
Customers
dont
know
what
BAs
need
from
them
d.
Customers
arent
committed
to
the
project
169) The team cant get customer representatives to participate in elicitation. Which of
the
below
could
be
possible
solutions?
a. Educate customers and managers about requirements and the need for their
participation
b. Describe the risks from insufficient user involvement to customers and managers
c.
Identify
a
product
champion
for
each
user
class
d. Obtain customer management commitment to an effective requirements process
170) Wrong user representatives are involved in requirement elicitation. Which of the
below
could
be
possible
solutions?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Define
user
classes
Identify
and
empower
appropriate
and
effective
product
champions
Develop
user
personas
as
stand-ins
for
real
users
Decline requirement requests from unauthorized or inappropriate sources
171) Users are unsure about their needs. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a. Compile a list of generic questions as a starting point for elicitation activities
b.
Develop
use
cases
or
user
stories
c.
Build
prototypes
and
have
users
evaluate
them
d. Use incremental development to clarify requirements a bit at a time
172) Users are unsure about their needs. Which of the below could be root causes?
a. Users dont understand or cant describe their business process well
b. System is being built to support a new, incompletely defined business process
c. Users arent committed to the project, perhaps are threatened by it
d.
Business
objectives
are
not
well
defined
or
communicated
173) Too many people are involved in requirements elicitation. Which of the below could
be
root
causes?
a.
Everyone
wants
to
be
represented
for
political
reasons
b.
User
classes
arent
clearly
defined
c.
Lack
of
delegation
to
specific
user
representatives
d.
There
really
are
a
lot
of
different
user
classes
174) Too many people are involved in requirements elicitation. Which of the below could
be
possible
solutions?
a.
Define
user
classes
b.
Identify
product
champions
or
product
owners
c.
Identify
requirements
decision
makers
d.
Focus
on
the
needs
of
favored
user
classes
175) Implemented requirements dont meet user needs. Which of the below could be
possible
solutions?
a. Ask why several times to understand the real user needs behind the presented
requirements
and
the
rationale
behind
design
constraints.
b. Understand user requirements before addressing user interface specifics.
c. Develop skilled BAs who can ask the right questions and elicit true needs.
d.
Educate
customers
about
requirements
development.
176) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be root causes?
a.
Users
dont
know
what
they
need
b.
BA
didnt
ask
the
right
questions
c.
Insufficient
time
was
provided
for
elicitation
d.
Some
user
classes
arent
represented
177) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be
a. Appropriate, knowledgeable user representatives did not participate
b.
Elicitation
participants
make
incorrect
c.
Insufficient
communication
between
developers
and
d.
Users
dont
express
their
implicit
and
assumed
root causes?
in elicitation
assumptions
customers
requirements
178) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a.
Develop
skilled
BAs
who
can
ask
the
right
questions
b.
Elicit
use
cases
or
user
stories
c.
Use
multiple
elicitation
techniques
d. Represent requirements in multiple ways, emphasizing visual models, to look for gaps
179) Needed requirements are missed. Which of the below could be possible solutions?
a.
Conduct
requirements
reviews.
Use
multiple,
incremental
reviews
b.
Build
prototypes
and
have
users
evaluate
them
c. Build the product incrementally and incorporate new requirements in later iterations
d. Create and use a requirements traceability matrix to find missing requirements
180) Requirements specified are incorrect or inappropriate. Which of the below could be
possible
solutions?
a. Determine what was wrong with the flawed requirements and why they were specified
b.
Define
user
classes
c. Identify appropriate product champions, educate them, and empower them
d. Have a multifunctional team review requirements
Questions 181-201
181) Requirements specified are incorrect or inappropriate. Which of the below could be
root causes?
a. The wrong user representatives or inappropriate surrogates are involved
b. User representatives speak for themselves, not for those they represent
c. Managers do not provide access to user representatives
d. Business requirements are not clearly established
182) All requirements seem to be equally important. Which of the below could be root
causes?
a. Fear that low-priority requirements will never be implemented.
b. Insufficient or evolving knowledge about the business and its needs.
c. The product isnt usable unless a large, critical set of functionality is implemented.
d. Unreasonable customer or developer expectations
183) There are conflicting requirements priorities among stakeholders. Which of the
below could be root causes?
a. Different user classes have conflicting needs
b. Lack of focus on the original product vision, or the vision evolves during the project
c. Unclear business objectives, or lack of agreement on business objectives
d. Changing business objectives
184) There are conflicting requirements priorities among stakeholders. Which of the
below could be possible solutions?
a. Perform sufficient market research
b. Establish and communicate business objectives
c. Base priorities on vision, scope, and business objectives
d. Identify favored user classes or market segments
185) Rapid descoping late in the project could be resolved by:
a. Define priorities early on.
b. Use priorities to guide decisions about what to work on now and what to defer.
c. Reprioritize when new requirements are incorporated.
d. Adjust scope periodically, not just late in the project
186) Developers find requirements vague and ambiguous. They have to track down
missing information and they misunderstand requirements and have to rework their
implementations. This can possibly be avoided by:
a. Train BAs in writing good requirements.
b. Avoid using subjective, ambiguous words in requirements specifications.
c. Have developers and customers review requirements early for clarity and appropriate
detail.
194) Some planned requirements were not implemented. The possible solutions could
be:
a. Keep requirements current and make them available to the whole team.
b. Make sure the change control process includes communication to stakeholders.
c. Store requirements in a requirements management tool.
d. Track the status of individual requirements
195) Requirements move in and out of scope. The possible solutions could be:
a. Clearly define the business objectives, vision, and scope.
b. Use the scope statement to decide whether proposed requirements are in or out of
scope.
c. Record the rationale for rejecting a proposed requirement.
d. Ensure that the change control board has the appropriate members and a shared
understanding of project scope.
196) Requirements move in and out of scope. The possible root causes are:
a. Vision and scope are not clearly defined.
b. Business objectives are not clearly understood and communicated.
c. Scope is volatile, perhaps in response to changing market demands.
d. Requirements priorities are poorly defined.
197) People dont know the scope or understand scope changes. The possible root
causes are:
a. Requirements changes arent communicated to all affected stakeholders.
b. Requirements specifications arent updated when requirements change.
c. Customers request changes directly from developers.
d. Not everyone has ready access to the requirements documentation.
198) People dont know the scope or understand scope changes. The possible solutions
are:
a. Define an owner for each requirement.
b. Define trace links between requirements and other artifacts.
c. Include all affected areas in requirements communications.
d. Establish a change control process that includes the communication mechanisms.
199) Requirements changes take much more effort than planned. The possible root
causes are:
a. Insufficient impact analysis of proposed requirements changes.
b. Developers underestimate the impact of requirements changes.
c. Team members are afraid to be honest about the impact of proposed changes.
d. Change requests do not provide enough information to permit good impact analysis.
200) Stakeholders bypass the change control process and customers request changes
directly from developers. Possible root causes are:
a. Change control process isnt practical and effective.
b. Change control board is ineffective.
c. Stakeholders dont understand or accept the change control process.
d. Management doesnt require that the change control process be followed
201) Stakeholders bypass the change control process and customers request changes
directly from developers. Possible solutions are:
a. Ensure that the change control process is pragmatic, effective, efficient, and
accessible to all stakeholders.
b. Make the change control process flexible in how it handles small versus large changes.
c. Establish and charter an appropriate change control board.
d. Enlist management to commit to and champion the change control process
Answer Key
1a
2 None of the above
3 All of the above
4d
5a
6a
7a
8b
9c
10 d
11 All of the above
12 a
13 b
14 All of the above
15 d
16 All of the above
17 c
18 a
19 a
20 c
21 b
22 a
23 c
24 b
25 b
26 b
27 i
28 c
29 b
30 d
31 b
32 d
33 b
34 b
35 b
36 a
37 c
38 b
39 a
40 c
41 c
42 b
43 d
44 a
45 d
46 b
47 a
48 d
49 a
50 b
51 d
52 All of the above
53 a
54 b
55 b
56 a
57 b
58 c
59 d
60 a, b, c
61 b
62 a, b, c, d
63 d
64 a
65 b
66 a
67 All of the above
68 All of the above
69 All of the above
70 d
71 All of the above
72 a, c, d
73 b
74 All of the above
75 d
76 b
77 All of the above
78 All of the above
79 a, d
80 a, b, c
81 a, b, c
82 a, b, d
83 a
84 a
85 c
86 All of the above
87 a, b, c
88 a
89 d
90 All of the above
91 All of the above
92 All of the above
93 a, b, d
94 a, b
95 All of the above
96 a, b, c
97 d
98 c
99 a
100 All of the above
101 b
102 All of the above
103 b
104 c
105 d
106 a,d
107 a, b, c
108 c
109 All of the above
110 b, c, d
111 All of the above
112 All of the above
113 a
114 a
115 b
116 d
117 d
118 All of the above
119 All of the above
120 All of the above
121 b
122 b
123 All of the above
124 a
125 All of the above
126 All of the above
127 All of the above
128 All of the above
129 All of the above
130 a
131 b
132 a, d
133 a
134 All of the above
135 b
136 a
137 c
138 All of the above
139 All of the above
140 c