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Tahmasbi
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Tahmasbi
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(OETRC)
Tahmasbi
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(OETRC)
Tahmasbi
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By the year 2005, Statoils Kristin Field in Norway holds the HP/HT record
of 911 bar and 167oC in 330m of water.
Blue Stream submarine pipeline:
Natural gas
Between Russia & Turkey
1550 MMSCFD
Maximum WD : 2150 m
2 @ OD 24 & thickness 31.8 mm
In length of 396km x 2
250 bar & X65
Commissioned on 2005
About 1.7 billion USD (2.15 MUSD/km)
(OETRC)
Tahmasbi
INIOAS
(23.3/24 mm)
INIOAS
(OETRC)
Short Course
(12 -14 Jan 2014 - Tehran)
Tahmasbi
(OETRC)
Tahmasbi
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Offshore
Pipeline
Eng.
3- Mechanics
Structural mechanics
Hydrodynamic mechanics
Soil mechanics
2- Material Science
Material selection & corrosion study
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2- Material Science
API Spec 5L (ISO 3183) : Petroleum and natural gas industries, Steel
pipe for pipeline transportation systems
NACE MR0175 (ISO 15156) : Petroleum and natural gas industries,
materials for use in H2S-containing environments in oil and gas production
DNV-RP-F106 : Factory applied external pipeline coatings for corrosion
control
DNV-RP-F103 : Cathodic protection of submarine pipelines by galvanic
anodes
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Feasibility Study
Business Development
Design
Basic Design
Detail Design
Construction
Operation
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Line Pipe
Component & Assemblies
Corrosion Protection & Weight Coating
Pre-intervention
Installation
Post-intervention
Pre-commissioning
Feasibility study :
Technical e.g. identifying potential routes, reviewing of new
technologies & recourses
Economical e.g. cost/benefit studies, IRR analysis, sensitivity
analysis (studying of factors could have positive/negative effects
on profitability), etc.
Political, legal ,etc. (e.g. territorial waters is extended up to 12
nautical miles from shore line)
Risk analysis e.g. identifying of high level risks & prepare risk
response plan
Prepare rough schedule and cost estimate (-25% to +75%)
Reviewing of all existing alternatives in all aspects and eventually
enter into go/no-go decision process & project selection.
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Cutting
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Bridge
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The pressure drop will drastically increase with decreasing the pipe size.
If the pipeline is to transport a sour fluid containing H2S, CO2, etc.,
corrosion inhibitors should be applied or a special corrosion resistant
alloy (CRA) pipe material should be used and/or a corrosion allowance
can be added to the required pipe wall thickness.
Pigging requirements in order to wax/condensate buildups removal.
Mitigation or Prevention Strategies for deposition and line plugging
due to hydrate, wax, asphaltene & scale to be reviewed and selected.
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Resistance to Cracking
Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC)
Hydrogen Induced Stress Cracking (HISC)
Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
Operating Temperature
Tests (tensile, hardness, CVN impact,
guided bend, etc.)
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C-Mn Steel
Sour Service
C-Mn Steel
Sweet Service
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Flexibility & superior dynamic behavior for risers: A typical 8'' internal
diameter can safely be bent to a radius of 2m or less. (10D)
High Speed laying : Because it comes in a continuous length spooling on a reel,
laying speed commonly averages 500m per hour. (12 km/day)
Modularity : The independent layers of a flexible structure enable it to be
tailored to the precise needs of a specific development.
Water depth up to 3000m, Temperature up to 170oC , Pressure up to 460 bar
for 10 ID. (Based on Technips presentation)
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8. Pipe Manufacturing
Manufacturing Process :
Seamless, UO, UOE, TRB, ERW, Spiral/Helical
U Forming
O Forming
Expansion
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8. Pipe Manufacturing
Example of One Mills Pipe Production Range
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t1= t-tfab-tcor
DNV &
ISO
ASME
(B31.8)
API
1111
LC 1
0.77
0.72
0.72
LC 2
0.67
0.5
0.6
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t1= t-tfab-tcor
Ovality
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t2= t-tcor
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Seamless
UO,TRB
UOE
Allowable
W.D.
125 m
116 m
106 m
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Pipe
Load Controlled
Condition
Internal Overpressure
External Overpressure
t2= t-tcor
Displacement Controlled
Condition
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Internal Overpressure
External Overpressure
t2= t-tcor
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SF for LCC
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Bottom Tow
Off-bottom Tow
Mid-depth Tow
Surface Tow
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Overbend Area:
Creation I : Static Loading
Creation II : Dynamic Loading & SNCF
Sagbend Area:
Dynamic Loading & SNCF may be ignored.
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fy (Yield Stress)
87% fy
At sagbend area the pipe is hard to control, so more stringent stress criteria
(lower stress limit) is applied.
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Limitation
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3- Internal Pressure
4- External pressure
5- Jacket movement
6- Self weight
7- Soil-pipe interaction
2- Fracture criteria
3- Fatigue Limit State
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For example:
OD 32, t 20.6 mm, MOP 120 bar,
temperature increase : 50oC
Temperature share = 72%
Pressure share = 28%
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Local buckling criteria, fracture criteria and fatigue Limit state shall be
satisfied.
Increase in thickness as a solution for global buckling phenomena
could not be effectively helpful because it increases the effective
axial force due to thermal expansion as well.
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Snake lay
Buckle initiators (sleepers, buoyancies, etc.)
Buckle arrestors (Rock dumping, burial, anchor, etc.)
Expansion loop
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In 2007 she set the world record for pipeline installation at a depth of 2,775 m
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INSTALLATION PRESS
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26%
61.3%
73%
62.2%
37.4%
27%
52.2%
< 9
47.8%
> 9
Damaged Categorized
By Diameter Range
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CALM
System
Anchor Piles
Submarine
Hoses
PLEM
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RP
FP
RP
FP
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Application
Mathcad,
Microsoft Excel
AutoCad
SAGE Profile
OLGA
PIPESIM
ABAQUS
ANSYS
SAGE Profile
OFFPIPE
SAGE Profile
OrcaLay
OrcaFlex
AutoPIPE
CAESAR II
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24. References
Subsea Pipeline Engineering (2nd Edition), by Andrew C. Palmer, Roger A. King
Offshore Pipelines: Design, Instillation and Maintenance, by Shanhong Song, Ali
Ghalambor, Jacob Chacko, Boyun Guo
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