Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Page No:
(i)
(ii)
1.
INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................
2.
21.
22.
3.
4.
5.
6.
8.
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT........................................................................... 20
23.
24.
25.
26.
10.
27.
28.
29.
30.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
31.
32.
16.
33.
17.
34.
18.
19.
NFEFI
NGA
NGO
NIPAS
NIPAP
NPDC
NSO
NTAP
ODA
PA
PAMB
PAWB
PCSSD
PCVC
PDA
PDP
PPA
PRRCFI
PRRM
PRTS
PTA
PTO
RDC
RO-RO
SDA
SONA
TDA
TDC
TESDA
TMP
TO
TS
UNESCO
WBCP
WTO
1.
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
Provinces/Destinations
Palawan, Romblon
Albay, Camarines Nortre, Camarines Sur, Catanduanes, Masbate,
Sorsogon
Aklan, Antique, Capiz, Guimaras, Iloilo, Negros Occidental
Bohol, Cebu, Negros Oriental, Siquijor
Biliran, Eastern Samar, Leyte, Northern Samar, Southern Leyte,
Western Samar
Dapitan City (Zamboanga del Norte)
Camiguin
Siargao (Surigao del Norte)
1.2
specify the major programs, roles and responsibilities of key players, institutional
arrangements and resource requirements for achieving the vision.
1.3
METHODOLOGY
In formulating the Management Plan, fieldwork missions were undertaken to almost
all of the provinces within the Central Philippines Super Region, during which
consultations were held with stakeholders directly associated with the tourism sector.
In addition an extensive review of published and unpublished tourism plans,
studies, policy papers and other documents was undertaken.
An important part of the study approach was the involvement of stakeholders in a
highly participative manner so that the initiatives would be designed in such a way as
to directly meet the needs of the sector and evoke its support and enthusiasm for
their implementation. This was chiefly achieved through the organisation of eight
Tourism Planning Workshops (April through July, 2007) in the various provinces
under the aegis of the Department of Tourism.
The participants in these industry workshops included representatives from both the
private and public sectors holding key positions in organisations and associations of
importance in the sector. The purpose of these Tourism Planning Workshops was
to:
assess the present status and characteristics of tourism in the Central Philippines
review the strengths and weaknesses of the tourism sector covering
infrastructure, human resource development & training, infrastructure & access,
marketing, institutional relationships, product development, business climate
identify issues and investment priorities, and
identify actions for tourism development.
However, the Government is aware that the realisation of the Central Philippines
tourism potential will not just simply happen. Tourism development will require
planning, stimulation and change.
In addition the draft Management Plan was presented to a Tourism Summit meeting
in Cebu (Nov 8, 2007) attended by stakeholders from both the public and private
sectors in the identified priority strategic development areas (SDAs).
The deliberations and recommendations from these meetings and workshops formed
the basis of the tourism Management Plan as elaborated in this report.
2.
2.1
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONTEXT
The Central Philippines Super Region consists of the provinces of Palawan,
Romblon, and Camiguin, the island of Siargao, the city of Dapitan and Regions V, VI,
VII and VIII. The land area is just under 98,000 sq. km, representing one third of the
countrys land mass and the population is 24.5 million.
Published statistics indicate that about a quarter of the labour force in this Super
Region is either unemployed or under-employed. In reality, the figure is considerably
higher. Moreover, the people are less well off than in the rest of the country. Using
GDP as an indicator of the economic well-being, output (and therefore incomes) per
head is approximately 30% lower than the national average.
Government Looking to Tourism As the Way Forward
Looking to the future, the major challenge facing the Central Philippines is to diversify
the economy from its reliance on primary products mainly agriculture. This can
only be done by identifying and developing value added internationally traded
products/services in agri-business, manufacturing and the service sector. However,
the service sectors capacity to constitute a driver of regional economic activity is
limited by the fact that much of the output is either non-traded (Government services)
or sheltered (utilities). Internationally traded services with significant growth potential
are few, tourism being the main one.
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
To give coherence to the overall planning, management and promotion of the Central
Philippines Super Region, a development concept is proposed that is based on five
key fundamentals:
designation of Strategic Destination Areas (SDAs) within the Super Region
Direct International Access Presently, the Central Philippines only has the Mactan-Cebu
International Airport in Metro Cebu with regular flights from abroad. Kalibo in Aklan and Puerto
Princesa in Palawan are designated alternate international airports. Having more international
flights to more international gateways will open up more destinations in Central Philippines.
Seamless Interconnectivity Having over two thousand islands instead of a contiguous land
mass is the access transport challenge. This will be met by the development of a seamless
interconnected transport network consisting of interconnected roads, airports and seaports and
Roll-On Roll-Off (RO RO) seaports to facilitate fast and efficient inter-island travel.
World Class Facilities and Products Although there are a number of world class facilities
and products in the region, they are located either near big cities such as Metro Cebu or widely
dispersed as in Northern Palawan. Moreover, there is insufficient product and facilities. The
aim is to develop world class integrated resorts and facilities in a number of tourism areas
throughout the region, capable of being promoted as stand-alone destinations in the market
place. These destinations areas will have their own character and provide a variety of things tosee-and-do. A range of accommodation will be provided, from large scale resorts to boutique
hotels and individual guest houses.
Sustainable Tourism Product Development Sustainable development will allow
development to take place without degrading or depleting the resources which make their
development possible. It means that the natural, cultural and other tourism resources are
conserved and enhanced for continuous use in the future, while at the same time, benefiting
society.
Capacity Building The main beneficiaries from any tourism activity must be the local
communities where the tourism activity takes place. Tourism must provide employment and
livelihood opportunities to local people. Human resource development means providing the
local governments and communities with knowledge and skills to manage their tourism
resources to their benefit.
Infrastructure Development to Attract Investment Many areas have infrastructure gaps in
respect of not just transport-related infrastructure but also utility systems such as clean water
supply, power generation, sewage treatment and solid waste management. Closing these
infrastructure gaps is a necessary pre-condition to attracting private sector investment to the
tourism sector.
Marketing Connectivity Increased demand, in tourism as well as in any other industry,
cannot rely solely on having a product of the right kind and quality, on a market-led pricing
policy and on an effective distribution network. What is also essential is systematic promotion to
potential tourists and trade intermediaries (tour operators, travel agents) bridging the gap
between the tourism product supplier (the hotelier, resort) and the potential visitor.
Improved Business Environment Currently it is difficult to do business. Regulations are very
bureaucratic; restrictions on foreign ownership discourages direct foreign investment;
uncertainty with regard to the status of PAMB plans also constrains investment. Improving the
business environment will involve addressing these issues along with providing greater
incentives to attract investment.
2.6
The designation of SDAs resulted from the application of a planning framework which
grouped the various tourism development areas (TDAs) within the Central
Philippines into nine clusters. Within these clusters, eight SDAs were identified on
the basis of the following criteria.
Priority SDAs
As both public and private resources for investment in infrastructure, resort
development etc., are limited, these SDAs are likely to compete for resources in the
short/medium term. Consequently, the eight SDAs were evaluated and prioritized.
SDAs with ratings above a cut-off point were designaed Priority SDAs while those
that didnt reach this cut-off point were designated Emerging SDAs.
The priority SDAs are the areas which offer the best tourism potential in the
short/medium term. This does not mean that development will not take place outside
of these SDAs. It will. But in a situation of limited resources, the priority SDAs are
the areas where it is considered that investment will be most productive and give the
best rate of return.
The five Priority SDAs and their ranking are:
Strategic Destination Area C Cebu/Sogod - Ranked 1st
TDA 3.1 (Metro Cebu), TDA 3.2 (Sogod), & TDA 3.3 (North Islands)
Strategic Destination Area A Boracay and Carabao - Ranked 2nd
TDA 1.1 (Boracay Island) & TDA 1.2 (Carabao Island)
Strategic Destination Area D Bohol - Ranked 3rd
TDA 4.1 (Tagbilaran-Panglao), TDA 4.2 (Jagna to Anda), & TDA 4.3 (Tubigon to
Jetafe)
Strategic Destination Area H Northern Palawan - Ranked 4th
TDA 8.2 (El Nido Taytay), TDA 8.3 (San Vicente Roxas Area) & TDA 9.1 (Puerto
Princesa)
Strategic Destination Area B Iloilo/Guimaras/Negros Occ - Ranked 5th
TDA 2.1 (Metro-Iloilo-Guimaras), TDA 2.2 (Bacolod-Silay), TDA 2.3 (The Northeast
Coast), & TDA 2.4 (Mount Kanlaon)
The three Emerging SDAs are:
Strategic Destination Area E Dumaguete - Ranked 1st
TDA 5.1 (Dumaguete-Sibulan-Tambobo Bay), TDA 5.2 (Jagna to Anda) & TDA 5.3
(Bais Bay Area)
Strategic Destination Area G Bicol - Ranked 2nd
TDA 7.2 (Naga City Pili Area), TDA 7.5 (Iriga City Area), TDA 7.6 (Albat
Sorsogon Area)
Strategic Destination Area F Samar - Ranked 3rd
TDA 6.1 (Samar Leyte Interface) & TDA 6.4 (Southeastern Samar)
2.7.
GROWTH SCENARIOS
2.7.2
transport connectivity
- transport services to and within the region
environmental sustainability
- increased environment protection and enhancement
the tourism business environment
- investment incentives, planning processes
destination marketing
- adequate funds, web site development
new product development
- increased range, high value-added.
A range of possibilities arise in considering future growth scenarios for tourism to the
Central Philippines. At one extreme is a:
low growth scenario which can be interpreted as to what would be likely to
happen if no initiatives are undertaken and tourism development continues to be
constrained by the existing shortcomings in respect of the infrastructure, utilities,
non-conducive investment climate, environmental planning etc.
high growth scenario which can be seen as the rate at which tourism could
expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in developing
the necessary economic infrastructure, facilities and services, coupled with
significant improvements in the business environment and sector management.
Between these two extremes, a number of other scenarios can be considered, each
reflecting different levels of investment in infrastructure, facilities and services etc.
Foreign
Balikbayan
19%
3%
78%
The high growth scenario represents major change involving not just a massive
investment infrastructure program, estimated at just under Php 30 billion in the five
priority SDAs, but also significant improvements in the business climate,
environmental protection and enhancement, destination marketing and sector
management. The outcome is a projected growth in total tourist arrivals from just
over 4.5 million in 2006 to almost 11.5 million by 2016, representing an average
growth rate of 10% yearly over the period.
The growth projections for the priority SDAs and other destinations within the Central
Philippines are shown on Table 24.1 following.
Table 2.1: SDA Growth Projections
A.
Domestic
Foreign
Balikbayan
2%
31%
BASE LINE
67%
B.
TOTAL
575
960
1,250
220
190
3,195
1,359
4,554
C.
DOM
358
835
772
170
140
2,275
1,248
3,523
DOM
585
1,360
1,260
280
295
3,780
2,040
5,820
TOTAL
900
1,555
2,040
365
380
5,240
2,200
7,440
DOM
930
1,750
2,010
520
435
5,645
2,040
7,685
TOTAL
1,750
2,020
4,020
780
700
9,270
2,200
11,470
2.8
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
2.9
To achieve the projected growth in tourist numbers and expenditures over the next
decade, the Central Philippines will have to:
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM
The overall development program for the five priority SDAs is summarised as follows:
2.10
PROGRAM
TITLE
SDA/TDAs
Description
The Central Philippines Super Region includes the provinces of Palawan, Ramblon
and Dapitan, the Islands of Siargao and Camiguin, and Regions V, VI, VII and VIII.
Although the Super Region has a wealth of ecological and cultural attractions, it has
failed to translate these touristic resources into a substantial tourism industry.
The Central Philippines is not alone in this regard. All destinations, where the core
products are nature and culture based but are not considered world class (such as
the Galapagos, Egypt, Greece) face this problem. The strategy that many
destinations which do not have world class nature and cultural attractions have
pursued, is to invest heavily in related products golf, health and wellness, cruise,
yachting, marinas, conference and incentive etc. These destinations have seen their
tourism sectors prosper and grow.
To move on to the next stage of development requires an investment driven
strategy, with sustained investment in all aspects of tourism infrastructure, utilities,
new products, destination marketing, human resource development etc.
Justification
Tourist
No.s / Revenue
Benefits &
Impacts
Investment
Driven
Primary Factor
Driven
2006
Some 24.5 million Filipinos live in the Super Region, representing about 28% of the
population. As regional output (GDRP) per head is 30% below that of the country as a
whole, the region is characterised by a significant incomes gap. Moreover,
unemployment and underemployment are high.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 22,529
:
270
:
554
Community Development
LGU HRD
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
2016
:150
:100
2.10.1
Program Description
Sector Management
Infrastructure
Projects
Improve paving of Caticlan-Kalibo Road
Priority
B
A
A
A
A
Key:
: 5,175
:
70
:
4
Community Development
LGU HRD
:10
:20
2.10.2
SDA B: Iloilo/Guimaras/Bacolod
Program Description
Sector Management
Support to PAWB for finalisation of GMPs and establish Protected Area Fund.
Establish marine reserve on Guimaras and set up sanctuary.
GMP for Taklong Island.
Community Involvement
Community-based forest management in Mt. Kanlaon and Northern Negros Forest Reserve and mangrove
management in Guimaras province.
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Key:
Priority
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
: 1,468
:
20
:
22
Community Development
LGU HRD
:10
:20
2.10.3
SDA B; Cebu
Program Description
Sector Management
Community Involvement
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Key:
Priority
A
A
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 3,910
:
100
:
208
Community Development
LGU HRD
:60
:20
2.10.4
SDA D: Bohol
Program Description
Sector Management
Destination promotion
Establish/strengthen local tourism councils.
Community Involvement
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Key:
Priority
Tagbilaran airport lighting and ILS project to accommodate international flights over the period 2007
2011.
Cruise ship port and marina project. (Loon)
Panglao international airport.
Panglao Island road capacity upgrade and Causeway improvement project.
Panglao Island solid and liquid waste management project.
Bohol backbone power transmission project.
Tagbilaran solid waste management project.
Sanitary landfill sites (for the towns of Tubigon, Ubay, Jagna, Sagbayan)
Blue projects Public Sector;
A
C
A
B
A
A
A
A
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 8,266
:
50
:
100
Community Development
LGU HRD
:10
:20
2.10.5
SDA H: Palawan
Program Description
Sector Management
Destination promotion
Community Involvement
Community forestry development and watershed management program in San Vicente and Taytay.
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Key:
Priority
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
: 3,710
:
30
:
220
Community Development
LGU HRD
:60
:20
2.11
The purpose of the economic evaluation is to measure the costs and benefits of the
five priority SDA growth scenarios from the point of view of the Central Philippines
regional economy and the national economy to determine whether, in general, they
are economically viable. Government has to decide how much additional weight
should be given to other factors, such as employment generation, tax revenues, etc.
In this regard Government will have to compare the net benefits from investments in
tourism with other investment opportunities in other sectors of the economy in
prioritizing its investment program. This, however, is outside the scope of the study.
The net present values of the five SDA growth scenarios are summarised on Table
2.4. The assumptions underlying the economic analysis along with the detailed
calculations of the NPVs for the different SDA growth scenarios are outlined in Ch.
34 (Working Papers). At the discount rates, the NPVs are positive for all five SDAs.
This indicates that each scenario is economically viable.
Table 2.4: Computed Net Present Values and Economic Rates of Return for the
Priority SDAs (Peso Million at 2006 Prices)
SDA
Initially, the economic costs of tourism development in the five priority SDAs of the
Central Philippines are estimated and the associated economic benefits are then
quantified. With this information, the economic returns to the economy over the
lifetime of the five priority SDA growth scenarios (2008 2030) are calculated.
SDA A
SDA B
SDA C
SDA D
SDA H
SDA A H
SDA
Baseline
2006
A. Boracay/
Carabao
B. Iloilo/
Guimares/
Bacolod
C. Cebu
D. Bohol
H. Palawan
Dom
For
Dom
For
1,075
650
1,310
400
With
Invest
2016
2,790
2,350
3,500
940
Dom
For
Dom
For
Dom
For
3,100
1,910
680
245
420
150
7,640
18,040
2,110
1,310
1,305
1,315
Wout
Invest
2016
1,755
945
2,720
650
5,030
3,120
1,120
340
885
255
Public
Sector
Capital
5,179
100
3,490
1,490
50
400
4,168
130
n/a
8,366
80
n/a
3,980
60
n/a
Legend:
D domestic tourists; F foreign tourists, including Balikbayan
Public Sector Capital Investment
Public Sector Current Investment
EIRR
34.7%
36.7%
77.6%
25.6%
37.2%
40.3%
ENPV
@ 15% d.r.
14,708.5
5,601.8
33,503.9
6,864.5
6,059.6
66,738.28
@ 18% d.r
9,299.2
3,716.3
23,701.7
3,848.6
3,962.9
44,528.78
Employment Generation
A. Boracay/Carabao
B. Illilo/Guimaras/Bacolod
C. Cebu
D. Bohol
H. Palawan
Total SDAs
2.12
Current
06
4,000
5,000
12,500
2,500
2,000
26,000
Rooms
With inv
2016
12,000
12,000
40,000
9,000
6,000
79,000
With Inv.
2016
6,000
9,500
21,000
4,000
3,000
43,500
7,500
3,000
23,000
6,000
3,500
43,000
19,500
8,000
61,000
16,000
9,500
114,000
IATPCMEC-CP
Secretariat
PROGRAM SELECTION
PROGRAM DIRECTOR
DOT CP Program Coordinating Unit
The total public sector investment program for the priority SDAs is estimated at just
under PhP 23.5 billion. As resources may not be available to carry out the required
investment program simultaneously in all five SDAs the following criteria were used
in ranking the investment program(s) for implementation.
Central Philippines
Project Management
Office
(Consultant and DOT
Counterparts)
SDA TWGs
SDA
A
SDA
B
SDA
C
SDA
D
SDA
H
The application of the above criteria indicated that the following sequencing of the
SDA investment programs for optimum returns.
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
4th:
5th:
SDA C: Cebu
SDA A: Boracay/Carabao
SDA D: Bohol
SDA H: Palawan
SDA B: Iloilo/Guimaras
PART I
3.
4.
5.
6.
3.
SOCIO-ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
3.1
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
3.3
The population of the Central Philippines Super Region is an estimated 24.5 million
(2006), representing about 28% of the total population of the Philippines.
IV
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XIII
Palawan
Romblon
Bicol
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Dapitan/Dipolog
Camiguin
Siargao Island
Central Philippines
All Philippines
Land
Area
(sq.km.)
17,031
1,534
18,130
20,626
15,886
23,231
435
238
670
97,781
300,000
Projected
Population 2006
(000s)
913
306
5,290
7,012
6,488
4,103
195
84
104
24,495
86,972
Employed
Population Distribution
Share
Density Pers/sq.km
%
3.7
1.3
21.6
28.6
26.5
16.8
0.8
0.3
0.4
100.0
28.2
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
53.6
199.9
291.7
340.0
408.4
176.6
449.2
353.4
156.0
250.5
289.9
Region
IV
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
IX
X
XIII
Palawan
Romblon
Bicol
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Dapitan/Dipolog
Camiguin
Siargao Island
Central Philippines
Philippines
(PhP 000)
41,682,958
13,996,304
147,772,692
396,832,844
417,046,348
137,334,199
8,183,594
5,807,982
3,378,667
1,172,035,588
6,032,623,555
*GDRP (2006)
%
3.6
1.2
12.6
33.9
35.6
11.7
0.7
0.5
0.3
100.0
19.4
GDRP/Pop
45,665
45,665
27,937
56,591
64,282
33,470
41,876
69,060
32,319
47,846
69,362
206
695
675
484
482
2,542
10,520
10
47
65
57
12
191
871
The numbers employed in the hotel and restaurant sector is about 191,000.
However, this significantly understates the numbers employed in the tourism industry
in the Super Region as those employed by tour operators, transport companies,
tourism facilities etc., are not included in this figure.
The output (GDRP) of the Central Philippines economy was estimated at Php 1,172
trillion in 2006, representing almost one-fifth (19.4%) of the national total.
40
100
168
205
77
590
2,635
When Dapitan City, Camiguin Province and Siargao Island are included, the
numbers employed in the Central Philippines are estimated at just under 10 million,
representing about 30% of the national total. Although the unemployment rate
appears relatively low (5.6%), this masks considerable under-employment officially
at about 25%, but considerably higher in reality.
Within the Central Philippines Super Region, output is concentrated in the Western
and Central Visayas Regions which together account for nearly 70% of total regional
output.
1,030
1,991
2,767
2,422
1,605
9,815
32,875
Hotel &
Restaurants
3.2
Romblon/Palawan
Bicol
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Central Philippines
All Philippines
Nos (000s)
Un-employ
Underemploy
3.4
4.
TOURISM DEMAND
4.1
NATIONAL CONTEXT
Length of Stay
For international tourists, the average length of stay is about 8.5 nights; overseas
Filipinos stay about 21.5 nights on average. However, the average length of stay
varies by source market generally, the closer the geographical proximity of the
market to the Philippines, the shorter the length of stay.
Markets
Hong Kong, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore
Korea, Australia, USA, Canada, Germany, UK
Source: DOT
Purpose of Visit
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,500,000
Arrivals
1,000,000
2003
2004
2005
2006
Not all international tourists travel outside of Metro-Manila. The majority of Japanese
and Singaporean tourists do not visit places outside of Metro-Manila. On the other
hand Germans, Canadians and Koreans are more likely to travel outside of Manila.
Markets
Korea, USA, Japan
China, Taiwan, Australia, Hong Kong
Singapore, Canada, UK, Germany, Malaysia
% of Tourists
70 to 80
60 to 69
50 to 59
30 to 49
Markets
Germany, Canada
UK, Korea, USA, Taiwan, Australia
Hong Kong
Japan, Singapore
Source: DOT
43.5% (23.7 million) of 54.6 million Filipinos aged 15 years + travelled within the
country, each making an average of 2 trips during this 6 month period and visiting
2 destinations
main purpose of visit for most was to visit family & friends
- visit family & friends
55.6%
- pleasure/vacation
34.6%
- business/profession
12.8%
- MICE
2.2%
type of accommodation used was primarily the home of family & friends
- home of relatives & friends 78.4%
- hotel
6.9%
- resort
5.4%
- apart/hotel
3.8%
- inns/lodges
2.4%
- hostel/boarding house
1.4%
Korea
Japan
USA
Germany
Taiwan
UK
Australia
China
Canada
Hong Kong
Switzerland
Nos.
328,957
142,602
98,063
25,477
28,485
22,024
22,582
18,805
14,689
12,694
10,599
Share of Total %
36
16
11
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
Share of Market
%
71
51
37
61
35
54
44
36
47
36
59
Source: DOT
4.2
2001
439
17
2,002
2,458
Arrivals (000s)
2003
2005
490
792
121
82
2,479
3,114
3,090
3,988
Seven out of ten Korean tourist arrivals visit the Central Philippines. The majority
(60% approx) of Western Europeans; just over half (51%) of Japanese; and just over
a third (37%) of US tourists visit the Super Region.
2006
917
114
3,523
4,554
Dist
%
20
3
77
100
Grw
%
16
46
12
13
Domestic tourist arrivals account for just over three-quarters (77%) of the total.
However, foreign tourist arrivals (excluding overseas Filipinos) have increased
significantly since 2001 and now account for 20% of the total.
National
8,915,806
9,687,573
11,331,212
13,804,876
14,064,724
Central Philippines
2,210,424
2,479,317
2,987,594
3,114,058
3,522,597
% Share
25
26
26
23
25
5.
The island has a range of tourist facilities. Reflecting the islands popularity, there
has been a notable increase in the number of new high-end resort facilities. Although
average annual room occupancy rates in Boracay are around 50%, the high
seasonal pattern of demand implies a shortage of rooms during peak periods.
Access transport networks are good. However, there are services infrastructure
gaps in respect of roads, utilities and port/s.
Bohol
About 50,000 overseas tourists visit Bohol, mainly from East Asia and Europe.
About 170,000 domestic tourists also visit the island. Bohol has a good range of
natural attractions, which include white sandy beaches, unique geological formations
(Chocolate Hills), culture, wildlife, and coral reefs.
Growth of tourism in Bohol is reflected by the recent development of a number of
resort and hotel facilities in the area, a number of which cater to the higher end of the
market.
Palawan
Cebu
In terms of tourist arrivals, Cebu is the Central Philippines premier destination for
both foreign and domestic tourists. The main overseas markets are Korea, Japan,
USA and Europe (Germany, UK, Switzerland and France). Because Cebu/Mactan
airport is a major international gateway, the island has good international and
domestic access. Cebu possesses a range of touristic attractions high quality
beaches, dive sites, cultural heritage, etc., along with a wide range of
accommodation facilities. However, the area is experiencing shortage of quality
rooms as evidenced by 70%+ average annual room occupancy rates achieved in
Cebus high end hotels and resorts.
Although the transport infrastructure is reasonable, there are services infrastructure
gaps with regard to utilities, particularly access to potable water.
Boracay
Boracay is perhaps the best island and beach destination that the Philippines can
offer. This 1,000-hectare tropical destination in the province of Aklan has a high level
of tourism development and is equally popular among foreign and domestic tourists.
Almost half a million tourists visited Boracay Island in 2006. The main overseas
source market is Korea, which accounts for about 60% of all foreign tourists. Visitors
from the USA and Japan account for just under 10% and 5% respectively.
Guimaras
The province of Guimaras is increasingly popular among domestic tourists, most of
whom come from nearby Iloilo. They are attracted by the numerous secluded coves
and small resorts in the area. Guimaras is also well-known for various food products
such as mangoes.
Tourist facilities are mainly of the mom & pop category.
Camiguin
More than 220,000 tourists visited the island province in 2006, the vast majority
being domestic visitors. With access being a major problem, few foreign tourists visit
Camiguin.
Negros Occidental
Tourist facilities located around the island-province are low-end. Owing to the
seasonal demand patterns and access limitations, average room occupancy rates
are about 50%.
This province offers a mix of urban amenities, natural and cultural attractions. The
areas tourism potential is based on the quality of its natural attractions which include
the marine protected area in Sagay, Danjugan Sanctuary in Cauayan, Mt. Kanlaon
National Park, and the Northern Negros Forest Reserve.
Camarines Sur
Bacolod City has several 2* to 3* international standard hotel properties that cater
primarily to business travellers. Average yearly room occupancy rates of about 50%
suggest that there is sufficient room capacity to cater for existing demand.
Negros Oriental
Dumaguete City is becoming an increasingly popular centre for scuba diving. The
province also has various other natural attractions and activities such as dolphin
watching, mangrove walks, waterfalls, caves and forest areas.
Tacloban is the service centre for the major historical sites in the eastern part of the
Visayas. The city is also a convenient gateway to the various natural attractions in
the neighbouring provinces of Samar and Eastern Samar. The main draw is
historical (based on World War II events) but this is a diminishing market. Just under
150,000 tourists visited the province of Leyte in 2006, of which fewer than 7,000
were foreign visitors.
Siargao
Dapitan City
Siargao has gained world-wide recognition as a top quality surfing destination and is
now a part of the official circuit of international surfing competitions. Moreover, the
island has other attractions that are begining to attract non-surfing visitors.
Most visitors to Negros Oriental are domestic; foreign visitors number about 20,000.
26
6.
Contribution to Employment
6.1
As statistics are not available on tourist spending in the various regions, we have
made a number of simplifying assumptions2 when calculating the value of tourism to
the Central Philippines economy.
Variable
Foreign Tourists
Domestic Trips1
Total
Arrivals
(000s)
2,600
118,500
113,300
Spend
US (Million)
2,100
3,080
5,180
Avg. Nights
8.5
n/a
-
Contribution to GDP
In 2005 the Philippines GDP at market prices was estimated at US$99 billion and
international tourism revenue at about US$2.1 billion. Consequently, international
tourisms direct contribution to GDP was about 2%.
However, it should be noted that tourism receipts are at gross value and strictly
speaking, the imported inputs to tourism sales should be excluded before expressing
them as a proportion of GDP. To the extent, therefore, that direct imports have not
been excluded, tourist receipts as proportion of GDP will be overstated. There are
no published statistics available on the proportion that direct imports represent.
However, on the assumption that direct imports represent between one-third and
1
The number and value of domestic trips are based on the applications of a number of very simplifying
assumptions to the findings of the DOT/National Statistics Office household survey on domestic trips.
The figures should be regarded as indicative of the magnitudes involved rather than precise statistics.
Variable
Foreign Tourists*
Domestic Trips
Total
Arrivals
(000s)
795
28,875
29,670
Spend
US$ (Million)
650
770
1,420
Avg.
Nights
8.5
n/a
-
Contribution to GDRP
In 2005, tourisms gross contribution to the Central Philippines economy was about
US$ 1,420 million, representing almost 7.5% of the Super Regions output (GDRP).
Contribution to Employment
Based on the NSO Labor Force Survey of 2005, we estimate that 191,000 are
employed in the Hotel and Restaurant sector in the Central Philippines. Making
allowance for those employed in tourism services, facilities and attractions, our
estimate of total tourism employment in the Super Region is about 350,000 jobs.
Main assumptions are that a) average daily expenditure by foreign tourists in Central Philippines
is the same as in the rest of the country and b) that spending patterns of domestic tourists per trip
to the Central Philippines is the same as in the rest of the country.
27
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ENABLING ENVIRONMENT..........................................................
15.
28
Communities, as direct providers, offer goods and services which are purchased
and consumed directly by the visitors. They are in the front line, having face-to-face
interaction with the visitors.
Communities are hosts and direct providers when individuals and groups in the
community provide transport services, operate lodging establishments, restaurants,
entertainment, and other services. For example, in many tourism areas such as
Bohol, the pump-boats used for diving, island-hopping or dolphin watching, are
provided by households or cooperatives/associations in the local communities.
These boats are used for fishing during the off-season when there are few tourists in
the area. In this manner, tourism provides supplemental income to the pump-boats
owners without displacing their traditional livelihood sources. These activities also
serve as conduits to distribute the economic benefits of tourism to local households.
8.2.2 Communities as Support Services Providers
Many communities provide support services to the direct providers i.e. hotels,
resorts and other tourism services. They comprise the suppliers to the dry/wet
markets, laundry contractors and, to a certain extent, medical services.
8.
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
The term community is used interchangeably to describe both the community in
its broadest sense as in a barangay or province and the community in its narrowest,
such as a site-specific area.
8.1.
8.2.
29
Community Location
Coron Palawan
Donsol Sorsogon
Caticlan Aklan
Bais Negros Oriental
Olango Is. Cebu
Pamilakan Is. Bohol
Sohoton Cave Samar
Mantique Camiguin
Danjugan Is. Negros Occ
Negros Forest Negros Occ
Mt. Isarog Camarines Sur
Jatafe Bohol
Direct Providers
Support Services
Agents of
Development
The major community projects in the Central Philippines are shown on Map 8.1.
30
8.3.
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES
The major community/tourism development issues are:
Examples are the destruction of coral beds caused by illegal fishing methods;
indiscriminate harvesting of mangroves in coastal areas; slash-and-burn (kaningin)
methods to clear farm land; tolerance of illegal logging.
8.3.1 Mitigating Measures
Initiatives needed to tackle these development issues include:
31
9.
9.1
Trekking and climbing products and services are limited and are generally run by
enthusiastic amateur groups of local climbers rather than full-time professional
mountain guides.
The caves in the Central Philippines have limited appeal to foreign tourists.
Moreover, they are considered to be less attractive compared to caves found in
other ASEAN countries.
Absence or lack of on-site information on the natural and cultural history of the
caves reduces their appreciation by visitors.
Damage to caves due to lack or poor monitoring of visitor activities and lack of
information on rules and code of conduct for caving activities
Organizations running caving activities are amateur organizations which lack
experience of the proper operations and management of caves.
32
33
23
34
Illegal fishing, coral reef destruction and whale shark, manta ray and dolphin
killings
Safety measures and quality of professional guides in SCUBA diving
Promotion of community-based tourism to spread the benefits to local
communities, and
Proper training of tourism workers and guides in ecotourism, guiding and safety
measures.
Chemical and sediment pollution of lakes and rivers emanating from cultivated
patches of watersheds and forest areas
Threat that damming of rivers for hydroelectric projects will obliterate waterfalls
Human settlements encroachment in wetlands threatens and drives away
migratory birds
9.2
35
36
25
RO-RO facilities at some ports are decrepit and cannot cope with larger RO-RO
vessels. Since these ports are located at strategic points along the major RO-RO
corridors, they must be improved as a matter of priority
For obvious reasons, ports are important components of the nautical highway
system. The Central Philippines has a seaport system consisting of 64 public ports
composed of 8 base ports and 56 terminal ports operated by the Philippine Port
Authority. The base ports are located in Legaspi, Tacloban, Cebu, Tagbilaran,
Dumaguete, Pulupandan, Iloilo, and Puerto Princesa. In addition to these larger ports
operating on international and inter-island transport, there are also about 1,200 local
ports that are generally operated by LGUs or under the DOTC. The majority of these
local ports serve the local water transport requirements, often involving the use of
motorized outriggered bancas with low passenger capacities. With the development
of the nautical highway system, a number of local ports strategically located along
the alignments of the nautical highways are programmed to be improved in order to
handle increased ferry and passenger demands.
Additional RO-RO ramps at particular ports are needed to cope with increasing
transport demand
Increased berthing area for fast-craft ferries and land-side space for parking
should be provided
Insufficient port utilities such as water supply, drainage system, lighting system,
fire fighting system, etc.
Relevance to Tourism
The Roll-On, Roll-Off (RO-RO) transport system, which is suited for nautical
highways, is a time-and-cost efficient way of moving passengers and cargos. The
concept is for the RO-RO vessel to serve as the floating bridge in a seamless
terrestrial and nautical highway system, linking the various Central Philippines
islands with one another as well as with Manila.
In addition to the RO-RO vessels, the introduction of fast-craft ferry vessels in the
domestic shipping services, particularly in Central Philippines, has significantly
reduced travel times. These fast-craft ferry services are increasingly interfacing with
air services, particularly through Mactan-Cebu International Airport, to provide
seamless interconnectivity of air, sea and road transport services. The newer vessels
cater to a growing tourism market by offering quality service at affordable prices.
37
27
38
10.2
ROAD NETWORK
The Central Philippines has a total of 9,475 kilometers of national roads which
provide the main trunkline network connecting key population centers and linking
provinces. Paved roads (concrete or asphalt) represent only 77% of national roads.
About 23% percent of national roads have an earth surface (gravel and earth),
thereby making them highly vulnerable to bad weather conditions. Nearly half (47%)
of the national road network is rated as good or fair, with the balance generally
rated as poor or bad, because of deficiencies in design and construction,
inadequate maintenance, and damage from overloaded vehicles.
Relevance to Tourism
Roads are the most important element of any transport system as they provide the
necessary access to destinations. Accessibility to a tourism destination is
fundamental to its successful development.
Beach resorts in Cebu such as in Moalboal, Alcoy and Boljoon in the South,
and Bantayan, Balamban, Daanbantayan and Malapascua island in the
North,
Beaches in Sipalay, Negros Occidental
National Parks (Lakes and Waterfalls) in Negros Oriental
Bulusan National Park in Sorsogon
Poor linkages to other modes of transport such as ferry services and airports.
Focus should be geared towards improving connectivity in intermodal transfers.
For example, roads linking to seaports should be improved to enhance the
function of the port as a gateway.
Road structures, such as drainage systems and signage are usually not
provided, thus compromising road quality and safety.
Many access roads to existing and potential tourist destinations are either bad or
non-existent, thereby constraining tourism development. All major roads leading
to tourism sites should be upgraded to all-weather status.
39
29
10.3
AIRPORT INFRASTRUCTURE
The Philippines has nine (9) international airports designated as major gateways to
the country. The primary international airports are Ninoy Aquino International Airport,
Mactan-Cebu, Clark and Subic International Airports, while Laoag, Puerto-Princesa,
Davao, General Santos and Zamboanga Airports serve as alternate international
airports, handling limited international scheduled and chartered air services.
The Central Philippines airport system consists of some 36 functional airports,
strategically located in the various islands of the region. Of the total number of
airports in the islands, 1 airport is categorized by the Air Transportation Office (ATO)
as international, seven are trunkline, 13 are secondary and 15 are feeder airports.
The international airport is the Mactan-Cebu Airport. The airports in Puerto Princesa
and Kalibo, although not categorized by ATO as international airports, operate
international flights.
Iloilo Airport, which is a replacement of the old Mandurriao Airport in Iloilo City, began
operations in June 2007. The Bacolod-Silay Airport, located 15 kilometers northeast
of Bacolod City in Silay City, was completed in July 2007. However, there is a debate
whether or not the airport should be made operational as a 500-meter extension of
the runway is being planned in order for the airport to accommodate larger aircraft.
Depending on the scenario, the airport could be opened in November 2008 or
sometime in 2010, following the completion of a diversion road to the airport.
Two new airports are in the pipeline for the province of Palawan. One is in
Busuanga, on the site currently occupied by the small YKR airport; and another in
the town of San Vicente, both in the northern part of the province. With help from a
grant from the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA), the first phase of
the Busuanga Airport Development Project, involving the rehabilitation of the airports
existing facilities including construction of a new terminal building, concreting of
apron and runway extension, is currently underway. The airport in San Vicente is
intended for completion in 2008. Right-of-way and acquisition is almost complete,
while civil works started earlier this year (2007).
The San Jose Airport Development Project in Carabao Island, Romblon, which is
planned to have a 4,000-meter runway, is part of the tourism masterplan being
developed by a Korean company. Portions of Carabao Island have already been
leased out to the Korean company which is committed to put up the necessary
infrastructures before establishing commercial operations. The airport, to be
constructed to international standards, is targeted for completion by the end of 2010.
Ongoing airport improvements, mostly in the form of runway expansion and
upgrading and passenger terminal improvements are being undertaken in Guian,
Siargao, Tacloban and Dumaguete. These improvements are expected to be
completed by early 2008.
Relevance to Tourism
30
Airports serve as gateways to major tourism destinations and regional centers. The
general direction of air transport development is geared towards providing a wider
Capability
(Available
Flights)
Max Aircraft
Size
Pax/
max
aircraft
Pax
Terminal
Area (m2)
Runway
Length
(m)
CIQS
Facilities
NiteLanding
Official
Designation
Mactan-Cebu
International
B-747
433
33,000
3,300
Yes
Yes
International
Bacolod-Silay
Iloilo
Dumaguete
Legazpi
Puerto Princesa
Roxas
Tacloban
Daet
Naga
Virac
Masbate
Catarman
Calbayog
Ormoc
Tagbilaran
Kalibo
Antique
Romblon
Dipolog
Sorsogon
Busuanga
Caticlan
Siquijor
Camiguin
Siargao
Guian
San Vicente
Balabac
Domestic*
Domestic*
Domestic
Domestic
International
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
International
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
Domestic
A-330
B-747
B-737
B-737
A-330
B-737
A-320
GA
B-737
YS-11
DHC-7
BAe146
BAe146
DHC-7
B-737
A-320
ATP
Yak40
B-737
302
433
274
274
302
274
599
19
50
2,000
2,500
1,845
2,280
2,600
1,890
2,138
1150
1402
1560
1200
1350
1476
1865
1779
2187
1200
1390
1912
1200
1200
1200
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Trunkline
Trunkline
Trunkline
Trunkline
Trunkline
Trunkline
Trunkline
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
Secondary
LET 410
DHC-7
GA
LET 410
GA
10,075
12,000
589
922
1,384
607
1152
797
451
120
350
260
35
250
550
450
81
1800
No
No
No
No
274
64
50
100
100
50
274
599
32
274
19
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Feeder
Sources: Master Plan Study on the Strategy for the Improvement of National Airports, JICA (2005)/World
Data (http://www.worldaerodata.com)
Note: * Bacolod-Silay and Iloilo Airports are designed as international airports
33
Need for improved airport infrastructure such as runway strips, taxiways, general
aviation aprons, cargo terminal buildings, control towers, passenger boarding
bridges and baggage conveyor belts.
The addition of these international standard airports will facilitate direct access to
almost all major destinations in the Central Philippines, the exception being the
eastern side of the Super Region. The construction of a new international airport in
Bicol would fill this gap. (The planned new international airport in Panglao aims to
replace the existing Tagbilaran airport in order to accommodate the larger sized
aircrafts needed to cope with the increasing air traffic demand due to growth in
tourism in the area).
10.4
POWER SUPPLY
Although the Central Philippines is endowed with vast indigenous energy resources,
including geothermal energy, hydropower and wind, the cost of electricity is high primarily due to inadequacies and inefficiencies of the power infrastructure needed
for generation, transmission and distribution.
According to the Power Development Plan (PDP) 2006, the projected aggregate
dependable capacity for Central Philippines is 1,536 MW as of end 2006. In terms of
required capacity, about 1,424 MW are needed in 2006, 1,683 MW in 2009 and
2,283 MW in 2014. A total of 869 MW of new generating capacities are still required
to meet the growing demand for the period 2006-2014. Of this, 269 MW will be
provided from already committed power projects and 600 MW from proposed power
projects.
As of April 2007, the Central Philippines (including Palawan) electrification level
stood at 95.5 percent. Of the potential 4.1 million connections, 2.6 million (63.4%) are
already connected. The Bicol region has the highest proportion of connections
(66.8%). Palawan has the least electrification level (45.8%) as most of the barangays
are located in remote areas.
Table 10.2: Status of Barangay Electrification by Region, as of April 2007
Region
Coverage
370
3,449
Barangays
Energized
265
3,243
%
71.6
94.0
Palawan
Bicol Region
Western
3,870
3,824
98.8
Visayas
Central Visayas
2,713
2,709
99.9
Eastern Visayas
4,372
4,073
93.2
TOTAL
14,774
14,114
95.5
Source: National Electrification Administration (2007)
Potential
169,100
993,500
Connections
Actual
77,406
663,987
%
45.8
66.8
1,267,300
800,302
63.2
934,800
778,500
4,143,200
589,568
495,918
2,627,181
63.1
63.7
63.4
10.5
WATER SUPPLY
A total of 26 water districts supply the water requirements of the Central Philippines.
The top two producers are Central Visayas with 55.7 billion cubic meters and the
Bicol Region with 26.3 billion cubic meters of water produced. However, as shown on
the chart, access to safe water varies significantly within the Super Region, with the
prime tourist areas among the provinces registering the lowest access as a
proportion of population.
In Iloilo, water sources are mainly shallow wells or dugwells. Because coastal areas
are prone to saltwater intrusion, the Metro Iloilo Water District taps surface water
located 35 kilometers inland. Degradation of the watershed areas has contributed to
the deterioration of the quality of surface water. Less than two-thirds of the
population has access to safe and potable water.
The Leyte Metropolitan Water district (LMWD) supplies water to Tacloban City and
nearby municipalities. The P200 million water treatment rehabilitation project of the
LMWD has recently been completed to improve the provinces supply of water.
Service
Coverage
Level III
Level II
Level I
Total
%
Aklan
432,358
57,226
20,150
194,635
272,011
63
Biliran
136,851
40,383
22,573
38,195
101,105
74
Bohol
1,239,829
432,414
46,954
252,851
732,219
59
Cebu
2,921,305
509,259
56,049
660,625
1,225,933
42
Iloilo
1,489,556
106,683
31,880
806,413
944,976
63
Leyte
1,450,935
307,003
69,797
582,864
959,664
66
Negros Occidental 2,127,770
249,575
89,430
1,269,638
1,608,643
76
Negros Oriental
1,200,315
255,438
114,630
321,689
691,757
59
Source: Provincial Water Supply, Sewerage and Sanitation Sector Plan (PW4SP), JICA (2000)
Note: Level 1 (point source) - a protected well or a developed spring with an outlet but without
Province
Population
(1998)
a distribution system; generally adaptable for rural areas where the houses are thinly
scattered. Level II (communal faucet system) - a system composed of a source, a reservoir,
a piped distribution network and communal faucets. Level III (waterworks system) - a system
with a source, a reservoir, a piped distribution network and household taps.
In Aklan, the majority of the population is served by Level I water supply system.
(Level III water supply systems exist only in large municipalities such as Kalibo).
Approximately 2 out of 5 of the population get their water supply from springs and
rain water.
Biliran has a comparatively good water service coverage, in which a total of
136,851 people or about 74 percent of the population have access to potable water
supply.
In Bohol, water in Tagbilaran City and some municipalities is basically supplied by
groundwater. The rest of the residents source their water from dugwells, rivers, and
rainwater. With the recent completion of the Tagbilaran Water Supply Project, water
supply has been made available in Tagbilaran City and nearby municipalities.
The main sources of water in Cebu are from deep wells and springs, pumped into
reservoirs and then distributed by gravity using Level III water supply systems. The
Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD) supplies potable water to the various cities
of Cebu. However, shortage of water has always been a problem in Metro Cebu due
to deforestation and seawater intrusion of the underground water supply. Only 2 out
of 5 of the population have access to potable water.
10.6
area of jurisdiction through local property taxes and enforcement of a service fee
system.
Solid wastes are disposed in open dumpsites, burned or collected by the Local
Government Unit (LGU) and dumped in open areas. Liquid waste, on the other hand,
goes along with the normal flow of water, and usually disposed in open channels,
roads, ditches, or open pits in backyards. Open dumpsites pose grave risk to the
health of the local population because open garbage sites harbor disease-carrying
insects and vermin. Dumpsites located near coastal areas pose a similar danger and
may also contaminate the marine resources of the region.
However, high costs of constructing sewer networks, poor technical capacity and
reluctance-to-pay for sanitation services are the major reasons why investment in
sewerage collection and treatment facilities is low. In Boracay, only a small
proportion (less than 5%) of the population is connected to the sewerage system
due to the reluctance of people to pay the connection rates.
10.8
Currently, there are 260 open dumpsites, 98 controlled dumpsites, 8 sanitary landfills
and 322 materials recovery facilities in the Central Philippines. The Western Visayas
has the most of the aggregated number of open and controlled dumpsites (125).
Table 10.4: Solid Waste Disposal Facilities in Central Philippines
Area
Open
Dumpsite
Controlled
Dumpsite
Closure
&
Rehab
Plan
Authority
to Close
Bicol
Region
77
13
6
4
Western
Visayas
100
25
18
14
Central
Visayas
74
44
4
1
Eastern
Visayas
9
16
3
2
Total
260
98
31
21
Source: National Solid Waste Management Commission (2007)
10.7
Sanitary
Landfill
Matls
Recov.
Fac.
(MRF)
Proposed
Landfills
77
134
42
66
36
45
322
7
87
COMMUNICATION FACILITIES
The Central Philippines is wired with the rest of the world through state-of-the-art
telephone facilities that provide domestic and international linkages. This is made
possible by various service providers such as PLDT and cellular phone firms such as
Globe and Smart. In 2005, a total of 1.16 million telephone lines have been
installed in Central Philippines. Of these, 470,616 (40%) are in the Central Visayas,
and 427,481 (37%) are in Western Visayas. In terms of telephone density, the region
has an average of 6 telephone lines and 2 subscribers per 100 persons.
A total of 48,713 licensed radio stations operate in the area as recorded in 2004, with
Central Visayas having the most number at 28,715 or 59% of the super regions total.
Western Visayas, on the other hand, has the least number of registered radio
stations with only 5,536 or 11%.
There are 436 cable television networks distributors in the Central Philippines. Bicol
has the most cable distributors (131), followed by Western Visayas (110), Eastern
Visayas (106) and Central Visayas (89).
Table 10.5: Communication Facilities in Central Philippines
Bicol Region
109,631
No. of
Licensed
Radio
Stations
(2004)
5,866
Western Visayas
427,481
6.21
1.97 (2005)
5,536
110
Central Visayas
470,616
7.76
3.67 (2005)
28,715
89
Eastern Visayas
151,652
3.67
0.67 (2005)
8,596
106
1,159,380
5.0
1.8
48,713
436
SEWAGE FACILITIES
Only about 7 percent of the countrys total population is connected to sewers. Due to
insufficient sewage treatment and disposal, more than 90 percent of the sewage
generated in the Philippines is not disposed or treated in an environmentally
acceptable manner.
The control of sewage pollution is covered under the Clean Water Act, enacted in
2004. This Act mandates the connection to sewerage systems of all subdivisions,
condominiums, commercial centers, hotels, sports and recreational facilities,
hospitals, market places, public buildings and other similar establishments within five
years following the enactment of the law. It also compels the collection of wastewater
charges covering all sources of wastewater discharges, including effluent from
wastewater treatment plants, sewage treatment plants and discharges from water
treatment facilities. In addition, discharge permits are required from owners or
operators of facilities that discharge regulated effluents. The Clean Water Act also
encourages LGUs to raise funds to subsidize the necessary expenses for the
operation and maintenance of sewage treatment or septage facilities servicing their
Area
TOTAL
Telephone
Lines (2005)
Telephone Density
(per 100 population)
Lines
Subscribed
Cable TV
Networks
Distribution
(2005)
131
TOURISM PRODUCTS
Beach Resorts
The Central Philippines has a large number of beach resorts, the best known being
in Mactan and Borocay.
Golf Courses
National Parks
Visits to national parks are an important element of the Central Philippines tourism
Although golfing is a recognised driver of tourism demand, there are only 14 golf
courses in the Central Philippines, of which less than a handful can be considered
championship quality i.e. the level necessary to attract the international golfer.
Although the waters of the Central Philippines are ideal for yachting, the product is
virtually non-existent. There are no established marinas, yachting guides etc.
product.
Cruise
Nature and Ecotourism Sites
Nature and ecotourism sites form a significant component of tourism in most of the
destinations within the Central Philippines. There is a wide range of nature products
which include dolphin watching, birdwatching and mangrove tours. In the
development of nature products, ecotourism principles are being consciously applied.
The National Ecotourism Strategy formulated by the DOT and DENR has given
impetus to the development of various community-based ecotourism products.
Nature and ecotourism sites assisted by LGUs, NGOs and the DOT/DENR include
the Olango Birdwatching tour in Cebu, the Cambuhat River Cruise and the
Pamilakan Island Dolphin Watching (Marine Life) tour in Bohol.
Scuba Diving
Scuba diving is a growth sector and is becoming a major market driver for many
coastal and marine destinations. The scuba dive product is mainly promoted to the
overseas markets.
Although well established in South East Asia, the cruise product has not been
developed in the Central Philippines.
Hiking/Trekking
Hiking/trekking is a major tourist activity worldwide. Although the Central Philippines
has the natural resource base to offer a unique hiking/trekking product, there are few
designated trails, informed guides and supporting superstructure of hotels, inns etc,
Urban Attractions
Urban attractions are mainly composed of buildings/streetscapes/plazas of
architectural significance, museums and art galleries, theatre and other forms of
entertainment (dance, music etc), historical sites (churches, forts, castles etc), retail
(shopping centres, malls), bay or river promenades/waterfront areas, restaurants,
bars etc.
Whereas the Central Philippines has a number of churches and ancestral houses of
historical interest, few are of international significance. However, shopping and
dining out (mainly fast-food and mid range) is well developed everywhere.
37
11.2
ACCOMMODATION FACILITIES
There are approximately 30,000 rooms in the Central Philippines in all forms of
accommodation establishments. Cebu and Boracay together account for almost half
(46%) of the accommodation stock.
Hotels
Palawan
280
Boracay
880
Cebu
4,760
Bohol
290
Region V
n/a
Region VI (except Boracay)
1,560
Region VII (except Cebu and
150
Bohol
Region VIII
110
Total
8,030
Source: DOT and Consultants estimates.
Inns/Lodgings
Houses
1,420
210
2,610
1,230
n/a
3,000
Resorts
1,060
2,830
2,450
1,060
n/a
1,000
Total Number
of Rooms
2,760
3,920
9,820
2,580
1,030
5,560
950
720
1,820
1,550
10,970
400
9,520
2,060
29,550
the number of top quality properties in the region is very few only three 5*
international equivalent properties (1,100 rooms) in Cebu. Most destinations
offer only 1* and 2* international standard equivalent hotel facilities.
in the Central Philippines as a whole, there are only 114 hotel properties with
an estimated 10,760 rooms. With high room occupancy rates, there is little
spare capacity in the region.
the Philippines promotes the island of Boracay as its best island destination
in terms of beach quality. However, the relatively small size of the island
coupled with the fragility of its environment means it cannot handle massive
tourism development. Thus there is a need to develop other areas.
In the major destinations (Mactan, Boracay) within the Super Region, the high end
properties report annual room occupancy rates in the range of 70% to 80%. From an
operational standpoint, this means that many of the high-end hotels are virtually full
all year round.
the actual number of destinations within the Central Philippines which are
easy to access and offer a diverse range of tourism products are relatively
few Cebu and Boracay being the only ones.
11.3
informal communities are established in many coastal areas and islands that
would otherwise be considered ideal tourism development sites.
12.2
VISITOR INFORMATION
12.4
BANKING
There are adequate banking facilities in all the service centers of Central Philippines
with automatic teller machines (ATMs) conveniently stationed in those areas.
However, destinations in rural areas such as Coron in Palawan and Donsol in
Sorsogon lack ATM facilities.
12.5
SHOPPING
Shopping is not easy for tourists outside of shopping malls. Only metropolitan Cebu
has established tourism shopping centers that visitors can include in their itineraries.
Tagbilaran City in Bohol has started developing tourist stores along the visitor routes.
Most of the other destinations only have pockets and small-scale special interest
shopping outlets. Boracay, on the other hand, is being increasingly characterized by
hawkers whereby such people and their merchandise compete for space with
legitimate businesses and the pathways used by tourists. If continued unregulated,
this situation could contribute to the decline of the quality of the retail experience for
visitors.
Tourist arrivals*
Phil
CP
529
82
415
138
490
267
107
15
123
20
96
18
Europe
Singapore
Kuala Lumpur
Other ASEAN
China
Middle East
14
64
15
69
49
49
16
4
5
2
3
6,885
21,440
2,250
10,350
5,067
13,539
2,094
460
288
1,140
n/a
69
n/a
n/a
108
n/a
66
n/a
n/a
n/a
14
n/a
Open Skies
The proposed open skies policy remains a contentious issue as Philippine Airlines
and Cebu Pacific oppose any further liberalization of air access to the Philippines.
However, it is only Manila (NAIA) that is restricted to airlines operating under existing
bilateral arrangements.
International, alternate international and international
standard airports such as Mactan-Cebu, Kalibo, Iloilo and Bacolod-Silay are open to
international flights, whether charter or scheduled.
Map 13.1: Scheduled Air Routes to Philippines
13.2
Cabotage remains a serious concern of the major carriers, as attempts are being
made by the smaller carriers to partner with some low cost carriers (LCCs) and
use their aircraft flying into the Philippines to provide onward domestic flights.
INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Because of the diverse and fragmented nature of tourism, there are many central
government departments, local government units (LGUs), committees/councils,
national government agencies (NGAs) and non government organizations (NGOs)
that have important roles in relation to tourism
(i)
Area of Involvement
Tourism Promotion and Product Development
Environmental protection and policies for
sustainable resource use
Administrative functions for local governance
Formative educational values and discipline for
DepEd, higher level education and skills
development for CHED and TESDA
Transport policies; development and
management of airports (ATO) and seaports
(PPA); Policies on communications
Development of infrastructure (roads, bridges,
etc.)
Development of industries and businesses
Food security and sustainable utilization of
fishing resources
DOT is the central government unit responsible for the development and
promotion of tourism in the country. In addition to destination marketing, DOT
leads in the development of new products and destinations in conjunction with
related agencies that provide specific functions:
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
PROVINCIAL
GOVERNOR
PROVINCIAL TOURISM
COUNCIL
RESORTS, TRANSPORT,
ACADEME, TRAVEL
AGENCIES, RESTAURANTS,
RELIGIOUS SECTOR,
MUNICIPAL TOURISM
COUNCILS
PROVINCIAL
TOURISM
OFFICE
MUNICIPAL
MAYOR
MUNICIPAL
TOURISM
OFFICE
MUNICIPAL TOURISM
COUNCIL
TRE OPERATORS,
MANAGERS, ETC.,
RELIGIOUS SECTOR,
ACADEME, LOCAL
OFFICIALS, ABC PRESIDENT
BARANGAY TOURISM
COUNCIL
hierarchical arrangement
Provincial Tourism Offices (PTOs) and Municipal Tourism Offices (MTOs) are LGU
units that have direct involvement in tourism. The local government tourism office
(TO) primarily functions as a tourism promotion unit with responsibility for
coordinating or organizing events, representing the area at tourism road shows/fairs,
and producing collateral materials.
14.1.6 Non-Government Organizations (NGOs)
While national and local governments provide the policy framework, there are many
non-government agencies that contribute to the actual groundwork of tourism
development, particularly ecotourism. Largely working independently of government,
these organizations collaborate with each other and have secured support from
international funding sources to implement various programs.
Friends of the Flying Fox: is involved in the protection of forest areas in Aklan
and the fruit bats in Boracay Island. It seeks to protect the remaining roosting
site of the giant fruit bats in Boracay from the encroachment of development.
Associations
Various tourism associations representing either homogenous organizations or
varied representations are organized in the different areas of Central
Philippines. However, the levels of involvement and organizational
sophistication vary greatly between areas.
There are many pieces of legislation that have varying impacts on tourism but which
are not specifically enacted for the benefit of tourism alone. These include laws in
such areas as taxation, customs and immigration, transport, public safety, health,
environment and planning. Legislation in these fields is properly the responsibility of
the relevant government departments and not of the department responsible for
tourism. However, it is appropriate that the tourism sector should have a consultative
role into those aspects of legislation in other fields which impact on tourism
One of the main challenges of the DOT is that it lost its regulatory mandate in the
industry when the Local Government Code was implemented in 1991. Licensing of
tourism businesses was transferred to the local government units which do not have
the required skills for regulating the industry.
14.2.3 Environmental Legislation Pertinent to Tourism Development
Protected Areas
Almost all of the ecotourism destination sites in Central Philippines are located within
areas declared as Protected Areas (PAs) under the NIPAS Act (RA 7586).
Implementation of this Act (passed in 1992) is the responsibility of the DENR
PAWB. The law aims to protect outstanding and biologically important public lands
that are habitat to rare and endangered species of plants and animals. It has
established different categories of protected areas to include: strict nature reserves,
national parks, national monuments, wildlife sanctuaries, protected landscapes and
seascapes, resource reserves, national biotic areas and other categories established
by law, convention or international agreements to which the Philippine Government is
a signatory.
In addition Congress can enact laws declaring certain areas as Tourism Zones.
Development Issues
A number of institutional issues constrain tourism development at local level:
Tasked to manage the protected areas under the NIPAS Act are the Protected Areas
Management Boards (PAMBs), membership of which includes DENR, other
government and local government units, and local community members. To carry
out this mandate PAMBs are responsile for the formulation of protected area
management plans (GMPs) that serve as blueprints for sustainable development and
protection of the PAs.
To complement the NIPAS Act, two other environment laws were passed in 2001.
The Wildlife Act (RA 9147), which was passed to regulate the collection and trade of
wildlife species. During the same year, the National Caves and Cave Resources
Management and Protection Act (RA 9072) was also passed to conserve, protect
and manage caves and cave resources as part of natural wealth of the country.
PAMBs in many PAs are weak and ineffective in making policies, decisions and
in coordinating efforts to protect and manage the PAs.
About half of the designated PAs still do not have their respective PAMBs
established. Thus, there is no governing body at the local level to oversee the
protection and management of PAs.
The vast majority of PAMBs do not have General Management Plans (GMPs)
either because of lack of resources to undertake them or failure by the PAMB to
approve them. The net effect is that none of the PAs have approved GMPs. The
absence of approved plans and/or unclear management zoning of PAs serves to
deter tourism development.
The necessary numbers of trained people are available when and where required
Their skills standards are competitive within the ASEAN region and internationally
recognized, and
A clear career path is established for young entrants to the tourism industry.
For education and training institutions, the main challenge is the inability to comply
with the requirements of an upgraded technical skills program to meet the standards
of a quality-assured assessment and certification program in tourism.
14.3.4 Training Needs
The tourism work force acquires education and training through four modalities:
Based on the NSO Labour Force Survey of 2005, we estimate that 191,000 people
are employed in the Hotel and Restaurant sector in the Central Philippines. Making
allowance for those employed in tourism services, facilities and attractions, our
estimate of total tourism employment in the Super Region is about 350,000 jobs.
14.3.2 Skill Levels and Service Standards
We have categorized the training needs into three sectors: local government sector,
the private sector and educational/training institutions. Their respective training
needs and capability development requirements are as follows:
Local Government:
Destination planning and management
Destination marketing and promotion
Environmental management
Heritage and cultural preservation
Strengthening institution-building/linkages.
In the government sector, many officers and staff of the LGUs lack formal education
and skills training in tourism-related subjects and competencies.
14.3.3 HRD Facilities
Private Sector:
Enterprise management and marketing
Product development of local handicrafts and quality control
Vocational skills training (table waiting, front-desk etc)
Tour guiding
Home-stay
Locations where the full range of education and training facilities for tourism are
provided are shown on Table 14.2
Table 14.2: Education and Training Facilities in Central Philippines
Region
Palawan
Bicol
Western Visayas
Central Visayas
Eastern Visayas
Institution/Facility
Palawan State University
TESDA Training Centers
Aquinas University
Mariners Polytechnic Colleges
TESDA Training Centers
St. Pauls University
University of San Agustin
Central Philippines University
La Consolacion College
De La Salle College
TESDA Training Centers
University of San Jose - Recoletos
University of Cebu
San Carlos University
TESDA Training Center
TESDA Training Center
Leyte Normal University
TESDA Training Center
Location
Puerto Princesa
Puerto Princesa
Legazpi City
Legazpi City
Legazpi City
Iloilo City
Iloilo City
Iloilo City
Bacolod City
Bacolod City
Iloilo/Bacolod
Cebu City
Cebu City
Cebu City
Cebu City
Tagbilaran City
Tacloban City
Tacloban City
14.4
BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT
Compared with other countries, the Philippines has a less than friendly business
environment. According to the results of a World Bank survey undertaken in 2007,
the Philippines ranks 133rd out of 178 economies surveyed with regard to the ease of
doing business. The issues covered in the survey included starting a business,
registering property, getting credit, enforcing contracts, employing workers - all of
which affect the tourism sector.
The strategies to attain the TMP objectives were identified as being to:
DESTINATION PROMOTION
Team
Team
Team
Team
North America
Europe
Korea
Japan
Team China
Team India
Team Asia-Pacific
At provincial level not much more than the equivalent of US$5,000 is spent by
individual LGUs on marketing on an annual basis.
Private Sector
Private Sector operators undertake their own individual promotions ads in selected
print media, their web sites, participation at international travel fares. It is interesting
to note that there are very few inbound tour operators or ground tour operators
interfacing (and promoting) between the Filipino product suppliers (hotels, resorts
etc) and the foreign tour operators.
15.2.2 E-marketing and E-distribution
To date, information technology has not been given sufficient priority either in terms
of technical development or the development of in-house IT skills. This is illustrated
by poor website development and maintenance.
Various websites have been developed by the DOT, its organic units and attached
agencies, which include the wowphilppines, visitmyphilippines and pcvc.com.
The WOW Philippines Homepage is poorly presented (with many blank spaces),
provides inadequate information (for example, none of the Central Philippines golf
courses are included on the list of golf courses) and difficult to navigate (Explore
Philippines presents information on the attractions of the Philippines categorized by
the various administrative regions and provinces. This is meaningless for
international tourists, few of whom are familiar with the various administrative
regions. Tourists want information on tourist destinations).
The WOW Philippines UK, US and other sites, are also poorly presented and
developed. Although these sites give a listing of tourist destinations including
Boracay, Cebu and Palawan - very little information is provided on facilities and
attractions (no hotel listing provided, etc.). On the UK site, no information is provided
on any tourist destinations, with the exception of Boracay.
Figure 15.1: Screenshots of wowphilippines and visitmyphilippines websites.
15.3
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
For the last 15 years, a number of large-scale environmental management projects,
aimed at protecting and conserving terrestrial and marine biodiversity and
rehabilitating and enhancing coastal resources and habitats have been undertaken
by government agencies in several parts of the country led by DENR and supported
by international funding institutions.
Most PAs have only tentative management zoning and general management
plans that are still subject to review and approval by DENR. This situation makes
it difficult for tourism development planning and project implementation because
of the risk of conflicting land uses that may arise when the zoning and
management plan is finalized by the DENR.
15.4
Pollution of coastal waters and habitats due to lack of sewerage and solid waste
management systems in coastal settlements and particularly coastal urban areas
due to: pesticides runoff from upland agriculture; heavy metals from mining
wastes; soil erosion and siltation coming from denuded watersheds and sloping
agricultural lands. Pollution reduces the productivity of coastal ecosystems and
their attractiveness for tourism.
Illegal logging and wildlife hunting in some PAs remain difficult to control by
DENR. Unless these illegal acts are effectively controlled, the ecological integrity
and biodiversity of PAs are greatly threatened along with their tourism appeal.
INVESTMENT PROMOTION
Countries with a high dependency on tourism, particularly island destinations, usually
have
Range of Incentives
The range of incentives available to the tourism sector are outlined on Table 15.1
which also shows those available to manufacturing industry.
Table 15.1: Fiscal Incentives for Tourism Investment
Type of Incentive
Economic Zones
Guarantee Cover
Tax Holidays
Tourism Sector
Manufacturing Industry
Economic Zones: physical territory proclaimed by PEZA within which investors enjoy
tax and other incentives (tax holidays, tax free importation of capital equipment etc).
Although there are numerous economic zones for manufacturing industry, only
Boracay Eco-Village Resort Tourism Economic Zone and Misibis Resorts and
Estates have this status in the Central Philippines
Guarantee Cover for private sector investment: This is a very attractive incentive
which both TIDCORP and the PTA can provide to potential investors. Again, while
such guarantees are extended to manufacturing enterprises, none have been made
a available to tourism enterprises.
Investment Promotion Campaigns
There is little, if any, effort to mobilize private sector investment in tourism.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Global Market
With approximately 846 million international tourist arrivals globally in 2006, the
Philippines share is miniscule (less than half a percentage point).
Competitor Grouping
From a general perspective, the Philippines is in competition with every other tourist
destination in the world. However, from a practical perspective, the Philippines is in
competition with about a handful of destinations offering a similar type product in the
region destinations which tourists would generally regard as alternative options.
So regarded, the selected destinations in the competitor grouping is unlikely to be
misleading.
Table 16.1: Philippines Share of Competitor Grouping Market (ASEAN)
Destination
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
All
2000
466
5,064
10,222
1,992
(5.3%)
7,810
9,579
2,140
37,273
16.2
2006
1,700
4,800
17,550
2,840
(5.2)
9,750
13,820
3,600
54,060
Competitor Grouping
As shown on Table 16.2, international tourism receipts to the Philippines competitor
grouping were estimated at just over US$ 34 billion in 2005.
Over the five year period to 2005, earnings by the Philippines from international
tourism have increased by less than 5%.
Table 16.2: Philippines Share of International Tourism Receipts to ASEAN
Competitor Grouping
Destination
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
All
2005
Vietnam
2000
Thailand
Singapore
Philippines
Malaysia
Indonesia
Cambodia
0
10
12
Table 18.2: FDI and International Tourism Receipts US$M, 2000 - 2005
US$M
Country
Cambodia
Indonesia
Malaysia
Philippines
Singapore
Thailand
Vietnam
Total
NATIONAL CONTEXT
Gross Capital Formation is a measure of the extent to which new investments in
infrastructure, factories, technology, hotels etc. is taking place in the economy. On
the basis of published national statistics, the rate at which new investment was taking
place in the Filipino economy in 2005 was lower than five years earlier, as shown on
the following table.
Table 18.1: Gross Capital Formation, 2000 - 2005
International Tourism
Receipts US$M
2000
2005
304.0
840.0
4,975.0
4,521.0
5,011.0
8,543.0
2,134.0
2,236.0
5.142.0
5,740.0
7,483.0
10,108.0
1.390.0
2,220.0
26,439.0
34,102.0
Market prices
Constant prices
US$ Billion
2000
2005
16.8
14.5
16.8
10.8
% GDP
2000
2005
21.2
15.1
In contrast and with the exception of Indonesia which was affected by the tsunami
tragedy and terrorist activities, increasing flows of direct foreign investment have
been associated with increasing tourism receipts in the Philippines main competitor
destinations.
When the effects of inflation are discounted, the rate of new investment taking place
in the economy in 2005 was about two-thirds of the rate of five years earlier. By
contrast, Gross Capital Formation as a proportion of GDP is 31.6% in Thailand and
35% in Vietnam.
18.2
18.3
Foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an increasingly important role in the global
economy and has a significant impact on the domestic economy and its tourism
industry.
A recently published study3 analysing the link between FDI and tourism in the host
country found empirical evidence supporting the view that increasing FDI is
associated with increasing international tourism.
The study also found evidence that the direction of the causality is one way - from
FDI to tourism, - and not the other way round.
As shown on Table 18.2, FDI to the Philippines declined by 50% over the five year
period 2000 to 2005 and was associated with static earnings from international
tourism.
The relationship between Foreign Direct Investment and Tourism: Empirical Evidence from China; Tang,
Selvarthan et al, Tourism Economics, March, 2007
PART IV
PLANNING FRAMEWORK
20.
21.
22.
THE VISION
Based on consultations with provincial tourism officers, planners, and representatives
from the tourism industry throughout Central Philippines, a vision statement was
formulated:
The Central Philippines will be a significant destination that offers direct
international access, seamless interconnectivity, world-class tourist facilities and
products that meets the demands of tomorrows tourist. The Central Philippines will
achieve these through the sustainable development of tourism products,
environmental protection and enhancement, underpinned by adequate infrastructure
with rational management of the destinations, capacity building, investment
promotion and effective marketing and an improved business environment.
Figure 20.1: Ideal Tourism Destination in Central Philippines
20.2
THE CHALLENGE
key
Making this vision for tourism development a reality by 2016, means putting in place the
factors which create tourism destination, viz.
Direct International Access Presently, the Central Philippines only has the Mactan-Cebu
International Airport in Metro Cebu with regular flights from abroad. Kalibo in Aklan and Puerto
Princesa in Palawan are designated alternate international airports. Having more international
flights to more international gateways will open up more destinations in Central Philippines.
Seamless Interconnectivity Having over two thousand islands instead of a contiguous land
mass is the access transport challenge. This will be met by the development of a seamless
interconnected transport network consisting of interconnected roads, airports and seaports and
Roll-On Roll-Off (RO RO) seaports to facilitate fast and efficient inter-island travel.
World Class Facilities and Products Although there are a number of world class facilities
and products in the region, they are located either near big cities such as Metro Cebu or widely
dispersed as in Northern Palawan. Moreover, there is insufficient product and facilities. The
aim is to develop world class integrated resorts and facilities in a number of tourism areas
throughout the region, capable of being promoted as stand-alone destinations in the market
place. These destinations areas will have their own character and provide a variety of things tosee-and-do. A range of accommodation will be provided, from large scale resorts to boutique
hotels and individual guest houses.
Sustainable Tourism Product Development Sustainable development will allow
development to take place without degrading or depleting the resources which make their
development possible. It means that the natural, cultural and other tourism resources are
conserved and enhanced for continuous use in the future, while at the same time, benefiting
society.
Capacity Building The main beneficiaries from any tourism activity must be the local
communities where the tourism activity takes place. Tourism must provide employment and
livelihood opportunities to local people. Human resource development means providing the
local governments and communities with knowledge and skills to manage their tourism
resources to their benefit.
Infrastructure Development to Attract Investment Many areas have infrastructure gaps in
respect of not just transport-related infrastructure but also utility systems such as clean water
supply, power generation, sewage treatment and solid waste management. Closing these
infrastructure gaps is a necessary pre-condition to attracting private sector investment to the
tourism sector.
Marketing Connectivity Increased demand, in tourism as well as in any other industry,
cannot rely solely on having a product of the right kind and quality, on a market-led pricing
policy and on an effective distribution network. What is also essential is systematic promotion to
potential tourists and trade intermediaries (tour operators, travel agents) bridging the gap
between the tourism product supplier (the hotelier, resort) and the potential visitor.
Improved Business Environment Currently it is difficult to do business. Regulations are very
bureaucratic; restrictions on foreign ownership discourages direct foreign investment;
uncertainty with regard to the status of PAMB plans also constrains investment. Improving the
business environment will involve addressing these issues along with providing greater
incentives to attract investment.
20.3
Camiguin Island and Siargao Island did not meet the criteria for TDCs, they were
designated Tourism Development Areas.
PLANNING CONCEPTS
The planning concepts used to elaborate the vision for the development of the
Central Philippines Super Region are:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
TOURISM CLUSTER
GATEWAY TO TOURISM
CLUSTER
TOURISM
SITE
As part of the study fieldwork, a large number of Tourism Sites (TSs) were
identified. These TSs comprise significant natural and cultural heritage sites, areas
of attractive landscape, areas where activities take place and key sites for tourism
development.
21.1.2 Tourism Development Clusters (TDCs)
The criteria used to identify and delineate the tourism clusters were:
existence of a sufficient number and range of tourism sites (TSs) with capacity
to meet long term development possibilities
topographical features; contiguousness of land masses
geographical size large enough to contain extensive range of potential tourism
products/experiences
location of gateway centres and cities
location of significant brand/unique features and/or world class attractions
robust, sustainable environmental base
access transport linkages/connectivity.
Cluster
Ref
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Designation
Provinces/Cities
Cluster 3
Cluster 4
Cluster 5
Cluster 6
Cluster 7
Bicol
Cluster 8
Cluster 9
North Palawan
South Palawan
Gateway
Kalibo, Caticlan
Iloilo, Bacolod
Cebu
Tagbilaran
Dumaguete
Tacloban
Legazpi
Puerto Princesa
Puerto Princesa
A Tourism Development Area consists of at least one, but more usually several
Tourism Sites (TSs). A TDA can either have considerable existing tourism activity
or have the potential for significant tourism development.
By virtue of a
combination of attractions, facilities and amenities which meet tourists interests
and needs, TDAs provide the operational focus for the development of tourism
within the various Tourism Development Clusters. Although TDAs are not limited
by geographical size, their boundaries correspond to administrative units
barangay, municipality or province, depending on size.
From this evaluation exercise, 18 TDAs were designated priority TDAs as having
significant development potential in the short/medium term.
Table 21.2: Identified Tourism Development Areas (TDAs)
Cluster
Cluster 1
The North Panay
Romblon
topography
natural attractions/environment
access transport linkages/connectivity
range of things-to-see-and-do
existence of infrastructure
spatial relationships of the various TSs.
Cluster 2
The South Panay
Negros Occidental
Cluster 3:
Cebu Island
Cluster 4:
Bohol Island
Priority TDAs
It is acknowledged that some of the TDAs will take many years to develop for a
variety of reasons infrastructure gaps, inadequate connectivity etc. Recognising
this, the TDAs were evaluated in order to determine the strongest to take forward to
the strategic level, the key criteria being:
market attractiveness
environmental quality and its sustainability
potential for product development
quality of infrastructure
quality of connectivity
availability of land for development
carrying capacity of TSs.
Cluster 5:
The Negros
Oriental - Siquijor
Cluster 6
Leyte - Samar
Cluster 7
Bicol
Cluster 8
North Palawan
Cluster 9
South Palawan
North Mindanao
TDA
Refr
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
8.1
8.2
8.3
9.1
9.2
9.3
10.0
11.0
12.0
Province
Aklan
Romblon
Romblon
Romblon
Romblon
Romblon
Antique
Iloilo and Guimaras
Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental
Negros Occidental
Iloilo
Negros Occidental
Iloilo and Antique
Cebu
Cebu
Cebu
Cebu
Cebu
Bohol
Bohol
Bohol
Negros Oriental
Siquijor
Negros Oriental
Eastern Samar
Western Leyte
Leyte & Biliran
Eastern Samar
Southern Leyte
Northern Samar
Camarines Norte
Camarines Sur
Camarines Sur
Camarines Sur
Camarines Sur
Albay & Sorsogon
Sorsogon
Palawan
Palawan
Palawan
Palawan
Palawan
Palawan
Zamboanga del Norte
Camiguin
Surigao del Norte
Cities/Municipalities/Islands
Boracay Island and Caticlan
Carabao Island (San Jose)
Looc-Alcantara-Santa Fe, Tablas Island
Northeast Tablas Island
Romblon Island
Sibuyan Island
Pandan Culasi Tiblao
Metro Iloilo and Guimaras island
Bacolod City Silay City
Northeast Coast Area.
Mount Kanlaon & Northern Negros Forest Reserve
Northeast Panay Area,
Southern Area of Negros Occidental
Southern Area of Iloilo and Antique
Metro Cebu, Mactan Island and Olango Island
Sogod
Bantayan Island and Malapascua Island
Camotes Islands
Southern Area of Cebu
Tagbilaran City, Panglao Island
Jagna to Anda (Southeast)
Tubigon to Jetafe (Northwest)
Dumaguete Sibulan Tambobo Bay
Siquijor Island
Bais Bay Area
Guiuan Area
Ormoc Area
North Leyte Biliran Area
Southeastern Samar Island
Sogod Bay Area
Catarman Allen Area
Daet San Miguel Bay Area
Naga City Pili Area
Sabang Sagnay Area
Caramoan Peninsula
Iriga City Area
Albay Sorsogon Area
Southern Sorsogon Area
Calamianes Islands
El Nido Taytay Area
San Vicente Roxas Area
Puerto Princesa City
Quezon, Aborlan, Brookes Point
Balabac Islands
Dapitan
Camiguin Island
Siargao Island
Priority
TDAs
65
SDAs with ratings above a cut-off point were designaed Priority SDAs while those
that didnt reach this cut-off point were designated Emerging SDAs.
The priority SDAs are the areas which offer the best tourism potential in the
short/medium term. This does not mean that development will not take place outside
of these SDAs. It will. But in a situation of limited resources, the priority SDAs are
the areas where it is considered that investment will be most productive and give the
best rate of return.
The five Priority SDAs and their ranking are:
Strategic Destination Area C Cebu/Sogod - Ranked 1st
TDA 3.1 (Metro Cebu), TDA 3.2 (Sogod), & TDA 3.3 (North Islands)
Priority SDAs
The
criteria
used
for
TDA 1.4 Northeast Tablas Island, San Agustin, Tablas Island, Romblon
Province
The town of San Agustin, which is set amidst rugged mountains, has a port with boat
connections to Romblon Island. Aside from the Dubduban Busay Waterfalls, the
surrounding waters are good for fishing and yachting.
The main seaport of Tablas Island is in Odiongan. The Odiongan seaport has ferry
connections to Batangas City on Luzon Island and also to Boracay Island.
TDA 1.5 Romblon Island, Romblon Province
Romblon town is the capital of Romblon Province and has a seaport with ferryboat
services to and from Metro Manila. The seaport also has ferry connections to Lucena
City in Luzon and Cebu City in Cebu. There are regular boat services between the
three main islands of Romblon Province. There are also regular boat services to and
from remote Banton Island on the north.
Romblon Island is a nature and adventure destination but is also known for its
patrimony historical churches, old Spanish forts, etc.
TDA 1.6 Sibuyan Island, Romblon Province
Sibuyan Island is a nature and adventure tourist destination. It has the Mount
Guiting-Guiting mountain range (2,058 meters at its highest elevation), waterfalls and
clear rivers. The Mount Guiting-Guiting Natural Park has some of the best preserved
forests in the Philippines containing diverse flora and fauna.
Sibuyan Island has a port in Magdiwang with ferry connections to Lucena City on
Luzon and Cebu City in Cebu.
TDA 1.7 Pandan Culasi Tibiao Area, Antique Province
This area in the province of Antique has become an add-on attraction offered to
Boracay visitors, particularly white water rafting in Tibiao River. This TDA is
accessible from Manila via the Caticlan Airport in Malay, Aklan (or even Kalibo
Airport) rather than through the Iloilo Airport. Flights to the airport at the Provincial
Capital, San Jose de Buenavista from Manila have been discontinued for over a year
now.
22.2
In the 24,600 hectare Mount Kanlaon Nature Park is Mount Kanlaon which, at 2,460
meters, is the highest peak in the Visayas. It is one of six volcanoes in the Negros
Volcanic Belt.
About 20 kilometres east of Bacolod City (north of the Mount Kanlaon Nature Park) is
the 86,600-hectare Northern Negros Forest Reserve.
TDA 2.5 Northeast Panay Area, north-eastern municipalities of Iloilo Province
Few tourism developments of significance are located on the beaches and islands on
the north-eastern part of Panay Island.
TDA 2.6 The Sipalay City Area, Negros Occidental Province
Since Sipalay is situated about 200 kilometres from both Bacolod City in Negros
Occidental and Dumaguete City in Negros Oriental, it can be reached from either of
the two gateways. However, connectivity is poor.
Sipalay has long white sand beach areas, coral reefs, wreck dive sites and
accessible off-shore islands. Three kilometers off the west coast of Negros
Occidental (north-west of Sipalay) is the Danjugan Island Marine Reserve and
Wildlife Sanctuary. The Sanctuary has a range of diverse natural features such as
dense forests, limestone hills, five lagoons encircled by mangroves, several caves
and beaches and is home to 68 species of birds and 240 species of coral.
TDA 2.7 The South Panay Area, Iloilo and Antique Provinces
The southern area of Panay Island comprising the municipalities of Tigbauan,
Guimbal, Miag-ao, and San Joaquin in Iloilo Province, and the southern Antique town
of Anini-y have varied attractions such as old churches, scenic landscapes and
seascapes, and scuba diving sites. Just off shore of Anini-y is Nogas Island, known
for its marine sanctuary.
The sites are accessible from Iloilo City and can be reached by land over generally
good roads. However, paving of the southern most section of the road between San
Joaquin in Iloilo and Anini-y in Antique is long overdue.
Determination of Cluster 2 Strategic Destination Area
The TDAs were assessed according to the Criteria in Chapter 21, Framework for
Tourism Planning, and the strongest (TDAs 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) along with TDA 2.4
selected to form the Strategic Destination Area (SDA B) for this cluster.
22.3
22.4
22.5
Bais Bay and Taon Strait offer opportunities for dolphin and whale watching, with
Bais City (40 kilometres north of Dumaguete City) the service centre for touring.
With its airport and seaport, the provincial capital Dumaguete City is the main
gateway for tourists visiting the province.
Bais Bay also has several islands with mangrove forests that have become the
habitat for various bird species.
About 20 kilometres north-west from Dumaguete City is the Twin Lakes National
Park in Sibulan municipality. The National Park is 1,200 meters above sea level and
contains the Twin Lakes (Balinsasayaw and Danao) and a forest of about 3,500
hectares with a diverse collection of flora and fauna within its boundaries.
77
22.6
The municipality of Malitbog contains heritage attractions which include the Santo
Nio Parish Church (1857) made of coral blocks, the watchtower (1862) and Villa
Margarita (1922).
TDA 6.6 Catarman-Allen Area, Northern Samar Province
With its airport, Catarman is the gateway to Northern Samar.
Attractions in and around Tacloban City include the Santo Nio Shrine and Heritage
Center, the Leyte Landing Memorial in Palo and other sites related to Gen.
McArthurs landing during World War II.
North-west of Catarman is the marine protected area of Biri, Las Rosas Islands
which has good snorkelling and dive sites.
Also in this area is the Sohoton Natural Bridge National Park across the San Juanico
Strait from Tacloban City in Samar, which contains a complex of caves, a forest and
rivers.
At the north-western tip of Northern Samar is the municipality of Allen which has a
port with regular boat services to Cluster 7 and the rest of Luzon. Allen is also a
gateway to TDA 6.6 (and the rest of Northern Samar).
The TDAs were assessed according to the criteria described in Chapter 21,
Framework for Tourism Planning, and the strongest (TDAs 6.1 and 6.4) selected to
form the Strategic Destination Area (SDA F) for this cluster.
79
22.7
About a 1 hour journey from Legazpi City is the municipality of Donsol, which has
whale shark (butanding) interaction as its main attraction. Donsol is also a dive base
and access point to dive sites in Ticao Island (Masbate Province). The Butanding
Festival is usually held in mid-April.
TDA 7.7 Mount Bulusan Area, Sorsogon Province
Naga City, is the main commercial centre in the Bicol region and together with the
municipality of Pili, site of the present airport.
Pili is the site of the Camsur Water Sports Complex (CWC), a major
wakeboarding/wakeskating/kneeboarding/waterskiing destination.
At the southern tip of TDA 7.7 and the rest of Cluster 7 is the municipality of Matnog.
It has a RO-RO port with ferry services to Allen, Northern Samar in Cluster 6.
Mount Isarog is a major nature area that hosts many activities including trekking and
mountain climbing.
The TDAs were assessed according to the criteria described in Chapter 21,
Framework for Tourism Planning, and the strongest (TDAs 7.2, and 7.6) along with
TDA 7.5 selected to form the Strategic Destination Area (SDA G) for this cluster.
81
22.8
Most of the small tourism establishments in El Nido are located in the Poblacion. A
few kilometres north is Villa Libertad where the only airstrip (owned by Ten Knots
Development Corporation) in the area is located.
The three kilometres Nacpan Beach, facing Base Bay, has the longest and best
white sand beach on the west coast of the El Nido mainland. It is presently
undeveloped.
The Malampaya Bay area is one of the richest fishing grounds in the Philippines.
Dolphin watching is an attraction in Malampaya Sound, along with other activities
such as yachting, cruising and coastal/ river explorations.
TDA 8.3 San Vicente-Roxas Area, Palawan Province
With an airport currently under construction, San Vicente will become a major
gateway to northern Palawan.
Port Barton serves as the centre for diving and island hopping activities in the area.
83
22.9
85
Dapitan City is known as the place of exile of the national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal, from
1892 to 1896. Many historical attractions (such as the Rizal Museum at Talisay, the
old church, the plaza) are associated with Jose Rizals stay in Dapitan. Dapitan has
an attractive beach with fine sand and a white sand island with good coral (Aliguay
Island) just 45 minutes off-shore.
The main seaport of TDA 10 is Palauan Seaport which has regular ferry connections
to Dumaguete City in Negros Oriental and Cebu City in Cebu. There are also weekly
boat services to/ from Manila.
The main airport is in Dipolog City which has regular connections to Manila by
Philippine Airlines and Cebu Pacific.
Dipolog City consists of 13,628 hectares of diverse landscape, including a long
coastline, hills, valleys and mountains. Attractions include the 344 hectare Cogon
Nature Park, the Sungkilaw Falls and the Linabo Peak. It also has hotels, beach
resorts and other attractions.
With an area of 256 square kilometres, the island of Camiguin consists of five
municipalities. The island has several volcanoes which provide a distinct feature to
the landscape. Camiguin has an airstrip at Mambajao with regular flights to/from
Cebu City. SeaAir flies 19 seater planes three times weekly.
However, access remains problematic. Tourists coming directly from Manila have to
fly to Cagayan de Oro City, travel 88 kilometers by land to Balingoan and then take a
45 minute journey by ferry to Benoni Wharf in Mahinog municipality or Guinsiliban
pier. Poor access from source markets is one of the main reasons for the lack of
tourism.
The coastal area of Mambajao has beaches for swimming and snorkelling as well as
a number of dive sites. White Island (actually, a white sand bar) is the most
frequented beach destination in the province. Trekking in Camiguins volcanoes and
mountains is a popular activity. The Mabajao Area has hot and cold springs, and
waterfalls.
In the northern portion of Catarman municipality are the ruins of a Spanish Church
and a sunken cemetery.
23.
24.
25.
26.
23.2
Looking to the future, and taking into account the rapidly expanding Chinese market
for travel, international stay-over tourism to South-East Asia is likely to grow at
between 7% and 10% yearly.
However, US overseas travel (i.e. excluding Mexico and Canada) is more buoyant.
In 2006 just over 30m overseas trips were made by US residents up 12% since
2000. US travel to Asia is the fastest growing segment, the major destinations being
Japan and China (Peoples Republic).
MARKET OPPORTUNITIES
23.2.1 Europe
Almost 90% of total European outbound trips are for destinations in Europe and other
Mediterranean countries. However, as reported at the Pisa Forum 20066 demand
among Europeans for long haul destinations has picked up sharply, with Asia
benefiting the most.
In 2005, European8 tourist arrivals to ASEAN amounted to just under 5.3 million,
representing about 10% of total international (including intra ASEAN) tourist arrivals
to the region. Currently, the Philippines share of the European market is about 5%.
The main traditional European source markets for the Philippines are: UK, Germany,
France, Switzerland and Italy with the main emerging market being Russia.
USA
Based on the US Dept. of Commerce statistics, total outbound travel by US residents
was just under 64 million trips in 2006, marginally up on the previous year. Since
2000, US travel abroad has only increased by about 0.5% annually.
US travel to the Philippines competitor grouping has increased since 2001/2, but still
below the 2000 peak figure of just under 1.7 million trips.
Table 23.1: US Travel to ASEAN
Destination
2000
Cambodia
n/a
Indonesia
161
Malaysia
107
Philippines
457 (27%)
Singapore
457
Thailand
376
Vietnam
107
ASEAN
1,665
Asia
4,914
Source: US Dept. of Commerce
2006
n/a
50
121
271 (18%)
422
482
181
1,527
6,271
23.2.3 Asia
Results from the Asian Travel Monitor, (part of IPK Internationals World Travel
Monitor), concur with data gathered by the Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA),
which shows that Asia is the fastest growing outbound source region in the world. In
2005, the top eight markets alone generated some 64 million trips and 545 million
overnights, resulting in a total spend of US$135 billion.
Japan is the regions major source market, followed by China and South Korea.
Table 23.2: Philippines Share of ASEAN Markets
Market
Intra-Asian travel accounts for the highest share of all trips (71%). Europe takes
second place in the destinations ranking with a 16% share, ahead of America with
12%.
Figure 23.1: Asian Outbound Travel by Region, 2005
Africa 1%
Europe 16%
Japan
Chinaa
South Korea
Taiwan
Singapore
India
Malaysia
Thailand
Hong Kong
ASEAN
PhP % Share
Total Abroad To ASEAN
2
14
1
5
6
23
1
8
*
n/a
*
2
*
n/a
*
n/a
n/a
10
n/a
1
America 12%
With the sole exception of South Korea, the Philippines gets a negligible share of
total outbound travel from these major source markets. However, when travel from
these major source markets to ASEAN is considered, the Philippines performs well in
the context of its competitor grouping, achieving significant shares of the Korean,
Japanese, Hong Kong and Taiwanese markets.
Asia 71%
Source: IPK Internationals Asian Travel Monitor
23.2.3 Australia
Of the total trip volume, holidays account for more than two thirds (65%), with other
leisure travel (including VFR) generating a 24% share and business travel 11%.
The favourite types of holidays involve touring (44%) travelling to several different
destinations followed by city breaks (13%) and sun and beach trips (13%).
PRODUCT OPPORTUNITIES
23.3.1 Cruise
Cruise has been one of the fastest growing tourism products in recent times. Since
1980 the cruise industry has experienced an average passenger growth rate of 8.5%
yearly. With the expansion of the cruise fleet, passenger numbers are expected to
have reached 15 million worldwide in 2006 (compared with 13.8 million in 2000) and
20 million by 2012.
Cruise ships range in size from the small discovery type with 100 to 300 passengers
to the large Genesis class with 5,400 passengers and 1,500 crew. Medium sized
cruise ships have 2,000 to 3,000 passenger capacity in addition to 750 to 1,000 crew
on board.
The value of the cruise ship product can be important to a destination for a number of
reasons:
passenger and port charges
uplift of water, provisions and fuel
spending by passengers on-shore
- shopping, visits to eco-tourism sites, tours
overcomes accommodation supply problems at destination
many tourists use a cruise ship trip to get initial impressions of possible
destinations for a future (longer) vacation stay.
facilities in the South-East Asia such as Thailand. Malaysia and India are also fast
developing this segment of the tourism industry.
23.3.6 Theme/Amusement Park
A major world class theme/amusement park and its associated hotels would draw
very large numbers of domestic and foreign tourists every year, create thousands of
new jobs, grow the service sector in the Super Region and enhance the Philippines
image internationally.
The Central Philippines (and the Philippines as a whole) has the population size to
support such a park. It would have to be located at a major gateway Cebu being
the obvious option to facilitate both domestic and international access. Based on
experience elsewhere, a theme/amusement park could attract up to ten million
admissions annually, create some 10,000 jobs at full build-out, and generate
considerable off-site benefits hotel stays, tours, shopping etc.
With its myriad of islands and variety of natural attractions, the Central Philippines
has the potential to be Asias primary cruise area. Although Manila receives cruise
ship calls, the product is undeveloped both nationally and in the Central Philippines
principally due to the limitations of port facilities.
23.3.2 Yachting/Sailing
ONLINE TRAVEL
Today, many people want to buy property in vacation destinations rather than to rent
villas, condos, etc. These buyers are from the USA, Europe, and Asia. Reflecting
this, the major investments are now in residential property developments. For
example, both Malaysia and Thailand are actively promoting the sale of properties at
prime tourist destinations to foreigners Malaysia, My Second Home and Phuket
Ocean Villas Properties are just two of many real estate agencies offering properties
to foreigners.
As reported in IPK Internationals European Travel Monitor, use of the Internet for
online booking as opposed to simply looking gathering information prior to booking
a trip is growing very fast especially for flights and accommodation. This means
that more than one third of total outbound trip volume from the major European
source markets now involves online booking for at least part of the trip. The
equivalent share was just 19% in 2003.
As might be expected, the Internet is used most for the purchase of airline tickets,
followed by accommodation.
23.3.4 Retirees
Allied to the real estate/residential segment of the market are the retirees. This is a
fast growing market as populations in Japan and many European countries are
aging fast. The growth of retirement villages attests to this trend.
100
In Total
Via Internet
80
23.7
CUSTOMER TRENDS
International tourism markets are facing unprecedented change because of
increasing affluence, demographic shifts, changing lifestyle values and rapidly
evolving technologies. This changing profile of customers makes it difficult to
determine the pattern of future tastes and preferences. The increasing complexity of
the market makes the concept of the typical or average tourist of little practical use
for tourism planning purposes.
Some characteristics of tomorrows customer provide pointers for the Central
Philippines as to their needs:
60
they are increasingly using the Internet to get information on destinations and
make bookings, rather than the traditional retail travel agent
- looking for value-for-money and transparent cost structures
- want more control in organising their trips and customise their own travel
plans
they are better educated, more discerning and look for fulfilling experiences as
well as relaxation
- responsible tourism becoming increasingly important and determining choice
of holiday and destination
- concepts of nature versus beach holiday; activity versus relaxation holiday;
touring versus resort holiday are obsolete. It is the capacity of a destination to
provide a range of fulfilling experiences that is determining choice
they are much less concerned about which destination they visit and less loyal
to destinations than they ever were in the past and much more interested in the
tourism products and experiences on offer
they want authenticity more interaction with local people and a more emotional
and cultural link to the people and communities they visit.
40
20
0
Accomm
Flight
Ferry
Train
Others
This has important implications for the Central Philippines Super Region (and for the
Philippines as a whole) in its approach to destination marketing.
23.5
23.6
PIVOTAL ASSUMPTIONS
21.2
transport connectivity
- transport services to and within the region
environmental sustainability
- increased environment protection and enhancement
the tourism business environment
- investment incentives, planning processes
destination marketing
- adequate funds, web site development
new product development
- increased range, high value-added.
A range of possibilities arise in considering future growth scenarios for tourism to the
Central Philippines. At one extreme is a:
low growth scenario which can be interpreted as to what would be likely to
happen if no initiatives are undertaken and tourism development continues to be
constrained by the existing shortcomings in respect of the infrastructure, utilities,
non-conducive investment climate, environmental planning etc.
high growth scenario which can be seen as the rate at which tourism could
expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in developing
the necessary economic infrastructure, facilities and services, coupled with
significant improvements in the business environment and sector management.
Between these two extremes, a number of other scenarios can be considered, each
reflecting different levels of investment in infrastructure, facilities and services etc.
Foreign
Balikbayan
19%
3%
78%
24.3
24.4
The high growth scenario represents major change involving not just a massive
investment infrastructure program, estimated at just under Php 30 billion in the five
priority SDAs, but also significant improvements in the business climate,
environmental protection and enhancement, destination marketing and sector
management. The outcome is a projected growth in total tourist arrivals from just
over 4.5 million in 2006 to almost 11.5 million by 2016, representing an average
growth rate of 10% yearly over the period.
Domestic
Foreign
Balikbayan
2%
31%
BASE LINE
67%
B.
TOTAL
575
960
1,250
220
190
3,195
1,359
4,554
DOM
585
1,360
1,260
280
295
3,780
2,040
5,820
TOTAL
900
1,555
2,040
365
380
5,240
2,200
7,440
DOM
930
1,750
2,010
520
435
5,645
2,040
7,685
TOTAL
1,750
2,020
4,020
780
700
9,270
2,200
11,470
C.
DOM
358
835
772
170
140
2,275
1,248
3,523
25.1
25.1.1 Overview
This SDA is comprised of the two TDAs:
TDA 1.1 (Boracay Island and portions of Malay and Nabas Municipalities).
TDA 1.2 (Carabao Island)
Because of the unique quality of its beach, Boracay is one of the Central Philippines
more successful tourism destinations in terms of development and market
attractiveness. However, due to the relatively small size of the island coupled with
the fragility of its eco-system any significant development puts great pressure on the
environment. There is a need therefore to rationalize the development of the island to
ensure the sustainability of the tourism industry. A Comprehensive Land Use Plan
(CLUP) is currently being developed for Boracay Island.
Carabao Island to the north has had very limited development to date but has the
potential to become a major resort development to absorb much of the increasing
numbers of visitors to the area.
25.1.2 Tourism Resources and Access Transport
Environmental Resources
Boracay has some of the best beaches in the Philippines; also has a diversity of
coral reefs.
Carabao has fine white sand beaches, intact coral reefs and good mangrove
cover.
Culture Heritage
A good mix of resorts, restaurants, shops and night time entertainment along the
west coast of Boracay.
Excellent water sports on offer (sail boats, jet-skis, kayaks, parasailing etc) as
well as diving (has 26 dive centers) on Boracay Island.
Good windsurfing conditions on the east coast of Boracay Island
Championship Golf at the Fairways and Blue Waters resort on Boracay.
Horse riding on Boracay.
Access Transport
Transport Infrastructure
Kalibo Airport is the main gateway to the area. Funds for the improvement of the
Kalibo Airport, including the installation of an instrument landing system, have
already been allocated by DOTC.
Caticlan airport and the Jetty port situated on the mainland of Malay Municipality
provide the gateway points to Boracay Island. Caticlans capacity to facilitate
more flights is limited by short runway and topography of airport site.
On Boracay, a narrow road connects the main seaport at the southern tip at
Cagban Beach to the northern tip at Yapak main vehicular traffic are tricycles
and multi cabs.
Carabao Island presently has a network of narrow concrete roads suitable for
bicycles and motorcycles but inadequate for motor vehicles.
Other Infrastructure
Power generation in Boracay and Carabao can only meet current demand.
Limited sewage network on Boracay. (Although a central sewage treatment plant
is operated by the PTA, some resorts refuse to connect because they dont want
to pay the service charge). Carabao has no sewage network.
Water supply systems can only meet current demand on both islands.
Significant solid waste management problems on Boracay.
Current Developments
The 300 room Shangri-La Hotel is currently under construction at the northern
end of Boracay this development will attract higher end tourists.
100 room hotel Seraph currently under construction.
Number of small scale resorts (15 to 20 rooms) being developed by Korean
investors.
Many of the existing resorts on Boracay are either adding rooms or renovating
(e.g., Discovery Shores, Waling-Waling, Asya, Crown Regency).
Infrastructure improvements on Kalibo Airport and Caticlan Seaport
Proposed Developments
A new airport with a 2.5 kilometer runway on the northern part of Carabao Island
(estimated cost of more than Php 3 billion) is proposed this is a key
infrastructure project that would permit direct international (chartered) flights from
Korea and cities in China.
Proposals are currently being considered for a major resort development for
Carabao Island including hotels, villas and golf course.
Private sector investor proposal to develop and operate Caticlan airport, involving
extension of runway, new passenger terminal etc.
Boracay highly developed holiday resort and well known internationally and
domestically.
Good range of tourism products
Carabao Island good beaches, considerable potential for major resort
development.
Adequate air, land and sea access services.
Tourism operators well organised
- Boracay Foundation Inc; Boracay Chamber of Commerce; Boracay
Association of Resorts, Restaurants and Allied Industries.
Opportunities
Weaknesses
Threats
could expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in
developing the necessary supporting infrastructure, facilities and services,
coupled with significant improvements in the enabling environment and sector
management.
These growth scenarios are illustrated on the accompanying figures. Under the high
growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to increase from
575,000 in 2006 to 1,750,000 in 2016, representing a growth rate of about 13%
yearly. Reflecting this growth, demand for accommodation is projected to expand
from 4,000 rooms at present to about 12,000 in 2016.
Under the low growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to
increase by about 5% yearly, with demand for accommodation increasing to about
6,000 rooms by 2016.
25.1.8 Development Strategy
To achieve the high growth development scenario, the following strategic
initiatives will need to be put in place:
62%
2006
Domestic
Foreign
Balikbayan
5%
42%
53%
2016
Enforce municipal zoning of the island and issue guidelines and standards for
tourism development.
Strictly enforce EIA system for all new development projects and monitor
compliance of these projects to ECC conditionalities.
Implement Solid Waste Management System in all barangays of Boracay and
Carabao islands as required by RA 9003.
Regulate tricycles on Boracay to minimise noise and air pollution.
Prosecute those violating environmental laws and regulation.
Bird sanctuary on Boracay.
Community Involvement
12000
7000
4000
2006
2011
Legend
Boracay
Carabao
2016
Capacity building for LGU officials in Carabao in destination planning and sector
management.
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Priority
Key:
B
A
A
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
C
SDA
Name of Project/Location
Type of Project
A
A
A
A
National Road
Environmental
Power Generation
Power Transmission
Sanitary Landfill
140
A
A
Estimated Cost
(PhP Million)
190
800
2,545
800
Airport
Sanitary Landfill
(50)
(140)
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Sector Management
Environmental Protection & Enhancement (Bird Sanctuary)
Community Involvement
Human Resource Development for LGUs
Carabao Island Electrification Program
Boracay Island Water Supply
San Jose Airport, northern part of Carabao Island
San Jose Seaport and Terminal, north-east part of Carabao Island
Upgrading and construction of new roads on Carabao Island (30 kms)
Marketing
Environment
Community
HRD
Power Transmission
Water
Airport
Seaport
Road
7*
4
1*
2*
180
700
3,030
40
240
Priority B - 3 to 5 years:
Priority C - 6 to 10 years:
Implementing
Agency
DPWH
LGUs
PNOC-EDC
National Power Corp
Malay Municipal
Government
DOTC
Romblon Provincial
Government
DOT
DENR, LGU, DOT
DOT
DAP
Private Developer
Private Sector
Private Developer
Private Developer
Private Developer
Priority
Status
Source Funding
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Under
Implementation
Planned
Proposed
None
None
None
None
LGU
B
A
A
A
A
Allocated
None
A
B
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
A
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
B
25.2
SDA B: ILOILO/GUIMARAS/BACOLOD
25.2.1 Overview
This SDA is comprised of the four TDAs:
Metro Iloilo and Bacolod serve as major gateways, tourist service areas and
business destinations. Although Metro Iloilo has a small number of tourist sites, its
location (close to Guimaras) makes the city an ideal base for the tourists visiting the
region. Bacolod is primarily a business centre.
Based on the islands natural resources, Guimaras has the potential to become an
important tourist destination in its own right. Northern Negros Occidental has a
number of interesting nature and heritage sites.
25.2.2 Tourism Resources and Access Transport
Environmental Resources
Active and inactive volcanoes, lowland dipterocarp forest, montane and mossy
forest with endangered and endemic wildlife species of birds and mammals.
Two National Parks (Mt. Kanlaon and Northern Negros Forest Reserve).
Taklong Island Marine Reserve and other small islands with diverse fringing
reefs.
Fine white beaches, diverse marine life, coral islets, caves, waterfalls and natural
springs.
Mango plantations.
Cultural Heritage
Access Transport
Transport Infrastructure
Other Infrastructure
Opportunities
Two new international standard airports (Sta. Barbara and Silay City) provide
improved access.
Waterfront development opportunities in Iloilo.
Potential for mountain-based tourism and forest recreation.
Current Developments
Weaknesses
Proposed Developments
Current tourist arrivals are mainly Korean, European, Balikbayan and domestic.
The current product/markets for all four TDAs are:
- MICE
- cultural heritage
Threats
A range of possibilities arise in considering future growth scenarios for tourism to this
SDA. At one extreme is a:
low growth scenario which can be interpreted as to what would be likely to
8%
5%
87%
2006
high growth scenario which can be seen as the rate at which the tourism sector
Domestic
could expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in
developing the necessary supporting infrastructure, facilities and services,
coupled with significant improvements in the enabling environment and sector
management.
Foreign
Balikbayan
These growth scenarios are illustrated on the accompanying figures. Under the high
growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to increase from
960,000 in 2006 to 2,020,000 in 2016, representing a growth rate of about 8% yearly.
Reflecting this growth, demand for accommodation is projected to expand from 4,000
rooms at present to about 12,000 in 2016.
8%
5%
87%
2016
Under the low growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to
increase by about 5% yearly, with demand for accommodation increasing to about
9,500 rooms by 2016.
25.2.8 Development Strategy
To achieve the high growth development scenario, the following strategic initiatives
will need to be put in place:
Develop old airport in Iloilo City for large mixed used development incorporating
facilities for conventions, conferences, exhibits etc.
Upgrade Metro Iloilo seaport/waterfront area including the river as a tourism
resource.
Restore Iloilo City Port area heritage buildings to become part of tourism product.
Improve access to Guimaras.
Upgrade status of airports to international classification.
Implement environmental safeguards
- increase protection for national parks
- establish sanitary landfill sites
Improve water supply distribution.
Develop image and promote as Iloilo/Guimaras stand-alone destination.
Improve road accessibility
- the Bacolod-Salavador Benedicto-San Carlos City Road, needs to be
upgraded to improve accessibility to Bacolod City and to other TDAs in
Negros Occidential.
- attract flagship tourism investments.
Establish additional marine sanctuary in Guimaras.
Figure
Figure
25.4:
25.4:
Projected
Projected
Accommodation
Accommodation
(Rooms)
(Rooms)
Development
Developme
12,000
7,750
5,000
2006
Legend
2011
Low Growth Scenario
Legend
Low Growth Scenario
2016
Support to PAWB for finalisation of GMP and establish Protected Area Fund
(IPAF) for PAs in the SDA.
Establish marine reserve on Guimaras and set up sanctuary.
GMP for Taklong Island.
Community Involvement
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Priority
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
B
SDA
B
B
B
B
Name of Project/Location
Bacolod - Silay Airport Access Road (Bacolod)
Metro Iloilo Radial Road (Zarraga-Iloilo Airport Road)
Guimaras Circumferential Road
Bacolod-Murcia-Don Salvador Benedicto-San Carlos City Road
(Negros Occidental)
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
National Road
National Road
National Road
Estimated Cost
(PhP Million)
643
1,023
505
Implementing
Agency
DPWH
DPWH
DPWH
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Source
Funding
None
Committed
None
70
DPWH
Proposed
None
Seaport
100
Proposed
Environment
Environment
Marketing
Environment
Community
HRD
River Rehabilitation
75
75
2*
22
1*
2*
Depends on extent of
rehabilitation
Philippine Ports
Authority (PPA)
City Government
City Government
DOT
DENR
DENR
DOT
Iloilo City
Government,
Business Sector
Private Developer
Iloilo City
Government,
Business Sector
Type of Project
Convention Facility
District Rehabilitation
400
Depends on extent of
rehabilitation
Priority B - 3 to 5 years:
Priority C - 6 to 10 years:
Status
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Priority
A
A
A
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
None
Proposed
Proposed
None
None
B
B
25.3
CEBU/MACTAN/SOGOD
25.3.1 Overview
This SDA is comprised of the three TDAs:
Even with the already considerable tourism development in Cebu, the area can still
accommodate more investment. Market demand supports this and facilities will have
to be developed to a high quality as Cebu now serves as a major commercial area
and international gateway in the Central Philippines. Mactan Island is the location of
the high end tourism facilities.
25.3.2 Tourism Resources and Access Transport
Environmental Resources
Cultural Heritage
Fort San Pedro, the oldest fort (1565) in the Philippines is found in Metro Cebu.
A wooden cross to commemorate Magellans original planting of cross in 1521 is
in Cebu City (fragments of Magellans original cross are incorporated in the later
cross).
University of San Carlos Museum in Cebu City houses extensive collection of
Philippine pre-historic stones, jars, pots and burial coffins.
Sinulog festival in Cebu City.
Oldest religious icon of Santo Nino is housed in the old San Agustin church in
Cebu City.
Taoist Temple in Cebu City
25.3
Access Transport
Mactan-Cebu International Airport has direct flights to Korea, Japan, Hong Kong,
Singapore and Kuala Lumper.
Air and sea access services adequate for demand.
shopping
English language learning
ornithology
cultural heritage.
Transport Infrastructure
Strengths
International gateway.
Well-developed tourism industry.
Large number of tourist attractions.
High level of private sector involvement.
Large areas available for future tourism developments/expansion.
Well-developed infrastructure.
Mature urban centre and tourist services.
Opportunities
Although Cebu is well served with infrastructure and utilities, there are
deficiences in the northern parts of the islands, particularly with regard to water
supply and waste management.
Current Developments
Several resort developments planned for Mactan and Metro Cebu as well as
existing resort upgrades.
Proposed Developments
Capacity Issues
The existing source markets are Asia, Europe, USA, Balikbayan and domestic.
The current product markets are:
- beach resorts
- MICE
- golf
- dive
- yachting
- cruise (limited)
Weaknesses
Threats
38%
Widespread violation in the use of foreshore lands in many coastal areas in Cebu
City, Mactan and Sogod areas.
Uncontrolled, environmentally insensitive developments.
Water shortage.
Destruction of coral reefs due to dynamite fishing and siltation of coastal waters
of Bantayan Island and Malapascua Island
2006
2006
Domestic
62%
Foreign
Balikbayan
A range of possibilities arise in considering future growth scenarios for tourism to this
SDA. At one extreme is a:
low growth scenario which can be interpreted as to what would be likely to
1%
50%
50%
2016
2016
high growth scenario which can be seen as the rate at which the tourism sector
could expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in
developing the necessary supporting infrastructure, facilities and services,
coupled with significant improvements in the enabling environment and sector
management.
These growth scenarios are illustrated on the accompanying figures. Under the high
growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to increase from
1,250,000 in 2006 to 4,020,000 in 2016, representing a growth rate of about 13%
yearly. Reflecting this growth, demand for accommodation is projected to expand
from 12,500 rooms at present to about 40,000 in 2016.
Under the low growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to
increase by about 4% yearly, with demand for accommodation increasing to about
21,000 rooms by 2016.
40,000
To achieve the high growth development scenario, the following strategic initiatives
will need to be put in place:
Develop Cebu as home port for cruising.
Further development of marinas.
Upgrade airport at Bantayan Island to open up opportunities for tourism
development and improve accessibility to the island.
Introduce fast boat services (speed boats) to link northern islands.
New sanitary landfill.
Promote investment in accommodation and other tourism products.
Establish solid waste management system in Malapascua Island
Heritage restoration programme
Develop reliable water supply and distribution
system for northern Cebu.
12,500
2006
Legend
2011
2016
Sector Management
Community Involvement
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Priority
A
A
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
SDA
Name of Project/Location
Type of Project
Estimated Cost
(PhP Million)
Implementing
Agency
Status
Source
Funding
Priority
Port
1,200
PPA
Proposed
None
Airport Terminal
Airport
Environmental
Water
Environmental
Environmental
Utilities
Road
Marketing
Environment
Communities
HRD
100
100
600
400
400
10
500
600
10*
208
50 + 1*
2*
DOTC - ATO
DOTC- ATO
LGU
LGU
City Government
LGU
Cebu City
DPWH
DOT
DENR
DENR, LGU, DOT
DOT
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
A
B
B
B
A
B
A
B
A
A
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
Priority B - 3 to 5 years:
Priority C - 6 to 10 years:
The development of Bohol as a tourist destination can be likened to the way Bali has
developed. With much of the accommodation facilities concentrated in one area,
visitors have a range of options to visit the various attractions in the countryside. This
model has proved to be successful in many destinations and aspects can be adopted
for Bohol.
Cultural Heritage
Access Transport
25.4
SDA D: BOHOL
25.4.1 Overview
Strengths
Transport Infrastructure
Capacity Issues
Proposed Development
The existing tourist clientele are European, Asian, American, Balikbayan and
domestic.
The current product/markets for Bohol are:
- beach resorts
- nature tours (Chocolate Hills, rivers etc)
- wildlife tours (birds, dolphins etc)
- activities (scuba diving, snorkelling, caving)
- adventure
- hiking
Weaknesses
Current Developments
Opportunities
Tagbilaran and Tubigon are the main port gateways for tourists.
Airport passenger terminal facilities very poor.
- short runway which cannot be lengthened.
On the south-eastern Bohol seaboard, the port town of Jagna provides sea
access to Northern Mindanao.
On the north-western Bohol seaboard, the port towns of Tubigon and Jetafe
provide sea access to Metro Cebu and the islands of Cebu, Mactan and Olango.
The towns along the coast are linked by a newly completed circumferential road.
Other Infrastructure
A range of possibilities arise in considering future growth scenarios for tourism to this
SDA. At one extreme is a:
low growth scenario which can be interpreted as to what would be likely to
could expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in
developing the necessary supporting infrastructure, facilities and services,
These growth scenarios are illustrated on the accompanying figures. Under the high
growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to increase from
220,000 in 2006 to 785,000 in 2016, representing a growth rate of just under 14%
yearly. Reflecting this growth, demand for accommodation is projected to expand
from 2,500 rooms at present to about 9,000 in 2016.
20%
3%
77%
Under the low growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to
increase by about 4% yearly, with demand for accommodation increasing to about
4,000 rooms by 2016.
2006
To achieve the high growth development scenario, the following strategic initiatives
will need to be put in place:
Foreign
Balikbayan
Develop cruise ship port and marina to add to the product offering and along with
Cebu, to position the area as a major cruise ship destination.
2%
32%
66%
9,000
4,750
2,500
2006
Legend
2011
2016
Destination promotion
- website development
Promote Bohol as stand-alone destination in markets.
Establish/strengthen local tourism councils.
Community Involvement
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Priority
A
C
A
B
A
A
A
A
Airport
Port
National Road
Estimated Cost
(PhP Million)
600
450
900
Environment
600
Airport
Environment
Power
Environment
Marketing
Environment
Community
HRD
2,500
100
2,966
150
5*
100
1*
2*
SDA
Name of Project/Location
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Type of Project
Priority B - 3 to 5 years:
Priority C - 6 to 10 years:
Implementing
Agency
DOTC - ATO
PPA
DPWH
National
Government
DOTC - ATO
LGU
NAPOCOR
LGU
DOT, LGU
LGU, DENP-PAWB
NCCA, LGU
DOT
Status
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
On-going FS
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Source
Funding
None
None
None
None
None
PTA & MIAA
None
None
None
None
None
None
Priority
A
C
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
25.5.1 Overview
This SDA is comprised of the three TDAs:
Puerto Princesa City is the provincial capital of Palawan. It is also the largest city in
Central Philippines in terms of geographical area and serves as a tourist service
center. The city can absorb more tourism development given the large amount of
land available.
Outside of Puerto Princesa the area has experienced modest growth in tourism. A
number of destination resorts are already established in El Nido and Taytay. Looking
to the future, the planned international standard airport in San Vicente will facilitate
growth in visitor numbers to the area.
25.5.2 Tourism Resources and Access Transport
Environmental Resources
Cultural Heritage
Access Transport
25.5
Accommodation
Transport Infrastructure
Opportunities
Other Infrastructure
Insufficient power supply (San Vicente, El Nido & Taytay have rotating power
supply).
No sewerage network.
- major problems in El Nido
Inadequate water supply.
Lack of liquid and solid waste disposal facilities in municipalities outside of Puerto
Princesa.
San Vicente has long white sand beaches and land available for the development
of a mix of integrated resorts.
Weaknesses
Current Developments
Threats
A range of possibilities arise in considering future growth scenarios for tourism to this
SDA. At one extreme is a:
low growth scenario which can be interpreted as to what would be likely to
26%
74%
high growth scenario which can be seen as the rate at which the tourism sector
could expand if sufficient public and private sector capital were attracted in
developing the necessary supporting infrastructure, facilities and services,
coupled with significant improvements in the enabling environment and sector
management.
Foreign
Balikbayan
1%
These growth scenarios are illustrated on the accompanying figures. Under the high
growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to increase from
190,000 in 2006 to 700,000 in 2016, representing a growth rate of just under 15%
yearly. Reflecting this growth, demand for accommodation is projected to expand
from 2,000 rooms at present to about 6,000 in 2016.
37%
62%
2016
Under the low growth development scenario, total tourist numbers are projected to
increase by about 7% yearly, with demand for accommodation increasing to about
3,000 rooms by 2016.
To achieve the high growth development scenario, the following strategic initiatives
will need to be put in place:
6000
3500
2000
2006
Legend
2011
2016
Destination promotion
- website development
- promote SDA-H as stand-alone destination
Community Involvement
Infrastructure
The proposed infrastructure projects are as follows:
Projects
Priority
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
SDA
H
H
H
H
H
H
Name of Project/Location
Upgrade Roxas-Taytay Road
Babuyan Small Hydropower Project (Palawan)
Langogan Small Hydropower Project (Palawan)
Upgrade Puerto Princesa Airport Terminal
Upgrade Puerto Princesa Seaport to accommodate cruise ship calls
Construction of jetty at Sabang (access point to Puerto Princesa Subterranean
River)
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
H
Solid Waste Management Systems (with Sanitary Landfills) in San Vicente and El
Nido
Upgrade of Salvacion to Cabayugan Road (Access to Underground River).
Upgrade of San Jose to Port Barton Road (about 40 kilometers)
Upgrade of Itabiak to San Vicente Road (about 20 kilometers).
Sector Management
Environmental Protection & Enhancement
Community Involvement
Human Resource Development for LGUs
National Road
Power Generation
Power Generation
Airport Terminal
Port
Estimated Cost
(PhP Million)
981
922
813
80
100
Jetty
Jetty
Water Supply
250
Environment
80
Road
Road
Rooad
Marketing
Environment
Community
HRD
30
300
150
3*
220
50 + 1*
2*
Type of Project
Priority B - 3 to 5 years:
Priority C - 6 to 10 years:
Implementing
Agency
DPWH
NPC-SPUG
NPC-SPUG
DOTC - ATO
PPA
Provincial
Government
Provincial
Government
City Government,
LWUA
Provincial
Government
DPWH
DPWH
DPWH
DOT
DENR, DOT
DOT
DOT
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Source
Funding
None
None
None
None
None
None
Proposed
None
Proposed
None
Proposed
None
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
Proposed
None
None
None
None
None
None
None
Status
Priority
A
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
1 North
PanayRomblon
2 South
Panay- Negros
Occidental
3 Cebu Island
4 Bohol Island
5 Negros
Oriental Siquijor
6 Leyte
Samar
7 Bicol
8 North
Palawan
9 South
Palawan
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT/
PROJECT for the AIRPORT
Improve and expand Passenger
Terminal
COST
(PhP M)
50.0
0.0
0.0
None
0.0
0.0
250.0
200.0
100.0
600.0
2,500.0
0.0
1,000.0
0.0
80.0
The completion of vital road links of the Nautical Highway System must also be
undertaken as a priority to improve inter-regional connectivity. Road linkages to
airports, tourist destination areas and urban centers must be enhanced as well.
Priority development projects are:
the construction of new airport access roads to Iloilo and Bacolod-Silay
airports;
rehabilitation of access roads to Caticlan, Kalibo and San Vicente airports;
new road from Busuanga airport to Coron town;
improvement of access roads to Caramoan Peninsula in Camarines Sur,
improvement of access roads to beach resorts in Cebu and Sipalay, Negros
Occidental,
improvement of access roads to national parks in Negros Oriental and
Sorsogon;
construction of bypass roads in the urban centers of Iloilo, Bacolod, and
Cebu; upgrading of circumferential roads in Siquijor, Guimaras, Camiguin,
Siargao and Panglao Islands.
Improvement costs for sea/surface transport is estimated at about PhP 10 billion.
4 Bohol Island
5 Negros Oriental
- Siquijor
SEAPORT/ ACCESS BY
SEA
Caticlan Port, Aklan Province
RO-RO Ports in Iloilo City and
in Jordan on Guimaras
Province
Cebu Cruise Ship port and
International Marina Project,
Cebu Province
Loon Cruise Ship Port and
Marina Project, Bohol
Province
Dumaguete Seaport, Negros
Oriental Province
6 Leyte Samar
7 Bicol
8 North Palawan
9 South Palawan
PROPOSED IMPROVEMENT/
PROJECT for the AIRPORT
None, funds for improvements
have already been allocated
Improve Roll on Roll off facilities
and ferry facilities on both ports
COST
(PhP M)
0.0
100.0
1,200.0
450.0
40.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
100.0
26.2
26.2.1 Cruise
The cruise market has been one of the fastest growing tourism products in recent
times. Since 1980 the cruise industry has experienced an average passenger
growth rate of 8.5% yearly. With the expansion of the cruise fleet, passenger
numbers are expected to have been 15 million worldwide in 2006 (compared with
13.8 million in 2000) and to reach 20 million by 2012.
Size of Cruise Ships
Cruise ships range in size from the small discovery luxury type with 100 to 300
passenger capacity to the large Genesis class with 5,400 passengers and 1,500
crew. Typical medium sized cruise ships have 2,000 to 3,000 passenger capacity in
addition to 780 to 1,000 crew on board.
Infrastructure
To develop the cruise product it is necessary to have a home port port location
where cruise itineraries begin and end. The port must have berthing facilities for a
number of cruise ships, as well as good air access, hotel accommodation, retail
opportunities and a range of attractions (day tours etc).
Product
Typically, a cruise is a 7 to 10 day itinerary, which means that there must be a
necklace chain of ports at interesting destinations, each within a days sail. These
destinations must be able to offer local tours to various national and cultural/heritage
sites, as well as offering retail opportunities, art galleries etc.
Being archipelagic, the Central Philippines is a natural cruising area that can offer 5
to 10 day cruising itineraries to destinations which have different product offerings.
Expenditure by Cruise Passengers
Excluding the cost of the cruise package, passengers typically spend between
US$10 and US$30 per head at each destination on local tours, purchases, meal
and drinks etc.
Expenditure by Cruise Ships
Expenditure by cruise ship companies includes port charges, provisioning (water,
fuel, food, and uptake) and cruise taxes (each port usually charges a tax for each
passenger on board).
Cruise Circuit 2
Project Costs
Project Component
Establishment of Home Port Cruising Facilities in Cebu City
Development of port or appropriate embarkation and visitor facilities in
cruising destination which include, but not limited to the following areas:
Puerto Princesa (Palawan), Pilar (Sorsogon), IIoilo, Negros Occidental,
Southern Leyte and Bohol
Preparation of Feasibility and Technical Studies
500.0
50.0
Destination
Cebu
Iloilo/Guimaras
Puerto Princesa
Coron
Boracay
Pilar, Sorsogon
Cebu
Attractions
Homeport, retail, guitar factories
Churches and ancestral houses, mango plantation in Guimaras
Subterranean river, Honda bay
Diving, snorkeling, cultural attractions
Beach, retail
Donsol for whale sharks interaction, birdwatching in Pilar
Homeport
Indicative Cost
(PhP M)
20.0
50.0
30.0
20.0
26.3
Preparation of GMPs
The preparation of GMPs and their subsequent approval by their respective PAMBs
would represent a major improvement to environmental planning and protection
as well as the business environment for tourism development. The approved GMPs
would guide and legitimize tourism development in PAs, thus enabling development
projects to proceed without any legal encumbrances or technical ambiguities.
Moreover, the preparation and approval of these GMPs would ensure the protection
and conservation of PAs and at the same time sustain tourism development in these
areas.
Cost and Time Frame
The cost of preparing 32 GMPs is estimated at PhP 50 million and would take
approximately three (3) years to complete.
Protected Areas
With
Approved
GMP
Without GMP
None
None
X
No info
available
No info
available
No info available
No info available
No info available
X
X
X
X
Sogod Bay
No info available
No info
available
No info
available
No info available
No info available
No info available
No info available
X
No info
available
No info
available
No info available
No info available
No info available
No info available
X
X
X
X
No info
available
No info available
No info available
X
No info
available
No info available
No info available
X
Outside of
SDA/TDA
Camotes, Bohol
SDA H TDA
11.3 San Vicente
Roxas Area
SDA H TDA
12.1 Puerto
Princesa City
26.3
Protected
Landscape/Seascape
Jetafe group of islands MSFR
and WA
Loboc Watershed Forest
Reserve
Inabanga MSFR
Inabanga group of islands WA
Island of Pamasuan,
Handayan, Majanay Mangrove
Swamp Forest Reserve; Islets
of Banoon and Lapinig, Chico;
Mangrove Area of East Soon
River, Pampang (Camotes,
Bohol)
Island of Banacon Wilderness
Area (Camotes Sea, Bohol)
Malampaya Sound Protected
Landscape and Seascape
Puerto Princesa Subterranean
River National Park
Palawan Flora, Fauna and
Watershed Forest Reserve
(Parcels I and 2)
El Nido Managed Resource
Reserve
Palawan Game refuge and Bird
Sanctuary and Wildlife
Sanctuary (GRBS)
X
X
X
No info
available
No info available
No info available
The third factor is that the DOT determines and implements the national marketing
strategy. The DOT determines the source markets which should be targeted, the
countrys brand image in these markets, the products/destinations featured in
advertising and publicity campaigns, the promotional activities undertaken and the
budgets allocated. Consequently, the Central Philippines approach must be to
dovetail its marketing strategy and plan with that of the DOTs, while at the same
time using the DOTs marketing activities as platforms to mount its own promotional
campaign.
26.4.2 Marketing Plan
X
X
X
X
MARKETING CONNECTIVITY
Destination Branding
Each SDA would be branded separately, reflecting its unique characteristics
Palawans identification with nature and get-away-from-it-all ambience;
Boracay/Carabao with its party atmosphere and so on. The SDAs would be
promoted as stand-alone destinations in the market place.
Produce Range of Collaterals
For each SDA, these should include:
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
visitor surveys to determine tourist profiles (where from, what they do etc)
data base of intermediaries (for each niche market, identifying the relevant
associations, media channels etc)
product inventory (number of hotel rooms etc)
market segmentation studies to match products with markets for domestic, and
international markets.
Indicative Cost
(PhP M)
50
50
50
35
15
200
The creative use of technology is crucial to the development of tourism to the Central
Philippines. The Internet provides the technology platform for the Super Region to
establish itself in niche markets on an equal footing with its competitors, at
comparatively modest costs.
Adequate resources must be allocated for this activity not only for the development
and management of the web sites, but equally important, to recruit the necessary
skills to maintain and further develop the sites. Priorities are:
construct a virtual world of the Central Philippines inviting potential tourists to tour
the different destinations to see whats on offer, how to get there etc
construct web-site more as vacation planner rather than information source
list and link product packages
list and link foreign tour operators who feature these packages in their
brochures
list and link Filipino ground tour operators who have packages
show how to get to the Central Philippines and the SDAs; links to the airlines
and travel bookers
slide show on products
links to reservations sites and systems
sell advertising space (banners, pop-ups, etc).
achieve search engine optimisation
At local government level the main issue is that very few LGU officials have the
appropriate professional training in tourism management, planning and development.
To address this issue an on-going training programme is proposed covering:
destination marketing
culture and heritage preservation
environmental conservation and management
institutional-building and linkages.
Over a five year period the estimated cost of implementation is about PhP 10
millions.
26.5.3 Communities
Capability building at community level would involve the delivery of training programs
in following fields:
Over a five year period the estimated cost of implementation is about PhP 10 million.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Benefits: The benefits accruing from the growth in tourism are calculated by
forecasting tourist arrivals on a with and without project/program basis and
estimating the visitors expenditure in the SDAs. This expenditure includes spending
not only in hotels, resorts etc., but also on tours, purchases of curios, etc.
Since each scenario involves a dispersed stream of costs and benefits through time,
it is necessary to use a discounting factor representing the estimated opportunity
cost of capital (OCC) on the project/program costs and benefits to determine their
present values. The difference between the sum of the discounted benefits and the
discounted costs, is the Net Present Value (NPV), which represents either the
surplus or deficiency in economic benefits after paying back the original investment
and other recurring costs. It is good measure, therefore, of the purely economic
viability of the different scenarios. Any scenario which results in a positive NPV, is, in
prima facie economic terms, worth pursuing.
It is also important to note that the benefit-cost streams calculated are the
incremental benefits and costs over and above what would have arisen in the
absence of the proposed new investments. This is because a level of tourism
already exists in the SDAs they are not greenfield situations.
The choice of discount rate, often referred to as the Opportunity Cost of Capital, is
crucial to the analysis. Bearing in mind the supply of and the demand for investible
funds in Philippines, discount rates of 15% and 18% have been selected and applied
to the stream of costs and benefits (measured in constant 2006 money values).
Economic Internal Rate of Return
The Economic Internal Rate of Return (EIRR) is based on the net incremental benefit
streams over the lifetime of the project computed using different discount rates. The
EIRR refers to the discount rate wherein the present value of the benefits accruing to
society is equal to the present value of the project/program cost streams. It is an
approach favoured by JBIC, the Asian Development Bank (ADB), World Bank (WB),
other multilateral funding agencies and the National Economic and Development
Authority (NEDA) when evaluating projects/programs.
Benefits: As indicated earlier, the main source of project/program benefits is
increased tourist traffic resulting in higher total expenditures by vacation and
business visitors to the SDAs.
Costs: Costs associated with the generation of the above benefits relate to new
capital investments, production of goods and services, repair and maintenance,
sector management costs, environmental protection & enhancement costs,
community project costs, etc.
The costs and benefit streams, in terms of constant prices, can then be calculated for
each of the SDA growth scenarios. After adjustments (for shadow pricing and the
proportions of new investments (in infrastructure) attributable to tourism have been
made) the EIRR for the project can be computed.
Shadow Pricing
27.2
Item
Shadow wage rate for
unskilled labor
Shadow foreign exchange
rate (from US$ to PhP)
Adjustment Factor
0.6 * prevailing minimum
wage rate
1.2 * prevailing official
exchange rate
SDA
Baseline
2006
A. Boracay/
Carabao
B. Iloilo/
Guimares/
Bacolod
C. Cebu
D. Bohol
H. Palawan
Dom
For
Dom
For
1,075
650
1,310
400
With
Invest
2016
2,790
2,350
3,500
940
Dom
For
Dom
For
Dom
For
3,100
1,910
680
245
420
150
7,640
18,040
2,110
1,310
1,305
1,315
Wout
Invest
2016
1,755
945
2,720
650
5,030
3,120
1,120
340
885
255
Public
Sector
Capital
5,179
100
3,490
1,490
50
400
4,168
130
n/a
8,366
80
n/a
3,980
60
n/a
Legend:
D domestic tourists; F foreign tourists, including Balikbayan
Public Sector Capital Investment
Public Sector Current Investment
27.3
Roads
Expenditure per tourist per bednight is estimated at PhP 5,000 (US$115) for foreign
tourists and PhP 3,000 (US$70) for domestic tourists as follows:
Unless to or within a Tourism Site, roads usually get more usage from local residents
and other economic sectors than from tourism.
&
Expenditure (Peso)
Domestic
Foreign
1,000
2,000
1,000
500
1,500
1,000
500
500
Airports
Comments
Weighted average of single & double
room occupancy incl. taxes but excl.
discounts to tour operators.
Meals in restaurants, including taxes
Tours, transportation, guide services etc
with the SDA.
Crafts, misc. within the SDA.
Airports get considerable usage by tourists. However, it must be borne in mind that
the projected tourist numbers and associated bednights used in this study refer to
tourists who use paid accommodation. Other tourists (largely domestic tourists
staying with friends and relatives) and day trippers (business people) are excluded
from the calculations.
27.5
27.4
ECONOMIC COSTS
Costs associated with the generation of the above benefits relate to investments in
accommodation, roads, airports, utilities, other facilities and amenities, replacement
of investment, operating costs, and repair & maintenance etc, along with the sector
management costs.
All proposed (new) investment costs, whether funded by the Government of the
Philippines, other Governments or Multilateral agencies by way of loans or grants, or
private sector investment should be taken into account in the calculation of the
economic returns. Many of the proposed investments, particularly infrastructure and
utilities, will benefit not just tourists (whether domestic or international) but also the
local resident population and other sectors of the economy.
In the economic costs, the cost of each infrastructure and non-infrastructure
investments including those made by the private sector as given in the list of
investment projects were considered in its entirety.
Accommodations
On the face of it, the cost of all private sector investment in accommodations should
be fully charged against benefits arising. However, it should be noted that hotels are
also used for other purposes by local populations weddings and other private
events.
EIRR
34.7%
36.7%
77.6%
25.6%
37.2%
40.3%
ENPV
@ 15% d.r.
14,708.5
5,601.8
33,503.9
6,864.5
6,059.6
66,738.28
@ 18% d.r
9,299.2
3,716.3
23,701.7
3,848.6
3,962.9
44,528.78
It should be noted that shadow pricing was not used. Neither were any allowances
made to either the costs or benefits arising from the usage of the investments by
other economic groups. This approach was considered prudent in the light of the
fact that the estimated costs and benefits can only be regarded as indicative of the
magnitudes involved rather than precise figures.
27.6
spent on domestic goods and services, and so provides further domestic income in
the next round. The more income that leaks away in tax payments, savings or
expenditure on imports, the less there is to spend on the home market. Very little
work has been done on the estimation of tourism income multipliers for the
Philippines or, indeed, for the national economy.
These include:
Studies on tourism in different countries estimated tourism multiplier coefficients
within the range of 0.9 to 4.3.
Contribution to incomes.
Contribution to employment.
On the basis of a tourism income multiplier of about 1.8, it is suggested that the initial
addition of just under Php 103 billion, to incomes arising from international tourist
spending in all of the SDAs by 2016 would lead through successive waves of
spending to an ultimate increase of about PhP 185 billion to regional income. When
the additional spending by these tourists in other parts of the Philippines during the
remainder of their stay is also included, the total increase to national income would
be significantly greater.
Perhaps the most important effect of tourism, both international and domestic, is that
it generates employment. It is widely accepted that tourism is a relatively labour
intensive and compares favourably with other economic activities as a generator of
employment. The actual size of the employment effects of tourism depends first and
foremost on the absolute magnitude of primary tourist spending.
The major problem in any analysis of the economic significance of tourism is trying to
define the industry. A broad definition of the industry would include not only the hotel
sector, but also part of the retail sector (craft shops), part of the public transport
sector and so on. A narrow definition of the industry might just be confined to the
accommodation and air-transportation sectors.
Tourist Spending and Incomes
The importance of tourism to the Central Philippines and the country as a whole is
due to the fact that expenditure by tourists constitutes income for its direct recipients
i.e., those who are concerned with the production and sale of products and
services to tourists.
Tourist Spending and the Multiplier Effect on National Income
The contribution of visitor expenditure cannot be evaluated in terms of the visitors
spending alone. Account must be taken of the consequent multiplier effect of this
expenditure as it spreads throughout the region and national economy. The power of
the multiplier effect depends on the proportion of each increment of income that is
The other major determinant of the number of jobs created by tourism is the size of
the employment multiplier i.e., the number of jobs created in secondary sectors as
a result of an injection of tourist spending. While the size of this will in part depend
on the level of imports of goods (and hence export of jobs) of a region or country, the
nature of the production processes in the secondary demand sector and their labour
requirements is also very important.
The issue here is how to measure all the employment effects of tourist spending,
whether primary or secondary. Ideally this should be done by means of an
employment multiplier which would assess the amount of employment generated by
both the primary and later effects of tourist expenditure. The resulting employment
figures would then indicate the full contribution of tourism to total employment, in the
cases where there is spare employment capacity (i.e. unemployed labour) for tourism
generated activity to absorb.
Direct employment generated in the five SDAs is estimated on Table 27.4. Shortage
of data has meant that we have been unable to calculate the multiplier employment
effects on related sectors (construction, food, transport etc.).
A. Boracay/Carabao
B. Illilo/Guimaras/Bacolod
C. Cebu
D. Bohol
H. Palawan
Total SDAs
Current
06
4,000
5,000
12,500
2,500
2,000
26,000
Rooms
With inv
2016
12,000
12,000
40,000
9,000
6,000
79,000
With Inv.
2016
6,000
9,500
21,000
4,000
3,000
43,500
7,500
3,000
23,000
6,000
3,500
43,000
19,500
8,000
61,000
16,000
9,500
114,000
Based on a rate of 2.0 employees per room, approximately 71,000 jobs will be
created in the accommodation sub sector in the five priority SDAs with the
implementation of the proposed public and private sector investment programs.
Based on the analysis of Ch. 6 earlier, a further 43,000 will be created in the other
sub sectors of the tourism industry (restaurants, tour companies etc).
Related to the previous point, it should be noted that catering for the needs of the
tourist implies by definition, the provision of an infrastructure of tourism plant
involving such facilities as hotels, resorts etc., which may be used by the resident
local population for events etc. The development of these amenities improves living
standards and thereby effects an increase to the economic welfare of the community
as a whole.
PROGRAM SELECTION
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY
The total public sector investment program for the priority SDAs is estimated at just
under PhP 23.5 billion. As resources may not be available to carry out the required
investment program simultaneously in all five SDAs the following criteria were used
in ranking the investment program(s) for implementation.
To achieve the projected growth in tourist numbers and expenditures over the next
decade, the Central Philippines will have to:
Move to an investment driven strategy
The Central Philippines is not alone in this regard. All destinations, where the core
products are nature and culture based but are not considered world class (such as
the Galapagos, Egypt, Greece) face this problem. The strategy that many
destinations which do not have world class nature and cultural attractions have
pursued, is to invest heavily in related products golf, health and wellness, cruise,
yachting, marinas, conference and incentive etc. These destinations have seen their
tourism sectors prosper and grow.
have a high rate of economic return (NPV & ERR) and produce significant socioeconomic benefits in terms of contribution to job creation, incomes, tax receipts to
government
The application of the above criteria indicated that the following sequencing of the
SDA investment programs for optimum returns.
Figure 28.1: Tourism Development Strategy
1st:
2nd:
3rd:
4th:
5th:
Tourist
No.s / Revenue
28.3
2006
PROGRAM/PROJECT FICHES
In this section a composite program fiche is outlined for the five priority SDAs as a
whole along with fiches for each SDA. The individual project fiches are described in
Ch. 33 (Annexes).
Investment
Driven
Primary Factor
Driven
SDA C: Cebu
SDA A: Boracay/Carabao
SDA D: Bohol
SDA H: Palawan
SDA B: Iloilo/Guimaras
2016
PROGRAM
TITLE
PROGRAM
TITLE
SDA/TDAs
TDAs
Description
Because of the unique quality of its beach, Boracay is one of the Central Philippines
more successful tourism destinations in terms of development and market
attractiveness. However, due to the relatively small size of the island coupled with the
fragility of its eco-system any significant development puts great pressure on the
environment. There is a need therefore to rationalize the development of the island to
ensure the sustainability of the tourism industry. A CLUP for the island is currently
being prepared by DOT.
Description
The Central Philippines Super Region includes the provinces of Palawan, Ramblon
and Dapitan, the Islands of Siargao and Camiguin, and Regions V, VI, VII and VIII.
Although the Super Region has a wealth of ecological and cultural attractions, it has
failed to translate these touristic resources into a substantial tourism industry.
The purpose of the program is to establish the Central Philippines as a significant
destination offering international access, seamless interconnectivity and world-class
tourist facilities and products. This will be achieved through an investment program
which addresses the current deficiencies in infrastructure, marketing, product
development, environmental protection & enhancement and human resource
development.
Justification
Some 24.5 million Filipinos live in the Super Region, representing about 28% of the
population. As regional output (GDRP) per head is 30% below that of the country as a
whole, the region is characterised by a significant incomes gap. Moreover,
unemployment and underemployment are high.
Carabao Island to the north has had very limited development to date but has the
potential to become a major resort development to absorb much of the increasing
numbers of visitors to the region.
The purpose of the program is to establish Boracay/Carabao as a significant destination
offering international access, seamless interconnectivity and world-class tourist facilities
and products. This will be achieved through an investment program which addresses
the current deficiencies in infrastructure, marketing, product development,
environmental protection & enhancement and human resource development.
Justification
Both Boracay and Carabao have considerable tourism development potential. Access
is adequate and the tourism sector is well organised. A new airport on the northern part
of Carabao island is planned, along with major resort developments. Moreover, there
are private sector proposals to develop and operate Caticlan airport involving runway
extension, new passenger terminal etc.
Benefits &
Impacts
The investment program is expected to generate increased earnings of PhP 8.5 billion
from international tourism and PhP 5.1 billion from domestic tourism. Benefits arising
include new job creation (min of just under 20,000); increased incomes; contribution to
foreign exchange earnings; environmental conservation and enhancement; higher living
standards among communities.
Benefits &
Impacts
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 22,529
:
270
:
554
Community Development
LGU HRD
:150
:100
Estimated
Costs (Php M)
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 5,175
:
70
:
4
Community Development
LGU HRD
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
10 years.
:10
:20
28.3.3 Iloilo/Guimaras/Bacolod
23.3.4 Cebu
PROGRAM
TITLE
PROGRAM
TITLE
TDAs
TDAs
Description
Metro Iloilo and Bacolod cities serve as major gateways, tourist service areas and
business destinations. Although Metro Iloilo has a small number of tourist sites, its
location (close to Guimaras), makes the city an ideal base for the tourists visiting the
region. Bacolod city is primarily a business centre.
Description
Even with the already considerable tourism development in Cebu, the area can still
accommodate more investment. Market demand supports this and facilities will have to
be developed to a high quality as Cebu now serves as a major commercial area and
international gateway in the Central Philippines. Mactan Island is the location of the
high end tourism facilities.
Based on the islands natural resources, Guimaras has the potential to become an
important tourist destination in its own right. Northern Negros Occidental has a number
of interesting nature and heritage sites.
The purpose of the program is to establish the area as a significant destination offering
international access, seamless interconnectivity and world-class tourist facilities and
products. This will be achieved through an investment program which addresses the
current deficiencies in infrastructure, marketing, product development, environmental
protection & enhancement and human resource development.
Justification
With two national parks, the area has large tracts of unspoilt natural scenery and
attractions. Two new international standard airports (Sta. Barbara and Silay City)
provide improved access.
Justification
Benefits &
Impacts
The investment program is expected to generate increased earnings of PhP 2.7 billion
from international tourism and just under PhP 6.6 billion from domestic tourism.
Benefits arising include new job creation (min of 8,000); increased incomes; contribution
to foreign exchange earnings; environmental conservation and enhancement; higher
living standards among communities.
Benefits &
Impacts
The investment program is expected to generate increased earnings of just over PhP
80.6 billion from international tourism and PhP 13.6 billion from domestic tourism.
Benefits arising include new job creation (min of 61,000); increased incomes;
contribution to foreign exchange earnings; environmental conservation and
enhancement; higher living standards among communities.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 1,468
:
20
:
22
Community Development
LGU HRD
:10
:20
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 3,910
:
100
:
208
Community Development
LGU HRD
Time Lines
10 years.
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
:60
:20
28.3.4 Bohol
PROGRAM
TITLE
PROGRAM
TITLE
TDAs
TDAs
Description
Description
Justification
Access will be improved with the construction of the planned new international standard
airport by 2011, thus facilitating the development of Bohol as a stand-alone tourist
destination. Another proposed development is a cruise-ship port in Catagbacan, Loon.
Justification
Access to north Palawan will be considerably improved with the completion of the
international standard airport at San Vicente, an area which has long, white sand
beaches and land available for the development of a mix of integrated resorts.
Benefits &
Impacts
The investment program is expected to generate increased earnings of PhP 5.3 billion
from international tourism and PhP 4.3 billion from domestic tourism. Benefits arising
include new job creation (min of 16,000); increased incomes; contribution to foreign
exchange earnings; environmental conservation and enhancement; higher living
standards among communities.
Benefits &
Impacts
The investment program is expected to generate increased earnings of PhP 5.8 billion
from international tourism and just under PhP 2.6 billion from domestic tourism.
Benefits arising include new job creation (min of 9,000); increased incomes; contribution
to foreign exchange earnings; environmental conservation and enhancement; higher
living standards among communities.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 8,266
:
50
:
100
Community Development
LGU HRD
:10
:20
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Infrastructure
Sector Management
Environ Protection
: 3,710
:
30
:
220
Community Development
LGU HRD
10 years.
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
:60
:20
YEAR
Yr 1
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
190 million
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
800 million
700 million
2,545 million
800 million
140 million
50 million
140 million
70 million
4 million
20 million
180 million
3,030 million
40 million
240 million
10 million
Yr 9
Yr 10
SDA B (ILOILO-GUIMARAS-BACOLOD)
PROJECTS
Bacolod - Silay Airport Access Road (Bacolod)
Metro Iloilo Radial Road (Zarraga-Iloilo Airport Road)
Guimaras Circumferential Road
Bacolod-Murcia-Don Salvador Benedicto-San Carlos City Road
(Negros Occidental)
Improve Ro-Ro Port Facilities (Iloilo & Guimaras)
Sanitary Landfills for Iloilo City Area
Sanitary Landfills for Bacolod City Area
Sector Management
Environmental Protection & Enhancement
Community Involvement
LGU Human Resource Development
Iloilo River Rehabilitation, river parks, heritage buildings &
improvement of water quality
New Convention facility in site of Old Airport
Waterfront Redevelopment in the Port Area
YEAR
Yr 1
Yr 2
643 million
1,023 million
505 million
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
Yr 9
Yr 10
70 million
100 million
75 million
75 million
20 million
96 million
10 million
20 million
Depends on Extent
400 million
Depends on Extent
SDA C (CEBU/MACTAN/SOGOD)
YEAR
PROJECTS
Yr 1
Port of Cebu Cruise Ship Port & International Marina Project (new)
Upgrade and expand Cebu-Mactan Airport passenger terminal
Bantayan Island Airport Upgrade and Expansion Project
Bantayan Island Solid & Liquid Waste Management Projects Phase 1
Bantayan Island Water Supply Project
Sanitary landfill in Metro Cebu
Solid Waste Management System in Malapascua
Water Supply and Distribution System for Metro Cebu
Liloan-Sogod Road (50 kms)
Sector Management
Environmental Protection and Enhancement
Community Involvement
LGU Human Resource Development
Yr 2
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
1,200 million
100 million
100 million
600 million
400 million
400 million
10 million
500 million
600 million
100 million
200 million
60 million
20 million
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
Yr 9
Yr 10
SDA D (BOHOL)
PROJECTS
YEAR
Yr 1
Yr 2
600 million
Yr 3
Yr 4
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
Yr 9
Yr 10
Yr 9
Yr 10
450 million
900 million
1,600 million
2,500 million
100 million
1,966 million
150 million
50 million
100 million
10 million
20 million
YEAR
Yr 1
Yr 2
981 million
Yr 3
Yr 4
922 million
813 million
80 million
2 million
2 million
250 million
60 million
30 million
300 million
150 million
30 million
222 million
60 million
20 million
Yr 5
Yr 6
Yr 7
Yr 8
ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
Inter-Agency Tourism Program Coordination,
Monitoring and Evaluation Committee
Central Philippines
[IATPCMEC-CP]
IATPCMEC-CP
Secretariat
PROGRAM DIRECTOR
DOT CP Program Coordinating Unit
Recognizing the various cross-cutting issues in tourism which the proposed projects
seek to address, project implementation responsibilities will involve various agencies
of the national government including the local government units. To avails delays in
implementation and/or inefficient use of resources it is important that possible interagency conflict is avoided. Through clear designation of lines of responsibility, the
proposed organizational arrangement vests on these agencies responsibility for
projects within their mandate.
Central Philippines
Project Management
Office
(Consultant and DOT
Counterparts)
The DOT is the overall program coordinator, monitor and evaluator of the various
proposed tourism-related projects under the proposed Central Philippines Tourism
Development Program and implementor of projects within its purview. For projects
under the responsibility of the local government units (LGUs), DOT and the national
agencies involved will provide technical assistance to the LGUs, given their limited
financial and manpower resources and technical capability and experience.
However, the responsibility for the implementation of such projects remains solely
with these LGUs.
30.2
SDA TWGs
KEY AGENCIES
As illustrated on Fig 30.1, the key agencies are
IATPCMEC-CP Secretariat
Implementing Agencies
and
Evaluation
SDA
A
SDA
B
SDA
C
SDA
D
SDA
H
Ensure the coordination of the necessary resources for the implementation of the
agreed actions
Within DOT, a Central Philippines Program Coordinating Unit has been established.
The functions of the Coordinating Unit are to:
Representative/Office
Secretary, Department of Tourism
Secretary, Department of Environment
and Natural Resources
Undersecretaries
Department of Public Works
and Highways (DPWH)
Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC)
Department of Interior and Local Government (DILG)
Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)
Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
Heads of Office
Air Transportation Office (ATO)
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Philippine Tourism Authority (PTA)
Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation (PCVC)
Commission on Higher Education (CHED)
Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
(TESDA)
Board of Investments (BOI)
National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA)
National Museum
In effect, the DOT Program Coordinating Unit is the executive arm of the
IATPCMEC-CP.
30.2.4 Project Management Office (PMO)
The role of the PMO is to:
Ensure that the objectives of the Tourism Development Program are achieved
Manage and implement the program in an efficient and effective manner
Coordinate the activities of the SDA Technical Working Groups (TWGs)
Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the program, addressing
problems/issues that may arise
Provide secretariat services to the individual SDA TWGs.
Agree and commit to the Tourism Development Plan for the SDA
Supervise the implementation of the plan at local level
Ensure the coordination of the necessary resources for the implementation of the
agreed actions
PART VII
ANNEXES
31.
32.
33.
PROJECT FICHES.........................................................................
34.
1.
OBJECTIVES
3.
The project aims to formulate an integrated ecotourism management plan for the
Central Philippines.
It also seeks to identify viable critical environmental,
infrastructure and community-based projects to link and integrate the tourism
development of the area.
EXPECTED OUTPUTS
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
SCOPE OF WORK
(i)
(ii)
Consult and interview key stakeholders in the target areas to validate initial
desk top assessment as well as to gather more information and data to
determine the technical, economic and institutional viability of proposed
projects.
(iii)
Identify tourism development zones in the target areas and prepare outline
feasibility studies of critical projects.
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
Assess the skills of tourism stakeholders in the target areas and identify
capacity building needs most especially on ecotourism planning, project
development and management, promotions and monitoring.
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
Although existing attractions are primarily scuba diving in the Tambobo Bay Area,
and dolphin and whale interaction in the Bais Bay Area, the area has the natural
resource base of fine beaches, the Twin Lakes National Park, the Southern Negros
Forest Reserve etc., which can support a wider range of tourism products to include
integrated resorts, yachting, sports fishing and nature based activities (hiking,
ornithology etc).
The constraints to tourism development are:
Lack of basic infrastructure
Poor access.
Absence/lack of flagship tourism investments
Low market awareness
Limited range of tourism products offered
Low level of tourism industry development
Loss of beach resulting from poorly-designed infrastructure development
Pollution of coastal areas by industrial facilities (e.g. uncontrolled sedimentation
caused by sugar mills)
Loss of wildlife and habitats as a result of over-hunting and logging
Table 32.1: Proposed Infrastructure Projects
Name of Project/Location
San Carlos (Negros Occidental)Dumaguete Road (Negros Oriental)
Rehabilitation of Palinpinon
Geothermal Power Plant
Improvement of Dumaguete Seaport
and Construction of Passenger
Terminal
Water Supply & Distribution project in
Sibulan and Dauin
Solid Waste Management System
(including MRF and sanitary landfill)
for Dumaguete Area
Legend:
Type of Project
Est. Cost
(Peso M)
Significance
Level of
Priority
Improves
accessibility
between San Carlos City
(SDA B) and Dumaguete
City (SDA E)
Additional capacity to cater
for tourism development
National Road
570
Power Generation
2,310
Passenger
Terminal
40
Water
Distribution
40
Improve
water
supply
distribution
in
towns
adjacent to Dumaguete
Solid Waste
Management
140
SDA F (Cluster 6)
Overview
This SDA is comprised of the two TDAs:
Tacloban City in Leyte is the gateway for the entire Leyte Island and for certain parts
of Samar Island proximate to the San Juanico Bridge. The Tacloban City Area in
TDA 6.1 has the Santo Nio Shrine and Heritage Center, the Leyte Landing
Memorial in Palo, and other sites related to General Douglas MacArthurs landing
during World War II. The number of visitors to these sites has dwindled in the last 10
to 15 years. However, TDA 6.1 has other touristic attractions (e.g., Sohoton Natural
Bridge National Park, Marabut Islands) that can be developed.
Calicoan Island in TDA 6.4 (Southeastern Samar) is, a potential tourism haven
because of its white sand beaches. However, its exposed position in relation to the
Pacific Oceans typhoons is a constraint to development.
The constraints to tourism development are:
Situated in the typhoon belt
Poor accessibility of the attractions from the tourist service area (Tacloban City)
Lack of middle-to-high end tourist facilities
Low level of tourism industry development
Low level of private sector participation
Inadequate utility infrastructure
Illegal fishing practices (e.g., dynamite fishing, cyanide, collection of marine
species as souvenirs)
Degradation of environment through loss of natural areas or habitats.
Table 32.2: Proposed Infrastructure Projects
Name of Project/Location
Catbalogan Airport Upgrade and
Expansion Project
Western Samar Coastal Road
(Allen to Sta. Rita) Traffic
Management & Safety Projects
Guian Airport Project (new)
Sta. Rita - Quinapundan 69 kV T/L
Project (Sta. Rita - MacArthur)
Solid Waste Management System
(including MRF and sanitary landfill)
for Tacloban and adjacent
municipalities
Legend:
Type of
Project
Estimated
Cost
(Peso M)
Airport
250
National
Road
800
Airport
200
Power
Transmission
500
Solid Waste
Management
140
Level of
Priority
Significance
Improve
access
to
Calicoan
peninsula (components such as
runway are under construction)
Improve power supply to Eastern
Samar Area
Improve/
conserve
environment
natural
B
B
A
A
SDA G (Cluster 7)
Overview
This SDA is comprised of the three TDAs:
This SDA has a range of attractions extreme sports at the Camsur Water Sports
Complex (CWC) in Pili; hiking, climbing and adventure in the Mount Isarog National
Park; whale shark interaction at Donsol; diving off Ticao Island in Masbate;
beach/island resorts in the Albay Gulf.
A new airport in Daraga in Albay Province by 2010 will supplant Legazpi City (the
present tourist service area) as the main tourist/ visitor air gateway for Region V (Bicol
Region).
The constraints to tourism development are:
Situated in typhoon belt and active volcanic area
Inadequate tourism infrastructure
Low level of tourism industry development
Low market awareness
Incompatible industries such as mining (e.g., Cagraray Island in Albay)
Table 32.3: Proposed Infrastructure Projects
Name of Project/Location
National Road (Sorsogon to Camarines
Norte) Upgrade, Traffic Management &
Safety Projects
Pili-Naga Airport Relocation Project
Mainline South Railway (Southrail)
Project: Phase 1B Lucena-Legaspi
Mainline South Railway (Southrail)
Project: Phase II: Extension to Sorsogon
Region V Multi-Modal & Terminal
Projects
San Fernando-Oas Pan Philippine
Highway Section Camarines Sur-Albay
Diversion Road
41 MW Rangas Geothermal Project
Steamfield Development (Sorsogon)
40 MW Tanawon Project, Sorsogon
Bicol Emergency Power Restoration
Solid Waste Management System
(including MRF and sanitary landfill) for
Legazpi and surrounding municipalities
Legend:
Type of
Project
Estimated
Cost
(Peso M)
Significance
National
Road
1,600
Airport
1,000
Rail
22,460
Rail
15,970
Transit
1,800
National
Road
2,180
Power
Generation
Power
Generation
Power Transmission
Solid Waste
Management
4,210
5,000
1,120.00
140
Level of
Priority
natural
C
B
B
B
B
B
A
33.
PROJECT FICHES
33.1
33.1.1
Infrastructure
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Due to limited space and facilities of the passenger handling areas at the Kalibo
Airport, it is unable to receive a larger number of passengers comfortably,
particularly arrivals.
The proposed expansion of the passenger handling areas would provide a more
comfortable and warm welcome to ever-increasing volumes of foreign tourists who
fly in direct from international points of origin.
Justification
Promotion of Boracay, Aklan Province and the Central Philippines Super Region
through a modern and efficient international airport passenger facility.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 50 million
Time Lines
2008-2011
Implementation
Agencies
TDA 1.1
A solid waste management system involves recycling and reduction of solid waste.
It is also about collection, handling, processing, and disposal of solid waste. A
responsive solid waste management system has to be planned in order to preserve
the natural environment and sustain tourism on Boracay Island.
An effective collection and handling system will ensure that solid waste is processed
and brought to either a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) or a sanitary landfill site.
Both facilities will have to be located on the mainland of Malay municipality (Aklan
province) where land for such purposes would be cheaper to acquire. (See Sanitary
Landfill Site as a separate Project Sheet). A docking area which serves as a
transfer station for boats to pick up and bring solid wastes to the mainland will have
to be constructed.
This project aims to provide a modern and efficient IPT facility for foreign and local
tourists and visitors to Aklan and the rest of the Central Philippines super region.
Justification
The steady increase of tourist arrivals on the island will also bring about a
corresponding increase in generated liquid wastes that would exceed the capacity
of the existing sewage treatment plant (STP). The liquid waste management project
would address the estimated increase in volume of liquid wastes on the island in the
next ten years.
A solid waste management system will help eradicate the common practices of
garbage disposal, which include burning, indiscriminate throwing and dumping in
waterways, and seas. It will also change the attitudes of resort operators and
residents and encourage them to reuse, recycle and reduce solid waste.
With the expected increase in tourist arrivals, a sewerage system for the proper
collection and disposal of liquid wastes on the island will be needed to help
preserve the natural beauty of the island.
Solid and liquid wastes can be disposed of and managed properly
Environmental protection and promotion
Cleaner environment brings good health and preserves the island environment
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 400 million for Solid Waste Management System and about P 400 million for
the expanded sewerage system.
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
4
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA 1.1
TDA(s)
TDA 1.2
Description
An important component of the solid waste management system for Boracay Island
is the Sanitary Landfill which is to be located on the mainland of Malay municipality
(Aklan Province).
Description
The increasing number of tourist arrivals on Boracay Island has strained its capacity
to handle generated solid waste. An engineered sanitary landfill on the mainland of
Malay municipality will assure that solid waste from Boracay Island and the rest of
Malay municipality will be disposed of in a safe manner in the next ten years.
Justification
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 140 million (Acquisition of land, and construction and operation of the landfill)
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
A sanitary landfill for a cluster of municipalities will allow the sharing of costs of
acquiring land, building the facility, and also operating it.
Justification
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 140 million (Acquisition of land, and construction and operation of the landfill)
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
Local Governments of San Jose, Santa Fe, Looc, and Alcantara municipalities and
the Romblon Provincial Government
REF
5
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
6
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA 1.1
TDA(s)
TDA 1.1
Description
The project aims to connect Boracay Island to the proposed Villasiga Hydropower
Plant Project located in Sibalom, Antique which has a capacity of 16.5 MW (See
separate Project Sheet) through high-powered transmission lines. The distance
between the proposed hydropower plant and Boracay Island is about 100
kilometers.
Description
The increase in the number of resorts and hotels on Boracay Island will result in a
considerable increase in demand for power, that can be supplied by the proposed
Villasiga Hydropower Plant. Several municipalities in Antique between Sibalom and
Boracay also stand to benefit from the upgrading of the transmission lines.
Justification
Power is essential for the continued operation of tourism hotels, resorts, and
facilities on Boracay Island. The Villasiga Hydropower Plant has the capacity to
supply the projected future demand for power of Boracay Island.
Justification
A reliable supply of power can sustain tourism activity on Boracay Island for the next
ten years as tourist arrivals are expected to increase further.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2010 2012
Time Lines
2008 -2010
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
REF
7
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
8
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA 1.1
TDA(s)
TDA 1.1
Description
This project is proposed to ensure the provision of safe and adequate water supply
in Boracay Island. The project will involve technical and financial assistance for the
development of potable water supply systems (Levels I and II) and rehabilitation
and expansion of the existing Level III water supply system.
Description
The Villasiga Hydropower Plant Project located in Sibalom, Antique has a capacity
of 16.5 MW.
Justification
Justification
The project is expected to augment the total capacity of power in Panay Island to
avert power shortages in the region, and to ensure sufficient and efficient
distribution of electricity. This would ultimately result in a reduction of the cost of
electricity.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008-2009
Time Lines
2008-2009
Implementation
Agencies
Provincial Government
Implementation
Agencies
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
BIRD SANCTUARY
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
Description
The project involves the declaration of the Yapak bird sanctuary by the
DENR as a critical habitat. It will also undertake an information and
education campaign for the local residents, business establishments and
the tourists on the importance of the bird sanctuary and its contribution in
ecotourism. Lastly, the project will provide the facility fund for the protection
of the remaining forest cover and bird sanctuary through monitoring and
enforcement of environmental laws. It will also undertake the development
of the bird sanctuary as a tourism product.
Justification
Justification
The land where the bird sanctuary is located is a titled land. However,
there is an urgent need to declare the area as a critical habitat with the
agreement of the land owner so that the necessary measures to protect the
area can immediately be put in place before the sanctuary is transformed
into a built-up area. The bird sanctuary can be a tourist attraction and will
generate revenues for the local government with a share given to the land
owner.
Growth in foreign tourist arrivals (including overseas Filipinos) from 217,000 in 2006
to 820,000 in 2016; growth in domestic tourist arrivals (staying at serviced
accommodation establishments) from 358,000 in 2006 to 930,000 in 2016.
Benefits/ Impacts
The project will preserve the remaining forest in Boracay and the diverse
species of birds found in it. It will also generate awareness among local
residents, business establishments and tourists on the importance of the
bird sanctuary and their role in maintaining it. The sanctuary can be
developed into a tourism product and generate revenues for the local
government and land owner
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Two Years. Years 1 and 2 will cover the declaration of the bird sanctuary
as a critical habitat and protected area. Year 2 will launch an intensified
education and information campaign and protection measures.
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
DOT.
PROJECT
TITLE
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
PROJECT
TITLE
Type
Type
Training
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
Description
Justification
Local government officials have limited capacity and experiences in tourismrelated topics. They recognize the need for training, especially in tourism
sector management and marketing. In addition, the promotion of cultural
heritage in the tourism industry results in some unavoidable negative impacts
because of the exposure of the archaeological sites, historical monuments or
indigenous communities to visitors.
Benefits/ Impacts
As a result of the program it is expected that the LGU officials will become
knowledgeable as to how they can promote their destinations effectively to
visitors and potential investors. They will learn how to devise appropriate and
cost-effective marketing strategies. The creation of an integrated, welldesigned, Local Government Cultural Tourism Program (CTP) for example
involving all the interested cities and municipalities in the SDA will address the
situational need to deter the depletion of cultural and historical heritage. This
Cultural Tourism Program will complement and link-up the tourism
development plan of the municipalities.
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
The community will benefit from these programs through the capacity
strengthening of competent local leadership able to make sound decisions for
the communitys benefit; the organization of the community into a cohesive
peoples association; the improvement or enhancement of the communitys
economic activities; and the local community in general through the
prevention of environmental deterioration.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
The proposed project involves the improvement of two Ro-Ro facilities on both
sides of the Guimaras Strait to allow more efficient movement of people and goods
between Iloilo City and Guimaras Island. The province of Guimaras has many sites
for beach resorts and agriculture-tourism while Iloilo City has the airport, seaport,
and many hotels.
Description
A sanitary landfill for Iloilo City and its neighboring municipalities would ensure that
the solid wastes in the area will be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable
manner. Iloilo City is considered the tourist service center of TDA 2.1, and therefore
is expected to receive a large number of tourists. A sanitary landfill as a means of
disposing solid waste will help keep Iloilo City and surrounding municipalities clean.
Constructing and operating a single sanitary landfill for a cluster of cities and
municipalities will be more economical than operating several independent sanitary
landfills. A feasibility study will have to be conducted to determine the most suitable
and economical site for the sanitary landfill.
Justification
The upgrading of existing Ro-Ro facilities and passenger terminals in Iloilo City and
Jordan, Guimaras, will make movement of tourists across Guimaras Strait more
efficient and comfortable.
Justification
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 75 million (Acquisition of land, and construction and operation of the landfill)
The proposed improvement of Ro-Ro facilities will effectively increase the capacity
of vehicle transfers and the number of passengers ferried across the Guimaras
Strait. This will boost tourism in both Iloilo province and Guimaras province.
Benefits & Impacts
Promotion of Iloilo province, Guimaras province and the Central Philippines Super
Region through an efficient Roll-on Roll-off system.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 50 million for the Iloilo Ro-Ro facility and P50 million for the Guimaras Roll-on
Roll-off facility.
Time Lines
2008-2011
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
REF
4
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
In anticipation of a significant increase in tourism activity in Bacolod City and its
neighboring LGUs (e.g. Talisay City, Silay City, Granada), a sanitary landfill will be
an important component of a solid waste management system.
Description
The project is under the Road Network Improvement for Development of Regional
Growth Centers for Metro Bacolod. It involves the construction of a 10.1 km access
road that will connect Bacolod and the new Bacolod-Silay Airport.
Justification
The project is vital to avoid traffic bottlenecks along McKinley Road, which connects
Silay and the provincial capital, Bacolod.
It would be more economical and efficient to build and operate a single sanitary
landfill for a cluster of LGUs rather than having several landfills operating
independently. A sanitary landfill for a cluster of municipalities will allow the sharing
of costs of acquiring land, building the facility, and also operating it. A feasibility
study has to be conducted to find the most suitable site for the sanitary landfill.
Justification
Opening up the new access road will cut travel time for those going to the airport
from Bacolod City as they will no longer have to pass through the city proper of
Silay.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 75 million (Acquisition of land, and construction and operation of the landfill)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
Time Lines
2008-2010
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
REF
5
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
6
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
Description
Justification
Justification
Among the perceived direct impacts of the project are faster travel time and reduced
travel costs. Therefore, the project is expected to increase the influx of tourists and
intensify tourism activities in the island.
The perceived impacts of the project are faster travel time and reduced travel costs,
thus, increasing tourist movements and tourism activities in the island.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 70 million
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008-2010
Time Lines
2008-2010
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
REF
1
TDA(s)
PROJECT
TITLE
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Growth in foreign tourist arrivals (including overseas Filipinos) from 125,000 in 2006
to 270,000 in 2016; growth in domestic tourist arrivals (staying at serviced
accommodation establishments) from 835,000 in 2006 to 1,750,000 in 2016.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
DOT.
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
The project will involve the following major activities and components: 1)
Preparation of management zoning and plan for Taklong island and its
marine reserve for better management; 2) Implementation of the zoning
scheme and management guidelines; 3) Patrolling and monitoring of the
protected area; and 4) Ecotourism promotion and marketing.
Justification
Description
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
REF
1
Type
Type
TDA(s)
Iloilo/Guimaras/Bacolod
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
The community will benefit from these programs through the capacity
strengthening of competent local leadership able to make sound decisions for
the communitys benefit; the organization of the community into a cohesive
peoples association; the improvement or enhancement of the communitys
economic activities; and the local community in general through the
prevention of environmental deterioration.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
PROJECT
TITLE
Training
Description
Justification
Local government officials have limited capacity and experiences in tourismrelated topics. They recognize the need for training, especially in tourism
sector management and marketing. In addition, the promotion of cultural
heritage in the tourism industry results in some unavoidable negative impacts
because of the exposure of the archaeological sites, historical monuments or
indigenous communities to visitors.
Benefits/ Impacts
As a result of the program it is expected that the LGU officials will become
knowledgeable as to how they can promote their destinations effectively to
visitors and potential investors. They will learn how to devise appropriate and
cost-effective marketing strategies. The creation of an integrated, welldesigned, Local Government Cultural Tourism Program (CTP) for example
involving all the interested cities and municipalities in the SDA will address the
situational need to deter the depletion of cultural and historical heritage. This
Cultural Tourism Program will complement and link-up the tourism
development plan of the municipalities.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
A cruise ship port cum international marina in the capital city of Cebu (eastern Cebu
Province) shall serve as a key entry and exit point for the Central Philippines Super
Region. The project could accommodate vessels ranging from small yachts to huge
international cruise ships carrying local and international tourists, visitors and
guests. The project aims to provide efficient and highly accessible 24-7 water
transport services to both local and foreign tourists.
An international standard cruise ship port coupled with an international marina in the
Port of Cebu can considerably address the growing tourist water transport demand
in the Central Philippines Super Region. The cruise ship port and marina shall serve
as the main ones for the super region and shall interconnect the smaller ones
proposed at Loon, Bohol and in the other islands in the area.
More tourists will be attracted and enticed to visit the Central Philippines Super
Region since water transport is one of the most affordable and more
pleasurable ways in getting to and out of the region.
Port improvements will induce the economic development of the affected and
neighboring island provinces.
Through the Port of Cebu, the Central Philippines Super Region becomes highly
accessible from any part of the Philippines and Southeast Asia or even the
Pacific rim.
Description
The Batayan Island airport must be upgraded to accommodate larger aircraft i.e.
40-seaters and above. This would create added access options since larger groups
of tourists from Manila or Cebu City can easily access the island. This project aims
to provide convenient and highly accessible air transport services to both local and
foreign tourists, quite possibly on a 24-7 basis if runway lighting and an instrument
landing system (ILS) could be installed in the future (not part of this proposal).
Justification
The airstrip needs to be improved to allow more tourists to visit Bantayan Island,
direct from the Mactan International Airport or from other airports in the country.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 2012
Time Lines
2008-2010
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
REF
4
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Due to limited space and facilities of the passenger handling areas at the Mactan
international airport, it is unable to a larger number of passengers comfortably,
particularly arrivals. The proposed expansion of the passenger handling areas
would be the answer to the ever-increasing volumes of foreign tourists who fly in
direct from international points of origin.
Description
Justification
An engineered landfill to be located in Bantayan Island can help manage the solid
waste disposal requirements of an important destination area in northern Cebu
Province while a counterpart liquid waste management project would address the
expected large volume of liquid wastes as the island is rapidly developing into a
major tourist and commercial destination. This project aims to establish a
comprehensive waste management program that shall address and complement
the development of Bantayan Island as it emerges as a new tourist destination for
the country.
The proposed engineered landfill is in support of the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (Republic Act or R.A. No. 9003). The landfill shall address the
ever-increasing volume of solid and liquid wastes in the island. Also, this will help
eradicate the common practices of garbage disposal, which include burning,
indiscriminate throwing and dumping in waterways, rivers and seas i.e. all acts that
are clearly detrimental to the environment and health of the island dwellers. Due to
the expected development on the island as it becomes a new tourist destination,
there is a need to come up with the sewerage management plan to guide
engineers, urban planners and other physical planning professionals, developers
and investor on the design of sanitary and sewerage systems for the proper
disposal of liquid wastes in the island.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 200 million (Phase 1 only); expected total project cost at about P 600 million
(all phases)
2008 2010
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
Promotion of Cebu Province and the Central Philippines Super Region through a
modern and efficient international airport passenger facility.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
REF
5
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
REF
6
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
An engineered landfill for Cebu City (and Metropolitan Cebu) can help manage the
solid waste disposal requirements of key areas in the central areas of the province.
However, in order to share the required financial resources and manpower, a
clustered approach to include the surrounding towns is proposed.
Description
Justification
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
PhP 10 million
Time Lines
Time Lines
Implementation
Agencies
Local Government Unit (LGU) of Cebu City (and the other component towns of
Metropolitan Cebu)
Implementation
Agencies
REF
7
PROJECT
TITLE
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
The Liloan-Sogod Road is part of the proposed Cebu City-Bogo Road improvement
project identified by the government as one of the priority road projects. It involves
the construction of about 50 kms of national roads, including upgrading of bridges
and other appurtenances.
Description
This project is proposed to ensure the provision of safe and adequate water supply
to the island of Bantayan, Cebu. The project involves technical and financial
assistance for the development of potable water supply systems.
The project is an important link of the Central Nautical Highway System, and
therefore, improvement of all roads including permanent bridges is a priority of the
government.
Justification
Safe and potable water is a vital component of economic growth and a catalyst to
alleviate poverty. Adequate and sustainable water is crucial to improve the quality of
life especially those in the rural areas.
The expected impacts of the project are faster travel time and reduced travel costs.
The project is also perceived to increase and intensify tourism activities in the
northern part of Cebu.
Expected project benefits are reduced waterborne diseases, and enhanced access
of the rural population to sustainable water supply. This would then result to an
improvement of public health, socio-economic conditions and quality of life in the
island of Bantayan, Cebu.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008-2010
Implementation
Agencies
Provincial Government
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008-2010
Implementation
Agencies
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
This proposed project would augment the provision of safe and adequate water
supply in Metro Cebu to be achieved through the implementation of Level III water
supply systems.
Description
Justification
Justification
The project is expected to enhance access of the population to safe and potable
water supply, thus improving public health and quality of life in Metro Cebu.
Growth in foreign tourist arrivals (including overseas Filipinos) from 478,000 in 2006
to 2,010,000 in 2016; growth in domestic tourist arrivals (staying at serviced
accommodation establishments) from 772,000 in 2006 to 2,010,000 in 2016.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008-2009
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
Implementation
Agencies
DOT.
Update CLUP
Develop Cebu as home port for cruises
Prepare Destination Management Plan
Destination Promotion
- web-site development
- collateral production
- consumer & trade promotions
Research and Statistics
Air access promotions
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Description
The coastal resource management project will involve the protection and
rehabilitation of the ecologically fragile coastal habitats in island ecosystems of
Bantayan and Malapascua. Its components will include: a) carrying capacity
studies, mapping and management zoning of the islands; b) organization and
social mobilization of local communities in rehabilitating degraded areas and in
protecting pristine areas for ecotourism and fisheries productivity; c) surveillance
and patrolling of coastal waters against illegal fishing and destruction of
mangrove areas; d) conduct of alternative livelihood projects for coastal fishing
communities project; e) establishment of marine sanctuaries; and f) information
and education campaign on coastal resources conservation and protection
directed at local communities.
Justification
The project will conserve coastal resources and protect critical coastal habitats
and marine wildlife from misuse and abuse by local fishing communities. It will
preserve the beauty of natural attractions in the islands coastal areas such as
beaches, swimming waters, coral reefs, and mangrove forest areas. Aside from
enhancing ecotourism in these islands, the project will also improve the
productivity of fisheries in areas around sanctuaries.
Benefits/ Impacts
The project will bring about the following benefits: 1) improve productivity of
fishing grounds near marine sanctuaries; 2) maintain and enhance tourism
attractions such as coral reefs and mangrove forests; and 3) generate
employment and income from ecotourism and alternative livelihood.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Five Years. Year 1 will be spent in mapping and validating in the field
the identified location of the rare wildlife species. Years 2 to 5 will be
devoted to the preparation and implementation of the protection
program (monitoring and environmental law enforcement). Years 3 to
5 will cover the packaging of tourism products and their promotion and
offering to the tourism market, targeting a particular market segment.
Implementing Agency(cies)
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
4
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Metropolitan Cebu
Description
Description
The project will have the following components and activities: 1) Identification
and selection of cultural heritage for restoration and rehabilitation; 2)
Restoration of historical buildings, monuments and cultural icons and religious
relics; and 4) Promotion and marketing of cultural heritage sites.
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Justification
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
PhP 50 million
Time Lines
Five Years. Year 1 will involve the identification and selection of cultural
heritage for restoration and rehabilitation. Years 2 to 4 will commence the
restoration and rehabilitation works of selected cultural heritage buildings,
monuments and other structures. Year 3 will involve the start of promotion
and marketing of cultural tourism in the two provinces.
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Type
TDA(s)
Metro Cebu and islands, Sogod, San Remigio, and Bantayan and
Malapascua islands.
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
The community will benefit from these programs through the capacity
strengthening of competent local leadership able to make sound decisions for
the communitys benefit; the organization of the community into a cohesive
peoples association; the improvement or enhancement of the communitys
economic activities; and the local community in general through the
prevention of environmental deterioration.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
PROJECT
2
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
PROJECT
TITLE
Type
Training
TDA(s)
Metro Cebu and islands, Sogod, San Remigio, and Bantayan and
Malapascua islands.
Description
Justification
Local government officials have limited capacity and experiences in tourismrelated topics. They recognize the need for training, especially in tourism
sector management and marketing. In addition, the promotion of cultural
heritage in the tourism industry results in some unavoidable negative impacts
because of the exposure of the archaeological sites, historical monuments or
indigenous communities to visitors.
Benefits/ Impacts
As a result of the program it is expected that the LGU officials will become
knowledgeable as to how they can promote their destinations effectively to
visitors and potential investors. They will learn how to devise appropriate and
cost-effective marketing strategies. The creation of an integrated, welldesigned, Local Government Cultural Tourism Program (CTP) for example
involving all the interested cities and municipalities in the SDA will address the
situational need to deter the depletion of cultural and historical heritage. This
Cultural Tourism Program will complement and link-up the tourism
development plan of the municipalities.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
33.4
SDA D: BOHOL
33.4.1 Infrastructure
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
The Project would enable the existing airport to operate beyond 5:30 p.m.,
when non-lighted runways are required to cease operating. The upgrades
would also allow the airport to receive direct commercial or charter tourist or
business flights from South Korean cities such as Seoul. Once the airport is
shut down to give way to the new Panglao international airport, both the
runway lights and ILS could be reused elsewhere, preferably in Ubay,
Northern Bohol Province.
Benefits/ Impacts
Higher mobility and access of tourists and visitors to Bohol Province; hence,
more tourists and investors can visit and put up businesses in Bohol Province
while the Panglao international airport project is under implementation.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
P 600 million
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Description
A cruise ship port cum marina in the town of Loon (western Bohol Province)
can serve as a key entry and exit point for Bohol. The project could
accommodate vessels ranging from small yachts to medium cruise ships
carrying local and international tourists, visitors and guests. The project aims
to provide efficient and highly accessible 24-7 water transport services to both
local and foreign tourists.
Justification
Aside from the domestic base port of Tagbilaran City, there are presently four
(4) major terminal ports that function significantly in transporting tourists,
visitors, locals and cargoes in different parts of Bohol Province. These are
Tubigon (also on the western side of Bohol, across Cebu Province), Talibon
and Ubay on the northern part of Bohol (across Leyte Province), and Jagna
(across Mindanao). To date, these 4 seaports are in generally poor to only
satisfactory condition and still lacking many facilities for international
standards of travel. An international standard cruise ship port and marina in
Loon town can considerably address the growing tourist water transport
demand in Bohol.
Benefits/ Impacts
More tourists will be attracted and enticed to visit Bohol Province since
water transport is one of the most affordable and more pleasurable ways in
getting to and out of the Province.
Port improvements will induce the economic development of the affected
and neighboring towns.
Bohol becomes highly accessible from any part of the Philippines and
Southeast Asia or even the Pacific rim.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 2011
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
REF
4
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
A new international airport that would cater to the increasing air passenger
demand in Bohol, thereby boosting the tourism industry not only in the
Province of Bohol but also in the newly-established Central Philippines Super
Region. This project aims to provide a modern and efficient international
airport that can bring in safely and comfortably, foreign and local tourists and
visitors to Bohol Province on a 24-7 basis.
The project consists of the following components:
Airport Site Development
Construction of Airport Terminal Building, Runways, Taxiways and other
airport facilities
Justification
Due to limited space and facilities of Tagbilaran Airport in the capital city of
Bohol, it could not accommodate bigger and international standard passenger
and cargo airplanes. There is therefore a need to develop not just a domestic
airport, but an international airport at the Panglao airport site, which is
proximate to the pristine Panglao Island beaches, Tagbilaran city and other
key tourist destinations within Bohol Province. The proposed Panglao
international airport would be the answer to the ever-increasing volumes of
foreign tourists who can fly in direct from Japan, Korea, USA and European
countries and who visit Bohols high-quality tourist destination and heritage
sites.
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 2011
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
5
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
REF
6
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
An engineered landfill for Tagbilaran City can help manage the solid waste
disposal requirements of key areas in Bohol Province. However, in order to
share the required financial resources and manpower, a clustered approach
to include the surrounding towns is proposed. The estimated minimum landfill
requirement needed for Bohol Province stands at 38.0 hectares (has).
Description
Justification
Justification
The proposed sanitary landfills are in support of the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act (Republic Act or R.A. No. 9003). The landfills address the
ever-increasing volume of generated solid waste in Bohol Province. Also,
these will eradicate the common practices of garbage disposal, which include
burning, indiscriminate throwing and dumping in waterways, rivers and seas
i.e. all acts that are clearly detrimental to the environment and health of
Boholanos.
Benefits/ Impacts
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
7
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
8
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
The project, when completed, is envisioned to provide fast and reliable access
to Panglao Island as well as complement the Panglao International Airport
Project.
Benefits/ Impacts
Completion of the roads will reduce travel time and costs, and is expected to
intensify tourism activities in the island.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 2010
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2009-2011
Implementing
Agency(cies)
TransCo
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
collateral production
consumer & trade promotions
Research and Statistics
Justification
Growth in foreign tourist arrivals (including overseas Filipinos) from 48,000 in 2006
to 260,000 in 2016; growth in domestic tourist arrivals (staying at serviced
accommodation establishments) from 170,000 in 2006 to 520,000 in 2016.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
DOT.
implementation of the management zoning and guidelines that will involve the
training of concerned LGU officials in the integration of the zoning and plan
into their comprehensive land use and development plan (CLUP and CDP).
Year 3 will cover the passage of a provincial ordinance adopting the ecological
zoning and management plan for the province.
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
2
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
Bohol Province
Description
Benefits/ Impacts
The project will provide the instruments necessary for the management of the
natural endowments of the province. The ecological zoning and management
plan will guide the sustainable development of the province and further
enhance ecotourism by ensuring that its natural attractions are properly
protected.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
PhP 30 million
Time Lines
Three years. Year 1 and half of Year 2 will be devoted to the preparation of the
management zoning and plan for the island. Year 2 and 3 will cover the
TDA(s)
Bohol Province
Description
The project will have the following components and activities: 1) Identification
and selection of cultural heritage for restoration and rehabilitation; 2)
Restoration of historical buildings, monuments and cultural icons and religious
relics; and 4) Promotion and marketing of cultural heritage sites.
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
PhP 50 million
Time Lines
Five Years. Year 1 will involve the identification and selection of cultural
heritage for restoration and rehabilitation. Years 2 to 4 will commence the
restoration and rehabilitation works of selected cultural heritage buildings,
monuments and other structures. Year 3 will involve the start of promotion and
marketing of cultural tourism in the two provinces.
Implementing
Agency(cies)
TDA(s)
Justification
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Type
SDA D
Bohol
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
The community will benefit from these programs through the capacity
strengthening of competent local leadership able to make sound decisions for
the communitys benefit; the organization of the community into a cohesive
peoples association; the improvement or enhancement of the communitys
economic activities; and the local community in general through the
prevention of environmental deterioration.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
1
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
PROJECT
TITLE
Justification
Local government officials have limited capacity and experiences in tourismrelated topics. They recognize the need for training, especially in tourism
sector management and marketing. In addition, the promotion of cultural
heritage in the tourism industry results in some unavoidable negative impacts
because of the exposure of the archaeological sites, historical monuments or
indigenous communities to visitors.
Benefits/ Impacts
As a result of the program it is expected that the LGU officials will become
knowledgeable as to how they can promote their destinations effectively to
visitors and potential investors. They will learn how to devise appropriate and
cost-effective marketing strategies. The creation of an integrated, welldesigned, Local Government Cultural Tourism Program (CTP) for example
involving all the interested cities and municipalities in the SDA will address the
situational need to deter the depletion of cultural and historical heritage. This
Cultural Tourism Program will complement and link-up the tourism
development plan of the municipalities.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
TDA(s)
Description
The Puerto Princesa Airport is the main gateway to Puerto Princesa City and
the rest of Palawan province as it receives regular flights from Metro Manila
and Cebu City. International chartered flights from Hong Kong, Shanghai, and
Seoul are also known to land at the Puerto Princesa Airport.
This project aims to provide a modern and efficient passenger terminal facility
for foreign and local tourists and visitors to Palawan. An expanded and
improved international passenger terminal (IPT) facility at the Puerto Princesa
Airport would meet the air passenger demand in the next ten years, thereby
further boosting the tourism industry in SDA-H and the rest of Palawan
Province.
Justification
Due to limited space and facilities of the passenger handling areas at the
Puerto Princesa Airport, it is unable to receive and process a larger number of
passengers comfortably. The proposed expansion of the passenger handling
areas would provide a more comfortable and warm welcome to the increasing
volumes of foreign tourists who fly in direct from international points of origin.
Benefits/ Impacts
33.5
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
PhP 80 million
Time Lines
2008-2011
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Type
Training
SDA D
Bohol
Description
SDA H: PALAWAN
33.5.1 Infrastucture
REF
3
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
4
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
A sanitary landfill for San Vicente, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay would ensure
that the solid wastes in the area will be disposed of in an environmentally
acceptable manner. El Nido and Taytay are established ecotourism-adventure
destinations known for their pristine environments. Although the number of
tourist arrivals has been limited because of the lack of access in the last ten
years, the expected completion of the new airport in San Vicente and the new
roads from Puerto Princesa will inevitably see a sharp increase in the next few
years. A solid waste management system with a shared sanitary landfill as a
means of disposing solid waste will help preserve the natural environment of
San Vicente, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay. Constructing and operating a single
sanitary landfill for three or more municipalities will be more economical than
operating several independent sanitary landfills. A feasibility study will have to
be conducted to determine the most suitable and economical site for the
sanitary landfill.
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
PROJECT
TITLE
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
Description
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Area is one of the most popular
ecotourism sites in Puerto Princesa City. The Sabang area is currently where
the resorts and restaurants are located as overnight stays are not allowed in
the Underground
River
Area. Tourists
and to
stay
overnight at cruise
Sabang
Upgrading
the Puerto
Princesaarrive
Seaport
accommodate
ships will
and havemake
to take
tripand
to reach
the Underground
River.
The Super
thethe
cityout-rigger
one of theboat
entry
exit points
for the Central
Philippines
transfer of
visitors
by
boats
is
made
difficult
because
of
the
absence
of
a
jetty
Region. The project would allow calls by international cruise ships carrying
on both ends
of theand
boat
trip.
both local
international
tourists, visitors and guests. Cruise ships bring in
thousands of tourists and encourage them to travel to other areas within the
A jetty onCentral
Sabang
will facilitate
boarding
and disembarking from the boats,
Philippines
Super
Region.
thereby making the boat trip more pleasant for tourists.
An international standard cruise ship port in Puerto Princesa City will help
attract the growing cruise market to the Central Philippines Super Region.
The cruise ship port shall interconnect with other cruise ship ports in the
Central Philippines and even other Southeast Asian cities.
Justification
The jetty project will provide a more efficient, safe and comfortable means of
boarding and disembarking boats in this Tourism Site. It will allow ease of
setting off even during low tide.
Benefits/ Impacts
More tourists will be attracted and enticed to visit the Central Philippines
Super Region since leisure cruises is one of the more pleasurable ways of
getting to and out of the region.
Port improvements will induce the economic development of Puerto
Princesa City and neighboring municipalities.
Benefits/ Impacts
The project
is expected
reduce travel
time and
of travel,
Through
the toimproved
seaport,
the increase
Central comfort
Philippines
Super Region
which maybecomes
result to increased
tourist
arrivals
in
the
area.
highly accessible from any part of the Philippines and East Asia.
Estimated
PhP 100 million
Cost (PhP M)
Estimated
PhP 2 million
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2010 2012
Implementing
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA)
Time Lines
Agency(cies) 2008 - 2010
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
5
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
REF
6
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
The Puerto Princesa Subterranean River Area is one of the most popular
ecotourism sites in Puerto Princesa City. The Sabang area is currently where
the resorts and restaurants are located while the Underground River Area is
where the ecotourism activities are experienced.
Description
Tourists stay overnight and take off from Sabang by boat to reach the
Underground River Area. The docking of boats and disembarking of visitors
are made difficult because of the absence of a jetty in the Underground River
Area. After the tour of the Underground River is over, boarding is likewise an
inconvenience as visitors often have to wade on water to get on board the
out-rigger boats.
A jetty at the Underground River Area will facilitate boarding and
disembarking from the out-rigger boats, thereby making the ecotourism
experience more pleasant.
Justification
The jetty project will provide a more efficient, safe and comfortable means of
boarding and disembarking boats in this Tourism Site. It will allow ease of
setting off even during low tide.
Justification
The road project will provide reliable access to one of Palawans major tourist
destinations. The project is also envisioned to alleviate poverty in the rural
areas traversed by the road.
Benefits/ Impacts
The project is expected to reduce travel time and increase comfort of travel,
which may result to increased tourist arrivals in the area.
Benefits/ Impacts
The project is expected to reduce travel time and increase comfort of travel,
which will result in increased tourist arrivals in the area.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
PhP 2 million
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
PhP 30 million
Time Lines
2008 - 2010
Time Lines
2008 - 2010
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
7
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
REF
8
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
The San Jose Port Barton Road Project involves the upgrading of about 40
kilometers of national roads including the construction of bridges, drainage
and other appurtenances.
Description
The Itabiak to San Vicente Road Project involves the upgrading of about 20
kilometers of roads including the upgrading of bridges and drainage along the
road.
Justification
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Benefits/ Impacts
Among the perceived impacts of the project are faster travel time and reduced
travel costs. The project is also expected to increase the influx of tourists in
the San Vicente Area of Northern Palawan.
Among the perceived impacts of the project are faster travel time and reduced
travel costs, which could result to increased tourist arrivals and activities in the
area.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 2010
Time Lines
2008 2010
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
9
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
REF
10
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Description
Justification
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 - 2009
Time Lines
2008 - 2009
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Implementing
Agency(cies)
PROJECT
TITLE
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
TDA(s)
Description
This project is proposed to ensure the provision of safe and adequate water
supply in Puerto Princesa City. The project involves technical and financial
assistance for the development of potable water supply systems and
rehabilitation and expansion of the existing Level III water supply system.
Justification
Adequate and sustainable water is crucial to improve the quality of life and is
a vital component of economic growth and a catalyst to alleviate poverty.
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
2008 - 2009
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
1
LGU/LWUA
Description
Justification
Growth in foreign tourist arrivals (including overseas Filipinos) from 50,000 in 2006
to 265,000 in 2016; growth in domestic tourist arrivals (staying at serviced
accommodation establishments) from 140,000 in 2006 to 435,000 in 2016.
Estimated
Costs (PhP M)
Time Lines
10 years.
Implementation
Agencies
DOT.
REF
PROJECT
1
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
The subterranean river national park, which is about 8.2 km long, is the
leading tourism attraction of the City of Puerto Princesa and a UNESCO
World Heritage site. Hence, the protection and conservation of this national
treasure is the primary concern of the City government.
Benefits/ Impacts
The project will address the problems on the degradation of the natural
attractions in the subterranean river and its environs. It will enhance tourism
in the area and attract more visitors once its facilities are improved and its
overnight accommodation capacity is increased.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
3
PROJECT
TITEL
TDA(s)
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Type
SDA H
Northern Palawan
Description
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
The community will benefit from these programs through the capacity
strengthening of competent local leadership able to make sound decisions for
the communitys benefit; the organization of the community into a cohesive
peoples association; the improvement or enhancement of the communitys
economic activities; and the local community in general through the
prevention of environmental deterioration.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Implementing
Agency(cies)
REF
2
PROJECT
TITLE
TDA(s)
Description
The project will involve the field verification of identified and previously
mapped critically-denuded areas in Taytay and San Vicente under the
ECAN project. Reforestation will comprise the bulk of the project activities
supported by monitoring and enforcement of environmental laws and
regulations.
Justification
Benefits/ Impacts
Denuded areas in Taytay and San Vicente cause erosion of top soil and
siltation of coastal waters. These environmental phenomena negatively
affect upland agroforestry and coastal fisheries production. Allowing the
situation to continue would also affect ecotourism in Taytay and San
Vicente municipalities which are frequented by tourists for their beautiful
beaches, intact coral reefs and dense forest. The rehabilitation of denuded
and degraded portions of forest ecosystem is warranted to arrest further
expansion and deterioration of the natural endowments in ecotourism
areas. Sustaining the conservation and protection of critical watershed
would also require that a system of surveillance, monitoring, enforcement
of environmental laws, apprehension and prosecution of violators be
undertaken.
The project will bring about the following benefits and impacts: 1) restore
the productivity and ecological services of forest and coastal marine
ecosystems; 2) protect and enhance natural attractions for ecotourism; and
3) provide employment and improve the income of upland farmers and
coastal fishers.
REF
1
PROJECT
TITLE
Type
Training
SDA D
Northern Palawan
Description
Justification
Local government officials have limited capacity and experiences in tourismrelated topics. They recognize the need for training, especially in tourism
sector management and marketing. In addition, the promotion of cultural
heritage in the tourism industry results in some unavoidable negative impacts
because of the exposure of the archaeological sites, historical monuments or
indigenous communities to visitors.
Benefits/ Impacts
As a result of the program it is expected that the LGU officials will become
knowledgeable as to how they can promote their destinations effectively to
visitors and potential investors. They will learn how to devise appropriate and
cost-effective marketing strategies. The creation of an integrated, welldesigned, Local Government Cultural Tourism Program (CTP) for example
involving all the interested cities and municipalities in the SDA will address the
situational need to deter the depletion of cultural and historical heritage. This
Cultural Tourism Program will complement and link-up the tourism
development plan of the municipalities.
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Estimated
Cost (PhP M)
Time Lines
Time Lines
Five Years. Year 1 will cover the field verification of critical areas for
reforestation. Years 2-5 will involve nursery establishment and reforestation
work including maintenance of seedlings. During the same period,
monitoring and enforcement of environmental laws will be intensified. A
monitoring and surveillance system will be put in place. A prosecutor and
judge will also be arranged through the project.
Implementing
Agency(cies)
Implementing
Agency(cies)