CHEM . RES . CHIN ESE U .

2002, 18( 3) , 274276

Analysis of Eff ective Composition of Hippophae Rhamnoides L.

JIN Xiang -jun
Dep artment of Chem ist ry , Bai cheng T eacher Col lege, Baicheng 137000, P . R . China
LU O Xu-y ang , WANG Ying , L IU Zai-qun, ZHANG Jing-w en and SU N Yun-x iu
Col lege of Chemi st ry of J ilin Univ ersity , Changchun 130023, P . R. China
Receiv ed Dec. 22, 2001
T he vit amin E , pro teins , amino -acids , sug ar , tr ace elements and fatty acids in t he o il o f H ip p op hae
R hamnoides L . seeds wer e quantitativ ely analyzed. Sever al methods fo r a nalyzing v itamin E wer e co mpar ed
w it h each o ther and the co ntent of g ossypol in the o il was first determ ined.
KeywordsH ip p op hae R hamnoides L . , Seeds oil, Co mposition analy sis
Articl e ID1005-9040( 2002) -03-274-03

Introduction
H ipp op hae R hamnoid es L . is a kind of
deciduo us arbor or bush, w hich is indispensable
w oods in w indy and dust y as w ell as arid areas,
and it is an idealized green prot ect iv e screen due t o
it s advantag es o f hig her surviv e rat e and less plant
diseases and insect pest s and t he ef fects of act ing as
w ind-break and sand-f ix at ion, conserv ing wat er
and improv ing t he so il . H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L .
show s preciously nut ritive value and medical value,
co nt ains m any kinds o f vit am in, pr ot eins, aminoacids , tr ace elem ent s and f att y acids, etc . .
H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . co nt ains valuable
ing redient s of t radit ional Chinese m edicine, and
show s t he eff ect s of str engt hening t he spleen and
st om ach t o pro mot e dig est ion, enr iching blood,
pr omot ing bloo d circulat io n, so ft ening bloo d v essel
and making body st rong and act ive . In the earl y
1980' s H ip p op hae R hamnoides L . w as ext ensivel y
inv estig ated w hich has laid the theoret ical
fo undat ions of the deep development and
indust rial ization of H ip p op hae R hamnoi des L .
pr oduct s.
H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . is m ainly produced
in t he t hree nort hern regions : Nort hw est China ,
Nort h China, Nort heast China. Nor thw est Jilin
Pro vince is one of t he producing areas of
H ipp op hae R hamnoid es L . . Ho wever,
t he
co mpo sit ion st udies about H ipp op hae Rhamnoides
L . pro duced in Jilin P rovince have r ar ely been
repo rted . In the present w or k , t he ef fect ive
co mpo sit ion o f t he juice of H ipp op hae Rhamnoides
T o w ho m cor respondence should be addr essed.

L . produced f rom Zhenlai count y , Jilin P rovince

and t he H ip p op hae R hamnoi des L . seeds were
inv est ig ated. T he result s show t hat t he H ipp op hae
Rhamnoides L . contains abundant vit amin C,
vit amin E , sugar , amino -acids , tr ace element s and
f at t y acids. T he t oxic com position , g ossypol w as
also anal yzed, w hich has pro vided t heoret ical basis
f or the devel opm ent and comprehensive application
of H ipp op hae R hamnoides L . produced in Jil in
pr ovince.
T he present paper co vers the invest igat ion of
t he composit ion of t he oil of t he H ipp op hae
Rhamnoides L . seeds.

Experimental
1Instrument and Material
T he inst rument s used in this inv estig ation
included a Japanese Shim adzu mo del UV -365
ultr aviolet spect rom et er , a Shim adzu CS -910
do uble -beam fluorescence scanner , a Hit achi m odel
838-50 aut om at ic anal yzer of amino-acid, an
Americal model HP5890 g as chromat og raph, an
American F innigan Mat m odel IT D 805A io n tr ap
mass spectr omet er and a model PHS -2 acidomet er .
H ipp op hae R ham noid es L . w as supplied by
Zhenlai County , Jilin Pro vince , and o t her chem ical
reagent s and the mast er samples were of analyt ical
gr ade.
2 Investigation of the Effective Compositi on of
the Oil of the Hippophae Rhamnoides L. Seeds
2. 1 T he E x traction of the Oil of the H ipp op hae
Rhamnoides L . S eeds
T he H ipp op hae R hamnoi des L . seeds were

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275

JI N X iang -jun et al .

gr ound and sieved t hrough a 40-mesh sieve -plat e

and t he separated H ip p op hae Rhamnoides L . seeds
po w der w as ref lux ed w it h et her f or 16 h in a
L iebig' s ex t ract or . Aft er the et her w as evaporat ed
out by heating , a r ed -black o il was obtained . T he
ext ract ion r at e w as 12. 5% .
2. 2 T he Phy sicochemical Paramet ers of
H ipp op hae R hamnoides L . Seeds Oil
T he densit y , t he index of r ef ract ion , t he
specific rot at ory pow er , t he acid num ber , t he

saponif icat ion value , t he carbon number and non saponif ied compounds w ere det erm ined by m eans of
[ 1]
t he convent ional m et hods respect ively .
2. 3 Comp osit ion A naly si s of H ipp op hae
Rhamnoides L . S eeds Oil
T he vitam in E , t he sugar , t he prot eins , t he
amino -acids , and t he t race elem ent s in t he oil of
t he H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . seeds were
det er mined . T he result s ar e show n in T able 1.

Table 1 The physicochemical parameters of the oils of the H ippophae Rhamnoides L .

seeds f rom diff erent parts of China
Regions
Densit y, d 20
4
Index of r ef ract ion, N D20
Specif ic rot at ory pow er, [ ] 20 4

0. 93

G ans u Pr ovince[ 2]
0. 93

Y an' an, Sh aanxi Provin ce [ 3]

0. 92

1. 479 1

1. 476 3

1. 459 2

Zhenlai C ou nt y, Jil in Pr ovin ce

+ 1. 017 5

+ 35

A cid num ber/ ( mg K O Hg - 1 )

5. 90

6. 40

15. 7

Saponif icat ion value/ ( mg KO Hg - 1 )

191. 2

180. 0

191. 0

Iodine val ue/ ( m g I 2 g - 1 )

150. 3

124

139. 3

M ass f ract ion of N on-saponif ied compoun ds( % )

0. 94

0. 92

M ass f ract ion of Protein( % )

94. 2
3. 17

Tot al am ou nt of s ugar/ ( 10- 2 mgg - 1 )

2. 4T he Content of t he Gossyp ol in the Oil of t he

H ipp op hae R hamnoides L . Seeds
Gossypol is t ox ic. T he cont ent of t he gossy pol
in t he o il of t he H ip p op hae Rhamnoides L . seeds
w as det ermined by t he st ibium tr ichloride m et hod
and w as compared w ith t hose of go ssy po l in t he
oils of peanut s, sunflo w er seeds, soy a-bean,
sesam e-seed, Eryt hr osep ola Bor b. o il and nat ur al
gr ape seeds.
2. 5T he Contents of the Fatty A cids in t he Oil of
the H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . S eeds
T he oil o f t he H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L .
seeds was hy dro lyzed by adding a base . Af ter t he
non -saponified compounds w ere separat ed, t he
mix ed f at ty acids w er e obtained by means of
acidif icat ion. T he mixed f at t y acids w ere esterif ied
w ith met hy l alcohol f or 3 h in the presence of a
so lid acid cat alyst , t he mix ed methy l esters of t he
fat t y acids w ere obtained and det ermined by means
of GC and GC / M S met hods . Aft er t he
normalizat ion o f t he peak areas , sev en kinds of
fat t y acids w er e f ound in the oil of t he H ipp op hae
Rhamnoides L . seeds , of w hich t he cont ent of
lino leic acid w as t he hig hest .

Results and Discussion

1 The physicochemical parameters of the oil of
the Hippophae Rhamnoides L. seeds
T he physicochemical paramet ers of t he oil of
t he H ip p op hae Rhamnoides L . seeds are

summarized in T able 1. F rom T able 1 it can be

seen that t he physicochemical par am et ers are
r espect ively sim ilar t o each ot her ex cept t he
specif ic rot at ory pow er. T he dif ference am ong t he
specif ic rot at ory po wers m ay be due t o t he dat e on
w hich t he H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . w as collect ed
and t he st orage tim e.
2The content of the vitamin E of the oil of the
Hippophae Rhamnoides L . Seeds and the
comparison of it with those of other oils
T he cont ent of vitam in E of t he oil of t he
H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . seeds w as det ermined
by means of t he t hree m et hods, i. e. , cerium
[ 4]
[ 2]
sulphat e t it rat io n , ult raviolet spect romet ry ,
and
double-beam
f luo rescence
scanning
spectro met ry. T he result s show that the cont ent
o bt ained by cerium sulphat e t itr at ion and
ult raviolet spectr omet ry is a lit t le higher due t o t he
int erf erence of any ot her com position in t he oil,
w hile t he det erminat ion of t he content of vitam in E
o f t he o il by t he double-beam f luorescence scanning
spectro met ry was carried out o nly aft er t he sam ple
had been separated by m eans o f T L C, t he
int erf erence of any o ther composit ion in t he oil w as
eliminated . T he result det ermined is accurat e .
F rom T able 2 w e can see that t he cont ent of
v it amin E in sesame seed oil is the hig hest am ong
t hem and t hat of H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . o il is
l ow er t han t hat of sesam e o il and hig her t han t hose


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CHEM . R ES . CHIN ESE U .

of o ther oils . T hus t he application of H ipp op hae

Rhamnoides L . in medicine is f ul l of hope .
Table 2 The comparison of the cont ents of
vitamin E in the oil of the Hippophae
Rhamnoides L. seeds and other oils
V E cont ent s/

Sample

( mg100 g - 1 )

O il of H ipp op hae R hamnoi des L . s eeds

51. 09

Sesame-s eed oil

84. 73

N at ur al grape-s eed oil

Soya -bean oil

22. 67
21. 46

Sun fl ow er oil

12. 87
9. 77

Peanut oil

3Amino-acids and Thei r Contents

T he analy t ic result show s t hat H ipp op hae
Rhamnoides L . cont ains 18 am ino-acids human
bodies need. T he cont ent o f serine and gly cine are
12. 097 mg / 100 mL and 8. 049 mg / 100 m L
respect iv ely , and t he content of aspart ic acid,
t hr eonine,
alut am ic acid,
lactam ic
acid,
pheny lalanine, and prol ine are all in the range of
3. 55. 9 m g/ 100 mL .
4The Determination of the Trace El ements
T he contents o f the t race element s det er mined
by means of a mo del Mark- inductiv ely coupled
pl asma at om ic emission spect ro graph are listed in
T able 3.
Table 3The trace elements and their content
Trace element C on tent s( 10- 6)

T race el ement

Cont ent s ( 10- 6 )

Al

0. 888 9

Zn

0. 020 9

Fe

0. 501 0

La

0. 003 6

Ca

6. 936

Mn

0. 030 0

Mg

1. 888

Ni

0. 009 4

0. 224 9

3. 333 0

Ba

0. 086 7

Pb
Sr

0. 032 4
0. 019 2

Ti

0. 023 5

0. 006 3

Y
Zr

0. 006 3

Be
Cd

0. 021 2

Co
Cu
Cr

0. 138 0
0. 144 1

V ol . 18

by t he st ibium t richlo ride m et hod is 45. 3 g / kg ,

w hich is 5 t im es less than t he saf ety cont ent
0. 02% announced by t he go ver nm ent and it is not
harm ful t o hum an bodies .
6 The Fatty Acids in the Oil of the Hippophae
Rhamnoides L. Seeds
T he fat t y acids in t he oil and t he contents of
t hem are list ed in T able 4. F rom T able 4 w e can
see t hat t he mass f raction o f t he sat ur ated fat t y
acid is 12. 61% and that o f t he unsaturat ed fat t y
acid is 87. 39% and the rat io of t he f orm er to t he
l at t er is 1 6. 9. T he cont ent of t he unsaturat ed
f at ty acid in t he oil o f t he H ipp op hae Rhamnoides
L . seeds is higher t han the t ot al cont ent of t he
unsat ur at ed fat t y acid of t he so-called v it amin F ,
l inoleic acid and linolenic acid, 84. 97% . If t he oil
o f H ip p op hae Rhamnoides L . seeds is used as
cooking o il, it w ill pr olong your lif e.
Table 4The contents of the fatty acids in the oil of
the Hippop hae Rhamnoides L. seeds
N u mber of

M as s f raction

carbon at om

(%)

Lauric acid

C 12

2. 11

M yrist ic acid

C 14

2. 84

Palmit ic acid

C 16

5. 24

4
5

O leic acid

C 18

Li noleic acid

C 18

25. 40
25. 40

Li nolen ic acid

C 18

59. 57

A rach idic acid

C 20

S at urat ed f at t y aci d

12. 16

U nsat urat ed f at ty acid

87. 39

N o.

Fat ty acid

2. 42

F rom w hat have been said abo ve, w e can see

t hat t he H ip p op hae R hamnoid es L . seeds oil
cont ains abundant v it amin E, pro teins, aminoacids, t race el em ent s and unsaturat ed f att y acids,
t hus t he development and the applicat io n of
H ipp op hae Rhamnoides L . in Jilin P rovince are full
o f ho pe.

0. 013 5

T he co nt ent s of heavy metals are very lo w and

t he t race element s f avorable t o hum an bo dies are
abundant , thus t he oil can be used as an edible oil.
5The Content of the Gossypol in the Oil of the
Hippophae Rhamnoides L. Seeds
Gossypol is t ox ic, t he co nt ent of w hich in t he
oil is an import ant f act or f or determining w het her
t he oil can be used as an edibl e oil.
T he cont ent of g ossypol in the oil det er mined

Ref erences
[ 1 ] Ins tit ut e of Fores t ry Soil, Chin es e A cademy of S ciences,
N or theast O il -beari ng P lant s and D et ermi ning M et hod s of
F atty Comp osit ion, Pub lish ing Hous e of Liaoning ,
S heng yang, 1980, 153158, 758759
[ 2 ] C hen Tig on g , Li R ong , Zhao Hongzh i, H ipp op hae, 1988,
( 4) , 35
[ 3 ] G e X iaoyan, S hi G uofu , M a Caiyin g, Ch inese T rad it ional
and H e rbal Dr ugs, 1986, 17( 8) : 42
[ 4 ] Huang w eik un, Food s Test and A naly si s, Pub lish ing House
of L ight Indu st ry, Beijing, 1989, 387388, 741747