NEWS LETTER OF
ARMARC
APRIL -2010
Editorial
Dietary style and habit leave a big impact on the health
of the human beings. The reason is quite obvious why
Ayurveda and other system of medicine emphasize upon
the diet and its style for maintaining the health. More
conscious people worldwide today look for dietary food
in wake of awareness from diabetes, cholesterol etc.
Resistant starch is one among them. Resistant starch is
a carbohydrate source that requires special
consideration. Historically starch has been thought to
be 100% digested to glucose in the small intestine.
Research over the last few decades has found that a
significant portion (about 10%) is not digested in the
small intestine and passes into the large intestine where
it is a substrate for bacterial fermentation. This starch is
called resistant starch (RS) and many nutritionists think
that it should be classified as a component of dietary
fibre.
Carbohydrates are rapidly digested and absorbed as
glucose into the body through the small intestine and
subsequently used for short-term energy needs or
stored. But resistant starch resists the digestion and
passes through to the large intestine where it acts like
dietary fiber. It is categorized in four types as:
1. RS 1: This is physically inaccessible or digestible
resistant starch e.g., seeds, legumes, whole
grains etc.
2. RS 2: These are granular starch e.g., green flour
banana, amylase corn etc.
3. RS 3: These are result cooling of certain starch
containing foods after cooking e.g., cornflakes,
bread etc.
4. RS 4: They are chemically modified starches to
resist the digestion
It withstands breakdown by digestive enzymes and thus
Vol 1.94
is digested and absorbed at a slow and sustained rate.
This results in a coinciding low postprandial blood
glucose peak and a continued slow release of glucose
into the bloodstream for several hours. Consequently,
resistant starch, either in the form of uncooked
cornstarch or produced through food processing, is a
key functional feature of diabetes bars and beverages.
Other benefits include a lowering of insulin response
and improvement in insulin efficiency in the postprandial
phase, an improvement in lipid metabolism as evidenced
by lower LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and
improvements in fibrinolytic capacity. Because products
that contain resistant starch, especially uncooked
cornstarch, lead to a slow release of glucose into the
blood-stream, they may help prevent hypoglycemia
when incorporated into a night-time snack or consumed
as a pre-exercise carbohydrate source.
Resistant starch is widely used at present in weight
management, energy management, glycemic
management etc. Other than these whether carry
medicinal properties? If can be used as new carrier of
drugs for specific drug delivery system? Similarly many
questions can be easily answered with lot research
works.
In This Issue
1) HYPOTHYROIDISM
2) AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO
CHRONIC DISORDERS
3) Formulation Profile (Series-A/15)
SMIHANADA GUGGULU
4) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/16)
JYOTISHMATI
 Newsletter of ARMARC 2 APRIL -2010
HYPOTHYROIDISM Š Cold intolerance
Dr.Mahantesh. H (Final Year M.D) Š Hoarseness
Guide: Debhegita Bhatachary M.D(Ay) Š Tiredness
H.O.D Dept of Kayachikitsa Cardiovascular system:
A.L.N.Rao Memorial ayurvedic Medical College Koppa Š Bradycardia
Š Hypertension
INTRODUCTION: Š Pericardial effusion
• Due to the modernization and impact of western culture, G.I.System:
the dietary habits and the lifestyle of individuals have Š Constipation
changed absolutely. Hematology:
• The advancement of science and technology has added Š Anemia
to comforts of our day-to-day majority of people are Dermatology:
having irregular food habits with sedentary and Š Dry, Scaly skin
strenuous life style. Š Alopecia
• This results in precipitation of various metabolic Š Non pitting edema
disorders. Reproductive system:
• Hypothyroidism is one such disorder, the clinical Š oligomenorrhea
condition resulting from decreased level of thyroxine Š Ammenorrhea
and tri-iodothyroxine by the thyroid gland irrespective Š Galactorrhoea
of the cause. Š Infertility
HYPOTHYROIDISM: Neuro muscular system:
The Thyroid gland secretes hormone so called Thyroxine Š Myalgia
which plays important role in carrying out the normal Š Slow relaxing reflexes
functioning of the body. any variation in the secretion of Š Mental retardation
this hormone will result in to pathological conditions like Š Cerebral Ataxia
hyperthyroidism or HYPOTHYROIDISM. INVESTIGATIONS
Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disorder due to lack/
SPECIFIC ABNORMALITIES
decreased secretion of Thyroxine. It affects the female
TSH : 0.4 – 5.0 mU/L
gender more than male.
T4 : 64 – 154 mmol/L
AETIOLOGY:
T3 : 1.1 – 2.9 mmol/L
PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Other non specific abnormalities
IODINE DEFICIENCY
AUTO-IMMUNE Anemia Normo-cytic Norm-ochromic
IATROGENIC Raised Cholesterol & triglycerides
CONGENITAL ECG Shows SINUS BRADYCARDIA
DRUG INDUCED
SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM DIFF.DIAGNOSIS
• HYPO-PITUITARISM HYPOTHYROIDISM
• HYPO-THALAMIC DISEASES CUSHING SYNDROME
MANIFESTATIONS OF HYPOTHYROIDISM PCOD
General symptoms: (Wt. gain with poor appetite, HTN, edema over face,
Š Goitre menstrual irregularities, increased cholesterol, anaemia,
Š Weight gain with poor appetite loss of scalp hair.)
 Newsletter of ARMARC 3 APRIL -2010

AYURVEDIC VIEW OF HYPOTHYROIDISM MANAGEMENT:

‘Hypothyroidism’ in terms of ‘Agnimandhya’ at systemic THYROXINE SUPPLEMENTS
& cellular levels(dhatvagni-mandya), which can be DOSE : 50 micro-gram(3 weeks)
understood as decreased caloric expenditure (HYPO- 100 micro-gram(3 weeks)
METABOLISM) in modern terminology 150 micro-gram(max)
In thyroid hormone, we have a striking parallel SCOPE FOR AYUR TREATMENT:
to the functioning of the kayagni in the dhatus. The Unsatisfactory results in the modern medicine.
hormone exercises profound influence on tissue - lifelong hormonal therapy
metabolism, all over the body which is similar to Dhatvagni - side effects
Acharya vagbhatta quotes 2 points As described earlier that the main factor responsible for
1. Pachakagni located between amasaya & pakavasaya, the manifestations of Hypothyroidism is the Agnimandya
contributes parts of itself to the dhatus. hence drugs acting on ‘Agni’ having properties-
2. The moieties of pachakagni present in the dhatus, when Deepana Pachana Srotoshodhaka
hyper active, leads to their wasting & if hypo active, to Medohara Lekhana Karshana Pradhana
their hypertrophy. are likely to check the basic pathogenesis of
SIMILE TO FOREST FIRE & FUEL: Hypothyroidism. Simulataneous use of “NAIMAITTIKA
These points may, perhaps, be illustrated advantageously RASAYANA” may also help in this condition.
with the examples of the Hyper & Hypo – metabolism GENERAL MEASURES:
associated with the Hyper & hypo – functioning of thyroid To increase the Pitta Dosha
gland To decrease the aggravated Kapha Dosha
CORELATION OF AGNI WITH THYROID To eliminate Ama Dosha
HYPERTHYROIDI ATYAGNI AYURVEDIC TREATMENT PRINCIPLES:
Heat intolerance Daha Snehana - Application of Katutumbi Taila
Weight loss Dourbalya Swedana - Done with Rasnadi Kwatha.
Thirst, excessive sweating Trishna, Ati-sweda Vamana -
Fatigue Glani Vasti - Niruha Vasti
Nervous disorder
Nasya - Ksheerabala Taila
Irritability Atanka
Thyroid Basti - Katutumbi Taila
Local Lepa - Jala Kumbhi Lepa.
CORELATION OF AGNI WITH THYROID
SINGLE DRUG THERAPY
HYPOTHYROIDISM MANDAGNI
Kaanchanara
Anorexia Aruchi
Jatamamsi
Alopecia Shiro Roga
Guggulu
Hoarseness of voice
Brahmi
Weight gain Udar-roga
Varuna
Goitre
Jala kumbhi
Galaganda
OTHER YOGAS
Myalgia Gatrasada
Swarna malini vasant rasa
Varunadi louha
Gandamala khandana rasa
 Newsletter of ARMARC 4 APRIL -2010
Tryushadi louha BRAHMI
Arogyavardhini vati 1. Nerve – tonic
Kaanchanara guggulu 2. Anti – Anxiety
Punarnavadi guggulu 3. Anti – microbial
Panchakola churna GUGGULU
Trikatu churna 1. Shothagna
Guduchi satwa. 2. Medo–hara (Obesity due to HT)
Kanchanaradi Kwatha PUNNARNAVA
Dashamularishta 1. Anti-inflammation
Dashmuladi Kwatha 2.enzyme activity
Lohasava CONCLUSION
Amrutadi Taila Samagni – dhatu poshan
Rasayana Therapy Mandagni – dhatu vrudhi
Rasayana therapy is recommended for complete Teeksnagni – dhatu kshaya
remission of disease and prevention of relapse. The endocrine disorders like
It builds up Ojas, which decreases in hypothyroidism. HYPOTHYROIDISM may be correlated with
Pippali Vardhamana rasayana AGNIMANDHYA at Dhatvagni level.
Shilajatu rasayana The metabolic disorder hypothyroidism can be
Hareetaki rasayana managed effectively on Ayurvedic principles without any
Triphala rasayana side effects.
YOGA AND PRANAYAMA Flow chart
• Thyroid gland relates to the function of C5 or
Vishuddha Chakra (Chakra relating to Self
Expression)
• Vishuddha Chakra vitiate Udana Vayu, hence
decreased flow result in hypo activity of the
thyroid.
• “Ham” (pronounced as hhhum) beeja mantra
ASANAS
• Sarvanga asana
• Matsyasana
• Surya namaskara
• Halasana
• Suptavajrasana
RESEARCH ORIENTED
KANACHANAR
1. Anti – goitrogenic = on rats.
2. Anti – microbial
3. Shotagna.
 Newsletter of ARMARC
AYURVEDIC APPROACH TO CHRONIC
DISORDERS
Dr.Somit Kumar First year P.G
A.L.N.R Memorial Ayurvedic Medical College Koppa
Dr. K.P. Murlidharan
Here we are making a generalization of the state
of chronicity of diseases. First, let us examine this state
in the view of Ayurveda.
Due to external and internal causes dosas acquire
the state of caya. Added with heat or cold they aggrevate
and spread. To make a disease the aggrevated dosa
(Kupita dosa) has to do stanasams’raya (ie., to affect
the dhatu). In fact dosa as prakrti constitutes dhatu
(dosa mayo hi dehah) Dravya, Guna and Karma
remain in Samavaya (inseparable) The subtle or latent
karma (function) is the absolute constituent of the latent
Guna (Property), that Guna is the absolute constituent
of the Dravya (Matter). So Dravya reflects Guna,
Guna gets interpreted by experience or gets extended
in time and space into Karma. Where rasa dhatu is the
dravya, sitasnigdhadi is the Guna and
sthiratvasnigdhatwadi is the Karma which in its basical
course is termed Kapha. Thus when we say dosa does
sthanasams’raya what is actually happening is that, now
there is a difference in the nature of the Guna reflected
by the dhatu and in the karma, constituted by the Guna.
Previously in Prakrtavastha there was satmyam among
the trio. Now there is asatmyam. This is the rogavastha.
Disease is not a still state. It is functional. It is a
“Prakriyavisesa parampara” unusually happening in the
body due to want of satmya. When we say the vitiated
dosas affect dhatus, we can simultaneously see that the
affected dhatus reflect the vitiated dosas. Dosadusya
sammurchana, due to asatmya, naturally triggers the
samprapti which develops the vegas of the disease into
complete and continuing roga pravrtti. By simple logic
and by plain experience we can assume that the effect of
roga pravrtti promotes the causatives. That is why the
disease which functions through vegas is a prakriya
parampara. This is cyclic and so it gets established. If
factors hostile to health and supportive to the causatives
of the disease are predominant the disease continues and
becomes chronic.
5 APRIL-2010
It is clear that the samprapti (the functional
state of existence of the disease in the structure of the
body) which is triggered by the asatmya rogavastu is an
acquired cyclic course of unusual functions in the dhatus.
Here specific dhatus are involved in specific diseases, as
dosas’raya according to specific dosa combination of
the rogavastu. While disease continues and dhatus
become weak the said samprapti gets established and
when it is deep rooted it continues even after the removal
of the causative factor due to asatmya and subsequent
irritability by which the samprapti was being triggered
and cyclically maintained. Now the disease turns into
chronicity. This state is generally vatapitta or pitta vata
and manda kapha or praksina kapha. Further
continuation of the disease results in damage of structure
causing “Samkocasphutanadi”. In the above
explanations three things are significant (1) Asatmya
triggering samprapti - Roga pravrtti promoting the
causative - Roga cyclic samprapti. (2) The acquired
samprapti getting rooted and functions by itself when the
dhatu becomes weak and (3) Deterioration and
degeneration of the dhatu.
The dosa order of kapha - pitta - vata, from
tarunavastha to jirnavastha is common for all diseases.
Whatever be the nature of different diseases they
commonly express Snigdhata, Mandata, Vibandha,
Gaurava etc in the beginning, inflammative tendency,
bhrama etc in the middle and weakness and deterioration
in the end. Even the fact that the samhitas explain diseases
starting with jvara, ending with vata and vatarakta and
then explain mental diseases in Uttaratantra is not
accidental. Jawara is inevitably the first disease and all
other diseases are its progression into sopha and its natural
physical consequences are vata roga, then vatarakta and
the next typical further possibility in the sequence is mental
disease.
Let us examine this principle of sequential
progression of the disease which can be termed “ sopha
siddhanta”. In olden times the legendary Ayurvedic
physicians in Kerala used to refer all diseases by the term
“nirirakkam” (sopha, ie., inflammation) and used to
instantly formulate precise treatments for specific
Newsletter of ARMARC
conditions of individuals deeply and minutely
discriminating guna karma combinations. Charaka
named a chapter “ Trisophiyam” and explained that all
dhatus are involved in sopha and all diseases are sopha.
It is also significant that the verse “Vikaranamakus’alo
na jihriyat kadacana / Nahi sarva vikaranam
namatosti dhruva sthitih” happens to be a part of this
explanation. The chapter in susruta samhita in which
the basic principles of dosa and their common
pathological trait are explained is named “
Vranapras’na” (Question of ulceration). Vrana is the
last stage of sopha. Jwara the first disease progresses
into sopha. The amasopha turns into pacyamana sopha
then to pakvasopha and ends in vrana in the
bhedavastha. “Vrana gatravicurnane” (Disintegration of
the body structure). This sopha siddhanta is common
to all diseases, not only to those where grathita sopha is
visible but also to all diseases as the concept of jwara
and sopha (inflammation) are common basis for all
diseases. Vrana is seen in bhedavastha in some diseases
like vidradhi, visarpa etc. In others the same
bhedavastha is their chronic stage. “Atah urdhavam
ethesam avadirnanam vranabhavamapannanam sastha
kriya kalah; jvaratisara prabhrtinam ca
dirghakalanubandhah”. Thus the nature of chronic state
of jvaratisaradi is the same with that of avadirnata and
vranabhava of vidradhi visarpa prabhrti.
Now let us have a consolidated view of
sophasiddhanata in terms of gunakarmas. “Paramarse
prapancasya cinmatramavasisyate tadevatmeti
samproktah sarvagama visaradaih”. From birth to death
a man is doing or experiencing one thing only. It is “to
know”. Knowing physical things is through properties.
Properties are innumerable. But all of them are products
in permutations and combinations of the five objects of
pancendriyas. Thus the innumerable properties are
comprehensible. In their maximum consolidation they
are usna and sita. Their combinations with the immediate
next two properties give four pairs. Sita - ruksa, usna -
snigdha, sita - snigdha and usna - ruksa. The first three
are vata, pitta, kapha and the fourth jvara, the adiroga
and ekaroga.
The healthy srotas is sita snigdha (ie., strong) and
6 APRIL-2010
at the same time agneya (ie., pure). That is why kapha
prakrti is considered to be uttama; ghee and gold are
considered to be ajanma satmya. Also, the vedas said
“apa eva sasrk jatah”. Without getting into kopavastha,
dosa cannot make disease. “Kopastu unmarga gamita”.
Kopa is not Karma.
It is an avastha. “Kinuodakapista samavaya iva
udrikta”. This vidaha is kopa, because this is basically
asatmya to “sitasnigdha - agneya” context. The most
basical viryas are usna and sita. Sita cannot induce kopa
in sita snigdha due to skannatva. So, usna has to be the
first causative. When usna is introduced to a healthy srotas,
snigdhata turns hot from cold, and becomes unstable.
Thus abhisyanda happens due to vidaha. This is the same
with kopavastha and sophanidana. By losing snigdhata
the srotas becomes usnaruksa. Now there is jvara and
the health fails in its resistance. “ruksam hi tejo jvarakrt”.
Further progression is sopha (inflammation). Its
taratamayoga is ananta. We can not number diseases.
But the common course is sopha. So its consequences
or the nature of chronicity of diseases is imaginable.
If usna is continued to be introduced on usna
ruksa srotas, it fails to accept or keep up pure snigdhata
in samhatavastha and sopha (inflamation) happens. “Amla
madhura kasayan rasan, tiksnosa ruksamsca gunan
svayathu jananam; tadagneyam vayavyam. When the
rejection of suddha snigdhata continues, it comes to a
limit where agninasa happens. Basically agni is held or
carried in jala (apa eva sasrk jatah). Due to agninasa the
srotas which is already ruksa becomes sitaruksa. Now
this condition is vatika. According to specific situations in
diseases this condition can become (as stated before)
vatapitta or pittavata with mandakapha or praksinakapha
and it is the chronic state. In further progression rakta
gets affected as in abhighata and gets involved in the form
of avarana with vata, creating vatarakta situation and
disintegration happens (vrana gatrevicurnane).
Inflammation, weakness, disintegration, raktadusti and
vata-rakta avarana completes the physical progression
of sopha. But the physical can never end in itself or remain
independent. So the next step is mind getting affected as
mind is the constituent of vayu through akasa. “Unmado
vata vyadhi visesah”. Raktadusti is generally involved in
mental diseases.
 Newsletter of ARMARC 7 APRIL-2010
Formulation Profile (Series-A/15) Herbal Drug Profile (Series-A/16)
SMIHANADA GUGGULU Jyotishmati
Prof: D.K.Mishra M.D (Ay) 1. Prof. M.Vidyasagar 2. Prof. K.S.Sanjay
Dr.Mahesh.M.Madaalageri Nagaraja R. 3. Dr. Hari Venkatesh 4. Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha

(Ref- (Bhaishjya Ratnavali Amavatadikar: 130-135)

Ingredients:
Haritaki 48 g
Bibhataka 48 g
Amalaka 48 g
Botanical name: Celastrus paniculatus Willd
Water for decoction 576 ml
Macroscopic: Ovoid, ellipsoidal, somewhat three
Reduced to 144 ml
sided, 4-6 mm in length and 2-4 mm in width, the dor-
Saugandhika (gandhaka)-Suddha 48 g
sal surface being convex while the ventral surfaces
Sudha Guggulu 48 g
show a centrally running faint lingitudinal ridge in be-
Eranda tail 192 g
tween two lateral flat faces, apical end is minutely el-
Special Method of Preparation:
evated, indicating the position of hilum and micropyle;
Kashaya of drugs 1 to 3 is prepared in an iron
surface is reticulately ribbed and scaly, at places shows
vessel, Eranda Taila is added to the Kashaya and boiled.
orange colored thread like adherent fragments of the
When the liquid is concentrated Gandhaka and guggulu
arillus, the intact arillus being thin, papery and crusty
are added and mixed well
which stain fingers and leaves a translucent orange mark
on paper; odour is characteristic and taste is slightly
Dose: 3 g
bitter.
Anupana: Warm Water
Microscopic: The diagrammatic TS, LS and RLS are
Important Therapeutic Uses:
as shown in Fig.1- a, b and c.
Khanja (Limping), Pandu (Anaemia), Amavata
Detailed TS shows a layer of epidermis of the
(Rheumatism), Vatarakta (Gout), Kustha (Diseases of
arillus covered with cuticle and occasional adherent
skin), Vataroga (Disease due to Vata dosa), apharoga
fragments of loosely arranged parenchymatous cells
(Disease due toKapha dosa), Pitta Roga (Disease ue
of the pericarp; 4-6 rows of parenchymatous mesophyll
to Pitta dosa), Pangu (Paraplegia), swasa (Dyspnoea/
tissue underneath the epidermis of the arillus is
Asthma), Kasa (Cough), Gulma (Abdominal lump),
embedded with yellowish brown pigment and
shula(Colicky Pain), Udara (Diseases of abdomen /
fibrovascular bundle under the ridge, rows of prismatic
enlargement of abdomen), Jara (Senility/Progeriasis),
crystals of calcium oxalate are located in the innermost
Palita (Graying of hair), Agnimandya (Digestive
layer of the mesocarp; a layer of tangentially running
impairment)
cells of testa lies underneath this followed by a
compactly arranged radially elongated thick walled
Chemical Analysis:
lignified cells; a row parenchymatous cells embedded
Ash - 3.4 % w/w
with prismatic crystal of calcium oxalate lies under this,
Acid in soluble 0.86 % w/w
followed by obliterated parenchyma cells; endosperm
Resin Content 8.9 % w/w
is wide and filled with oil and aleurone grains. (Fig. 2)
Newsletter of ARMARC
Powder: Brownish-white in color having yellowish touch,
bitter taste and unpleasant odour; shows fragments of
seed coat in surface view; transversely cut fragment of
outer seed coat with underlying layer of cells containing
prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate; groups of variously
thickened sclereids, may or may not adhered with
parenchymatous cells; spiral vessels, long fibres of
narrow lumen from the skin of seed; endosperm cells,
some of them having peculiar three sided more
thickening; cells of cotyledons, starch grains, prismatic
and rosette crystals of calcium oxalate, aleurone grains
and fixed oil globules
Chemical constituents: Fixed oil (52%)- palmitic 31.2,
stearic 3.5, oleic 22.5, linoleic 15.7 and linolenic 22.2;
Alkaloids- celapagine, celapanigine, celapanine; Others-
malkagunin, celastrine, paniculatadiol, bitter resin etc.
Uses: Emetic, diaphoretic, nervine tonic used to sharpen
the memory, used in sores, ulcers, rheumatism etc.
New Reseacrhes In Medical Science
A recent study found that sirolimus-based
immunosuppression following liver transplantation in
patients with non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma
(liver cancer) significantly increases survival rates for
this patient population.
For All Pharmacopoeial Analysis, Standardization
of Single as well as Compound Drugs, with
Spectrophotometer, Flame Photomeneter, Photo-
micrograph etc. at nominal charges Contact:
Dr. Prashant Kumar Jha CIPR, DIM, PGDEE, M.Sc., Ph.D.
Quality Control Laboratories, ALN Rao Me-
morial Medical College, Koppa
Your Suggestions and Queries are invited.
Editor: Prof (Dr.) M.Vidyasagar & Co-Editor: Dr.Prashant kumar Jha
Research Co-ordinator Dr. Mahesh.M.Madalageri
Printed and Published by ARMARC on behalf of Honourable A. Ramesh Rao, Koppa, Chikmagalur Dt., Karnataka - 577126, India
(No. KARENG/2002/7924, RNI, New Delhi)
email: armarc_koppa@yahoo.com, prashantjha19@rediffmail.com
8 APRIL-2010
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